The New York Herald Newspaper, January 7, 1856, Page 2

‘Werther retired from the conference unsuc Tpresume, will be denied in the Russis rosea Fl cr Belgium, as was the ¢ 2 pee the apxious impatience with whic’ iy Stackelberg’s toed tara to Vienne was Giapeted: Ss aawe it, ho efi too good an authority to hav och doubt of its general To this unwon'ed Livel’ now of Prussia is attributable, een, the rather nexpected intervention of Aus- fe know ho’ y nervous Austria is at aby supre- obtained ',y her rival; and as Prussia, uneasy at what was g’ng on at the North, had ventured to be eourar sous, Austria decided on going beyond her. fm that temper she made the overtures to ¥. Ze Bourqueney which were submitted to the Fresch afd English governments, which have been made ti F a uestion of any previous un- between Austris and Russia much doubt is en But we may venture to put the question whether Austria would press on Russie dons she does not know will not be accepted, either wholly or im rebuff encountered Fert or will submit to the same, Toe put uage etber Powe: id be followed, ia case of failure, see Power, cer netner she wil) do these Ke question. It is believed in Vienna amd elsewhere that France is wore desirous of peace than and this desire, perbaps too clearly and too often manifested, may add to the obstinacy of r Barnitod produce its effect on Aus. tria. The value of every commodity is raised in propor- tion to the presumed wants of the purchaser, and the man who withes to drive a good bargain will do well to diapnie his impatience for the possession of the article, absolute necessity for it. France has, no doubt, , ap resources at her comomand to carry on the war, but government would act wisely not to appear to seize with cage'ness the first chance that presents itself of making peace. Be Patric publishes the following telegraphic dis- “Berun Dec. 16.—It is currently reported that about ‘the 15th Novembe: last, Prussia addressed a dispatea to BL Petersburg, with an earnest request to the Ra-sian government to accept the interpretation given by the allies to the third point of guarantee. Russia has not yet replied.” Reply of Rassia to the Peace Proposals. DIPLOMACY IN COPENHAGEN—ROYAL RECEPTION IN ST. PETERSBURG—THE TRADE AND CURRENCY OF MOSCOW—THE JEWS AND THE CONSCRIPTION— HABITS OF THE OZAR—STATE OF ¥FINLAND— BOYAL BETROTHAL. femia (Dec. 16) corzespondence of Condon Times. + There is talk here of a circular note having been Grersed by Count Nesselrode to the represeatatives of Rassia at the different Co that bave made reprecenta- ‘tions to Russia on the subject of peace. The contents of this circular, as represented by those who pretead to knew all abcut it (for my own pa:t, I do not believe in its existence), resemble 80 much the views pat forward by the rep:esentatives of Russa at the Vienna Confe- venees that, if true, the ‘ powers that be’? in Russia still Jook upon her position as unchanged tor the worse siace then. or else that nothing is to be got out of her by di- tic means. In Coperhagen there is a story afloat affording ample sand piquant opportumisies for those who know some little of Russian ways to indulge in very unfavorable suspi- ions of the Kussian diplomatists there. It is related tha! as General Canrcbert one evening returned some- what earlier than usual to his apartments in the Hotel @ Angleterre he found a strange man standing at his se- erétaire, which bad been broken open, or opened with a false key, and so busily ceou pied in examining bis papers that he did not observe the General’s entrance. 1n high indignation, the latter is represented to have seized a candlestick, or, «8 otkers say, some sharp-cutting ob- ject, and to have flung it at hishead. [ne stranger, ‘warning round, received a severe wound in the head, in the neigh »orhocd of the eye, or, as others say, had his eyekn cked out. That is the story; the fact is, that same evening a vale de place was conveyed from the Hotel d’Angleterre te the hospisal, where ne seems to be under some danger of losing his eye from a hurt he has received. On the 4th inst., the Dowager Queen of the Nether. lands, Anna Paulowna, sister of the late Emperor and sunt cf the preseat, had a solemn reception of all the Righ dignitaries of State, bora civil and military, ‘oge- ther with tneir ladies, in ber apartments in the winter pace. All the company, ineinding the ladies of the rt, were assembled, part in the nav apd part in the sererved half of the great chapel, ea grande (enue, though m three-quarters mourning. On the 8th inst., being tne Sele of St. George, the Knights of the Order, all the Coart ‘personages of both rexes, and high officers repaized to ‘Ahe winter palace to hear mass in the chapel there; the Jadies appeared in Russian costume, and the Knights of ‘the Order in their roves: the latter were snbse jneatly in. vited to dine at the Emperor’s table. A private letter from Moscow at the end of November ks of the coniidence of the petty tradesmen in the Sostian paper currency bewg much shaken; that cases frequently occur row, more particularly ia Moscow, Nich- ni, Artrakhan, &c., cf their retusing to take it, while, on the other hand, they keep bazk and bide theic silver money. Silver continues to rise there in price, a great deal of it being smuggled out of the country, then melted down and brought back atan advance. The “ patriotic eontributions ” to the fand are made, for the most part, im kind, consisting of manufactured goxds, protuce of the soil, pictures of saints, the paper money issued by various monetary institutions or their coupons, so thi: the treasury i seifis not much the richer for them. Exact- ly the same I read ina letter from St. Petersburg now Def.re me; the preference whish the Russian a: all times entertains for specie incieases in the same progortion as the paper money iacreases. For all trade with Asia pa money i+, of course, useless; silver becomes er, and, in spite of every problbition, 4 more snd more from circulation. The puolic off y out little or no silver, and i* is expected that very shortly it will be wade obligatary for a portion at least of the tazeu 10 be paid 10 coin, “The high prics of sogar, which weems to be a matter of general complaint everywhere continues to ri-e, and the stocks in hand costinus to d winish, without prospect of being replenished and the prices of conveyance from Kowno to the capital inovense ‘the already high prices to an almost unattainable amount. ‘An ukase of Nov. 40 exempts the Jews of Bessarabia from the upproaching conscription incidentally to the exemption pronounced in favor of the govern’ Poltava, Tchernigov, Charkow, Ekaterin and Taurida; as the ukase rays, “on account sacrifices and ¢xertions which the present state of war has already imposed upon them.” The hidden motive, however, seems to de to relieve the different communities im there governments from official researches, seeing that fm reality toere are no more Hebrews there to be bad tit for service. Ube few thut lately were to be had have availed themselves of the recent law which exempts Jews who devote themselves to agricultural pursuits from the sonecription. From anotber letter from St. Petersburg I learn that since the Emperor's return from Nicholaief! a very no- ticeable charge is described as being observable in him, even io those rot intimately introcuced into the Court circle. He was never a particularly demonstrative pe won, or very lively in his communications, nor has he ever concealed his preference for peace. Of late it is re. marked that he has become more suent than formerly, and often bears on his countenance an expression of aa mess. Those who are intimate with his character de scribe this expretsien as by no means resulting trom faint heartedness or ceepair, but rather like many of bis expressions on his jouraey, and to persons in his confi- ence rince his return, as the reflex of deep regret at the immense sacrifices and privations which the presen! wa: in causing his land, 1t is not so much the loss of men that is to be deplored as the enormous districts of half cultivatod territory which are thus deprived for macy te come of the bands to tit! and the arms to thrasa. Heante is the country of raw material and ifshe cannot aise and consume or dispose of this she falls invo « «tate ‘approaching financial swarvation. Ihe Emperor's last has brought this reflection very much home to ind, and touched as he has often been to tears at the unwillingness of self-sacrifice shown by hia subjects, he has not been able to shut his eyes to the fact that the means will soon foll them, even if the willingness laste, ‘The Ruerian army has bad still more enormous losses ‘than the reports tuat reach the West confess, and then the most daring tancy imagins. For these’ losses tae Russians endeavor to consolve themselves with the re flection that the English army, the firs: ome, the real ome, has been destroyed too. That the Emperor is .tn- self rincerely desireus of peace cannot be denied, any more than that his brother and his consort leave no of unity of presuming to his mind the desirableness of desisting from the conflict. The latest Swedish papers contain many private com- munications from Finlande, trom which we learn the great losses to the country and the fearfully high prices eaured there by the war. Tue little wown of Wasa has suffered a loss of no less than 125,000 silver roubles; in ‘Abo all the recessaries of jife are 50 per cent. dearer ‘than usual; in Helsingtors matters are still worse. The Jatter town is suifering from an excessive amount of military quartered cn the iohavitants; rents have risen fearfully, | a8 soon as any dwelling is knowe to be vacant, it is anappea up at any price hy ths military According to a report signed by General ents of r) ithorities. Blevers, and pubished in the Almanne Tidningen, the Russia of the line lost 103 men duriag the dow barément cf Sweaborg, but bas since been repaired as far as the circumstances would admit of. A Row man offiser of artillery has discovered that tae Swedish mortars, lying in considerable quantities on the docks at Sweaborg, carry from one to two verste farther than the Russian guns that had been mounte! ‘on the fortifica ions; the intter beve tfiesefure veea re- placed by the former. The fortress is also haviog « new bproof roo! built to ic, of joists and rafters covered to ecnnideradle depth with earth. The Miliary Governor im Finland, Lieutenant General von Berg, bas inwued an address to hiv officers, in consequesce of quent colli- Tisions having taken place between the military and the eivil authorities, apparently resuiting chiefiy from arbi- Arary arrests executed by the former, enj dning them to ‘edserve @ civil and friendly bebavior towards all clas ws ‘of the population, and particularly towards the authori- tHes; and to this end to make themselves well acjaainted with the laws, the customs, the character, aod the lan- guage of the people, The offence that seems mo quently to have been laid to the charge of the officers, and formed the subject of official investigations, is de- seribed in Swedieh ax basting och bindning, which means simple arrest and binding by force, without application fo any tribunal of justi. ‘The Invalice Russe contains the report of the Hetman of the Cossacks of the Black Sea, Major-General Pailipp- fon, cn the expedition sent on tne 22d October last — the Tchertcheneiffets, an independent trite of the neasus, inhabiting the country to the south of the Kuban, and which mode continual incursions into the Russian territory. Aoul-Yedentaouke:, the principal village of these mountaineers, was attasked inex pecedly dy a detachment of Cossacks, who had four pieces of can- non and cight mortars, and wae given up to the flames, Bat when the bonquerors wero retiring, with Fee frites: ant three hundred head of cat- , they were constamtly harassed by the moun- Meiners) revera) er, in fact, the Tcherkes assembled in conside numbers, attacked the Rus- giane, and oblige! them to cut their way thrvugo. In one of these attacks the chiefof the natives, Hadji-Hekoi Hadj. is said to have been mortally wounded. The con- filet was prolonged or these conditions for an entire day, and jn the pvening of ‘Le 234 Vctober the Russians ro- NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 7, 1856 “ Si Gast rend Duke Nicholas arrived here to-day, and slighted at the palace of Prince Woronzoff. These are many oi! cers and generais here who have made the cam- paign in the Crimea, either to recover from their wounds or to take repose. The opal are ‘of gold for the officers, and o! silver for the pri- ‘On one side if this inser, brave army in eternal memory of the immortal defeace of Sebastopol,” and on the other ‘ From the ever-to be- regretted Emperor Nicholas, and from Alexander.”” AFFAIRS IN THE CRIMEA—THE RUSSIAN CANNONADE—HEALTH OF THE ENGLISH TROOPS—NEUTRAL SHIPS IN THE SBA OF AZOFF—THE CORN TRADE. Senasrorot, Deo. 4, 1855. My Lorp—The enemy continue to fire oceustonally, and sometimes heavily, on parts of the town. Taey must have expended a considerable quantity of valuable am- munition, without causing us any Icss or inconvenience, ‘The enclosed casualty return is first of the sort I have had occasion to report to your Lordsbip. It may seem unimportant to refer to the 8% roads and weather bere, but their condition affects the eseential communications and well-being of the arny. ‘The winter broke upon us suddenly on the 26th and 27 with snow, and has varied with gales and rain; and a very deep state of the ground has damaged all communi- cations. Constant presence of laborers and constant attention are requisite, and are being given to the road, which, from a peculiarity of soil and condition, was worked into holes, but which is and will continue to be of the great est service to the army and its supplies.—Ihave, &e , W. J. CODRINGTON, General Comman:ing. P. S.—I beg leave also to forward the weekly report of Dr. Hall, the prinefpal medical officer, by which your Lordship’ will perceive that the general state of heaith of the army continues favorabie. W. J. CODRINGTON, General Commanding. The Lory Paxaure. &. WOUNDED. 7th Fcot—Capt. Lord R. Browne, slightly, by barsting fa shell in Sebastopol. W. L. PAKENHAM, Adjutant General. Heap-quanrigs Cam, Crtwma, Dec 4. Sim—I am glad to be abie to point out a continuance of the favorable state of health of the army. The weather bas been boisterous, wet, cold and change- able, which has oecasioned an increase of catarrhal affe>- tion®, and added some cases of catarrhal opthalmia to our list; but the admissions under this head have de- creased nearly one-helt during the present week, and it is to be hoped, by care and removal of those laboring under the ccmpiaint to the Monastery, that the disease will not extena. There has been a decrease in the number of adin’ssions from fever, but an increase of mortality, contined chiefly to the lanc transport corps, as fourteen out of the nine- teen deatbs that cecurred durivg ths week took§place in that branch cf the service alone. This corps has a hea- vier sick lixt than any division of the army, which is not tobe wondered at, as muny of the Europeans have re- cently arrived in the country, and are not yet acclimated, and the natives bear fatigue and the vicissitudes of wea- ther, like that which ne now have, but ill. The following shows the ratioof sickness uring the week:— The admissions to strength have bee and mortality Per cent. Deaths to strength... ‘ 007 Fxelusive ot land transport 004 Sick to well ee 6.08 Exclusive of wounds and injuries. 90 . 4 eral of Huapitals, J. HALL, Inspector ¢ C.B., Commander. [General Sir William Codrington, K. in Chiet.) Royat Atwenr, Kazaton Bay, Dec. 1, 1855. —I request thatiyou will lay before the Lords Com- missioners of the Admiralty the enclosed copy of let- ter from Captain Sherrard Osbora, of the Vesuvius, dated the 24th ult., informing me, that as the forma*ion of ice had commenced in a of Azotl, and as he bad been informed by both M. Gopeeviteh, the Austrian mer- chant charged with the shipment of corn ia Austrian vessels, and by the Rustian autborities at Marioupol that all chance of neutral vessels obtaining carg oe: this year was at an end, he had withdrawn to lerte» with the tquadron under his orders, af ving himself ¢ no merchant vessels reuained in that sea. lam, &.. EDMUND LYONS, Rear: Admiral and Comman ‘er-in Chief, The Secretary cf the Admiralty, London. DOCTOR DAVEGA’S REPORT FROM THE CRIMEA—THE WAR NEWS OF THE HE- RALD. [Sebastopol (Nev. 30,) Correspondeuee of the London ‘ime We have been all much amused this mail by the peru- al ot an artic ¢ extracted from the ) Y He bof 5th October, which appearei in the Temes of tho ith November, and containing the opinions of General (J beg bis pardon, Doctor Davega on the past and future ot the war. The Iucubrations aie, however, ac far use- ful that they contain perbaps soe ind medes of thooght end texdency of calcula the Russian camp. Our own speculations are otten absurd enough, and in most ins eedingly ‘ulla- cious. bat one cannot be! astute strategists Mie the Russians can ¢vi moment believe that the ailies will attsckjthem from their present positien—that they will attempt to crocs the wa ers Sebastopol, or storm the heights of Trkerasna, M nzie, or Aitodor. These detiles would not admit of the carriage or use of artillery ry:ten men might hold them ® toovsand. But, holding the -ea) there is no place except the north side of Seba- which we cannot land, and from which we cannot march to take in reverse the whole ntic works of which the Dector speake, 2 com: munications Letween the enewy in the Crimea and Russia Proper. ‘The Doctor declares that the Russians ¢id not intend to hold the south side, that is the city of Sebastopol, longer than was necessary to let them re- move their hospitals, their guns, and whatever else they considered incixpensable. When did that intention begin? It certainly appears the enemy did not carry it out, for they left behind them about 4,000 brass anil iron guns, all their fleet, the most horrible spectacle in the shape of a hospital (Doctor, did you belong to that leasant school of surgery’) the wo.ld ever saw, oad an immense quantity of clothing, of food and of st which would be considered indispensable to any arm Europe, i! they could bave removed it. The Russia guns on the north side not only co nut ienier the possession of the city unenabe, but are so in nocuous that the allies do got take the trouble of re- plying to them. We occupy the city and destroy the docks under the eyes of their gunners, and like #9 many bees extract from the shot shuttered comb of se bustopol the honey, of utility, wood, iron, stoves and many other things'to make us comfortable for tke winter. {verily believe that the gosd Doctor thinks the decent of the Russian Moers and steamers among the murcles is a to recruit their strength— mere strategicnl dodge to obtain concentrated power. To us who saw the Aims, Balaklava’ and inkermenn, ‘the “singular fact that Russians flock together under aheavy fire, avd cling to each other with a tenacity which knows not how to yield, while the F h and English sca'ter und milar circumstances,” is » singular absurdity. Never did any intantry scatter and retreat in greater confusion thin the Russians at the Alma. The ground was covered tor miles with their arms, coats and knapsacks, and we found traces of their flight at the Katcha and the Belvek, AtInkermann they flew down the steep from ander our fire like disorderly mob for tweaty minutes, and it was orly when they got within the cover of their guns, and found they were not pursued, that they formed ani began to march like soldiers. Who that raw Palaklava can forget the miraculous flight of their mounted cavalry after their first two minutes’ m- terview with the scanty squadrons of the Enniskillens and Scotch Grays? No, no, Dec‘or: you may be a Yankee Muscovite of the genuine free despot type, but you really cannot teil these little fibs about your dear eomrades and expect Enrope to believe them. The Russians fight well behind ramparts, and possess a good deai of stolid bravery, but they never have stood, ani never will stand, against an equal number of French or Fngli-h treop*s, and there is no Ge- neral here who would no: wirh to get them out, three to two, and try them cn the open. At Alma we stacked them in a tremendouy in wenched position, and carried it. At Inkermann they attasked us, without a gun, without a ditch to de- fend our flank, and beat down part of our camp with tneir guns before our men were well awake. They cer- tainly ascended a very steep ravine side, but we were not there to detend the erest of it; and then see whut ac count our 7,500 men made of as#aulting columas whi.h certainly exceeded 20,000 men, without including the re- serves! Inthe trenches they never stood against our soldiers for an instant: they never won an inch of ground back from us, and their sorties were uniformly repulsed, although made in force, under tne most favorable ctr: camstances, against weak parties in weak treaches As to their equipments, they may be good enough for a Ruseian soldier, but oar suldiers would be gceatly dis- gusted if they had to put on such clothes; and as to their arms, they are certainly inferior to the arms of the alies, Yor their dicipline, i can only speak from this fac —ihst they have never yet attempted to attack but {a masses of columns, as at Ia: kermann, Fusatoria and Kars, and have never yet suc- ceeded in deploying them, nor have they ever ventured on any flank movement in the presence of an enemy; bat I hear from their deserters that it is pretty severe, mad that a liberal amount of baton and fuatigation is adminis- tered to keep the men, and expecially the milftia, in order. Where was Dr. Davega when the battle of the tehernaya place, or did be hear ot i¢atall in Sebastopol’ He have seen some very preity running in boots. and very ill disciplined mevements frem the Fedukhise heights about 9 o'clock on the 16th of last August, I cam aseure Lim, Hit countrymen wo are here aid who reoe.ve rations and quarters from the aidies, can pechaps enlighten him « Iittle on the gubject of derection, aida look at the Fray ost's Look will enabie ihem to tel! him the «act namber w. Ihave come over to us and the sardiniane, not to spoa! the French, since we sat dows behind Sebestopol. It may be quite true that the Russians would show no quarter t the Mahommedan if they could catch any, but as yet they have had little chance of exhibiting eituer clemency or cruelty towards the tofidel, since the flight of the fellowe from the wretched retoubte in Balaklava, whi have brought disgrace upon one enginecr officer, nt ail events. “pull” has been as yet certainly in fayor cf the Tark on that score. Icaa scarcely believe that the Russiana entertain the feelings towarda the Englisa which the Doctor attributes to them, for our officersani men who have been in thelr hands stated that they Fore trpated and «pokep of with the greatest most know that the English the from were blown up and whore ba were silenced by the enemy, #0 that the city so called, the proper right of e- bestopel, was as strong and u ble as ever. It is iocivnieous to draw comparisons between ailies. but it must be recollected that if we failed cwice at the Redan—where the spectator now stands and mi “madness!” a8 he looks around hin—the French failed im one great atack on the Mame- lon, in two assanls on the Bastion.du-Mat, in the attack on the Little Redan, and in the assault em the Bestion-du-Mat and Bastion Centrale on the 8th of September, and that it was the English Quarry Fattery which anvibilated the Russian reverves ax they formed in the Karabelnais to retake the Malakoff, and that for one hour and fifty-six minutes the presence of our forlorn hope of English in the Redan d'stracted the efferts, and drew away an immense boly of the enemy from the French, With regard to tue ‘“sncoese” with which the movements of the Russian Generals have been ording to the Doetor) attended in many instauces, it is not easy for us to discover oue. Hitherto, tuey have been only successful in moving off.” Ho verer, it is not worth while to bestow furthe: comment on Dr. Da- vega, whose experiences, most likely, have been fo-gotten before this, avd I am only lea to male these few remarks, lest the readers ot the New Yor« Huraty should taxe them all fer gospel. When the Russians have lett, o- bave been beaten out bf, the Crimea, there will be plenty cf people to hail the news as an avgory of fresh Russian succestes, and as a proof of furcher energy ine ncentra- tion, according to the doctrine which seems to be a kiad of etrategical plagury of the theclogical doctrine of de- velopements. THE SURRENDER OF KARS. [From the London Times, Dee. 18.) Three Fastern regions are {com time to time spoken of as ‘the seat of wer.” In one a disastrous drama has been just enacted. Arid the bleak heights of the Arme- nian mountains an heroic struggle is w conclude, For nearly five months the deteudess of Kars resisted the cannon of a vastly superior loree. Twice they re- pel'ed the onset of the enemy. No event of the war has displayed inore courage and stubborn for- titude; none has more called forth the interest and ad- miration ot the world. But faxine has done its work, apd brave. men ha’ ielded when honor and the country’s fame were fully satisfied. Kare is now a Russian poeition. The earthworks which our gallant countrymen constructed will now shelter determined foes, emulous of the resistance of Sebastopol, and anxious to preserve what they must feel to be their only conquest. Gumri is now no longer the advanced st of the Czar ; his armies, though weakened by their ng und dreary bivouac,now hold a fortress and a distsict 8,000 feet above the sea, in a country difficult to approach and guarded by the lung range of the Soghanly-Dagh from the attempt of any but a resolute foe. hese mountians look down on Frzeroum, which is now the frontier city cf the Turks. ‘here is probably tittle fear thas it will be attacked at euch a season, should a relieving army have had t:me to concentrate itself bebind the works which were the especial care of our gallant General Williams. But it is reli nt that we know too little of the armies in these parts to mate any cenclusions weighty. Nineteen days have elapsed before the surrender of Kars has teen folly ecnfrmed ; in that time much may have bappened, and of Vely Pasha and his forces we know al- mest nothing. On the inland Asiatic seat of war we are vhus certain bat of one thing—that the Turks have los an important post, and that another may be perhaps 10 danger. ‘Turning now to the eastern coast of the Euxine we come to the hea¢quarters of the Ottoman General. His svcall, i-fed, ill-clothed army, straggles for twenty miles along the banks of the Ingcur. A few cavalry ure in advance, but the General knows ihat any movement i+ impossible with his present force, The Russians, on the other bavd, axe said to be notidle, The fords and passes are held by an army by no means contemptible, and it can hardly be dcubted that science will be applied to the strengthening of these pesitions. Bvery day that pastes makes Kutais more defensible, end returning spriog may find Fussisn generals firmly establiched on more tTan oxe line of works, while vew levies may enable them to operate freely in the province they have conquered, while they bald with pertinucity the roads which traverse their own territory. ‘The third aud most striking ploture is that of 200,000 men encamped on the heights which overlock a con juerea city, watching an erewy which suddenly throws now and then 2 shell to break the stilmese which has for three months overspread the most gigantic battlefield ot mcdern times. Their Jabors are suspended; preparations for comfort or amusement occupy all, trom the general to the private; the daily historian of the war announces that Le bas litile to tell. We will not now discuss the gencralsbip of the commanéers, or compare a campaign cf corown times with Austerlitzgand Fylau, and the other ceeds of the giants who are gone. We will accept the doctrine that prudence is the chief ot mili- tay virtues, and that those who have gained relg have a right to rest on them for a season. We will presume that in April much may be easy which was impossible in September. fhe cam- paign in the Crimea has closed, and it Is use- les to regret the past. But we cannot think of those vast armies, those miles of tents which cover volley and plateau, those thousands of mules and horses, thoré tons cf comm and meat and hay, those piles of ammunition, those fleets of mighty transports wihout comparing all this plenty with the desti- tute condition of the poor Ottoman army, to which, 28 on mockery, has been committed the safety of halt the Sultan’s empire. There are the right men and the right materials for war, but are they in the H right place? Surely, of the’ inactive thousands before Sebastopol a few might be spared fyr service cn another field. For the fall of Kars there are statesmen and generals who owe a strict ac- count. A strong position is in the hands of the enewy, a province is overrun by the Corsack and the Bashkir. Many a brave can may be destined to fall before the sbandcned eity be wrested frem the invader. The name of Mcurevieff is probably now sepeated with awe by the Persian and Affgban; the mcral lesson of Sebastopol must egain be sternly taught. But there will be @ still greater responsibility if ufter euch a warning the Czar be allowed to confi:m and ex‘end hia triumph. Omar Pasha bas lance on the Abasian coaet to enforce the enemy's retreat by a march on his own territory. The policy of ‘he measure mey be doubted, but itis an accowplished fact and nothing remains but to persevere in what has been tegun. It is proved that the General is without means; it ie proved that the Seraskier and his colieagues ure un- able to supply their only commander with the first ne- cessities of a withoutr ppaign. fhe Turkish army is smalls it is ources, on an inhospitable coast, and winter ‘The bistorigs of the Danube and Balaklava may be repeated in a third winter, ‘The Ottoman is hat dy and patrent, he requires little, and submits un- ingly where European troops would lose heart iphne. But no strength or devotion can re- sist accumulated trials, Unless the Turki-h General receive aesistance he may not only be unable to van- quith the enemy’s army, but he may lose his own. In spice of the euccesves ¢f their allies, the Turks have suffered greatly in the presen’ war. We hardly dare estimate the numbers v Le Lave disappeared in the two } ’ conteat. Ome. Paha now commands the last body of the Sultan’s trocpa which cam be depended on for active warfare, Though brave and obedient, thece must be dejeeted by the calamities of their race, and especially Ly the news which has just reathed them. I+ is a dan- gerous end even a guilty policy to leave them alcne and unsupported even for a season, ‘There can be but one conclusion from the facts we stated. A force from the allied camp should be at orce sent to join in the Asiatic war. The importance of a Christian corps in these regions hax been often urged. The inhabitants may dislake the Russians, but they must certsinly dread the Mussulman. It is not to be doubted that politically the the presence of # British or French Givision would have most beneficial zesults Bu; even there ulterior advantages are small compared with the importance of suecouring the neglected Turks, carrying out the long looked for advance, and by # buld inroad routing the enemy from a dream «f conquest to the hasty and unready defence of their most valued province. Thore regiments waick suffered most in the Iste contest may weil remain to recruit their exhausted ranks; bu; there are surely troops enough in the East to furnish 10,000 men for an Asiatic campaign. Shere are also Generals of Division in the two armies who might wisely be (rusted with an independent command, and military genious might be called forth which has been hidden during the dreary routine of an eleven roonths’ canon nade. The time has come for such a course, ani it may soon be past. It we leave the enemy to enjoy and im- prove bis triumph the labors of the future may Lv long, and its successes incomplete, {Vienna (Des.) Correspontence of London Tivrs.] ‘The news of the fall of Kars has here been scocived with # mixed feeling of sorrow and pleasure. The great public is well satisfied that the Russians have at iast obtained rome suceess, ‘as they can now afford to ma:ke the concessions required of them.” The military w ici on the contrary, declares that the indifference of tty allies to the fate of the brave garrison of Kars is pardorable,” and Omar Pasha is also greatly blam J marching on Kutais instead of advancing directly tr Fatoum towards Arahan and Kars. The Austrian m tury erities would, however well to recollect that Omar Pasha has hardly apy baggage train, and that a want of the necessary supplies for ie army renders it « mott impossible for him to quit the aeighborhoud of the const. That the fall of Kars is bere considered an event of considerable political importance you Will see by the fil lowing extract from the Out-Leutsche Pos “une c ibe Rusrians now have their victory, their Inurels A fiorid , bulletin can epeak of a fortres® takea, acd give an inventory of the guns, powder, stores, &.., thercia found. ‘The Russians can boast of more thon the Allie for they hai ured a half-starved garrison, hu doven Pashas, « complete staff; they have taken a w fortress and the Allies but half a one. In a word, their ry honor is saved, and they can conclude peace, as the world can no longer say that they have vuffered an uninterrupted series of defenta, ‘The foregoihg is ironically meant, but still it correstly expresses the views of the official and non-ollicial polit tisna inhabiting this city. ‘The Breslau Gaselte publishes a letter from St. Pere burg. containing extract from the Cauease and the Tiftiser Blalte, both published at ‘Tiflis, relative to the siege of Kars. The writer says that early in November the blockaded garrison voluntarily eurrenderod fitteen Russian prisoners ard one officer, obviously for the pur- pore of diminishing the number of mouths to be fed, although at the risk of exporing the extremity of theit ndition. He then praisos the happy audacity of Gane- vel Susslow’s advanoe upon the Drom Dagh whick 49 “$mposed” upon the Turkiah commander, Vely Pacha that he abandoned the hope of relieving the garrison. Ib would have been, he says, very easy to relieve Kars soon ater the 20h of September, but the attempt was de ferred until Mouravieff had had time to reeruit his army fa ile Act of Excommunt cation at Coblentz. Wa find In the Journal de Frankfort some earious de- wile relative to an “excommunication” which has just veen propouneed at Coblentz, The narrative is a» fol- 10¥e Contant, Dec. 12, 1855, On Sunday we were witnesses of » ceremony which hag acess the mubject being i Soabeng amerehast at Oa: cation— |. Sonmteg, a merchant at Dientz, who was divorced from his first wife, and eight ears ago was married by the civil authorities only, to ‘s present ope. Last summer M. Sonntag was commanded by the clergy to separate from his wife, and not obeying their decree, he was on Sunday excommunicated. Dean Kramentz, atter preaching a rermon against the ait married = some other saaneietal garments, ‘and, acccm) two ¢ 2” wax tapers, read, stan in the mile of th Dering the sentence of excommun m against an lady. He then ex inguished the tapers, saying that the individuals pamed were not worthy w see the cay of the Lord, and throwing the can¢lesticks to the grouvd, breaking them to pices, exclaimed, “Let the bells sound the funeral knell!” We immediately heard the sound of bells and the chants for the dead. ‘The Dean, in conclusion, proclaimed that no ons who- soever was to hold relations with the excommunicated, to salute them, &c. robibition has not had much ttfeet for theit house bas been Glled ever stoce with wis: itera, and at night they have been serenaded. RUSSIAN AFFAIRS. THE NEW RUSSIAN LOAN. We have received the St. Petersburg journals of the th inst. ‘The Journal de St Pdersourg publishes the following Imperial ukase relative to the new Ruseian loan, [t 18 addressed to he Minwter of Finances:— To provice for the extraordinary expenses which ac- tual crcomstances impose upon the treasury of the em pire, we have authorized you, eonformably to your pro- portion, to conclude, through’ the medium of the com. mercial house of our banker, Councillor Baron Stieglitz, of St. Petersburg, a loan of fifty mittions of silver rouoles, on the conditions eontiraed by us, aud we order you con: requenty to make the following arrangements:— $PThid loon is to. be. inscribed on the led Tivre) of the public debt of Russia, as the six per cent, 2. For this loan notes shall be issued of the Imperial Commission of the Sinking Fund (inscriptions) to the bearer: each note to be fur 500 silver roubl 8. This scrig will bear an annual interest of five per cent, datirg from the Ist October of the present year. To each note 20 coupons will be attached, on the presenta- tion of which, the interest-due will be paid to the corres- ponding time. 4. The payment of this interest will be made for each Lalf year cue, from the Ist April to the 1st June, aud frem the Ist October to the Ist December, and there will be raid for each coupon at St. Petersburg, by the Com mission of the Sinking Fund, 12 roubles 50 coppers silver, apelse through the medium of the bankers, Stieglitz and Co,, 23 florins 60 cents of the Netherlands, or 26 marks 10 schulings 11 ptennings of the Hamburg Bank. 6. On the expiration ¢f the tirst ten years of the loan, xew coupons will be issued for the serip then in circula~ (grand- loan at 5 jon. 6. The sinking (amortissement) of this Joan will com- mence in 1868, and for this object a special tund will be assigned, totelly distinct trom the other loans, and which will torm each year two per cent of the nominal capital of the loan. This sinking ‘und, which will increase from the interests become disjosable by the redemption of ecrip, will be employed to buy up the scrip at the current rate (au cours) as long as it does net rise above its nomi- nal value, that is to say, above par. After 20 years, namely, dating from 1875, the government reserves to it~ self the right of paying the serip of this loan, which mas then bedn circulation, at the rate of its nominal value, [The orginel is signed by the proper hand of his Majea- ty the Fmperor,) ALEXANDER. St. Petersburg, Nov. 26, 1853. ‘Translation approved. NESSELRODE, Chancellor of the Empire, THE NEUTRALITY OF RUSSIA. (From the London ‘limes, Dec. 17. “ It is an ill wind,” soys the proverb, © that blows no- body any good;” and Prussia certainly is making a pretty thing of thewar. What contingent advantages the premises to herself when Russta shall become the ‘sek man" of European politics, when the Western Powers shail be too exhausted to inte:fere, and Austrix only tco ready to éivide the spcil, we do not happen to know; but the pecuniary harvest is already begun. What with the ecnveyanceof all kinds of Russian‘produce, be- sides sulphur and raltpetre, iron, lead, av: every thlag convenient for the destruction of Englishmen and French- men, all Prussia is as busy as a hive of and the railways, canals, and ports are choked with traffic. Memel Mus more than recovered from the late confla: gration. A new source of profit is now discovered to give the renticrs a turn. A subscription has been opened Berlin for the new Russivn loan, and the citizens, wh> but lutely bed work enough of their own, are now piusty and phil sophoeslly engaged in supplying the sinews o* war to their formidable neighbor. From all accounts i. would seem that, while most other countries are guifer- ing under a pecuniary pressuro, in Prussia :hey are rather slush ofmoney justion. Not only 4s the earrying trade very prosperous, but the price of bread and meat ts most remuterative tothe fortunate producers, Henee a s ight dilticul:y of investment, and the zar, who has found Prussia’ so glad to supply his arsenals, and relieve him from the pressure of our blockade, is now trespassing on her kindness for one ‘more favor in the shape of ubsstiptions to a joan. At Amsterdam, ic appears, a rubscrivtion is also opened, but there #t must be done under the rose. At Berlin there is no such reserve. No coubt, the best thing man can co there to prove his loyalty to hi- own Sovereign is to buy into the Russian loan, Nay, on on the princip’es of German indifference to a! questions of right, and to Mberty itself, Le isa denefactor to his ecuntry. By supplying the Czar with funds to carry on he war, he is helping also the traffic in Russian produce, rom vhich Prussia is now so Jarge a gainer. No doubt, the mcney must return into Prussia. as fast asit goes out, while the kruptey of Russia wou'd doub‘ess tell se verely ou many a Pruseian ledger. As to the strict legali y of the transRction, we presame that mu:t be lett to the lawy ers; and ifit be consistent with the law of nitions 0 upply Russia with sulphur, nitre, Jead, and fron, it migh be cifficult to make a case of war out of subscriptions to aloap, We may feel greatly and justly aggrieved that a pation which energetically interferes to prevent one of its citizens, or even one of its sojourners, if possible, from enlisting in the cause of Furopean indepencence, on the ground of neutrality, should nevertheless in open day rupply our enemy with all the materials of war end with money to buy them. Butacasus telli anda just griev- ance are two different things. The former is a state of effairs uncer which it becomes meanness not to declare war. We cannot say the present positiou of Prussia ita- peses upcn us the choice between war and dishonor; but this we do say, that if we could afford to add Prussia to the tide of the enemy, we should be quite justified in requiring Prussia to Cesist from helping tiat enemy, and, in the event of her obstinacy, declaring war against her, and blockading her Baltic ports. RUSSIA IN NORTHERN EUROPE—HER POWER AND ITS CURTAILMENT. [From the Lendon Times, Dec. 19. We have recently on several occasions drawn attention to the dangerous position which Russia occupies in the North of kurope. In proportion as the South is more effectually secured sgainst her arms the other obstacles which oppose themselves to the pent up torrent require to be strengihened. From the supineness of our War Minister, and poesibly from the jealousy of our diplo- matists, Russia bas obtained in tle capture of Kars an advantage which ought never to have been permitted to her, and the loss of which must be retrieved, at whatev r cost of menor money. We cannot permit the pow r which we ave so jealously excluded from the sea rood o Constantinople to obtain an ¢quivalent advantage |y Jand, and to turn the flank of our fleet bya marc through Asia Minor just when the last vessels of he eal ave dirappeared forever under the waters of 1 uxine. But, while vigilance has thus unaccountably slep! the south, we are happy to think that much greate- prudence and foresght have been exercised with refir ence to the plans of aggrandizement Russia has so ckerished in the north, While the White Sea and ihe cosets of that district of Lapland which belongs to Ruer: are excumbered with the ice befvre mid-autumn, # at portion of Norway which is within the Polar Circwe 1s, by @ curious caprice of nature, free from ice during tie whole cf the year, The immense depth of the log fiorés which cleave the coast of this wild is, doubtless, one cause of the phesomenon. fluence of the Gulf Stream, the waters of wh’ d> not wholly lore their tropical warmth al communicating to the western side of the Britis! isles @ temperature so perceptibly Le than that of the eastern, is undoubtedly another. Be the cause whit it may, iv happens that while Archangel is locked up for cight months of the year in thick rivbed ice, ana the ports of the Sea of Okkoteh are for the same period inow cersible, the town of Hammerfest, situased within tke Polar Circle, hae an open harbor all the year round, ard the inhabitants, instead of yielcing to the lazy influe: @ of an Arctic winter, employ the long night in fishing aca hunting. The harbors of this region arc, as we have said, enormous, them, the 1 ighty Compared wi bay’ of Sebastopal itself ia a paltry cteck ; + long barrier of reef islands protects) the nayigatla to the south, and a voyage—we are afraid o sny of bew few days—might transport a fl t from these vast harbors to the shores of the Britisn islanca. It is wonderful that Russia, while devoting such «normous expense to the formation oi an arsenal aud{ r- tress in the south, should have submitted so long to “# cooped up within the narrow and shallow waters of the Bsltic, and to suffer # blockade in which ice relieves the efforts of a hostile fleet. Of late years Russia has awoke to the full importance of this oversight: all that the moat dexterous intrigues, rhe most cautious enrroachments— all that threats and blandishments could effect, has been tried on the united kingdoms of Sweden and Norway toin dnee them to cede only so much apparently worthless ter- ritory af would bring Ruseia within reach of this strip of coast, A Gshing station on the Bay of Varanger wad all her modest desire, ‘The Bay of Varanger is forty milo long by six miles wide, and. protected by the Island of Skogeso, where a few batteries could boot dt numerous en- emy;_ It bas two outlets, is only fifty miles from the pre- tent Russian boundary, there is in depth from Ave to tean fathoms, it abounds in fish, and affords on its soutl evn side a secure anchcrage for any number of veaselr. 1, is easy to imagine how soon the mere fithing station wbich Russ'a so modestly demands would grow into a na- val station, the naval station into a fortified harbor, he fortified barbor into a fortross of the fst class, acd the fortress of the first class into a military and naval ar. seral, calculated to overawe Norway and to menace tho whores of Weaters Eaproe- ; ‘e bave great pleasure in announcing that all t) schemes of grasping ambition have, so far as human oe sight can effect it, been completely frustrated, and an im- passable barrier imposed between the aggresive designs of Russia and ker Jodgment on tke seaboard of the North Atlantic, which the has so ardently desired, A treaty fas Leen entered into between the Western Powers ant the united kingdoms of Sweden aod Norway, by which Sweden snd Norway undertake, om the one hand, ‘hat they will guarantee the Boandinavian king- deme their present boundaries, and neither permit Turela to encroach upon them to the North, nor to seize, on it is very probable sho might wish to co, the Jarge and impcrtaat (sland of Gothiand, Thus, it ray be boped we have sucoaeded in drawing a line bo- ‘ord whieh @assian ambition shall not penetrate, and tretting at leet pat apes and constant encroachment which bas been for the Jast hundred yoars obliterating vince after province from the map of Europe, and Ceavering them from the demain of civilization and ess to that of brutal tyranny and retrograde dar- Insuch ni cm as these, bared on the strong foundation neal Erin, and entered into for the clear and well de purpose of tomer) an end theroughly understood by both parties, we can place cevtidence, becau'e ‘hey are founded on mutual under- nding of the common interest, rnd the de:ermination to preserve that interest whole and inviolate, How diffe- rent are such leagues from those to which we have been lately accustomed, where a hollow proposition has beea put forward without sincerity or earsestness, only for the purpose of being rejected, and only with the pros- pect of belong. forward something that may occapy tor a moment igor bot ag oe a We iow not whether 0) may up by any Inove extensive farm of allienco, whether It EA deemed advisable by the Western and the Scandinavian States to unite in arms against the common enemy, and seek to terminate the war by ove great and concentrated effort on the fortifications of Constradt and St. Peters- purg—of this we know nothing; but, at any rate, much has geined by ee these States to assume @ firm and +elGrespecting attitude towards Russia, and by placing what we may firmly hope, is wn insurmountable ‘obstacle between that uggré:sive government and the ob- ject of tte fondest desire—an access *o the Atlantic ocean never closed by ice, avd within a few days’ sail of the shores of France, d, and Germany. INTERESTING FROM ST. PETERSBURG--THE PEOPLE AND THEIR RULERS. The following letter had been received in Paris from *t. Petersburg, under date Dec. 6:— The police is so active here that it is difficult and ‘Yen dargerous to wiite anything, and each time I take up my pen Ido -o in fear and trembling, and am only tranquli when 1 know thot my letter is tairly over the frontier. You can bardly imagine the condition in whica St. Petersburg is. Sorrow or dismay is depicted on every countenance. Distress and misery are every- where. The government does its best to force the nob!es to be generous, to give fétes and balis— but money is wartirg. The theatres aie open; tke Italian opera has resued its performances—and this may be raiito be the only pleasure we now have here. The city has al- ways had a military aspect; but now, more than ever, It has the appearance of a camp. The taking of ‘Sebastopol fell on this” population of Moujiks like a clap of thunder, and the defeat of Mouravieil before Kars exaeperated every one. These are facts which cannot be kept secret, and which destroy wany illusions. It is only now’ poople begin to think that Rnssian armies are not always invin- cible, nor always victorious, and the peasants cannot re- cover from their astonishment. I beard this merniog an anecdote which wi 1 tell you more of the state of affairs than the government dare ly avow to themselves. One of the prinsipal seigneurs of Moscow has a great number of domestics, all from his own villages. whom he transformed from slaves into servants. Among them there are tCree whose occupation during the winter is to keep the stoves hot; they are only occupied a tew hours each day, frcm 6 to 11 in the morning, after which they go to sleep, or pass the day drinking tea and amusing themselves. About a fortnight since these three ser- vants, thorough Russisn peasants, believing themselves alone im the dark room where they have their bels, be- gan to talk about the affairs of the Crimea. One of them said to his companions—“Ah, you see, brute, how curious it would be to see the French come as far as Mos- cow. ws they 6id the year of the Kremlin (the burning of Moscow); they would give us all our freedom. Look at the French whe ate here; they are not slaves they bave no want of passports,{and theyfhave no seig- neure, as bere, who bave the right to punish them with stripes.’ ‘Yes,’ the other replied, ‘if they only wanted ‘a blow of a hatchet to open to them the gates of Mos- cow, mine is sharp and I should not tail to let it fall three times on the barrier to break it.’ These and similar re- marks were cverheard by the Intendant who was in an adjoinirg room and who reported them to his master. He, like a good Muscovite Boyard, went and made his de- claratiin to the hief of Police of his quarter. The three stove warmers were ar‘ested, and without any form of tnial received each 150 stripes. The fact soon came to the knowledge of the government, ana the master, who considered that he had sufficiently punished the poor wretches, saw them taken off and sent to Siberia. iam informed that a considerable number of pea- d even of employés, have been sent to the banks enirei for having dared to give an opinion on these matt Every manitestation, whether for or against the State, is here acrime. No one has the right to pexpress his joy without the permission of the autho- rities. ‘All the employés of the Crown, to whatever Ministry they are attached, have received orders not to accept an invitation from any Ambassador, or Secretary, or attaché to an Embassy without the previous permission of his chief or Minister. It is even not always safe for a Rus. sian to sccost, in the public walke, a stranger who may be known to him, to exchange a few words with him, to accept asegar, &c. Ifthe meciing takes place outside the city the police is still more on its guard, No one dares to munitest the smallest sentiment of joy or plea- sure, whatever be the happy event that may take place iu bis familp, for fear the police may regard it as the proof of a contpiracy against the State. ‘The winter is already very severe, and the river covered here and there with pieces of ice; but the zigor of the sea- son does not diminish the embankments and other works in course of construction along the shore of the Baltic, from Oranienbaom to Riga—indeed, at every spot where a lacdirgis possible. The populations in this direction are overwhelmed with lxbor. In Finland itself nothing isdone. It is found that the soil is tco cifficult, tuo abrubt, to rocky, and that the obstacles are almost io- svimountable, or ere extremely difficult to b# cvereome; and, mcreover, the passages in the environs of Wiborg are well defenced. The canals and rivers of the empire are covercd with boats Inden with materials from the Ural, end proceediog to sll points at ence. It is said that, owirg to a frightful tempest in the Lower Volza, five lage boats sank at the same moment, from their Deing tied together. The whole of the population able to werk in the environs of fzsritzin have been employed in trying to recover the materials with whieh they were laden, and with the cold that prevails at present it is protable that as many men will be los: in the work as would have been suflicient to defend them against the enemy. There is a great scarcity of flints, A contract had been made wiih a Vienda firm, which, in consequence of the prohibition of the Austrian government, has not been able to send them hither. A premium has been offered to any one who will discover flint, or the means of manufacturing it. An Amer house, it is said, took up the affair, and engaged to supply the Russian army with the ma‘erial, by sending it through France; but the French government has also stopped it, so that the Russian government is on the point of seeing ita armies with flintless muskets. The percussion musket is by no means gene:al here. There was only tnffizient for the army in active operations, and the manufactories of Tula, Nlatoust and 8. Petersburg are hardly able to supply the lors of each day. Three engineers have been sent in all baste to the Caucasns to look for flint, sulphur and lead, anc, in fact, to turn to acsount everything they may find. The state of Prince Paskiewitsch has roused every one; his place is even contended for. It is not thought that the regency of Poland will be ven to the Grand Duke Constantine, as his name, his character, and hia very figure recall too forcibly his unele, of rad and savage memory. Poland will probably te administered by a civil und military Governor, who will both depend on St. Petersburg, Just as all the other Governors of she empire, and after the war Prince Gorts- chakoff will succeed the Prince of Warsaw with the same powers, But you may be certain that Constentine will not quit St. Petersburg. Public prayers will, it is said, be soon offered up in all the churches to implore Heaven to be more propitious to the Russian arms. New modi- fications are announced in the army, as also cert.1a changes among the generals, I forgot to mention in its qworer place that one of the engineers of whom I have Fpoken is to stop some tim ‘aurida, in order to grtater activity to the coal mines recently disco in the ueighborhocd of Ekatermoslaff, on the banks of the D. EMANCIPATION OF THE SERFS OF RUSSI!§ : [From the London News, Dec. 19.] We are sorry to hear it rumored that the Russian govérnmert is about to emanzipate the serfs not only of the crown, but of the whole empire. We say we are sorry to ree the anvouncement. No one will suppose that we should be sorry to witness the emancipation of bondsmen in any country on the globe. We believe, too, that, owing to the peculiarities of Russia and its serf system, emancipation might be effected there, in ordinary times and amidst good will all round, more easily than in per- haps any ctler country. But it is quite certain that this emancipation cannot ‘take place in # time of political crinis; nor, especially, at a time of military activity. At the same time tidings of liberty. actual or proposed, fly so miraculously fast, and so infailibly reach hoes whoare most interested in the matter, that it will be an occasion of ceep regret i the news of the Czas spreads abroad unac- companied by remarka which must prevent the serfs en- ter tuiping any ill-grounded hopes. Dwellers in a land of law, and in the presence of a press, can have no concep- tion of the wildness of hope and fear which exists among the subjects of a pure despotism, In the happier order of sceieties. men ean wait for good, and have patience in their hoper, as well as in endurance. In Russia it is not ndtome of the most hellish scenes that have ever been witneesed on earth have followed upon rumors like the present—that the Emperor was inclined to emanci- te, and some of the nobles were in harmony with the imperial will. Few who ever heard it can forget the story of what happened near the banks of the Volga, on the late Czar’s words bein, yee among the serfs, A depu' ighe tion of serfs of the at order had obtained access Czar, ond had laid a case of grievance before him. In his reply, he simply declared that he bore their lot in mind, ond had sympathy with them. Tha words flew on the west wind, and they gathered significanse as they went; co that the serfs on weveral estates believed that it won the Czar’s pleasure that they should release them- relves. They did it by artes alive and cutting limb from limb their overseers and the families ot their own ers. The sffair was hushed up; but enough of it became known-to serve as a warning to the Czas and, everyother paper, not to make any suchfonnouncement without full warranty; and not at all without comments of the strongest precautionary character. For our yart, Lelieving that slavery will everywhere come to an end as barbariem, disappears before civiliza- tion, we bave no doubt that freed:m is in re for Russians a8 for everybody else. Moreover, we belieys that the transition to freedom would be found easier io Rusia when the purpose was once clearly formed, than cleewhere. The abundance of tertile land, the smallness of the populatién, the peculiar character of the petter orders of Kussian serfs, their ae mode of main- the tenance, and some other conditions of their ife,fare favorable to the change which a series of Czarw have The endo derired without eee accomplished, ment of every verf with « bit of land and a house is « sort of preparation, and so i the working of the olrok system; and again, the tendeney of the Russian peasantry ia to the very’ reverse of vagabondage and squatting. Nothing breaks their hearts so certainly as gee removal from the tombs of their fatters. jar readers will remember the story of the beneficent Princess who created a vil not far from st. Pe- tersburg, to which she brought @ villagefal of go-d neighbors, placing them in good houses, and providing for their comfort. She used to relate that the fathers died prematurely of griet for their separation from their household graves, and that the young people who could remember the graves would never be eatisfied; so that it would take # third generation, hac) in iy of parent” ‘temps; to make her prosperous village » happy empire, vader all the serts in pean woe Sate clrotns a the peror well knows; bot he also “knows that such a war as the preseat is no or- dinagy circumstance, and that he would catch no more soloiers while there are woods and wastes to which aa emancipated population could flee by day or night. To 0 ay roldiers is to leave their fathers’ graves for ever. fo fly trom the conscription is to rum asay wich some nope of return. ‘Ibe constitution of the = is such as to render immediate emancipation abeolately impracticable. It is the lower. order who form the bulk of the army; for the higher are found there while they can raise means to send a substi- tute. even by binding themselves to adoudle servitude for a score i baa The whole army consists of the lowest serfs ¢ men least valuable at home), end no- bles, with a few foreignersas commanders. The law in the camp ard on the march, as indeed taroughout the country, is that of the cudgel. The sovereignty is, se ‘Talleyraxd said, a despotism limited by § and the nationa) condition is one of lawiesuness (mere custom) himited by the cudgel. ‘The other element—sub- jece neither to bowtring nor cudgel—that of the nobles, is the one which virtually governs the emapire; and it is precise sy the cne which will not permi: the emancipation «fthe serfs, This is not mere political speculation, but historical fact. . It is among the nobles that the mslancholy proverb abides, ‘A beaten man is worth two who never felt the stick.”? It is the nobles wno have altered the very lan- uage which they themselves use—not only the Russ, ut the French or German—te denote the im bie #e- araiion between them and their serfs, so that a noble may not be said to sleep, or ewt, or to walk, because serti can do the same. The noble ‘‘is pleasead to repose him- relf” every night; “is pleased to refreab himself,” at the dinver table; “is pleased to take exercise,” when he waiks; ané +0 on. It is the nobles who have given to the Cxecutioner the title of ‘officer of nigh duty.”” It is the pobles who bave driven the serfs to have proverbs of their own—su:h as that most touching one, “God is tco bigh, and the Emperor 1s too far,” and agai A bird’ in a coge is very well, bub a dird on the bough is better.” While God is high aud the Czar is far away, the nobles are ever at hand; and it is they who, as a class, do not choose to entertain the pro- ject of emancipation, and always contrive to neutralise ‘every imperial effort’in that direction. I¢ there is any rumor abroad of any trial by jury in other countries, it is the nobles who tke care that the term shall not be understocd; and they attach it to the infamous brandy tellers (usualiy Jews) who have kisied the cross in re- ard to the quality of their article, and are beanded as Being jurés 'Waed one of the Czars shrank st the men- tion of the separation of s family, and ordered that the “retail sale” of serfs might never be heard of again, it the nobles who concluded that it could not always 4 agreed to suit their own convenience ra back. When Catherine command. f the word slave from the language, the nobles caught eagerly at the new moce of disguise, eir set of useful | phrases those of depen: t, children, and even Christians. When Alexander started at a notice of ‘‘A man for sale,’ and ordered that human beings +hould never more be spoken of as marketable articles, it was the nobles who supported the Imperial command, and ga¥ out more dilligeatly than ever, they had ‘ ceded’? so many slaves on auch an oc- casion, or that they had “ ready for final hire”? a coach- tan, cook, or lot cf peasants. There have been worse things that these vain shows in words. ‘The nobles were always uneasy about the soft heart of their Czar Alexander. Though they were amused at his zeal against negro slavery when he had William Allen at his elbow et Vienza, and saw that nothing could come of it while he had an empire full of slaves at home, they were put on the wateh by this spirit of philaathrophy, They heard of his visit one cay at a lady’s house in his own capital, where he became #0 excited by the convertation on the subject of slavery, that he seized a saint’s image, and swore on it that he would abolish the institution; and they took their part against the arrival of the hour of danger. That hour was brought on by Alexander’s chiet subject—the man ot the best re- utation in his empire—the present Prince Woronzoff. in conjunction with another noble of kindred mind; Prince Woronzoff framed a scheme for emancipatioa; and, knowing that the only hope was in early obtaining im, perial favor, laid the plan betore the Czar, with names appended from among the highest nobles in various pro- vinces. togetber with some who were less rich, but honor- ed on other scores. ‘The Czar was so well pleased that there seemed to be dunger of the enterprise being sctually entered on uncer the favorable conditions of a time of peace. The secret opponents of the scheme set to work to fil? their Sovereign’s mind with suspic.ons of conceale3 politi- cal intenticns, and pointed out the names of two persons who were accused cf holding “liberal ideas.’? This was fatal, At the next in‘erview Alexander was cold, and inguired, ‘Why should you unite ? You live in different provinces. Why cannot you act separatcly ia the spirit at thia en! terprise ?. I will permit no organization.” So there was an enc of the hope tor that time. . Alexander permitted the gradual emancipation of the serts of his three German proviaces; and tae achieve- ment is itself a proof that the nobles who were not Gez- man saw no depger to themeelves ia the procedure. The two cases were more widely different than we have space to show, and the emancijation has goue no further. If such was the case during a long peace, when all influ. ences were as lavorable as could be to the change, it is manifestly absurd to talk of it at a moment like the pre- sent, when the dearth cf men and of money for the pro- secution of the war is the world’s talk. The army could neither be recrui‘ed, kept together nor governed if the liberty of rovirg were at ouce given to the population at. tached to the soil. Aod great is the thoughtlersness aud cruelty of com- mitting to rumor such tidings as night now, ‘under the : xisting drain of the yeasantry, and the consequent ‘ex- speration of their usual miseries, occasion such social xarchy in Russia, at the worst enemies of Russia would rieve to bear of. If we could reach (as rawor is apt to +0) the Russian gerf, we would tell hia to bide his time; hat his posterity will assuredly be free, sooner or later; Lut that the ruling powers can have no such intenti mn at }resent. If be wasa patriot we might encourage him to rebel; but as he bas no idea of law or order beyond the cudgel, we could councel Lim only to hope and patience. We woula not be answerable for what experience has thown to be the alternative. Death of Colonel Stbthorp, M. P. {From the London Times, Nov. 17.] It is our painful duty to announce the decease of the well known Colonel sibthorp, member for Lincoln, The name of the gallant Colone! has long heea a household word as the embodiment of honest but unreasoning tory prejudice; down, to the very last he showed hinself a podsictan of schovs of Lord Eldon and the late Jake of Neweasile, whom he thoroughly revered, and conrequently, im these days of divided parties and alle- giance, he found himself as frequently opposed to the great conservative party as the late Frederick Lucas to his liberal allies. The deceased gentleman was deseendéd from an ancient family settled upwards of « century and a-balf at Canwick-bail, near Lincoln, many of whose rember from time to time have represeuted that city in Pariiament. His father, the late Mr. Hum- yhrey Waldo Sibthrop, sat for several years at the cominencement of the present century. His son, Charles Delaet Waldo Sipthorp, was first elected in the high tory interest in 1826, and with the exception of the brief Parliament of 1833-4, chosen under the excitement consequent upon the pasting of the Reform bill, he con- tinued to Ye Lincoln to the day of his death. The Colcnel’s influence was great among the registered elec- tors, upwards of 1,/00 in number, consisting of freemen, resident and non-re-ident; but it did not extend so far ag to be able often secure the second seat for @ tory friend, the predilections of the constituency being rather perronal towards himself than bared on any political groun Thus, althcugh Colonei Sipthorp could gene- tally reckon on the si or of some 600 voters, and in consequence was usually returned at the head of tae poll, in 1885 and 1837 he was unable to prevent the thea radical Sir Ecward Lytton Bulwer from being chosen as his collesgue. while in 1847 Mr. Charles Secly and in 1818 Mr, Thomas Hobhouse were elected against candi- dates, snd Mr. G. F. Heneage secured the second seat at the general election in 185%. Once, and onee only, did the ga)lant Colonel's good fortune fail him, and that was, as we have said, in 1833, when a majority of 88 dis bin to make oem for Sie EL. Bulwer, afi oneal lonel was born, we telieve, in 1782, andin 1813 Maria, davghier of the inte Mr. Ponsonby sig many years M. P., for the borough of Fethard, é ean Bouse or Oouhocnm, aril tot okte hagaietor tie several children. His brothea, the Rev. H. Waldo Sib- thorp, late Fellow of Mogdalen’ College, Oxtord, becaine a Roman Catholic some few years since, but soon after- wards returned to the English church. Colonel sibthorp was for many years a magistrate and deputy lieutenant for the county of Lincoln, and in 1862 was gazetted to the Colonelcy of the South Lineolushire militia. He strenu- onsly and consistently opposed in all their stoges Catho. lic emancipation, the Reform bill, and the abolition of Jewish disabilities, and was one of the minority of 63 who censured tree trade when Lord Derby was in office in No- vember, 1652, Death of Samuel Rogers, the Poct. From the London Times, Dec. 19.) bi The death of a man who had attained to such length of days as Samuel Rogers would in itself be a somewhat re. markable occurrence; but when it is considered that the case ix not ove of insignificant longevity—that the man of whom we are speaking was for the greater portion of a century the companion and intimate friend of all the most remarkable men in Europe—such an event as his disappearance from the scence capnot be passed over entirely without comment. It would be unfair, how- ever, 10 bis memory to consider him merely ns the friend of men distinguished in every branch of human achievo- ment and human attainment; he had in his own person ottained considerable distinction in vatious ways. As a. peet his rame will continue to oscupy an eminent Hlace upon the catalogue of classical English writers—. 18 a, literary critic, (a4 a judiclous eonnoinseur in ar and more especially in painting, few men have 5 ‘or half a century, too, his house was society, and the chlet pride of Mr. igers Jay not so much in gathering round his tablemen who bad already achieved eminence.as in stretching forth helping hand to friendlers merit. Wherever he discerned ability end power in a youth new to the turmoils and struggles of London life, tt was his delight to intr duce his young client to thore whom he might one day hope toequal. The courtesy and consideration of the hort foon drew forth the same qualities ia his guests, Many a man now pee} can remember that on a Saturday night he went to bed an unknown lsd thinking of the celebrated men of his time as. person thinks who has only read about them, and on Suncay walked home from the hospitable house of Mr_Togers encouraged to persevere in_ his task by the hearty gooi wishes and fricndly sympathy of those who. had heretofore appeared to him almost as inhabitants of another world. Great injustice indeed should we do to the memory cf Saunuel Rogers, if in the few remarks we venture to offer pen his cheracter we did not give the lace to his boundless and unassuming charity, of his unvarying kindness to literary men at the out- set of their career was but a single form, Were this the proper place to recount histories of this kind, we could tell many @ tale of forlorn and well-nigh hopeless wretchedness relieved by his hand, was not necestary with him, as with costive philanthropists, that misery should have what is called a * ctaing vpon hit, in order to bring him to the gartet where it lay pining, He had seen mention of it in the Police reports, or in the pubjic journals—Se had heard it spoken of at the dinner table of @ friend. No remark Sseued frome bis lips at the time; he heard it qs though ho “