The New York Herald Newspaper, December 26, 1855, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1855. ‘Vienna, as Minister Penipotentiary of England to a Peace Deaference. %.—Lerd Palmerston announced apother “ erisis” in British ministry, owing to the withdrawal of Sir rabam, Mr. Gladstone, and Herbert (Peel- Cabinet. A division of cavalry, sh across Egypt to the Crimea, arrived at Russian redoubts before Sebastopol were Freneh, but owing to the Russ'an fire to abandon them with a loss of one hundred and three hundred wounded. advanced redoubt of the Russians, from ‘they enfiladed the French camp, was taken with Joss of life on both sides. DAY, 25.—Lord John Russell had an andience of of Belgium. 28,—Kapoleon arrived at the camp o/Saint Omer, MAROE. 3.—Allied fire, which had ceased, re-opened om Sebas- dopel. Mr. Reebuck’s war committee summoned the Duke of Newcastle as a witness, News received in Ber- Mm of the sertous illness of the Emperor of Russia, and Lerd Jobn Russell, who had just arrived there, telegraph. ed the fact to London. 2—Lerds Clarendon and Palmerston announced the @eath of the Czarjtoboth Dranches of the English Legiala- vane, Vigorous prosecution of the seige of Sebastopol exdered by the aliied powery. On this day, a few hours #fer the death of his father, the Czarowiteh proclaimed hie assumption of the throne under the name of Alezaoder NM, Nicolaiewitch, and received the homage of the dignita- vies of the realm. Alexander immediately issued a war- Me manifesto, saying : As the evoted himself incessantly to the w of his ta, 80 do we also, 7 the thrones of Russia and of Poland and of Finland, inseparadje from each other, take a solemn eath pafore God to regard the welfare of ‘our empire as our object. May Providence, which has selected us for #0 scaling, be our guide and protector, that we may maintain Russia on the highest standard of power and , and in our person accomplish the incessant wishes and views of Peter, of Catharine, of Alexander, and of our Sather. May the zeal of our subjects assist us therein. ‘B.—Napoleon was much pdissatisfied with the publica in London, of the testimony taken before the Roe- ‘War Committee, and threatened rupture of the dinglo-French alliance. Lord Clarendon went to Bolougne ‘$0 explain to the Emperor. The garrison ef St. Peters- Wurg swore allegiance to Alexander, who addressed the Russian army in a manifesto. Sunpay, 4 —The Czar accepted the resignation of Prince Menrchikoff as Commander-in-Chief of the Crimean army. Berd John Russell arrived fa Vieans. 6.—Prince Gortschaxofi’s ecmmission as minister of Buseia at the Vienna Peace Conference was confirmed by Alexander. 7.—General Von Weddell, of Prussia, left Berlin for Paris, on a high diplomatic mission to Napoleon from the ‘ing. Alexander assured the Russian nobles that the war potiey of his father would be pursued by him. $.— British war ehips Viper and Leopard. operating on fhe Asiatic coast with the Circassians, destroyed the mar- telo towerand barracks of Djimitera, which the Russians hhad reeently built. Soujat Kale was sheiled. The Holy ®ynod of Russia called on the people to arm. ‘Sunday, 11 i med at Krajova, fm the Danubdisn Princ ies, were driven from the town by the natives, owing to the fact that an Austrian ‘fleer insulted a native lady, and afterw: shot her band. In this riot many persons were kfled. 12.—The Shah of Persia eeh declared his sympath; Se amis in the war, end Ate. Murray, Tnglai ceased, Soft Ba, for Teheran. 13.—Levy of Russian troops all over Russian Poland. Eesen. fire opened on the allies from the heights of Ba- lava. Skender Bey advanced from Eupatoria with the ‘Parkish praetor but was repulsed by the Russians with much lors and he'himself severely wounded. 1.—Peace Conference of Vienna was formally opened and inavgurated. The plenipotentiaries present were:— Fer Ausizia, Count Buol and Baron de Proxesch von Osten. For England, Lord John Russell and Lord Westmoreiend, For Frence, Baron de Bourqueney, For Turkey. Arif Effendi and Riza'Bey. For Russia, Prince Gortschakoff and M. de Titoff, Whales the people were swearing allegiance to Alexan- @er, in Warsaw, the great bell of the cathedral fell dowa and killed one hundred of them. Before Sebastopol the Freneh bad connected their lines at inkermann with the British right by parallels, the advanced one passing in front of the Mamelon hill and at less than 500 yards from $._ In front of this parallel were the Russian rifle pits, ‘16.—Prusria retused to join the treaty of the Western alties, and General Von Weddell’s mission to Paris failed. 17.—Rursian rifle pits were taken by the French. BE sift, ree! ef tay ‘The Vienna Conference on the first of the ‘Four Points” of peace rant In the Aide Menoire of fhe allies it ran thus:—Their governments, being of ac- eord that it is necessary to abolish the exclusive protec- torate exercised by Russia over Moldavia, Waliachia and Servis, and tp future to place under the’ callective guar- antee of the five Powers the privileges secured by the Sul- tans te those provinces, as dependencies of their empire, have agreed and do agree, that none of the former trea- Mes between Rusia and the Porte bearing reference to the saia provinces can be in force when peace is concluded, and t the arrangements to be made in respect to them shall ultimately be such as to be in full and entire ac- eerdance with the rightaof the suzerain power, with those of the three Principalities, and with the general in- teresta of Europe. The Russian interpretation was:— Abolition of the exclusive protectorate of Russia in Mol- @avia and Wallachia, the privileges recognized to those rovinces by the Sultan being placed under the guaran- Troe of the “Ave Powers. Severe action between the i tvended with mucl tacked the new Rus Goubts at Sebastopol, but were repulsed, having a great many men killed. SUNDAY, 18.—Sebastopcl was bombarded by the French for reveral ho 20.—aptain Watson, R. N., sailed from Spithead, (Eng.,) with the first instalment of the ‘flying squadron” of the Baltic fleet. It consisted of seven vessel, with two hun- @red and fourteen guns. Prince Gortechakoff, the new sommander ofthe Kuseian Crimean army, arrived in Se- Bastopol. 22,—A Russian sortie from Sebastopol,in great strength, was repuled, and they lost over three hundred men. 23.—Russian attack on the entire allicd lime renewed Defore daybreak, but they were driven back with a lows ef one thousand two hundred men. The British lost six hundred men, amongst whom were Hou. Cavendish Browne, Colonel Kelly, Captain Vicars and Lieutenant Jordan, who were immediately killed, The French lost Yhree hundred and fifty men, and had Colonels Dumas and Barrow (distinguished officers, killed. 2%.— Vienna Conference to the “Second Point’ ef the propositions, the allies reading it thus:—In order fo give to the free navigation of the Damube ail the de- eae of whe Ad is capadle, it would be proper le) that the Lower Danube, beginning from the fermt et wiiel it becomes common to the two States bor- ‘on it,sbould no longer be subjected to the territorial jurisdiction which exists in virtue of the Third article of ‘the Treaty of Adrianople. At ail events, the free mavigati in ef the Danube would not be secured unless it should be under the control of # “eyndical’” authority in- ‘Vested with the necessary powers for destroying the ob- stacles now existing at the mouths of the river, or such as may subsequently be formed there. The Russian reading was:—F ee navigation of the Danube, according $0 the principles established by the acts of the Congress jenna, in the article on Fluvial Communications. Centro! of a mixed commission, which would be favested with the necessary powers to destroy the obstacles exist- ing at its mouths, or whioh might at a later pitied be formed there. Consuls-General of France and England reboisted their flags in Bucharest. 16.—Sixth session of the Vienna Conference met, when 8B action was suspended, owing to difficulties arieing on ‘the consideration of the third point, which was read by the allied powers as follows :—if the treaty of saly 13, 7841, undergo @ revision, with the sanction of all the eontracting parties, for the betier se-catabiishment of ‘the balance of power in Europe, and for the purpose of yestricting the power of Russia in the Black Sea. The Russian reading. ‘by the Plenipo entiary, was :—Revision bf the treaty of July 18. 1841, to attach more completely the existence of the Ottoman empire to the balance of . 1 do mot refuse to come to an understanding, in forma) conference for peace, on the means which the ‘three Courts may Leet -o to age an end to what they cal tthe preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea, on condi- técn that, in the chotce of those means, there be not one ef a nature to infringe upon the rights of sovereignty of en gust master on his own territory (chez lui). wr doe neftiations were suspended, all the Ministersapphed to their so reigns for further instructions. Pclish treasury ordered to effect an army rrent ¢xpensea, ¢ ships of the British Baltic squadron sailed 30.—lords Lansdowne, Clarendon and Palmerston, with M. Drouyn de l’Huys, of Fr oe, held a | confer- ence in Londen, on the Third Point dhe ‘he con- ference entered on & consideration of arth Point, in Vieona, but it was not diseussed, owing w the waat ef union on the Third. APRIL. Sexpsy, 1.—The Russians establ. Baidar. Borpat, 6.—Ninth session of the Vienna Conference, and an adjournment sine die voted. Russian prize ship Sitka, from Petropaulowski, arrived is England, 9.—Five bundred and thirty guns of the largest cali- bre opened fire from the allied batteries on Sebastopol. The dombardment was most terrific, and the weather sleety, rainy and hazy by turns. Before the city lay the Meets of France and Englasd, in battle array. 13,—Severe engagement between the Russian and al- Jed troops before Sebastopol. It was undecisive, and the Jere of men very great, but not stated, 17.—Cholera broke out and raged fiercely n the French Grimean camp, disabling over itty men a day. Vienna Conference met unex ly, when the plenipotentiaries of Russia informed the Conference that they had received ‘instractions from their government to take the {nitiative im any prepositions, but they were ready to discuss any tion which might come from the other site, ropanlowski was ¢vacuated by the Russians, who sailed or the Amour river (Chins) in two war and two mer- ee tat 19.— Baltic por s again blockaded by the all /8 army made a reconsoisance from Balaklava. plonipoteatiarien of France aud Great Britain, «upported ry ey of Austria, laid their propositions Defore Conference of Vienna. The Rursian plenipo- ‘tentiaries requested to have forty-eight hours to consider their anawer. 21.—Vienna Conference finally dissolved, ae the Rus- wian Ministers laid their answer before the conference, totally rejecting the propositions which had been made. ‘They said, however, on the other hand, that they had to offer other propositions on the part of their goyernruent, whieh, a8 thoy conceived, would be in accordance with the ceman‘is, that Turkey should be united more closely with the balance of power in Europe, and that an ead should be put to the preponderance of Ruswia in the Black Fea. The plenipotenuaries of Austria, France and Great Britain found these pregens entirely unaccept- dle, and refused to consider them in detail. Another Beitish squadron sailed from Honolulu for Petropaulowski 23.—Lord Jobn Russell lefs Viens WU—Kogiieh traneport Croeus lef Genos with a de 4 themerlves im tachment of the Sardinian Orimean army, but was imme- dately burned and eight men lost. = De Redeliffe left Constantinople for the imea. 26.—Grand review of the French army at Sebastopol, and the men tcld by General Canrobert that they vhonld enter ae oom ‘the door or the window.’ Sunpay, 29.—Lord reported the discontinuance ot the bombardment of Sebastopol to London. 20.—Lord John Russell explained his official conduct in Vienna in Parliament. ‘as 1,—Severe engagement at Sebastopol. The French took revera) Russian rife pite, eight light mortars, and two hundred prisoners. About two hundred and thirty men were killed on all sides. 2.—The allies took some important works of counter approach before Sebastopol, after a fierce engagement, in which some one hundred and sixty men were killed. 3.—Desperate struggle of the Russians to retake these works and their defeat. General Canrobert resigned the aoe rove of the French army to General (now Marshal) issier, hetbe Reagiane bad not @ man or gun outside of Se- topol. 10 Two severe Russian sorties from Sebastopol, made on the right advance trench of the allies, were repuined. The musket and bayonet were used foran hour and a half, when the Russians retired under cover of their batteries. ‘The city and allied batteries then kept up a hot fire for two hours longer. ‘The lose considerable on both sides, supposed to amount to four hundsed kil‘ed. TP eAnother desperate Russian attack defeated by the allies, with a loss of one hundred an@ ten kil and wounded. 12,--Duripg a severe storm of rain and the darkness of night, the Russians made another sortie against the allied left attack, ebarging clear up to the British trench- es, and some of them leaping over the para; were bayonetted. They fought most desperately. The rain having damaged their ammunition, they attacked with rockets, The British lost a captain and over a hundred killed and wounded, and the Russians had over af eal dred men hors de combat. Prusria and Austria had to maintain an armed neutrality during the war. 15,—-Eight war vessels of England France arrived at Petropaulowski, (Russian America,) but found the PJace deserved by the Russian garrison. 16.—Count Buol, of Aus! ited another meet. ipg of tho Vienna Conferen€e to Lord Westmoreland. Fortifications of Petropaulowski. destroyed by the allies; but one citizen of the United States, with two French- men, bad pessesaion of the place. 19—The allied army completed its fourth parallel to- wards Sebastopol. Of English, French, Tarke and Sar- dinians, there were two hundred thousand men operating in the Crimea. The Russians declared all the fortifi harbors of Finlan & state of siege. SUNDAY, £0.--British war ships of the Chins squadron sighted the Russian Pacific feet in the Gult of Tartary. ‘The Russian vessels, six in number, and supposed to be the Aurora, fity guns; Admiral Pontiatine, steamer ‘Von. tock, storeship Menschikoff, two corvettes, and a an- tine, were at anchor in De Castris Bay, lat 50.30, and, although so superior in force, could not be brought to ac- tion. Long shots were ineffectually exchanged, and Com- modore Filiott then despatched the Bittern to Hakadadi for reinforcements. When she arrived there, Admiral Stirling bent sails and proceeded northward, waiting at the straits of La Perouse, where he was joined by the hip Spartan. Thirty di elay before they reached De Castris Bay, and meanwhile the Russians had made their escape during a heavy fog, and were no where tobe found. It was supposed they passed up to the Fr deep but narrow channel not marked on the 5 a. 2 .—French Baltic fleet sailed from Kiel to join the Bri- tish squadron. Grazd war councils of the allied comman- ders held near Sebastopol, at which Generals Canrobert, Pelissier, Besquet, Lord Raglan, Omer Pasha, B-own, Della, Marmora and Adairals Bruat and Lyons were pre- sent. 23.—The French fought a severe battle with the Rus. sians before Sebastopol. The Russians had formed be- tween the central bastion and the sea, a large place @armée, where they proposed aseembling considerable forces to make important sorties. In the night the French attacked those works, which were defended by nearly the entire garrison. The combat was fierce, and lasted during nearly the whole night. The Freneh’car- ried and oceupied half the works. ‘The Freneb had 1,600 killed and wounded, and the Russians (whose losses were montly caused by the French field pieces) were sup- pored to bave lost 6,000 men, Count Walewski, French Minis‘ er for Foreign Affairs, addressed French ambaswa- Cors abroad on the subject of the Russian version of the Vienna Conference. 24-—The French carried the remaining half of the Russian place d’armée, near Sebastopol, afier a fierce struggle, in which the Rassians lost 2,500 men and the Frensh about 2,360. Prince Gortscbakoff ’s report was: Seventeen’ battalions of the enemy, with reserves, attacked our trench of coun ter approach, commenced the day before, in tront of bas- tions Nox. 5 andg6. Thecombst was sanguinary, and lasted during the whole of the night. Our twelve bat- talions lost nearly 2,600 men in driving back the enemy. 26.—The French army took possession of the lines of the Tcheraypa with thirty-five thousand men, and estab- lished a camp at Tchargoun. Fifteen steamers of the al- Ved squadrep, under the command of General Sir Geor; Brown, having entered the Scraits of Kertch, landed 1 soldiers on the coast. The troops ascended the heights, and the steamers went up to Kertch, near to which place they blew up a large Kassian factory. The Russian garrison in Kertch fled at the approach cf the squadron, first blowing up the magazines and destroying the stores, consisting of 160,000 sacks of oate, 360,000 sacks of corn; and 100,000 of four. The allies proceeded to Yenika! which was garrisoned. The war steamers captured ai destroyed some 250 vessels, laden with grain, supposed to be the supplies of the Sebastopol garrison. Suxpay, 27.—The allied squadron went from Kertch to Berdiausk, where the Russians burned four war steamers and large stores of corn. 28.—Russian forts of Arabat blown up by the allied steamere, which thus had contro) of the of Axofl. In three days the sruixers bad destroyed one hundred and sixty Russian trading vessels, and taken one hundred guns, leaving the Russians only one steamer in the Sea of Azcff. Sonjat-Kaii was evacuated by the Russians, ‘They burnt the principal buildings and abandoned sixty = = six mortars, haviog first rendered them unser- vices 31 —Town of Genitschi. near the Pu‘rid Sea,bombarded by the allies, and all the Russian stores destroyed. JUNE. 4.—British and French fleets lying clore to Cronstadt. There was a quast resumption of the Vienna Coa- ference, when a final adjournment tock place, all hopes of peace from this source vanishing. 5.—The Cosenck, an English mun of war boat, went into the port of Hango, showing (as her commander al- leged) @ flag of truce. The Ruseians, fearing some treacherous taking of soundings, fell on the officers and crew after they landed, and killed five or six of them. 6.—Another bombardment of Sebastopol commenc The French made a fierce fire on the Mamelon work. 7.—Msmelon and White towers at Sebastopol captared by English and French troops, after a dreadful fight. ‘The French took sixty guns, and over four hundred pri- toners. The Ru¢sians had four thousand three bundced and sixty mem pat hort de comlat; the French lost four thonsand men, and the Fogiish had one hundred and sixty-five men killed and missing, with five hundred wounded. Among their killed were eleven officers, vit Colonel Shearmsn, Majors Bayley and Dickson, ‘apteins Muller, Forster, Corbett, Wray, Lieutenants Laurence, Stone, Machett, and Lowre; 12,—Allied fire on Sebastopol very weak. 14 —Ports of Kerth, Arabat, Genitchi, Bardiansk, Marlopo! and Taganrog, on the shores of the Sea of Azoff, all in the hands of the Alles, so taken Anapa, the most important fortress on the coast of Cir- cassia. Remains of the town of Kertch destroyed by an accidental fire. SUNDAY, 17.—The bombardment of Sebastopol again re- sumed. x three hours the fire wae warmly returned by the Russians, when \t entirely ceased. 18.—Redan and Malakoff works at Sebastopol flercely attacked by the Engiish amd French troops, who were driven back by the Russians with an immense of men and officers. General Pelissier informed his government that the French loas was 87 officers killed, 17 prisoners and 96 gone to the ambulances; non-commissioned offi- cers and men killed and missing, 1,544; gone to the am- bulances, 1,644. in the British House of Commons, Lord Peimerston declared the English loss to be as follows:— The whole number of the non-commissioned officers and men killed is 144; and wounded, 1,058, waking &, total of noncommissioned officers ‘and men killed and wounded of 1,202; the number of officers bilied and wounded’ is 08, maki total of 1,296, The wheie loss of the allies in ki wounded was a little over 5,000 men. Every ene of Eaglish commanders were killed, with two Freach Gen- erals—Mayran and Prunet—very distinguished men, The Russian General expressed himself as follows on this peint :—Onr loss during the bombardment and assault of the 17th and 18th Jane was—killed : 2 superior officers, and 78 men; weunced ; 4 superior officers, 48 aubaltern officers, and 3,132 wen. One General, 5 superior officers, 29 subaltern cificers, and 815 men received severe contu- fiona, and 2 Generals, 12 superior officers, $7 subalterm officers, and 879 men were signtly wounded or contused, but did’not quit the ranks. 8.—Lord Raglan died,and Gen. Simpson was appointed iu his place. sULY. 2.—The Rossians made an important movement in Asin Minor, Yemkeni, a village, distant about eighteen eagues from Exzercum, containing large stores of provi- sions for the army at Kars, occupied by a Russian divi- sion, composed of four battalions of infantry, and 9,600 Cossacks, six regiments cf cavalry, 18 pieces of artillery in all about 12,000 men, The Turkish army partially blockaded at Kara, 7.—Bashi-Bavouke, in the allied service, in and around Constantinople, revolted and committed dreadful ex- cesses, killing @ number of people. 10.—Another bombardment of Sebastopol commenced. ‘14.—Severe Russian sortie from Sebastopol. 16. —Another severe sortie from Sebastopol. 28.—Britieh gui hore at Taganrog, and barned by the Cossacks, but the crew reaped. 91.—Russian army in the Crimea was la: during the month, and the French were batteries in the ravine of the Karabeloaya, pol. AUvQUST. 1.—British steamer Barracouta captured the Bremen brig Grete, under American colors, in the Sea of Ochotsk, and took two hundred and eighty Raselans, who had be- longed to the # eked frigate Diana, prisoners, and sent them to Hong Kong. TmThe Turkish army bereiged in Kare repulsed » Rus- sian attack on the city, killing three of their general ea’ and patting about six thousand men hors de « O.—Allied Relic equadrem commenced to bombard S weabor; 10. ¢ garrison 0” Sebastopol loet one thousand five Londred mep this day. 11.—Bombarament of Eresbong Yy jhe aie mortared and gun doate ended, after all ipa) buildings, Fe and government stores were burned. explosions were heard in the town. The batteries and ications were not damaged. The Russians hed almost one men billed and over two bundred ‘woun: Joss one man killed. 16.—Battle of Trektfr , on the Tchernsya. Gene- rals Liprandi and Prinee Gor! off, with forty thou- sand Rue attacked the allied lines with great im- rity, but were repulsed after a battle of three hours. doublons ta, be repreteds bat Wey “are not in joul f are in oportion to the ‘Rta obial and to mene we supe ve inflieted upon the enemy. We have rior officers wounced, nine subaltern officers killed, fifiy-three wounded; 172 non-commissioned officers, and soldiers killed, 146 missing, and 1,163 wounded. The Russians bave left 460 prisoners in our hands. The num- der of their killed may be estimated at_more than 3,000, and of their wounded at more than 6,000, of whish num- der] 1,626 men, and thirty-eight officors, have been taken to our ambulances. Among the alain found by us are the bodies of two Generals, whose names I have not been able to ancertain. ‘General Simpson said :—The lose ous t & tained by the Russianss eetimated nt between 6,000 and men, including 600 prisoners, while on o the elliew it dees not amount to more than 1,000 men. Prince Gortsebakelf admitted great losses, He said :— Amongst the dead are Generals Reid, Weimann, snd Cyerwiky. The Prince attributed the defeat to the wo great impetuosity of the right columns of attack. The ‘troops of the right cclumn, who were :eahng the escarp- ment, ‘a desperate resistance there. Ail the effor.s of our brave intantiy were frui On this occasion ‘we suffered » dirastrous Ince. General Read and the chief of his staff, Mejor General de Weimann, were the first to fall, Tbe Commander-in-Chief, however, hastened up in all haste to the right colums, and seeing that our troops were wasting their heroic efforts on that point, ordered @ retrent beyond the Tchernaya. 17.—the allied troops began another bombardment ogainet Sebastopol, which slackened after a few days. 24.—Three iron war ships launched at St. Petersburg. SEPTEMBER. 6.—Final bombardment of the southern works of Se bastopel commenced by the allied troops From 10th of August to this day the loss of the Russia» garrison averaged 1,000 men a day, making a total of 30,000 ina little over three weeks. 7.--Firat flame seen to break out in the town of Sebas- topol after the Russians had fired it. 8,--Fall of Sebastopol Generals Bosquet and Me- Mahon led on nearly 30,000 French troops against the Malakoff tower, whilst Generals Codrington and Markham, with a division of British roldiers, made a flerce—Dbut un- successful—attack on the Redan The French took the Malakoff in gallant rtyle; but the Russians, finding that they must give way, set fze to the town in many places, exploded the magazines, and burned their war thips in port. During the eonflagration they marched tothe north side of the city, crossing the river by a wooden bridge which Gortschakoff had erected in antici- acer of such an event On this memorable day the se8 were immense on all sices An interesting des- patch of Marshal Pelisster reported the pre:ise loss of the French as follows:— FRENCH. Gem's, Sup. Offs. Sudins. Soldiers, ‘Total. Killed....... 5 A MG «480 1,034 20 2 BASIS 2 8 1400 = 1410 Total... 15 40 BBS, 0BT RNGLISH, Officers. Segis, Drummers. Soldiers, Teal, Killed........20 36 6 ‘314 386 Wounded...1124 142,121,008, 886 Misare..v0 12 0 108 176 Totals...144 100 = «18S 3,000 a The allied lose, therefore, amounted 1n the aggregate to 10.(04—the number killed having been 2,019; wounded, 6,399; misting, 1,580. ‘The Invalide Russe said:—The total lose of the garrison of Sebastopol on the 8th of September was:— Staff Officers Officers. Soliliers. Killed. aba’ 35 2,63 Wounded 206 Contused 38 Missing .. pr Hors de combat 323 ¥ The loss of artillery is not comprised in this table. It will be seen from this thatas many as twenty-one thousand six hundred and seventy-fuu: men were either killed or horribly mutilated in a iew houre, at the close of a siege which endured for three hundred and forty-nine days. Rear Admiral Lyons, R. N., im describ- ing the ruined town, said:—The enemy has not sseceeded in Gextroying all the forts on the south side. Fort Paul is literally blown to atoms, and Fort Alexander is very much damaged; but the Quarantine Fort has not red considerably, the sea face remaining perfect, and most of the g aining fit for use, few being even spiked. At Fort Nicholas, thouga the flames have made some havoc in the intesior, the stone work appears to be unin- jured. The earthwork on the sea defences remain in a perfect state. The five docks and the sdjoining basin are meguificent, and together with the xteam inery for filling them from the Tchernaya, and for pumping them out, sre in excellent order, and there are resources of all kinds remaining. The bottom of the splendid harbor is now incumbered with more than fifty vessels, including eighteen sail of the line, and several frigates and steamers. General Pelissier was created a Mar: of France, by Napoleon, for his victory on this aay. B 10,—News of the fall of Sebastopol veceived in London 11,—The Czar Alexander issued an adaress to his army cn the iall of Sebastopol, which was candid as to the loss of the place, but hopeful fer the future. The first de- tachments of the allied troops entered the eastern part of Pieri euburb of Sebastopel, by order of Marshal Pelissier, 12.—Small bodies of the allied forces proceeded can- tionsly to cocupy the ruived portion of the city of Sebas- topel. Prince Gortschakoff acdressed his army on their retirement from Sebastopol, and stated that for thirty days previous to the 8th instant he had lost from five hundred to one thousand men daily. 13.—Grand Te Deum in the church of Notre Dame, Paris, to return thanks for the Sebastopol victory, at which the United States Minister attended. 14.—Paris illuminated in honor of the Crimean victory. 15.—Fmperor and Empress ot Russia, with the Dowager Empress and Grand Duke nstantine, were in Moscow. A solemn service was celebrated on board all the French vessels anchored off Sebastopol, for the officers and sol- diers of the land and sea forces of the allies who fell in the asrault of the 8th instant. Sunpay, 16.—The Russian troops were strongly forti- fying themsetves on the nortn side of Sebastopol, and erecting new batteriee. 17.—Turkieh troops intended for Asia marched from Cox stantivople for Eupa‘oria. 20,—Avniversary of the battle of the Alma celebrated in Eng'amc. The Emperor of Russia addressed a reseript to the Governor of Moscow, stating that he woud defend Russia to the Intest moment, 22.—The allied troops in the Crimes attacked the Rus. sian wfantry, when the latter retreated to the heights of Rusta, ‘The Cear Alexander arrived at Odessa. SUNDAY, 23,—The Cear left Odessa for Nicholaief, to at- tend a council of war. 24.—-A despatch trom Admira) Brust, and « letter from .ieutenat Colonel Read announced that a successful at- tack was made upon Taman and Phanagoria, in the Straits of Kertch. The expedition consisted of ten gun boats. Brvat raid all the houres at Phanagoria were de- stroyed. Sixty-six cannon and four mortars were fourd at Phanagoria, but were erviceable. AtTaman eleven twenty-four pounders found buried in the sand. 26.—Thirty thousand allied troops debouched from Fupatoria, and occupied the villas on the Russian left flank, Three frigates of the allied Baltic fleet burned ten Russian ships at the mouth of the Sulis river. 27.—Six English vessel peared before Riga, and bom- ‘barced for ceveral hours the batteries of Duuamunde and Verrage Donellen. The Russians before Kars captured a Turkish convoy of provisions, destined for the garrison, together with 1,C00 horses and 300 wen. 28.—Anniversary ot the death of Marshal St. Arnaud celebrated in Paris. 29.—A severe contest of cavalry was fought at Koughil, five leagues northeast of Enpatoria, in which the Russian cavalry, commanded by General Korf, were defeate1 by the French cavalry, under General Allonville. Six guns, twelve ammunition wagons, and a campaign forge, with a}l the appurtenances, and 160 prisoners, of whom two were officers, were captured, besides two hundred and fifty horses of the Russian Hulans. Fifty of the Russians were killed; among them was Colonel Anirowsky. Of the French, six were killed and twenty-seven wounded. Battle of Kars, im Asia Minor. The Ruésians attacked the town fiercely, but were defeated by the Turks after a fight of 7 hours duration, At one time the Russians succeeded in taking two batteries; but before they had time to turn rou Bene gene, or rig! to spike them, the Turks rushed upon them with such vigor as to regain possession of the vatteries and decide fortune of the €ay. The Ras- siana, furiously repulsed, fell back upon their comrades, who were thrown into confusion, The Turks then rushed out of the fortress, and massacred an enormous number. An account states that though a large number of killed and wounded Russians were removed, 4,000 were left dead under the walle. Two hundred were taken prisoners, and rome pieces of ordnance captured. Several Russian officers of high rank were killed or wounded early in the action. Before clomng the chronology of this month it will be Interenting to recapitulate the many great Datiles, negotiations, and commanders, for which September is distinguisted, viz — 4.—The mobbing in London of General Haynau for bis wo- men flogging during the Austrian troub| 7.—The anniv a and of the great battle of Konlikoil,) ‘sa years pete ‘ebiak Dinitric, the Russian grand prince. and the ® in Which the former, for the tirst time, obtalued a glo- Flous, But ae it proved in the end, ‘ruiciess iri over their on ko and merciless oppressors. Moscow was, 8 ve, aun aa r pet — Eng lat @ anniversary of Oliver Cromwell's dea! recalling to our memories the eivif warfare of ihe 17th caster, ond Phe J 4 the ees , Ac ears before the entry of the allies into helizongbotd of the Crimea. Olga, Princece Koroguied, as faceted with great pomp and emer. ‘at Constantinople. by erudite Constantine Parph: 4 ‘then rey oh Raa Fe hea te wat : fle Russian dominions. — On the sume day, 1669, the famous Partition Treaty, at the Ricer Kerhech was goed between Pever the Great and the Emer: ‘bins. In the history of England it is the anni of the death of the Conqueror, at Rouen, in 10#7 of the baitle of Flodden Fie wherein James TV,, of Scotland, and the prineipal merubers 0 the, vobility of that kingdom were sisim; and of the redaction Fag at the commencement of the civ war, 1642, by 11 —The batile of Stirling (1207). 12.—-The death of Prince Siucher, one of the Waterloo heroes (1819). 18—The killing of General Wolfe (1759). 14—The in the Crimea ot the aiules enge@iin the present warfare. 15.—Ihe taking of Cadiz (1206), <The slege of Gibraltar 8D. 1 ‘of Mensina (1848), Baste $y of the batve of N and of the death L A e of tord Palniand, Bod of the Treaty of Ryawtcn 10% by Youls XIV" acknowledged the righ! of ‘Wilungs (Ii. wo the throme of |. ‘The battle of ihe Alma OCTOBER. “b.—The Prussian government atBeclin notified to the journals of that city, that no attacks om the Western Powers wil) be permitted. England had sen‘ to the Orimea since the commencement of the war, 80,000 men, and be- side guarantying the $20,000,000 loan of Turkey, and advancing $10,000,000 to Sardinia, had expended $80,000, 000 tm the prosecution of the war. $.—Thirly-six vessels of the allied fleet arrived off Odessa, eausing much alarm in the city. 9.—Allied troops from Eupateria made a demonstra- tion against Perekop, but retired on meeting the advanced posts of the Russian army. 11.—The Persian ambassador and his suite arrived at ‘Tiftis in Asia Minor. The ‘bassador, Abbas Kulia Khan, his son Aman Kulla Khana, the attachés Kassim Khan, ‘former! Tiflis; his son, Ali Khan; the first secretary, Khon; snd of several interpreters and writers. The em- basry was received with EE pomp by the Russians. Kaseim Khan started for the camp of General Muraviell. 18.—Ybree Sardinian civisions under the command of General Della Marmora, left their cantonments, and marched towards the in‘erior of the Orimea. The Eng- lib division, under Sir Uolin Campbell, tollowed them, but they did not effect anything. Vi.—Fortress of Kinburn, on the Dnieper, taken by the The Ruseian commanders capitulated ; eighty Russians were killed and forty wounded, and an allied re rt raid: “ We have taken 1,420 prisoners, including Gen. otancvitch and 40 offieers, with 174 piec-s of canaon and a quantity of ammunition smd stores.” 18.—Rus-ian fort-esa of Otchakoff, on the Dnieper, was blown up by its own garrison. 22.—An Fnglish Cabinet eruneil son should be “relieved” of Crimea, 81.—The town of Marianopol, on the north eoast of the fea of Azofl, was bombarded by the allies. One hundred shells were thrown, and the town ret on fire till Austrian merchants hoisted the Austrian flag over the warehouse, when the firing ceased. NOVEMBER. 3.—General Codrington took command of the British Crimean army, relieving General Simpson The English troops from Kinburn returned to Sebastopol. Suxpay, 4.—A French soldier in Constantinople fired ons Tunisian soldier, when a dreadful riot ensued, in which nine men were shot, and many wounded. 6.—The English fleet in the Sea of Azoif destroyed im- mense quantities of Russian grain, which was compactly stacked in wix tiers, extending two miles along the coast, near Gheiskliman, ready to be conveyed partly to the Crimean army after the formation of the ice in the Gulf of Azoff, and partly to the army of the Caucasus, and Sonat the Russians thought secare from any naval attack, 6—Omer Pasha, with tho Turkish army, forced the pastage of the river Ingour in Asia, and defeated sixteen thousand Kuteians, with great loss to them. 7.—The Crar lett Nikolaieff for the Crimea. © —The Czar inspected the Crimean army, and made reed that General command in the preparation for a vigorous caw 10,—General Simpson bade farewell to the British Crimean army, and Geaeral Codrington took command, 12,—The Czar le’t the Crimea for St. Petersburg. On this day Omer Varha bad divided bis force into three corps, he himself, with the main body, eceupying Suchum Kale, while twelve of the detached battalions of infantry, and two regiments of cavalry, under Fesked and Onin Facha, hao gone to Redout Kale, and the corpa of Mus- tapba Pacha, with the ‘Vunixian’ contingent, was at Ba- eet Cmer had not moved from this basis of opera- Mons, 15.—A store of gunpowder, belonging to a French siege train, exploded near Inlormann, fa the Crimes, pos wuch ¢amage to the French and ‘English troops. ‘In th> English army, there were killed :— Deputy-Assistant- Commissary Tellon, NA and 21 non-commisaloned, of, ficers and men. Wourded—lieat. Dawson, R. A., lost his leg below the knee; Lieut. Robert, dangerously in the arm; Lieut. Eecles and Assistant-suy; Reade, ‘2d bat- tulion Rifle Brigade, slightly; 116 brigace non-commis- ticned officers and men, of whom 47 slightly. Missing— 4rank and file. Two French officers, with thirty men, were billed, and one bundred men wounded. 19,—The Czar arrived in St. Petersburg from the Cri- DAY, 26..-Gen. Simpson arrived in London. 20,—Blockade of the White Sea raised. DECEMBER. ‘7,—Peace rumors were pagvalent in Paris. 8.—Immense war pre} tions in Russia, No new movements in the Crimea, ‘The Know Nothings of Georgia. TREIR STATE CONVENTION—PLATFORM OF THE PAR‘ TY—DETERMINATION TO POSTPONE THE MEETING OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION. The American State Convention of Georgia was held at Milledgeville on the 20th inst. The following was adopted as the platform of the party:— 1, The maintenance of this Union of co-equal so- vereign States, as our fathers made it, as the para- mount political Pricer in its adaptation be the ee our rights and the happiness o e people, 2, The means by which we Propose to maintain i is obedience to the constitution of the United States, and all laws passed in pursuance thereof, as sacredly obligatory upon individuals and States. 3. We regard the great doctrines of religions li- berty, and the separation of Church and State, as cardinal principdes of our government—as well set- tled and as firmly established as the right of trial by jury and the writ of habeas corpus; and, therefore, we will oppose the elevation to oflice of any and al pee who deny the great American doctrines of iberty of conscience, or who favor the union of Church ard State, or who recognize any civil alle- giance to any foreign power, prince or potentate whatever. 4. The Baurity of the ballot box—the peaceful ad- ministration of our laws—the safety of our people— the integrity of our government—the exclusion of pauper and criminal immigration; and the enforce- ment of our neutrality laws, demand, in our opinion, a material modification of our naturalization laws, and a radical revision of our immigration laws. By this we do not seek to disturb, in any manner, the Pen of those of our foreign born citizens who re naturalized under our existing laws, and we in- vite all of them who agree to our principles, to be- come members of the American party 5. The Territories of the United States we regard as the common property of all the States as co-equal sovereignties, aud as sach open to settlement by the citizens of the States with their prope as matter of right; and that no power resides either in Con- gress or the Territorial Legislature, or the people of the Territories while a Territory, to exclude from settlement in Terri any portion of the citi- zens of this ré ic with their propert legally held in the State from which they emi rg ‘e repu- diate therefore the doctrine commonly called squat- ter sovereignty in the Territories. 6. The right to vote is a privilege of citizenship, and should not be extended to foreign immigrant to a Territory before they are naturalized. 7. The agitation of the subject of slavery should ceace. The rights of the South are plain, palpable, well defized and well understood, and we believe they should not longer be treated as open questions. Fights, and cur right of property imslayes,- Georgia ighta, and our right ot ry in slaves. has solemnly declared whan she will re; as future grievances on this subject, and what her remé will be when these grievances shall be inflicte We will stand by the Georgin Platform. We be- lieve the continueus: agi m of this subject, is made by selfish politicians for personal party promotion, and is hurtful to the South, the institu- tion of slavery and the ency of the Union. 8. Resolved, That Convention now proceed to select delegates to a National Convention of the American party ; and we recommend that said con- vention assemble after the first day ‘of May at such time and place as shall be agreed on, and refer, on our part, the time and place of assembling to the President of this Convention, and our two members in Congress. And we the American Party of gia urgently invite all national men every where, without distinction of old party lines—who are in favor of the maintenance of the Union by obedience to the constitution and the enforcemene of the laws, to meet with us in that convention 9. We instruct our delegates to the National Con- vention to insist gerd the adoption of the foregoing mn bn in spirit and substance, before going into a nomination, and that the nominees be pledged to carry out the eame in good faith in the administra- a of the government and the appointments to ce. After the platform was adopted, the following re- solutions were offered and carried:— Resolved, That all persons who hold to the princi ES of the American party and act with it, be held, ken and considered as members of the party and in full fellowship with the same. Resolved, That our Representatives in Congress, Messrs. Foster and Trippe, be requested to appear at the Philadelphia Convention on 18th and 22d of February, 1556, and say to them that the American rty of Georgia will not be represented in that Boaye—also, suggest to them the action of this meet- ing and urge them to defer their nomination and unite with us apon these principles in a future con aention. Delegates were afterwards chosen to meet in na- tional convention, provided the time of meeting is postponed. Braras, DeaTas AND MARRIAGES IN Massacnu serts.—During the year 1654, 31,997 births occurred in Massachusetts, of whom 16,352 were males, 15,469 females, and the sex of 176 was not reported. In the case of 12,- 467, the parenta were of birth, and of 16,470 of Ameriean birth, in the case of 1363 one of the parents was of foreign birth, Six hundred twins were borr, of whem 312 males snd 288 females. There were reven caren riplets, none in Suffolk county, The birth of 203 illegitimate children is reported, of which 32 took place at the te toe, Tewksbury. The total number eg pe! in the State oriag He pee was 13,- (82 of whom 6,492 were Americans, 4, nd tn at aeeaber t deaths Unronghout the State wae 2,41 total pt.a! was 10,750 were males and 10,686 females; of ‘these, rted to have died of old age, 4,610 of consump- 57 of dyrentery, 488 of scarlet fever,4 of lightning, Jarge pomber of 470 were drowned, The Geogrephy of the Arctic Regions. The eubjoined very interesting communication from Augustua Petermann, dated Nov. 10, on the subject of Dr. Kane's recent voyage, is extracted from the London Atheneum cf the 24th ult.:— The recent return of Dr. Kane haa made the world ring with the announcement of his discovery of a “vast open iceless Polar Sea.” The chief of his voyage may be stated in a few words, thus:—Hav- ing reached Smith Sound, he found further progress by vessel ape Coben Bask Leap ee eagle ind the heaviest description king up He therefore put his brig into winter quar- tera, in a on the east coast of Smith Sound, in utitade 78 ee min. North Cae the indentation ween Pelham Point bab atatford Head of Inglefield), and from this explored the region eastward and north. in eledges. The reports hitherto published in the American papers are not quite clear as to the er the nae discovered; it ap- pears, however, that the arm of the sea forming the Continuation of Smith Sound extends almost due east ax far as 60 deg. W. long.; whence itis deflect- ed in a N.N. W. direction, autil, in latitude 82 deg. N. it expands into an extensive sea, “entirely free from ice” at the time when Dr. Kane beheld it. It further appears that the region between 78 deg. and 82 deg. of jatitude is Pace ‘iu in character to the ice bound labyrinth forming the chief scene ot the Franklin search further south. In epee over this extensive and barren region, Dr. Kane’s party was not a little astonished in noticing a gra- dual increaee of temperature the further they went to the northward, until at last their proarens was arrested by that vast sea already inentioned, extend- ing further than the eye coald reach, teeming with animal life, number of herbivoros and other ala, and birds feeding on its shores or roaming in fearless indifference in the neighborhood. “A north wind, fifty-two houre in duration, failed to bring any drift ice into this area.” Those conversant with the geography of the Arctic regions will probably agree with me, if J, in the firet place, vemture to gest that the term “open” Polar Sea applied to latitudes of 82 degs. and 83 degs. N. can have only a mere relative and vague, uncertain meaning, because in those latitudes any part of the sea, however narrow and ice bound, may be open at times, and no part of it, however extensive and deep, ¢an be entire ly and always free from ice. The term is more in its place when used in a comparative or circumecribed sense, as, for in- stance, when saying that Baffin’s Bay isan open (or more open) sea as compared to Wellington Channel; and the latter, again, with its northerly outlets, an open (or more open) channel than Banks Strait or Prince of Wales Channel. The term “open Polar Sea,” no doubt, will be rightly understood in its bearing and import, in each individual case so used, by persons accustomed to a critical view of such subjects; but for general use it leads to much mis- conception, and is altogether superfluous when, as in speaking of Dr. Kane’s open sea, the epithet “iceless” is added to it. There can be no doubt about the precise meaning of the latter, for it im- plies a sea entirely free from ice, whereas the term “open” sea by no means excludes the existence of vast quantities of that frigid article. ‘As to the term “ iceless” sea, it conveys, in this ingtance, cen anerroneous meaning, such as Dr. Kane probably did not intend to impart to it, for in speaking of that Northern sea under this denomi- nation, he and his companions describe > nature of that sea at the particular time when th.y sew it, aud these statements I have not the a ground or with to doubt or disbelieve. But I do most decidedly doubt it to bea permanently iceless sea, notwith- standing the extraordinary fact of continued north wind having failed to bring any ice into it. Such an occurrence only shows how effectually the ice formed during the previous winter may be swept away by the currents out of a sea situated even under the most Northern latitudes. I find a similar obser- vation recorded by that great Arctic navigator and acute observer, Sir Edward Parry, in his “Narrative, 1827,” p. 127. It relates to the sea north of Spitzbergen (where Captain Phipps had perioney found av impenetrable barrier of Eales pack ice), as seen ai his retarn to that country from his adventurous boat yoyage toward the North Pole about the latterend of A: ti “As the wind now blew so much upon the shore, I was in momentary expectation of seeing some ice come in; but we were agreeably surprised to find that none appeared. This circumstance appeared tous the more remarkable from the extraordinary rapidity with which, in the month of June, the very lightest air from the Westward brought the drift ice in upon the land, rendering their shores quite inac- cestible in the course of a few hours.” I have entered into these remarks on the meaning of the terms “open” and ‘‘iceless,” as it seems to me that a great deal of confusion, doubt and miscon- ception bas arisen in Arctic geography from differ- ent interpretations of these terms. But while ex- pressing the foregoing objections to their ambiguous and unrestricted use, 1am bound to own myself at a loss for another word which, in my humble opinion, would form a preeise denomination for a bea such ‘as that discovered by Dr. Kane. The Rus- sian word ‘“Polynia” means spaces of open water within the icy seas, and is nearly the equivalent for the English “lane’—lanes of open water. Unfrozen sea would really be nearer the mark—namely, a sea that never freezes entirely over. Reading the reports Dr. Kane’s voyage with due regard to the restrictive meaning of the terms in which they are framed, it is beyond all doubt that he discovered an extensive Polar Sea whichis? rover entirely frozen over. This evidence of an unfrozen sea and a compasa- tively mild climate, with kindred phenomena, in lati- tudes ranging from 82 dege. northward, is a full cor- roboration of the discovery of a similar sea further to the eastward, by , Wrangell, and others; but it is still more decisive in its bearing than either of these, because Dr. Kane's sea lies in close conti- uity and on the northern side of the most northern find yet discovered, and a land, be it remembered, of the most dismal description, whereas the sea reached by Sir Edward Parry in latitude 82} degs. N. is sim: iy the continuation of the Atlantic swept by powerful polar currents with the influence of tre warm Guilt Stream in its flank, while Wrangell’s Sea lies in latitude six degrees farther south. Dr. Kane's Polar Sea is the most interesting, as it seems pretty evident that it cannot be connected with the reat Arctic Sea, or what 1 would call the real polar sin—namely, the sea between Spitzbergen and Siberia. And here I may be permitted to refer briefly to Capt. ee voyage to Smith Sound three years ago. The view that gentleman took at the time in announcing that, by entering Whale Sound and Smith Sound, he believed he hed “discovered and entered the Polar Sea,” through which, he thought, “he would have been able to push in the direction of Behring’s Strait had nota gale arisen,” &c., was strongly combatt by me then (see Athen. Nos. 1,309 and 1,311), and lendeavored to show that such a view was falla- cious, and based upon no tenable grounds. I con- cluded my remarks in the following words (No. 1,811, p. 1,359) :-—“Thus it appears that the reasons astigned for the theory of a communication between Baflin’s Bay and the Polar Basin are slight in com- parison with those which tell against it. Greenland mnay, and very likely does, contract about the 80th parallel ; it may there become only a narrow neck of land; but that land, there is reason to conjecture, extends a great way in a northerly direction to- wards Behring’s Strait; and it is my firm convic- tion that navigators entering the sea to the north of Baflin’s Bay,in the hope of reaching the Polar Basin, would tind a mere cul-de-sac, noteven cor§ nected with the sea to the north of Wellington ome These eviawe have, I think, been breees closely corrobora: ir. Kane's voyage; iB found that Smith ‘Round terminates tn a if.” tony Captain Inglefield’s theorv mi The reasons hold just as good now as then; and, therefore, lami ] cl to think that, if no stronger adduced to establish the insularity of G: by a channel under the 80th 1, than the existence in that direction ofa mighty glacier, it is to much doubt. That glacier, in all pi ility, rests on land, and no channel has ever been in that lo- calif or elee some of the immense masses of drift known to exist on the east side of Greenland would surely have found its way to the arm of the sea explored by Dr. Kane. No itive or! direct statement is made as to the mbsence of this interesting object in the reports before me, however lengthy and circumstantial they are in other re- cts; but by indirect evidence it seems beyond all donbt that driftwood is entirely absent in those waters—the want of fuel is continually complained of, a i an besa) of bet a org ships . Kane's ~ “Daring the winter fuel having become sh DE, Kane was compelled to convert the floors, inner planking, spars, and finally cers , int 5 t in that region had Ee ae and the few sledges they possessed were almost exclusively out of wi tusks, and not of wood. a It is quite c'ear, from all these particulars, that no driftwood reaches those waters, which further renders it all but certain that no connection exists the Great Polar Basin, namely, that sea in reference to which a Set Reward Parry, from experience, em) ly declares;— “A ship mt init med foe ae 0 82 deg. almost a piece of ice.”—(Parry's “Narrative,” p. 148 ) But however this pay be, ton truth ie grand unfrozen Polar sea We are led to the North Pole itself, aa the around which all others in the Arctie bs are natorall . The question is, what is the natare ‘of ti t ot? Whether land or sea, (I am inclined to the latter,) does it or does it not comprise the maxi- mu of ice, and snow, and cold, as it does form the mathematical centre of the fri zone? And do,. in_a corresponding manner, the lines of latitude indicate the pro; decrease of the temperature and other phenomena following in > Sia fo been the oer gne Re aps, 8 e more p o, ) that ma is the case. It so happens that the i- tions in search of Franklin, have, mort of 4 extended to latitudes between 70 and 77 deg. N., and only in a few cases beyond: ‘They have, in these latitvdes, found a labyrinthic system of clumps of lands and islands connected together by narrow channels, full of ice ani glaciers, most ifieult and hazardous for navigation. {t hag been pes inferred, if the Arctic regions between ‘0 deg. and 77 deg. N. latitude are of #0 80 diffi and dangerous character, how much more 80 must they be further north and under the Pole itself! So much gid this impression prevail, that when Captain Penny, in 1551, discovered, north o! Wellington Channel, a tea more open, more exten- sive, and with more animal life than those arme of the cea to the south of it, 1} was actually disbelieved at first by many of the princi officers of the searching squadron. Then, again, when Inglefield 1 ted the discov he had at the top of Buffin’s Pay, it was suid that “they did not appear to give much promise of Elysian Field and oages nearer the Pole.” Others had even calculated, how much the mean animal temperature at the Pole must be as compared with that of southerl latitudes. In vain did the results of the memorable sounes of Sir Edward Parry, Wrangell, Anjou, and others, point to the fallacy of such views--the favorite theory was still clung to. Sir Edward Parry’s journey to the North Pole was under- taken, as is well known, on the suppo- sition that Captain Phipp’s “main or heavy ice” extended to the North Pole; but the farther he went up the less ‘indication of it-could be geen;” and aot last. ander the highest latitude reached, namely, 82 deg. 40 min. 23 sec. (at one time Panes 45 min), “so small was the ice around them, that they were obliged to halt for the night, at 2.A. M. on the 25th, being upon the only piece in sight, in any direction, on wl they could venture to trust the beats while they rested. Such was the ice in latitude +2} degs.” So Wrangell and Anjou, the higher they went ‘the surer they were in finding at last the ‘‘wide immeasurable ocean” be- fore them. Dr. Kane's discovery is a full corroboration of what is indicated in the foregoing, namely, that towards the North Pole the temperature, animal and vegetable life, the ren state of the sea, &c., do not uniformly or regularly decrease; in short, that these features of the Arctic regions depend much less on latitude than on the configuration, extent and arravgemen; of land and water and the oceanic currents. Thus an extensive sea, exposed to the mighty currents running from the Siberian shores into the Atlantic, will, even under the Pole itself, be clearer of ice and more open—it will pos- sessa temperature higher, orgazic life more de- veloped and abundant, than the ice bound, choked up labyrinth of the chief scene of the Franklin search, 20 degs. 8. of the North Pole. Thus, the only Polar Sea accessible by vessels, and undoubtedly as fit for navigation as Baffin’s Bay, re- mains that Leyond Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla. What significant lesson does Dr. Kane's a iventurour yorage again convey? By almost superhaman ef- forts he only reached 823 deg. of latitude, while by the ship he could not possibly get further than 78% deg.; whereas that rame latitude, 82} deg.,in the Sea of Spitzbergen, has been reached again and again, in former as well as in recent times, with comparative ease. And nothing is more natural, for in the Spitzbergen Sea ice navigation only com- mences about the same latitude where Dr. Kane's vessel came to a full stop—namely, between 78 deg. and 79 deg. North latitude. This very summer seve- ral Norwegian whalers—among others the schooner Aitlns, from Bergen—have reached the latitude of 82 deg. north of aucceseful in the fiahing. The Adlus became full in two or three days, and reached mn from that high latitude, 82 deg., in eleven on ‘ iY views on Arctic geography, rst eubmitted to public notice inthe Atheneum nearly four years 28g0, have not only not been controverted, but more and more corroborated by recent research; and I shall conclude by declaring my conviction, that ei PY the Sea of Spitzbergen the North Pole will one day be reached, and that with much less danger and difficulty than has attended most Arc- be sce that have not got beyond the latitude of leg. N. Theatres and Amusements. Broapway Tueatre.—Planche’s beautiful fairy extravaganza of “King Ch: -” to which we have hitherto alluded as having been produced in the most costly and gorgeous style, will be repeated this evening. Words can scarcely convey an idea of the dazzling grandeur of the scenic representations in this piece; the characters are well delineated, and the evolutions of the Fairy Light Guard, com of forty Zoune females, are particularly worthy of commendation. Previous to the extravaganza, the \ ghabet burletta called “My Neighbor's Wife” will e performed. Nzs10's.—The unique performances of the Ravel Family still retain ail their original power of fascina- on, and,although they have been exhibiting among 8 80me twenty years, draw as large, if not larger, udiences than ever. This eveni they will ap- pear inthe new comic ballet of “The Secret Mar- riage,” which is to be succeeded by the elegant tableaux of “The Bri ,” upon an entirely new principle, and founded on circumstances that actu- ally occurred in France. Mr. Lehmann’s comical and enchanting Paper of “Medina” concludes the entertainmen' Bowery THEaTRE.—The novel and versatile at- teractions offered at this house are fast filling the coffers of Manager Waldron, who seems as anxious as ever to roars poccent Ly linet expenditares. His acting manager, Mr. Ward, is also deserving of credit for the admirable discipline observed upon the stage, and the smooth style in which the pieces are produced. The entertainments hte will begin with feats of Set gine posturing and other gymnastic }, by Messrs, Myers and Nixon's superb troupe. The successful and exciting new tel called “The Chip Boy of the Dry Dock,” follows. Burton’s TaeaTre—Success of the most bril- liant character still marks the progress of the inde- fatigable manager of this popular place of amuse- ment. One attractive piece follows another in such rapid succession, that none are allowed to become stale and unprofitable—in addition, the manager, always an immense favorite with those whe can ap- preciate comic ability of a Ln order, performs one or more characters every nigh' is overflow- Me eae aban a viz.:— Only a Penny,” “ ara,” “The Dute Governer” in 2 > ALLACK’s THEaTRE.—The r, his chief aids and the actors generally "pear to combine their talent and resources to render per- fect and effective that is undertaken'at this es- tablishment. That their efforts are duly appreciated no better proof is aren than the charming array of beauty talent and learning that nightly the seat. ‘ Where There's a Will There's 9 ‘ay ,”” will be played this evening, fotlowed by Mr. Brougham’s new, whimsical, operatic spectacaar extravaganza, called “ Po-ca-hon-tas.” The whole will conclude with “ Perfection.” Woon's MinstaELs.—The new serio-comico affair called “ Sambo’s Dream,” written expressly with the design of illustrating George's jarities and comical abilities, bas m: it hit, and no doubt will have a profitable run. Grevioes te this farce there will be a variety of singing and dancing this evenin, ky's SeRENApEns.—These delineators of exerci Bee! Ethiopian eccentricity are as great favorites aa ever in the estimation of the pleasure seeking public. Among the selections of and dances for thie srepig is the “Burlesque Hutehinson Family,” which is very amusing. The afterpiece ig “ Vili kins and His Dinah.” Dervii's Laxg, Save Country, Wisconsrn.—The Savk ge Democrat speaks of the scenery about this lake, which lies some two miles south of Bara- boo, as sublimely beautiful, and worthy the atten- tion of those who appreciate the true the bean- tiful of nature. It is reported to have received ite name from an Indian legend, to the effect that a great Indian battle was once fought upon its bor. ders, in which the unsuccessful ‘was totally an- nihilated by the Menomonees, who threw the bodies of their slain enemies into this lake. time no Indian hae eaten of the fish from that lake, which, from the time of the battle, has been called The by them Devil's or Spirit Lake. Democrat gives the following detcription of the lake ena its eurroundings:— “The waters lie in a dee; chasm which has the a] ce of the rock of the chasm west sides, which, in their arrangemenl, form three deep valleys dipping into the lake, one at the south- . routEweet and north corners, “The ‘lat . _ een oben he ain hundred feet in eight, are e angular whic of cedar an in the crevi- bad rocks and crushing trees in In > the pleasant waters, frowning rocks and ‘countleas shades of color upon the vegetation, afford as plea- ‘itgbergen, where they were most -