The New York Herald Newspaper, November 23, 1855, Page 2

Trade and Commerce. Frow Le Nord of Ost. 28, 1866. No one is want of the fact that the present war against is not and has never been popu- jar in France, nobpiieetnting all that has been dove to excite the ns, to deceive public opin fon, and to create by every means which act upon — and the imagination, a factitious popu- The governmental por—-Sare. being no other press now in France—has assumed the task on one side to ‘ify aggression by imposing upon tieir aainds withthe pret for the pre the pretended danger of the prepon ter- avt and invadiug power of the Colossus of the North, which, they ure constantly repeating, menaces the security of all the States of Europe, and on the other to tranquillize the public in respect to the coase- soma of the war, and of the sacrifices which it is imposing pe the nation, by making little of the resources of Rassia and of its meaus of resistance, bo dete! her ag tottering and in distress from commencement of the struggle. These are evi- dently two orders of ideas which mutually contradict esch other. But the official and officious press did not plume itself, particularly at the commencement of the war, on being logical and consequent. It would have even chuckled to itself at the po of any of ita readers who might have required from it that proof of titie to the coutidence of the public. It lived from day today; it blew hot and cold; it worked out sometimes one theme, sometimes another; tor- ‘turing facts according to the exigencies of the mo- ment. Knowing, besides, that it addresses a nume Tous auditory, of whom three-fourths are composed of simpletons, who are not very profound thiukers who ve in everthing that ia printed, and who, too indolent to reilect, and form their own opinion, fer to buy one ready made—made every morn- ug at the moderate price of two sous This task of French journalism was so much the more easy as contradiction was forbidden, and as all issues were hermetically sealed against truth. Those who have followed with any atten‘iveness the phases of the Eastern question, will doubtless re- collect the articles of the Moniteur on the Russian finances. The late Mr. leon Faucher, treating as serious the revelation of the official sheet, aud only knowing Russia superficially, published in the Revue des Deux Mondes of the month of August, 1854, a very deplorable statement of the financial situation o! that country. This picture, traced by a skilful hand, and one familiar with that sort of matter, was filled with very lucid reasoning and inductions, but which leaned over from the foundation, owing to the erroneous or incomplete data, and contained more than one error in figures. In this work of the pennines of the Revue des Deux Mondes, as well as n the articles of the Monitcur, Russia was repre- sented as financially ex! sted from the beginning of the cam sign her industry and her commerce ruined, aud all her resources ‘paralyzed. On this occasion the French publicists appeared, even in their exaggerations, to have entirely overlooked the old proverb, “He who wishes to prove too mich provesncthing.” The errors which swarmed in these publications have been rectified in their time, and the reasonings which accompanied them have been refuted by au- thentic facts. Experience has come to the support of these refutations; but as the Anglo-fren :h pres3,as well as some German journals, continve to dwell apon this theme in their styie, reprodacing the saiae errors, accompanied by arguments more than once refuted, and as besides, new facts in reference to this subject furnished by the terrible war which has continued for a year anda half, are for the most je unknown to the foreigu public, it will not be per- haps superfluous to point them out tor the edification of those of our readers who do not desire to be de- ecived on a question so important in present circ: stances as that of the financial resources of Russia. These results of experience, the authenticity and exactitude of which we can gaarantee, we shall Oppose without commentaries to the stale predic- spe ofthe Moniteur und of the late Mr. Leon Fau- cher:— 1, It was said that Russia, after having com- letely failed in her atiempts to effect a foreign loan, d to have recourse to a forced loan at home. In this assertion there was a donble enor. The forced loan has never existed (that has been already Stated and everybody in Russia knows it,) and as to the loaa opened abroad for fifty millions of roables, it has been covered up to the Int obolus not- ‘withstanding all the tricks of Anglo-French policy resorted to for the purpose of making it miscarry. More recently still, the Augsburg Universal Garejfe, ini an article also devoted to the finances of Russia, states that this loan has been contracted on coudi- “Hons 80 onerous that Russia is obliged to renounce henceforth this external resource. "The fact is that the loan of five per cent negotiated in tine of war at the rate of over ninety per cent, is still mach less disadvantageous to the State than all the recen Austrian Icans contracved in time of peace. 2. It was said that the exchange has fallen more than twenty per cent, that the fiduciary money will soon have the fate of bills which have los: three-fourths their value, and that failures are oc ewring and accn nulating everywhere. The rate of exchauge having momentarily under grove a fall, occasioned by the prohibition of export ing gold, and by the diminution of the export o R n products, again recovered of itself, and has been maintained throughout the war with httle or no variation, at the rate of five to six per cent Below the ordinary ¢oune. Ithaw even been seve: hal times 80 low as thiée percent below pat. Tn the country the rouble bill is accepted everywhere, and taken in all deposits at par with the silver rouble. During the whole war there was not a single im- portant failure in the principal seats of commerce while financial embarrassments and failures are be- rere def eer d and to follow each other on the aes of London and Paris. 3. It was said that the reserve fand—which serves asa guaravtee for the circulation of paper money, diminished in consequence of the expenses of the ‘war was almost exhansted. The reserve fund denosited in the fortress, des- Pned only to stipply with specie the exchange cof- fers, has not for a moment n turned aside from that object. This fund amounted, et the ead of September, 1454, to 146 595,000 silver roubles, (about $1. Wi bree and at the commencement of 1855 to 151,781,600 silver roubles, (about $121,000 ,000.) 4 It was said that the credit establishments ‘were being constantly overcome by demands of re- 4mbureement, and that erat was at the gate. The following is the statement of the treasures of ‘those establishments during the two years of wa: Capilais receive t from new Capitals Aeporilors. repaid. Silver roubles. 1854. Silver roubles. At the Joan bank, andat the Bank of Commerce, 92,421,451 88,819,224 At the peptone Penk 88 87 {5,287,078 At the other credit ertab z Mebments..... eee 24,157,0% 18,144,170 Total....... obs cave 200,194,246 200,200,582, Excess of repayments, 6,286 «i\ver roubles 1866. At the loan bank, and at ‘Comunerc + 68,524,115 61,228,140 0 18th Sept... 62,513,504 61,373,012 Atal the other WSth July........0+.4 9,640,706 9,002,681 Lg 125,684,306 663, 843 Excess of deposits ‘over repayments, 4,020,472 silver voubles, or more than 3 per cent. §. They say her industry is ruined, her com merce paralyzed. With the exception of manufactured articles ex- sted to the amount of from four to five millions in trade with Asia, which has not suffered by the war, Russian industry, which prodaces something about five hundred millions of roubles, ($400,000,009,) does not work for foreign countries, but merely for the native consumers, whose number has not seasi- bly diminished during the war. The twannfacture of cotton—an exotic plant, which owes chieily Its great developement to the prohibitive system aud to an exaggerated protection ut the expense of the con- gumerr—has alone been affected Me? the interruption ‘of maritime commerce, which has increased the cost of the transport of cotton ; but it has not been ar- reated in its ordinary activity, and none of the great, well-known manufactories ‘have saspended work. ‘That is best proved by the tact that the importation of cotton in 1554 amounted to 1,455,976 pounds, or 14 ‘per cent only below the average of the most favor- ‘ jod of 1851-53. a ee! wee gy which work 1; raw materials prodaced by th» country, and varticulatly those of choth, common Kinens, leathers, &c., have redoubled activity, in con- moguence of the orders and purchases for te army. faig of Nijni, which is the barometer of the activity of interual commerce and of the commerce och China, as well as the fairs of Little Russia have been very good during the two years of war. Here is the statement of tho fair of Nijui in 18564:—Valne of merchandise brought to th fair, 63,364,275 roubles; value of merchandis gold 64,322,705 roubles, which does. mot ditter materially from the mosi prosperous years renting the war. The highest figures were in 354—64,541,000 roubles of merchandize carried to the fair, and 56,264,000 roubles of merchandize sold. Still it must be taken into consideration u 1867 the trade with China, which . ‘the fair vee has suffered by reason of ciroum- stances wholly independent of the present war, and that, consequently, were it not for this fact, the fair gf Nijaianigit have been this year more brilliant ia results than all preceding ones. At the last fair of Nijui, a+ well as at those of Little Russia, in the governments of Kharkoff and of Poltaya,of which the de‘initive nomerical re- gulte for the year 1855 are not yet positively known, there has been manifested one circumstance which deserves notice. Most of the porchases that huve been fi made on credit, have been paid in re Thos, for instance, beol rw ner Ruaatilaci: was formerly eyld morly money NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1855. ways on credit, against bills of exchange at Gani § months time, and the producer was well satisfied when be received a third or a fourth of the value ia ready money. Bvt this year most of the purchases have been paid for in cash. That is explained in a great meastre by the large sums which the govern- ment has putin circulation, and which have foster- ed several branches of national trade and indastry — 4 thing which compensates, at least in part, for the Icsses of foreigu commerce, as far as the export of our preduets is concerned, for it must not be forgot- ten that since the evacuation of the Dannbian Prin- cipalities, all the money which the government ex- pends for war remains in the country. As to our import trade, with the exception of cot- ton, oil and coloring stuffs, required in our manu- factures, it is composed a! ly of articles of luxory, the dearness of which, elsewhere safficiently moderaie, through the cost of land transportatiou, fails upcn the more opulent classes, and the follow- ing isthe proportion of the increase of prices of the principal colonial productions at St. Peters- burg:— Col 15 to 16 per cent higher in 1855 than in 1558, and sugar, 16 to 17 per cent. This increase, which is besides principally owing to the increase of the prices of sugar on the foreign markets, in con- sequence of a great diminntion of the supplies in the ntrepcts, has turned to the profit of the native manocfacturers of beet root sugars. The prices of ordinary table wine has increased about 20 per cent, and that of flue and strong wine from 5 to 10 per cent. Now, let these increase of prices for articles of luxury, or of a secondary importance, be compared with the dearness in France and’ England, in conse- quence of the war, of articles of the first necessity, such as bread and butcber’s meat, and let the re- sults be considered. Such is the simple and faithfal statement of real and positive facts, which we oppose to facta contro- verted or sapruraiet and to the erroneous asser- tions of ovr adversaries. We are far fr m wishing to deduce therefrom that Russia does not suffer from the existing war. She snffers much from it; we have never denied that; but the other belligerent nations, and even non-belligerent nations, suffer also from it, and the account of these mutual losses is not yet definitely regulated. The Czar’s New Military Levies. Warraw (Oct. 2) Correspondence of London Nows.} he new levy of ten men in every 1,000 inhabi- tants is to include the Jews, aud is the eighth since the beginning of last year. The first was ordered by the imperial ukase of the 10th of February, 1454, and the proportion fixed on was nine recruits in 1,000 souls, whilst it had effect in the whole of the Russian empire in Europe. In the course of the same year fresh levies were ordered by the ukases of the 7th of September and the 13th ‘of December, to the extent of ten men in 1,000 souls, both in the eastern and western provinces. The first act of this description in the present year was the famous manifesto of the Czar of the 10th of February, ordering the embodiment and for- mation of the militia in eighteen provinces, to the extent of twenty-three recruits in 1,000 souls; and three months later appeared the imperial ukase of the 6th of May, ordering a fresh levy of twelve men in every 1,000 inhabitants for the westera half of the empire (Russia in Europe). Th were fol- lowed in quick succession by the three ukases of the 31st of May, 12th of August, and 7th of Octo- ber, embodying the militia in the rest of the pro- vinces of the empire, and ordering a levy of ten men in 1,000 souls. From the 10th of Febrnary, 1854, down to the pre- sent time, the Czar has consequently raised no less than fifty-two men in every thousand inhabitants in the whole of the empire, and twelve more in the western half; and now comes a fresh conseription of ten men in one thousand souls, making altogether about seventy men in two hundred and fifty, or more than twenty-iive per cent of the male population, for we may assume that one-half of every thousand in- habitants are females, and of the remaining five hun- dred one-half are children and old men. Notwith- standing the colossal nature of these drafta on his subjects in less than two years, we see that the Rus- siun army ere just barely able to make head against the allied forces of the enemy, and the question very Marea presents itzelf to every reilecting miad— “ Tt the Tors of life is so great during the first two years of the war, and our population experiences a similar drain during the continuance of hostilities, how long will it be before the population of Russia is reduced to nothing but women and children?” It isa common rule-of-three sum that any schoolboy can exsiy calculate. ‘Tne Emperor of Bassin at Gicholalef®, {irom the Russian Invalite. } On the 6th of October the Emperor went on horse- hack to the Cherson barrier to meet the 33d and 34th compunies of Marines and the 4th company of the Field Transport Service, which have retarned from Sebastopol. His imperial Majesty afterwards visited the Marine Hospital, where he personally distributed the honorary distinctions of the military order to those of the wounded who, according to the testi- monials of their commanders, had particularly dis tingvished themselves during the defence of Sebas topol. On Sunday, the 7th October, his imperial Majesty heard divine service at the Cathedral, and attended the church parade of the 6th company of Grenadiers of the Minsk Regiment of Infantry, and of a com- pal v of the Gorps of Lnatrm of the Moshe ng After the parade, the detachment of Cossacks of the special escort of his Majesty carried in proces- sion throngh the city the tlags taken from the Tarks in the affair of the 11th of September, near the vil- lage of Peniaki, between Kars and Erzeroum. These trophies were afterwards borne to the ca- thedral of Nicolaieff, to which his Majesty preseut- ed them, aud where they will be preserved in me- mory of the fact that they were brought to the Em- peror during his present visit. On the Sth of October the Emperor reviewed the re- serve battalions of the infantry regiment of Volhy- nid Gud Minsk, and the regiment of Chassenrs of Jitemir, with the state of which his Majesty was perfectly satisfied. ‘After'the review the Emperor inspected the works of the fortifications which are being constracted be- tween the Ingoul and the Bug. During the morning of this day (Oct. 8) intelli- gence wus received by telegraph that the enemy's fleet. consisting of seventy-four vessels, had appear- ed off Odessa, and bad anchored at 3} miles from that city. On the 9th of October the Emperor proceeded in a steemer to the village of Malaia-Korenikha, situ- ated on the opposite bank of the Bug, and inspected the fortifications which are being constructed there. 1 i The Slaveholders, Kiow Nothings and Hus: tai In the United States. [From Galiguani’s Messenger, Oct. 27.) The Débats, in an excellent article on the politi- cal condition of the United States, depicts the ever increasing spirit of hostility which reigas between the Northern and Southern States, and our contem- porary diveerns in the restless and imperious policy of the latter a source of much future evil. In the opinion of the Débats, it is to the Southern States that mest be ascribed the responsibility of any home. or foreign disturbances, and it thus expresses it sel If :— It is not in the North, the real cradle of liberty, in- dustrial activity, civilization and of progress, that the thirst of annexation exists, but in the South, which plans and accomplishes those conquests that have become for it a fatal neceasity. It has con- tinually want of fresh territory for the culture of cotton, which exhausts in five years the best soil; of new supplies of slaves to mect the ever increas ing demand for cotton in America and Europe; and of new slave States to ensure its dominatioa, and by that the continuation of slave institutions. Thus, Europe is dirctly interested in the question ef slavery, for the spirit of contest, its natural conse- quence, cannot fail to bring about in a short time most serious conflicts between the Union and the different States of Europe, similar to the one which now menaces Spain. The animosity which exists since ten years in America towards the Baropean emigration and strangers in general, is well known. This unimosity, which is personified by Know Nothingiem, is the more unaccountabls irom the fact that precisely to this emigration is the Union indebted for a great portion of its prosperity. It is above all the South which nourishes that sentiment, becauge it sees in emigration an auxfiary of the abolitionist party. The sympathies for Rassia, scarcely dissimulated, which Europe remarks in as tordshment, is a logical proof of the tendency of the South, betrayed ia its foreign policy. These Rissian sympathies will, however, appear perfectly aatural, When we reflect on the singular analogy of the ques- tion of slavery, which agitates the Union, and the Eastern question, which has disturbed all Europe Our contemporary concludes by expre conviction that the good sense and morality ‘orthern States will finally triamph over the ¢ xerous policy of the Soath, but that great effovts will be demanded to bring about 60 desirable a tri- uinph, on the realization of which depends the pros pe nay the very existence of the Unioa, The New Brit sh Commander-fir Chief tn the Crimea, (from the London Globe, Nev. 4 Lieutenant General Sir William John Codrington, K.C. B., the new Commanderin-ehief of the aray in the Crinea, is the eldest surviving son of Admiral Sir Edward Codrirgton, G.C. B., whose crowniag achievement wae the vietory -of Navarino, wheu the equadrons of England, France and Russia acted urder bis generel directions. Sir William was born, we believe, in 1805, and is now in his fiftieth year, He entered the Coldstream Guards ia 1821, and rose through the diferent regimental wteps to the rank of captain and lieutenant colonel. He received the brevet rank of colonel in 1845, and became a nw eneral in the brevet of Jum , 1854. Dar tion of thirty-three | stree Wiliam “Codriy oF wit end couiteous to thore around him. His ae. | to the rank of geveral last year leit him un- employed just at the commencement of the war, and te sling of te expedition to the Crlmons Lande he sailing of the ion to tl Ros who held the office of quartermaster general to the army, was compelled to return home it Lealth, and Brigadier General Airey was pated to sneveed him. This left the command of a to be filled up by Lord Raglan. General rs was at hand, his qualities were known, and within, we believe, a fog eo of the departure of the ex- pedition trom Varna, he was paced at the head of the first brigade of the light division, then composed of the Soe Twenty-third and Thi irty-third ments. The distinguished part played by the ade and its commander at Alma ly be repeated here; it is sufficient to say e the care of most of the geveral officers at = + was Codrington’s first engagement, and f coolness and absence of excitement with which he went through the day were remarkable. At the battle of Inkermanu it was General Codrington who first became aware of the Russian approich. In the battle Gcneral Codrington’s ry was more than once noticed by Lord Raglan; aud when Sir George Brown was obliged to come to Malta in con- ence of a wound received that day, he was Je to command the light division. During long and dreary winter. more trying by far than the sharp and sudden shocks of war, General Codrington never left his pest for 2 day. He was: always to be found ministering, as far a8 possible, to the wants of his men, and sustaining bis officers under the most figentic discouragements. {t a literally the fact bat Sir William Codrington ha& not been a day ab- sent from duty from the landing at Old Fort to the pean moment. A better proof of his physical qua- fications could not be adduced. en the new campaign commenced with the spring, General Cedrington again became a leading actor in the scene. It was he who superintended the arrange- ments by which General Shirley so gallantly won the Quarrics on the 7th of June, and when the final assault was made on the th of September, the com- mander-in-chief’s opinion was evinced by his se- lection of him to conduct the attack on the Redan. Of the generalsbip displayed on that occasion some hasty and intemperate, and some careful and valua- ble opinions, have been expressed. The fact, how- ever, that thore most competent to judge approve of the conduct of those who were in command, must be taken as deci-ive of a point which among civilian must be always a vexed qnestion. As regards Sir William Ccdrington, we can only express our belic from all we hear of the sentiments of the army, that if a commanderin-chief were to be selected by the suffinves of the troops, an euormous majority would ratify the choice which the government have made, in tlie confidence that it will redound to the honor of the British arms. The Belgian mabe gare on the Scarcity of svod, The Belgian Monitcur publishes the following re- port, addressed to the Flog, under the date of Uct. 26, by the Minister of the Interior :— Suiz—When the price of provisions is high, the people regret to sree them turned aside from their natural destination, and always reek the intervention of government to prevent manufactares absorbiug articles which are necessary for public sustenance. Thus, at this time, there are demauds from all sides that the manufacture of sturch should be limited, without coneidering that such a measure would im- mediately injure the various workmen who live by working at industrial occupations in which the use of starchy matters is indispeusable. Your Majesty is aware that corn and potato starch are necessary in manufactures, whether a3 the basis of glue, for preparation of paper, the stiffening of cloth, &«., and surely no ove would contemplate putting serious ob- stacles in the way of important fabrics by which thousands of woikmen live. All that can be legitimately done is to encourage to the utmost every effort to replace by other sub- stances the feculent matters which are now used in manifectues. Experinents bave been made with thot view, and, if I have been well informed, in some cases not without success. Everything seems to peta that well-sonducted investigations wil] be able to poiut out some non-ali- mentary substance which way be sconeceouly substituted for starch. I believe, Sire, that it will be useful to encourage such researches, and I there fore have the honor of proposing to your Maicaty to ofe: a reward of 10,000 francs to any inventor who may fiud the means of attaining the above results. P. BepEcKER, Minister of the Interior. This report is followed by a royal decree of the same date, which authorises the Minister of the In- terior to dicpore of a sum of 10,600 francs, to be tuken from the funds allotted to the home budget for the encouragement of indnstry, for the purpose of in- stituting a prize for the discovery of a non-alimenta- ry substance to replace the use of starch in indus trial occupations in which the latter is at present employed. . _Ancther royal decree, of the 25th October, pro hibits the export of buckwheat. Exploration of the Ri Awexcicon Expioung txpedit A letter bos been received by the Hecretary of the Navy from ‘Ibomas J. Page, Lieutenant in command of the steamer La Yerba, dated Santa Fe, Augast 7th, at which place he arrived feom an exploration of the river Saiado on the 6th of the above named month, The siver Salado empties into the Parana win Fe, the principal town of the province of the name, which is one of the Arcen'ine Gonfederation, ‘epant I'sge was acompenied by Acting Lieutenants Yowell and Murdavgh, AssistantSurgeon Carter, and As- sigtent I ngincer —. officers of the Water Witch. He ret saih on the 1th of July last in the small stewmer La Yerba, which was precured for this purpose, and which belongs to the P aud United States Navigation Company. By the 26th of July he had ascend- ed the river a distance of 260 miles, and found it impos d- te to proceed fa:ther in consequence of the shallowness of the river, Le water at that point being only two and 4 half feet deep, and was still faliing. Such isthe wind- ing characier of the river that, although he had ascended ic the above named distance, be thinks that he was uot mere oe one-third of that distance, in a right line, from Funia Fe, ‘The Salado bas never heretofore been either ascended cr descended to this polut, and the practicability of its navigntion was o problem un olved untilthis exploration. It is the most important river ia the Argentine Confeder- ation, ond is the natural vutlet for the products of Salta, ‘Tucuman, Faniiugo, Mendoza, C ‘a, and Santa Me; but the apprebension of encount insurmountable obstacles, and the tear of the Indians huve deprived the inhabitants of these provinces of its yenelils erer since the first settlement of,the country. ‘The waters of this siver abound wi'h fish, swans, geese, ducks, terrapins, carpinchas, nutrias avd the like, and the adjacent covntry with deer acd other animala; thus sfloi ding to the navigator an abundnace of provisioa, ff he be rupplied with the means of vecuring it. Among the specimens of birds are mentioned the ‘black neck”’ swans. The water in part of the river is too mach inprogaatod with salt to be drasnk, but there are fresh water streams emptying into ft, and fresh water may be obtained by aig ing a short distance fiom the banks. The veaion of country through, which the expedition passed is rey reented tobe beautiful ic scenery and well wooded. The character of the soil is alluvial, based on aigillaceous substratum, and ivis said that all that is wanted to transform this wilderness of country into a garden is the hand of civilized man, The government, aware tbat the resources of this productive country can be developed only by the introduction of a foceign popula: tion, holds out to immigrants the most liberal induce- men’ Lieutenant Page adds: I shall proered from here to the head or upper waters of the Pileomao, with the hope of descending that river. Its exploration has been attempt- ed by others, but hax never been accomplished. If it be pavignole, a knowledge of Unis fact would be af dexp inter: est 10 geographical science, and of iniiuite importa..ce not only to Bolivia, but also vo the Argentine Confeder- ation. Calcutta Trade of Boston. From tbe Boston Vraveiler, Nov, 21.) This trade has #tteined an tinportance at the prosent time which was ifitle dreamed of by the pioneer houses in the business. Within the memory of the writer, .be trade was carried on ty a few houses at Boston ant lem, in small ships and brige wo to tlree haadred fons burthen | There ship« brought assorted carg @- of vaiions binds of goods, but not great quantities of Lae heavier kind of merchandise, such as linseed, saltpetre. hides, hemp, &e. ince that time, and expecially withia the last few years, this trade bas increased with g.oat foity, and has vecnme one of the largest branches of business pursued from this port. The importation: of linseed w: Boston ace evormous, and alm st rival in quantity those of indiae corn. Daring the yea: ending “eprember Ist, 1864, nearly nixe Lund.ed thousand bush- ‘weee importes into Rorton. There were also orvaght ny Culotitta 228,000 gonny bag n00 dales, do.. 129,~ bugs Faltpetre, 10,009 bales hives. &e , and vaat qaan- lites of other goeds. Te jmportations this year wilt jeatly exceed ‘bose of any previous season, as c a constant fleet of chips arriving from the Past indies, with enormous carg es fo comparison with th offormer years. At the lust accounts, sone twe: were lonting atCal- «with Caleatte is al- moet entirely from this port, waod theaa cargo to New York end Philadelphia. 1) ts to be hoped that thie great trade will never be civerted from Boston toany orber rival elty. Yhe entice East India trade peoperly belongs to Boston; but our great china business hay seen pisapely diverted from this port to our secious detri- mont, and to the great advantage of New York. Perhaps it ts impessible for Boston ever to regaia this trade, as it 's now feirly located in New York, and we mast 96 con- tent to import our ha)f-a-doren cargoes ot toa, or tity or sixty thousand ebests a year, but we must take warning fecm the conrse of this trate, and not le: any more slip throvgh our hands fn the same manner. but bold on to or Caloutta, Manilla, Padang, Suratra, Batavia, and Facific buriners, and cause this city t condaue to be the gest mar! for the import nnd aale of al) tne productions of (Lore places, We notice frequently the arrlysl at New York of ips from the above name? porta with cargoes op Poston account, which we are rather sorry ty observe, ard trost that eueh instances may de rae, and never without tome good cause, The proud position of Bostoa moet be maintained a= a great saat of commerce, its in- torésts carefully Watebed, aod the future effects of all present movements studied ond eted upon by all who feel q eeep concern in her progress end advancement. alver, was hotly tnfure The Eaws.s Free State Conv: (Correepoucence of the St. Locks ih Torsca, Friday, * Jast nigh’, in the d+bate on he ex edieacy of o mediate Sute orgavization, Mr. telahay, of Lew tor the first ti pnoae-ed bis in entinn of at the proper stage of the proce tings, be aduption of » consiitution without any clinse mise slavery qnestt on, » proviso leaving it toa vate of the people a! misien into e Union, t9 decide whether the in- ion of slavery shal or shal! not exiat n Kansas, lt seemed to startle t Few of :bem ever dream ‘ecoived, That in view of the work hh the clerks + required to perform, o ming to the day and night -oa sions brat are held by the conve we recomment that the princi)al clerk» and repos allowed rix dole per oh m for their services, aud the othercleres five re per diem. he telect committee, to whom was referred @ resolu- tion offereo by Mr. Goodin, reported the fotlowiag : Fesolved, That the General Assembly shall have no power t pass any lnw whereby the separate estate fs married women, either in proparty, real, pecnoaal or mixed, shad ever be made sudject to the disposal of the bvebund, or subject to the payment of the debts of the husbend ip apy manner, unle-s the written consent of the wife first obtaine!, duly acknowledged und recorded, yisened by at least two witnesses, to be namec by the Hielabay’ “ peech, in whch be gainst an ti:mediate Sek aloe tier, apd in favor of a nov-committal coartitutt n. Mr. Telaboy is the editor of the administration paper in ‘his erritory. ‘The Convention went into Committees of tte Whole on the report cf the Comminee on Legislative rroceed- wife. ‘That tbrG eneral Awembly shall hove no power to pass any Jaw dep iving the mother o' an equality with the fi- ther in the maintenaner, esueation ant care of their chil. den ; and in nv ease rhell the mother be deprived of her chiltren except per account of insanity, intemperance or other gross improprieties. Mr Laymé offered the following rea lution, which was re erred to the Committee on Judiciary : Reslved That human life sh«ll ever be held taviolate, the true object of punixbment being, in addition to the wourity of society, to refkrm and not to exierminate mepkine ; that human life shallnever be taken a3 a pun- irbmen’ for crime ; but the highest punishment inflicted for crime, sball be imprisonment during life in che Stare peniten'iary. 4 letter was presented from Mr. Brown, of the Herald of Fredom, in which he enclosed, by request or the vuthoresa, a pamphlet which she urged the sonvention to consider, It fs entitled ‘Intemperance and Divorce; or, the Duty of \he Drunkard’s Wife; a letter to tne Kxesutive Com- mittee of the Woman’s New York State Temperanse 30- pg by Mra. C. I, H. Nichols,” Reterred to Committee ov Lighta of Married Wowen. ‘The convention went int» Committee of the Whole on Mr. Doige’s reselation requiring the “firnt Legisfata-e to cae the permanent reat of government on undecuydst land. ond the proceeds of the sales of xaid land to be ap- plied to the erection of State bufidings and for school purposes. Th: re was some debate about the resolution; the dele- gates, without exception, favored the idea; but. ova tending that the convention had no power to give such ‘patruetious to the Legislature, the mombers voted It own. Kansas, as bounded by its organic law, extenda to the Rocky Mouptains—some 700 niles from the Missouri tiver, It is aboot 190 miles fem north tosouth. Io the debate on the report of the Counmittee un Apportionmen:s, first and second sections were discussed till noon. The report is very long, and will take some time ty discuss. The committee to wi red, reported the fellowing resolution: — Rerolved, That it is the duty of the Executive Committee of Kansas Terriiory to cause to be issued t the people ot Kepaas ® proclamation submitting to th electors for their approval o: ¢ieapproval, the questio of the passoze of stringent luwas by the first tor for the exclusion of free n from the Ftu.e the ques tion to be submitted a dintinet proposi’ion upon the da the new constitution isvubmitted, in the following form “ Exelusion of negroes and mulatton: aye or no; and 8 mojority of the votes cast should bein fuvor of sal Jaws, then the raid vow shali operate as instructions t the first Legislature upon raid question, Tt was ordered to be pr mtea ‘The report on legislative proceedings was again taken up. ys young member moved several amendments, whic called for'b the indignaion of the venerable Chairman who told ap arectote very apropos. Axon, or grandson ef Alexander Homilton, moved amendments to every rea lution, bill or report presenied to the Legislature. He Decame av apneyance, An Id gen captato, who had been elected, proposed to ffer a resolution. His frlenda told bim that ao Hamilton would offer to amend it. He presented it, Young Hamilton offerrd av amen iment as anticipated, The old tar wax enreged. “D- n ic, gen- tleanen !” he exclaimed, jumping up, “1 believe if you were to cffer a {ext from the PBivle, Mr, Hamilton wouid prcpere an amendment,’’ This exclama ion ruiae! Hamil ton’s infuence for two year. Everythiag be propose! was inst» ntly vo'ed cown, Mr. Waketieldzho; the youog gentlemen of the convention would take the moral of his anecdote to heart, When the commitiee rose the report, as far as proceed- ed wi b, read thus:— the Wack question was refer- on the west by a line drawe north and south, about 180 wiles frm the M‘ssouri river, This would make a large and almost square State. ‘The majority of the delegiias seerwed to favor the division; but supposing that Con- ess alone bad tte power to nound the Territories, fixed the boundaries aa indicated in the Kaovas Nebraska ac, 8 1856. The evening reseion met at half paxt «ix. Mr. Schuyler desired that a letter from 8. P. Chase, the Governor elect of Obio, he read tor information Mr. Vasnorr and Mr, DBLAMAY expressed their disappro- bation of reading the loiter, as out of orier in a legisla. tive body; whilaDr. Koninson, on the contrary, gave no- tice thrt ir Mr. Delaay’s Nebraska resolution passed, he would move a resolutiva of congratulation on Mr. Chase's election. The covvention the» went iuto Committee of the Whole on Mr. Delubay’s *N-braska ves lution,” and the amead- ments ¢flered to it. The resolution, as reported from the select committee to whom it wos referred, reads thas:— Rerolved, That tisks convention xpprove tho priccipty of squuiter sevsreiguty. snd non tater vention of the peo- ple of the states ax well as of Congress, in the local af. fairs of Territories ond States, Mr. Crosby’s substitate ix as follows:— Rerolved, That the action of the bill under which the Territory of Kansas was organized has not secured that wiich it professed to guurautee; that the thus constituted have utterly foiled to secu quillity of this Te:sftory, or the political 1 ARTICLE. Concerning the distriyution of the powers of govern- ment. bec. 1. The powers of the government of the State of Kanea ehall te divided inte thee distinst department>, nam dlegisiative, execotive, jucicial. fee. 2. Va person r budy of persons composing those departments rhall exereine ay of thw powers properly belonging to eitrer of the others, exeeyt ae hereinafter expressly provided for ARTICIE 11. See. 1. The Iegirla‘ive power of the State shall he vested iu a General Assembly, which shal! consist of a ~ennte and Hr use of Representatives. Tbe renators aac Reure. sentatives shull be choser every yeur, both to be eles:ed by the people. fee. 1. No person shell be a representative who sha'l not have aituiued the »ge of twen'y-one years, who shat! not be a citizen of the United States, and a resident of this State at ihe Grst aection after forming this constiva. tion at least three wouths and ao actual resident of the district from which he ix elected en the day of tue ele:- tien; and at all other elec'ions a» Teast six mon’hs, and a reridept of the county or distric! at ‘east thirty days next preceding the ek ction. Sec. 8. There -huli be elected at the first election twenty Senators and rix'y Representatives, and the num- ber alterwarés shall be regulated by law. see. 4, No person shall bo @ Sevator who has not ar- dived at the age of *wenty.one years, who shall not be a citizen of the United Sta'er, un* who shell not bave ights of the clizens therein: that, *herefore, we fall back upon the principles of Poprler sovereignty a3 enurciated in the Naticnal Bil cf Fights, believing such principles alone to have been sustained in the ‘sage of the Kansas- resided ip the State of Kansas at- least three months pre rake d also believing that in ths pre-ent vious to the first elec ion, and an inhabitant of the dis- | emergency such is the only means of securing the poli- trict from which he ir vlected on the day of the election; } tical rights of be people of Kansas, or the peace ani se- and at all o:ber elections at Jeast rix months, and a | curily of the same. resident of the eounty cr district at least thirty days pro: cecing the election. Sec. 5, The Sevate and Houre of Representatives, wheu ssrembled, »hall exch choose their necessary officers fo: cor ducting i's business; and tie House of Representa tives +ball elect a speaker, by baliot. Each Huuse shill be the judge of tre qualivea'i 2 and election of ite mem- bers, ard rit up:n its own aijournments: a majority of each Rouge shall constitute 8 quorum to do bustuess, but asmaller number may acjourn frow day to day, ond of absent members. Li keep # Journal of its proceed ings and publish them; the yeas and nave of the memoors on any question rhull, at the desire of any two of the: be entered on the jSurvals, Sec. 7. Each House may determine the rales of 1ts pro- ceedings, punish its members tor disorderly behaviour oud with the conguryence ot two-tbirds expel a member, but not a second time for the same offence. 8. When yacancirs bappen in either House, the Governor, or the perrou exercising the power of Governor, sLall isene writs of election to Gil such vacencies. tec. 9, Seuators and Representatives shail, in all casos exorp! treason, felony or breach of the prace, be privi- Jeged fom arrest Curing the session of the General As sembly, and in golngsto and returning from the same; and ‘or opy speech or debate in either Huure, they shall not be questiened In any other place, The debaie on Mr. Sunith’s resolution of Lestruction to the various ecmnn ittees ‘to frawe their work baying in view an immeciate organiza'ion of a state govecament,’’ war re umed ai the ev ning session Wr, DELAHAY openrd the derte in 2 speech against an immediate organization, and in tavor of a non-committs copsiPution. Aa Mr. Delahay ix the representative of the vaticral administraion in Kansas, his views on the subjects treated uf here are entitied to some considera- Dr Rorixox's amendment, by way of preamble, t> Mr. Delohay’s 1e-olution. is taken from the preamble of a se- vies of resolutions drawn up by the executive committee, adopted at a mass meeting at Lawrence some time ago. Ti is in vhese word: 2— Wheres s, The Territorial government as now oonsti- tuted for Kensas, hes proved a failnre—squatter sov: relgnty under its’ workings # miserable delusion, There. fore, resolved. &e. After consideravle discussion the vote was taken—15 against, 16 for Pelubay’s resolution ax unamendied. ‘This vote has created a great deal of angry teeling. The “previous question” was denounced as a gag.law. Dr. Robinson gave notice he would move a reconsidera- tion to-morrow. Whe republican and democratic parties have been formed by {t. American Catholic College ta Rome. POPE PIUS IX. TO THE AROU-BISHOP AND BISHOPS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK. r1Us P,P, IX. Vexrranie Bravmees:—Bealth and Apostolic Blessing. ‘The letter sub cribed by you ail was delivered to us by ovr vensrabie brother, John Bishop of Buffalo, whom we reseived most kindly, and lis'ened to with grew p easuce speaking cfyour affairs. Certainly it wax no «mall joy to us to Jearn more and more from that venerable brother, as well as from your le‘ er, bow reek piel love an obedience you bear toward us and this chair of Pelor. the centre of Catholic truth and unity, Most gladly we learn with what episcopal soicl ude you provided for the cele: bration of the drat Provincial Synod of New York —whose acts according to ancient rule, you have rent to us, and asked that we would vouchénfe toapprove, or even, where necd may be, correct, : You Will receive a fit answer from oar congregation for the prepagation of the faith, to whose attention we have reterzed the octs of the Gouncil, and in the letter of that Council you will bave a new proof of the great affection which we entertain constantly toward you, vevera- ble brethren and your churches. Bat whi in the meantime, ‘we mwnnounce to you that your wishes been gratified by us in the election of 2 new Bishop of Portland, we cannot but praise the pas. tora) solicitude with which, according to the sacred canes. you wsembled, and’ invoking the light of che Holy Chost, have etriven hy mutual advice to estavtish way ecnduce to the discipline of the cl , to wore and more cherishing the piety of the faithful pe >- ple, to rooting out the seeds of vices, to averting the éangers of sedve ip, and more correctly instcucting the youth in the true fai h and in solid vi-tue. But while we highly ¢mmend this to your zeal, so worthy ot Catholic yrelates, we encourage you anew thet, leas on the Divine aid, you may proceed with lacrity to fultil al the duties of your office, ng anything untried by which our must holy re- ligion, and i's saluiary doctrine. may receive grea er in- creuse in hove i¢g ons, and tbat the unbappy wanderers may return to the poth of sstvstion, But spare never, veperable brethren, any “rer, avy counsels, =, labora, that, while there are any unbelievers to be foand in your dioceres, ats in uese aud the ahadow of death, you mey be able to eniighien them with the light of the gospel, anc to guin them to Christ. But that you may provide more easily for the wants of your dioceses, and may be made to have skilful and in @ustrious laborers who can help you in cuidvating the vineyard of the Lord, we most cainestly wish, as we al ready bave intimated to some of your order, (who to our bo common giatification were here in Rome on the occa- sion of ovr dogmatic definition of the Inmaculate Con- ception of the Mother of Got,) that comparing your ad- vice and uniting your resonrces you would please to erect in this our fair city of Rome a college appropriated to the clergy jour pation, for your wisiom will instract you how great advanteges may redound to your dioceses from an institution of that Kind. Because by thie arrangement, youth chorea by you and sent bither as the hype of religion, will grow np as ina nvrsery, and imbued bere with piety and with an excellent education, and drawing from its very fountain adoctrine incorrupt, and learning the institutes and the mites and holy ceremonies ia the method of chorch which is the mother and mistresa of all Curme, a young wan of great spirit and considera- ble talent, euppor'ec an immedia‘e organization, Mr. Pankor, of Leavenworth, succeded, He taade one riest efforts, Mr, FCICYLER supported bim, and was ably followed in the same !ine of w gum: n° by Dr. Rounsoy. Mr. Lanx cloted the evening ses+ion, Moxpay, Nov. 5. 1855. ‘The convention went into Committee of the Whole on the repert of ihe Committee on Jurisprudence, A» amend. ed it vende th fee. 1. The constitute thr eral Assembly, at its first session, shall ers, whose duty it shatl be to revise, reform, simplify and abridge the rules, practice, pleadings, forms avd proceedings of the Courts of Recort Of this tate, and to provide, so faras practicable ani expedient, that justice sball beadministred by intelligt- ble and wniform’ proceedings, without any distinction ve- twoen law and equity. Fee. 2. The proceedings of the commissioners shall be reported to be General Assembly, and te subject to the setion of that body and such eommis-ton shall terminate upon the rendering of the report, unless otherwise pro video by law, Py thi» article it will be seen that chancery business is 1 dged in the law courts; that John Doe and Richard Roe have been excluded ir: m the Territory, an? that one-halr of the fees usually paid to lawyers under the old practice. will be saved to the unprofessional community. Good for Karras. Mr. Goopm offered the following resolution:—“esolved. By this convention, thata + committee of five be appointed with instructions to reports plan to secare end protect the righ's ¢fmorried women. ‘After a few remarks on this subject by Mossra, Goodin Schuyler avd Smith, who spoke in favor of it, and by Messrs, Hunt and Hunting, who opposed it, a Commnittes on the Rights of Married Women was ‘appointed by the chair. By Mr. Dovce—Resolved, That the first Legislature be required to locate the permanent seat of government on unoccupied land, and that tho proceeds of the sales of vaio land be applied to the erection of State buildings avi school purposes. This resolution was made the special order for Tuesday, at 2 o’clcek P. M. By Mr. K101%—Resolved, That when this convention adjourns it atjourn to meet on the 4th day o March try awill be nexi; and that it shall be the duty of the convontion | Ctbers, when they returm to their coum Arus'met, it, in cheir opiofon, they deem itexpatient, ty | sPy Wrorerly 10 discharge the ee a pall a profensor, and to shine as an example of lite to the peop'e. to instruct the ignocant, and to bring back the erring to the paths of truth and justice ax well as, by the armor of sound doctrine, to coafound the maf ners and refute the feilacies ot men of gnile. If you wili ratify this our desire, which looks only to the 11 \1ua} goed of those regions, we certainly, as much as thes in ust will not orcit to assist you with all dhtigence, that you may esablish the xaid college. Finally, we would assure yon that we offer earnest prayers to the Mo racious ES ted Cs ina colette may pour out always npon you favoral richest gifts or goodvess, that there’ also any daccond copiously upon the beloved flocks committed to your charge. And as the pledge of these, und as a witness of oar moat thoughtful lve toward you, we very affectionately be- stow trom car inmost heart, on each of you, and on all the clergy ea faithful laity Of those churehes, the apos- tolie benedietien, Given at Rome, at St. Peter's, January 1, 1855, {nthe ninth year of our poutisicate. PIs P,P. IX. bona Monte Petore Juige MeCarthy. Nov, 22—Btisha Buckman and oihers we, Russell Star. (és. —This was an action brought by the owners of ths steom tug Jno. Marshall ened the owner of the tear ing Titan, to recover $600 dumages for @ collision which took place between the two vessela on the morning of the t, at 13 o'clock A. M. It sppeared in evi- which was conflicting, that the Marshall had Inneed a tow at the Atlantic dock, and had just got into the Enst river, when she observed the Titan coming down the Eart river, and about Srgortie Falton ferry slip. The Titan ad no light up, but the Marshall bad. The Mar- shali’s Feople testified that ‘were unable to me the Vitar’s couree until Just upon them; but they stopped, slowed and backed, and ported their helm, “There wae the usual collision between the testimony, as bet ween the yeowela, and the case consumed three days fn trying it. the collision in, ered Soa Boreal ent ey suck 3 sev ea phich Wee petate oF fosisted upon either side fix a Lime for the election of all’ officers provided tor in the constitution; and that they shall have power to ad- journ trom time to time until such objacs be effeated. Resolved, That the above re-olution bo, with the con- stitution, submitted to the people of this State for their adoption. Tid on the table, ‘This af’ernoon baa been spent in debat a introduced by Mr. Klotz, declaring that wi vention adjourns it adjourn to meet on the fourth day : March next, and that it be its daty at that time, if expe- dient, to fix a day for sach elections as are provided for in the constitution. As this resolution involwed the question of {mmodi:te organization, it praduced a good de. of talk, bat ao set speech, excep’, perhaps, the remarks of Mr. Klotr, of - Fawnee. The report of the Committee on Appointments was pressed through the Commitiee of the Whole, and was slightly amended. It camo out io the © sure of the talk en the report, that Governor Reeder, not knowing any settler in onr almost uninhabited district at the cime of his first election proclamati m, appoiaiet a voti pre cinct at the bowe ot a Mr. Smith. He thought that there wax any white man in the district, thers must of necessity be & repre-entotive of the great family of the cmithe? But there was no Smith—nor even « Jones in that country. At the opening of the evening session Mr. Devauay presented the following report.— A mojorliy of the se ect committee, to whom was re- ferred the resolution assigned for Tharsday, at 2 o'clock P. M., as the special order of the day, report the foltow- ing as a substitute, to wits— ‘hecolved, That this cenvention approve the principle of equatter sovereignty and son intervention by the peo- pls of ‘heStates. as well as by Congress, in the local: affairs of Territories and States, Various amendments were offered ani the matter fully Cisenssed. jy which the committee rose and asked lenve to sit ogain. ~ = TuRspAY, Novy. 6, 1855. conven Commi ‘Whole were ‘vessels had proper lookout«, nor ported pabebs No. _ eo 9, err ai Sor bens in time; thatthe Han bad no lights up; but amended, the Secretary of State Auditor, Treasurer, | it was by. one. of the respectable witnestes, Attorney General, Surveyor General, State at, | hat the moon oe Rk To thls It was te. tate Printer, and Prison Inspectors, are to be for Es vay bem ater the collidom, "On this sunjon 0 the people, bey paws committee to whom was referred ‘‘cottain resolutions on the subject of ixcaing evideners of debt agoinet pnt vem bo ae to aa ed al re tema mat - interest, and also to report nergy ‘iment was occasioned, as buth sides had testi- . Court laid down the law, and brfef absence, rendered a verdict ome ed to the meon being jury retired; and aft or plaintifis. Demme gainat the State of Karas,” rej remit . L. Zemp, of Camden, vs. the Wilintage ‘ at te Raflrea 1 Company, was teted at Sam- clved, That the evitence of indebtedness oa t to Raffree the one? n of the committer, to dear faterest at toa par | ve vil last week, and the jary b enican per sant f work Any Mr. Klotz, cf Pawnee, suggested that Kanaas o© bounded , satcnemen gry Insurance Companies= 6 Cause of the Ship Tames Cheaton, (From the Baltimore Toseriea: Nov. 22.) CUROUTT COUBT OF THE UNINED sTarus, Before the lien. Chief Jusiive Taney tod Jac Giles, ‘The o»ae of the United States vs Captain juaoph. White, leter Chasou and John E Pack: vp this morping, when the indictment charging them witn felontoualy, ‘and corruptly cas away the «hip James ‘belong. ing to Gulioway Cheston, on the 25th of February, 1838, while the saxd ‘vessel was within the maritime and adwi- salty jurisdiction of the United States, and within the Jurisdiction of this Court; the indictment also charges the secu ed. with au intent to defraud sundry inauranoe L was called on an ‘There being four counts in ‘he indictment, 8. Tesckle Wallis, beg... the counsel (or Captain White, addressed the Court in relation to the selection of a specitic felony by the government upon which to try the accused. The motion was argued at some length by Mr. Wallis, and Bsencenis were cited to the Court which went to show at it was proper that ao election should be made or that the Court should quach the counts which would not be relied upon for a conviction by the government, ‘Ine Court remarked that the election could be made afier the cvidenee was all in and before the case war ar- guec before the jury. A motion was made by Mr. Wallis to try the porties separately—in support of which motion Captain Wiite, would bo tho opoosig of tan desooes oe ‘aptain White, wor the 6 ite of the defence of- feree tn the cave of Chacon and Packwood. This motion sas granted by the Court, and the District Attorney elected that Cagtelis Whi'é should be first tried. p deciding upon the trial ot the parties separately, the Cou:t remarked that as the offence aileged agafnet them was 4 capital one, they would not be competent to testify in bebaif ef each other. Captain White was then placed at the bar, and Chason ond Pack woo? were remanded to prison. ‘Ibe indictment was read to the jury by the clerk, after which the District Attorney made a brief statement, in which he 1ehe#sed the facts which he expected to prove by the witnesses, urd upon which he should rely for a cinvistion of the accused. Jebn A. Robb was called to the stand, and being sworn, testified ws foilows:—Witnexs built the ship James Ches- ton tor Mr, Galloway Cheaton; the vesvel ieft the port of Paltimore some time during the month of February, 1855; abe was as tinea ship sa was ever built at this g t, the person for whom the ship was built was per- ctly suti-fedshe was reported to be as well taulked as any vesvel built at the port; the caulking was done by Cut. Bev. ns; new vessels generally leak during the first voyuge, especially if they have been a long time in build- ing; be water tank was perlectly tight when the ship was Inuncbed; the tank was made ot iron, Capt. Bevans, sworn—The James Cheston was a fine built ship ; no spared in ita construction, or tion of the material; she was the best ecoulked vessel he ever saw ; the work of building the tbip was dene under bis superintendance ; the cautking War dene by while peroons ; it is generally done by ne- gives ; new vessels generally leak ; the pumps io the Chestcn were fixed in the best manner, and xo arranged that they would not fatigne the seamen’ in working them ; they worked by wheels, which is different from the usual way ; the pumps were made of copper ; some new vessels leak #0 much, that the pumps have to be constanzly in ston leaked at first, but took up gradually of the planks ; to pump four times a day & ; iv is not dangerous to resort to pump- ing every two houre, Willian D, Joves, sworn—Is a ship carpenter; laid of the work geueraily. snd moulded the frame of the Jamen Cheston; “he isthe ‘ovmen ot Mr, Roob; the Cheston 18 @ well Dui}: ship nnd is well canlked; she had a first ra‘e white cok frame, oak bottom and ceiling and yeliow pine ceck; the tank was large; does not kaow its eapa- city; new vessels generally leak when first launched; witness his been a ship carpenter for tweny yeara, snd to bis knowledge there never was a better ship built in Keltimore, Jobn Davis, swoin—Is a ship carpenter; was employed to plank ibe James Chestoa; she was well caulked; con. sidered ber vo be @ fives rate vessel; had oomstant occa- tion to notice her widl-t being built; the tank held from 2,600 to 4,000 gallons; the tank was bulit of trom; does not know when it was Giled, Captein Leeds, sworn—Wae asea captatu forty-eight or forty pine = the James Cheston was loaced at » wharf which was nnder his charge; she was thre about tbirty-rix or thirty-eight days; ‘be was frequently on board of Ler, and consitered her as good a vessel as’ was ever buiit in Baltimore, Jobn Davis, reca led by the defence—When vessels are first launched belt boles are sometimes cverlooked; wit- ees rem+mbered ap int tence where a bolt hole was over- locked; it war discovered before the veanel lett bof, tobe Kober t Scott, sworn—Was a sailor on the Jacoes Ches- ton; went on the ship on the Ist of Lebruary, at Annapolis Rads; the first night he was on the vessel he was epgsged at pump'ug fitieen or twenty minates; the ship bad et eee inches of water when mee pomp sucked; pumpe in the next marning about the tame Iengitr of time; the ship was in aed Rowds all day; pumped again io the eveutog; the leskage was about the sume; thinks she made ten or twelve inches Curing the night; pumped every hour of the night after the ship left Cape Henry; cid not pump dur- ing the cay; sucked three oc four times on each occasion; the iewon why the vessel sucked was because the dramed; on the morning of the 26th of February, when the vessel was + eserted, wiinexs was unwell and was sent to the houre; he heard that a ve-sel was in sight; was arbed if the witness would leave the vessel; saw one of the beats coming from snother vessel with the first mute apd four of the men; was on deck when the boat came back; the mate or captain asked ff al! wera willing to leuve ihe si ip; wus told that the water was very vad on the ship, and that he would not have so gvod a lime to lexve her as at present; he was told that the vessel was leaking; he that he was willing to leave; the Captain and mate were in the fore part of the vesssl, wHere they a:ked the men if they would leave; he went aft at the time. and was calied forward avd asked to leave in the presence of the others; the vessel was pumped ali the morning; the watch was at the pump ; was uot making much water atthe time; tho mate called out, “pump away, pompaway,” when there was no wate: to pump; Lad to pour water in the pumps to make them work, and when that was out had to pour in more water; he left the vessel wita the captain; the mates left m the last boat; there were two or three boat loads after the captain left; he saw en auger chisel and mallet on the store room floor; ssw them late in the afternoon of the cay the vessel was aban- doned; did not see them an; rates in the store room that day; they were there when he raw the chivel and auger; in the house on deck; heard a noi the stcre room; don’t know what it was; the store room was back of the cabin; saw the captain sound ten! neg about three or four o’ciock in the afternoon; fiftecn incbes water; that was the first ume they were sounded curing the day; they were sounced a second time when thee was betwee: two ands half and three feet water; the seco: then: nothi in; water made the stese room throu ‘ Mr. Wallis here objected to receiving evidence which related to the mate’s conduct. The Court decided it to be admissable, and the eaptain and rao were indicted jointly, and the examination was resumed. Witness eaid he went down after provisions; heeut the hatch door away; the mate told him to come out; that there was plenty of provisions on the other vessel; the mate told bim that the ship was sinking; the two mates two of the sailors of the other ve were on when he left; it was some time after was fine, the captain <id not come on deck for or ceven days afier the ship left the capes; he deck regularly afier that except at night; he was ing about; left the capes on the 4th of turned for St, Thomas on the 16th; oa Went on the brig; of those who lett the F s& Hi ‘minzton, seme to Borton and others veston ; tle wes made inthe end ofthe caak ar the water rast a hole was water ran out, th T aslet out on the 2th, before lesving th clone ofthe man wan afc; ba 8 from the miz ast; the water was not fit to drin! “hy t ‘Court_—The water was sal it wae in the tank hac beeu used. By the District Attorney—Had not used the water of the tank before ihe course of the veseel was 5 the buteh vessel, end the plag was taken fcom tho bot- tom of,the other and it was sent adrift; the the vetel whe leaking before he had sounded; the mates took no Wision out; the day preceding the abanion- ment of the vessel the weather was fresh. | Ry the Couri—The vo:rel wes seaworthy with the crew iy making the vaya By the defenee—They were kept at the pumps nigh! ond aa; several of the crew we ¢ sick from the weter of the tank, the yates nee lacy | and i te pote soon as 1 of water they got well; the captain qascn tbedek hen she cba : asked to leave the veerel Le did not onjeot; leave becaure the water was bad, and the captata that the +bip was sinking: another reason was bad received bad treatment from the hands of the sec: mate; the caplain veldom rreate! them badly; the mate beat the men with pieces of wood and with ropes he a ght a We ‘aan he was from 28; another part of the veseel wi in the cabin; one of the men said Dis Frees in water between decks; the hole in the cark to let the water out; be and several of the others crank some of the water; some of 4 ourly stated that they had stolen water out of the cask and were detecied by the mates. By the District Attorney—It was the captain who raid, that he was up to his knoos in water; there was mo occa sion to leave the vessel on @cc runt of leakage. By the defence--He did not hesr the captain say that there wae waier bewween decks; it was one of the men who told him that the captain said so, He did not hear the conversation between the captain and the man, ‘The examination of this witness being concluded, 1 court adjourned, Bayxrorr Crrms—San Franciseo is burdened) with a debt she cannot pay, and her treasury fa empty: New Orleans has disposes of the use of her public wharces for the term of wares ears, #0 a8 to raise money) safMieient to pay the val ot her school ; Phila- delphia bas nota collar in her treasury; Ubicago ‘is in a sorry financial condition—her treasury is entirely empty, and thore in the employ of the ei'y go begging for the wages due them, John Cockshot, » segne talk 6 beloved bid wah leet wee F ! 2 » heat