The New York Herald Newspaper, October 17, 1855, Page 2

2 s THE NEXT MOVEMENTS OF THE ALLIES. VIEWS OF THE ENGLISH PRESS, PEREKOP AND NIKOLAIEFF. Descrt of the Same from the Travels in Seuthern Russian and the Crimea, by the Count Anatole de Demidot. 4 {From the London Times, Sept. 26.) THE CZAR’S VISIT TO THE CRIMEA. For the first time since his suddem accession the Czar is now traversing his vast and silent empire to the neigh- Dorhood of his great reverses. He is about to enter that region of his dominions which nature has most hight Sevored, and which is one of the granazies of the world, Although he will not penetrate into the Crimea to from atar on the battle fields of the past months, and the ruined city, which is now in the hands of his enemies, he will not the less become acquainted with the horrors of war, Whatis the state ef the rich provinces which his ancestors have w m the Porte, of the cities which received the produce of the south, and accumu- Jated the wealth which has been so lavishly spent on ar- ‘mies and fortresses ? Almost from the latitude of Moscow he will begin to perceive the desolation of the land. Empty stalls and unsown fields will mark even the cireumference of the great area which been drained for war. As he advances he will look on every side over boundless plains, from which not only carts and-oxen, corn and forage have been swept, ‘but where men are scarce and the ser{s abandoned fami- Jy is tolling ons pateh of ground, while its head is far off, driving his owo wagou, laden with his owa produce to supply the insatiable wants ofa vast army. The Czar oft Russia have never been indifferent to the materia pons of their land, for they have seen in it the only sis of future conquest. In these days the peasant and the trader are necessary to the soldier’s maintenance and the resistance of Sebastopol itself was only made pos- sible by the developement which Southern Russia, in spite of fiseal restrictions, had received by commerce during a Jong reign of peace. ‘The Emperor Aloxander may then well look with dismay on the exhaustion which will weak- en his armies and hamper his pvlicy for many a year, and reflect that the greatest ruin ix not at Sebastopol. ‘The desolation will deepen until the imperial equipage is within the ramparts of Nicholaieff; but vain and shallow must the sovereign be whom the sight of the strongest and best stored arsenal could console for withered pros- perity and a decimated people. ‘The defence of bis second naval stronghold in the south will probably now receive the Czar’s fui attention; and, indeed, ita danger is suificient to shut out all’ other thoughts. But, if he has time to reflect on the past, he may Jearh much from the teachings of the present war, made more forcible to him by the scenes through which he has passec. It is now litle more than two years since his father, in defiance of right, occupied a province of a despised opponent. Nicholas neither wished for nor ex- pecied war, Hewas, in one senre, unprepared for it, for though his armies were always numerous and his fortres- #es lled with stores, he woull never have entered on a struggle with united Europe without complete and spe- cial preparations. He bad so long been an arbiter to sovereigns (hat he could not conceive an independent opinion ‘among them, much less unned opposition to is power. England he thought too busy, France too distracted, for war; that they should unite us allies aud enforce a common object was an idea that his- tory seemed to banish. 7) thought to attain his end, as he had often succeeded before, by a haughty demonstation of power, supporting a diplomacy by turns menacing and subtle. His arrogance, howev»r, bad roused Europe more thavhis acts themselves. He had before on- tered the Principalities, but not before avowedly ay a con- queror; and it was long since the world had seen an inya- sion without even the decency of a pretext, It was now necessary to withsiand Europe in war; for, if he receded, there was no longer a Cvar aud a Russia in Europe. Ihe gel! would te broken which enchained princes and peo- along so many thouvand miles of frontier. He took is course with boldness, relying on the weakness of his nearest enemy, and hoping to. crush the Ottoman armies before more powerful antagonists could arrive. How this hope was frustrated is now written in inperishable re cords. * * * * * * * * Ifon the Danube and in the Crimea the fortune of war has been against the Czar, the campaigns in Asia can afford lim but little consolation. It is difficult to say which must be the more mortifying, the magnitude of his disasters or the pettii of his successes. The great losses in men and the facilities for future warfare which areinvelved in bis defeat by the allies must be mate more bitter by the prospect that the force which he seat to Asia to counterbalance by its victories the reverses of Lurope bas for months been engaged in ineiective hosti- lities against the remains of last year’s beaten army, re inforced only by a few hasty levies, neglected by the Ministers ot the Porte and almost forgotten by England and France. We are well aware of the obstinacy of the Russian cha- raeter, and that in the linperial family there 1s at least one member who has all the ambition of Peter or Ni- cholas, combined with all the passions that anima ‘the ignorance of the priests and the fanaticism of the people. the Russians, too, may be said to care Little about defeat, which, from its constant recurrence, they look upon as'a necessary accompaniment of all theit wars. But, while itseems likely that the successor of Nicholas will continue the contest that his fatuer began, Europe need not fear that his hereditary policy will pre vail through any blindness on our part: Russta’s invo luntary entrance into a desperate conflict, and the calami ties rhe has since suffered, are in no small degree due to the late Crar’s imperfect conception of the moral changes which had taken place in Europe. He though! he had merely to do with statesmen, and if that had been the cas if have been successful; but it proved that Ue peopl: great occasion was is own Prime Minister. He it there must ever be two wiverse Powers in Western Europe, and two adverse parties ia the British Parliament. How such expectations have been deceited may be a lesson to his son not to trust a policy because it was suecessful in times trom which our own differ 80 much. If he will now recede from a desperate contest ana give guarantees to Europe, ke may live to reign re- apected and Jead his empire {nto a new path of greatuess. NIKOLAIEFP. Nikolaieff, to visit which the Emperor Alexander II. Jeft St. Petersburg, and where be probably now is, has, since the spring, been the lcale of a camp of reserve for Prince Gortchakoff’s army in the Crimea. In May list it ‘was commonly said that there were 60,000 troops there. or some time this camp bas not been mach spoken of, but the place hax again been brought into notice by & statement in which undue prominence has been given, and which could only have been penned in the remote in- ‘terior of Centra) Germany, viz.: that the Russian gov- ernment had resolved to make Nikolaieff replace Sebas- topol. About two months ago, when the operations of the Allies in the Sea of Azoif were exciting expectations of further naval exploits in the East, the well-known im- portance of Nikelaiefi—the cradie of the Black Sea navy —pointed it out at once as # desirable object of attack. The chief question to be coasidered was, whether its arsenals and dockyards were not effectually secured from naval aggression by the shallowness of the river in which they are situated, and which has so little depth of water that the Russian ships built at Nikolaieff can only reach the sea by the sid of floating machines. his fact must be entirely overlooked when it is said that Nikolaieff is to become ‘a second Sebastopol; a phrase which can mean nothing unless that port is to afford shelter to a Rugsian fleet, and serve as the bacis of naval operations in time of war. The suggested removal of the establish- ment at Nikolaieif to some point nearer to or within the Liman of the jo og since it would bring them nearer to the enemy, would be a measure in opposition to the principles by which the naval authorities of Russia have governed their conduct throughout the war. [From the Hlustrated London News.] MORE WORK IN THE BLACK SEA. It will be seen from the letter of our active and intelli- gent correspondent in the Crimea, who was the first to eemmunicate to the British public a detailed account of the glorious triumph of the 8th of September, that he considera the great question of preponderance in the Black Sea to have been finally and irrevocably decided by ‘the capture of the Malakoff, the evacuation of Sebasto- and the destruction of the Russian fleet. This opiu- is a very general one, in Great Britain, in France, and throughout the Continent of Europe; yet tt doea not seem as if it were one in which the Amperor of Russia participated. Neither do the well informed diplomatists of Vienna consider the third point, which was the stumbling block of the conferences, to have been cleared frcm the way by the destruction of the fleet in the harbor of Sebastopol, or the work of the allies to be so near completion, as, in the first outburst of enthusiasm, it ‘was proclaimed to be. And while we share to the fullest extent the confident opinion of the European public, ‘that the naval power of Russia in the Black Sea is vir- tually destroyed x. the splendid victory of the 8th instant, we are no less thoroughly convinced that not one but many blows have yet tobe struck, before the great boa constrictor be ‘finally and irrevocably di posed of,” and before the allies can say to themselves with a safe conscience that their work is done. The first object to be accomplished, if Prince Gortscha- koff do not surrender, will be the destruction or capture ‘of the northern forts of Sebastopol, and the defeat of the Russian army, now in agi position on the Mackenzi ridge and heights of the Tchern manage to rescue his forces} in the Crimea from the toils ‘and snares that surround him. In every attack which he hhas ventured to mak ceive he has been defeated. ‘bastopol, all tell the ani lies, deteat and humilia- In the next battle, come when it its hour and place are in the dictation of Gene- rals Pelissier an’ eas result will be the same. ‘The reward of the allies will be weion of the entire ila of the Crimea. ‘ell-informed person out of not even Prince Gortschakoi—ean serlously doubt this consummation; and we believe that there are ame opinion. The Czar Alexander, the Grant Dake Con- a Count pobre arty i id surround the imperial person and contribute by their advice to govern ‘the actions and the policy of the Russian forerament Suast know that the next great viotory of the allies will seal the doom of the Crimea. They must also know enough, by this time, of the resources, the courage, and ‘the genlus of the Powers opposed to them, to indulge but faint hopes of being able to realize the once proud boast of Menschikoff, of driving them speemniatousiy into the fea. They mast know, in fact, that, as regards the Cet mea, Great game is —_. played out, and thet it is utterly impossinie that Russia can win it, on Indeed, ‘on the supposition that the allied Generals should commit some buge and fatuous blunder, of whieh Prince Gorts- chakoff might have sense ant means 1o take advantage. But no one will do the allied commanders so gratuitous and malicious an injustice. If their game to impationt observers in Great Britain and France has appeared slow, events bave proved that it was sure. Every move ‘was well caloulated, every slight reverse was turned to necount, and victory was made the prelude of a iriumph still greater. So it will continue to be, till the whole Crimea is conquered, and Prince Gortschakotf’s army is either annihilated or forced to capitulate. But will all this settle the third point? and will not the preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea, destroyed in xebastopol, be reyiyed beyond the limits of the Crimea? ‘but by no and cowardly as that of Sinope. discussion m Vienne, it was represent ments thore appeared ouly two fortified were mayked of the first rauk and strep, the world. depot and dockyard for the Russian fleet.” bition t the Crim effect of a third. Had Ode: dertake it, a new name to their banners. lish outshine that gi reecive ite coup de grice. pure compulsion, t \d possibly indemnitication ie If the talsing of Sebastopo played too long, and the Western Pow to the same terms of peace at the present {From Count Demidolf } NIKOLAIEFF. upon the steppes in real earnest, as in Bessara of land; the si ‘ppe the ren. will soon see the e1 not even a stone, - hollows filled with a fresh turf, the newly completed the holiday appearance, the colors of the empire. On one side nomber of yersts from the last number to the next. Nothing c: horizon. ground. we suffered. thirst (wnd how avoid it with at least the villages brought, life is indeed hard ! every evil. the sea, and we struck across the easterly direction, towards the great cit which {s at the samo time a port, military arsenal, Towards five of the Boug and the I the opposite bank, a litt stood. of very unequal breadth, stands » embark. ry primitive contrivance, A ro bank, on either side, continually men weigh upon the rope advances. with tall poplars. These ti were planted resolved to visit her new provinces. is protected by reachin, The cause of this assemblage refreshment of the people of this country. ‘the West) leaves the ex] to the s were only enabled to judge from @ Liman of tht Boug } even are launched whence thay = extraneous astistance whatever. it nda, clently protect | far tna Nor ie it less favored as regards the only port snd Crars might use for purposes of ; to shelter new armaments; to inflict, when Portuaity offered, new surprises upon Turkey and on eastward from Odessa—which, had our Ministry for the time had their hearts in their work, they would have or- ground—exist the towns of other upon the Bug, and both hay y communication See reese Sea? “When toe thie polnt was to the Ministers of Great Britain and F.ance that it would be inadvisal to consent too hastily to any proposition for limiting the naval power of Russia to the number of ships-ol-war then actually afloat in the Black Soa, inasmuch us the Vessels then confined im the harbor of Sebastopol, and | into supposed to be the whole naval force of Russia, might ‘turn ont to be only a portion of hor armaments, and that a fleet as Jarge, or still larger, might be concealed in the |} fo: harbors o( Kherson or Nikolaiel—twa placos of which he Western Powers knew absolutely nothing be- cond the mere fact of their existence as shown by the map. It was also represented to them asa hiat which might bo of se:vice,, that in Russian oficial 1neu- whic! fi or In fom mercial and maritime phraseology, a8 A 1; and that these were Cronstadt and ite and that Sebastopol, strong as it was known to be, ranked as a fortified harbour of the second class only. We now learn that almost immediately after receiving in‘elligence of the destruction of his feet in the harbor of Sebasto) ol, the Gar, who had previously resolved to visit altered bis plans, and went to Soscow, and despatch hig brother, the Grand Duke Constantine, Lord High ‘Admiral of the Russian avy, to Nikolaieti. "It is owing to the energy of this prince that Cronstadt has been so greatly etreng’hened, and that it has become, if not Ketually. {mpregnablé, the most formidable fortress in It is thus evident that Nikolaieff is_con- sidered in danger. The able correspondent of the Fimes at Vienna states that itis not doubted in that capital ‘that a considerable part of the Russian fleet 1s eafe and sound in the Bug, which is extremely broad and without islands at its embouchure, ‘The Ingul fallx into the Bug at Nikolaieff, and the last-mentioned river is 80 deep {hat men-of-war ean be moored close to the admiralty,” ‘The same writer also states that ‘40,000 Russian militia- men are assembled in the neighborhood of Nikolaied and Kherson, and that an Odessa correspondent observes that the Russian government showed its wisd twenty-seven years ago, it made Nicolaieff the principal aces, lace ard arsaw, lom when, Russia will wot, we may be sure, relnguish her naval supremacy in the Kuxine—the dearest dream of her am- more than a century—without a far more des- perate struggle than that which approaches its close in It may, therefore, be considered certain that our magnificent fleet in the Huxine has pleaty of | Peninsula, All these administrative fanctions, however, } equally dilfienlt character. "It is but fair to add that the 70 shares Butchers? and Drovers’ Bant work betore it, The Czar will not, he says, aue for peac® | tend in no way to relieve the melancholy of the sur- | act applies the 1 code to every citizen who delivers a 20 do, Bank of New York., upon a single defect. It is the business of the alles to | sounding salt-impregnated steppe, which still retains tho | bottle of wine or a giass of ale for the most useful or hu- 120 do. Bowery Insurance Company. try what a second will accomplish; and if that should | cyijences of its submersion at’ some remote period. | mene purpose, Another of its provisions passes sentence 59 do. New Jersey Railroad. prove inoperative in bringing him to the peaceful frame of mind which would give peace to Europe, to try the wu not been spared it is kolaiett ¢ that the task to be accomphsbed at } erson would have been easier of acccomplishmont is now likely to be; but, easy or difficult, we are contident that the resources of the allies are equal to un- If they do undertake it, we are equally con- dent that they will a¢d a new victory to their arms, and 'Yhe gailant French—-and wedo not grudge it to them—have carried off all, or near- ly all, the glory of the day at Sebastopol. Let the Eng- ry, or at least equal it before Niko- laieff and Khersoh, and the naval power of Russia will if the Czar will not yield upon e only means left to the allies is to. try whether he will yield from pure exhaustion, They have, and can buve, no wish to carry on the war for pur- nee. What they require {3 security in dn the second. fal ends, will not work to peace the taking of Nikolaieff and Kherson must be able to help it. ‘Ihe game of courtesy and forbearance has been "§ cannot consent oment whith they might have.accepted in April. For there, and a thou- sand other reasogs, we anticipate not ouly issue of battle Vetween the opposing forces in the field, in which English- men will expect their Generals to wipe off the discredit which befel our arms at the Redan, but a naval attack cn the principal Black Seg dopot of the enemy. Odessa was soon out of sight, and we began to enter We do not find here, those valleys, looking hke long waves of Southern Russia ia level, smooth, free from irregularities, stretching out, without any visible variation, till its horizon is blended with that of A fow long tines of khourgans, those conical elevations of which we have already spoken, communi- cate with each other across this dull and drear, In vain do you hope that, travelling xo rapidly, you of the great dise which surrounds you; the prospect is ever the rame—bare, parched and’ desolate: the flowers, which in the spring bloom over these uncultivated tracts, had long since disappear- ed beneath the withering breath of a burning summer; and we might have said with Rubruquis, the traveller, who crossed these plains in the 15th century—nuila est sylva, nullus mons, nullus lapis—not a tree, not a hill, ‘Kvon these deverts, however, had ex- perienced the effects of the Emperor’s arrival; the sands awaited his preseace no less than the cities; ia some arts the road had been levelled, and the ruts and waste. up. The post Louses were resplendent at of whitewash, and in the absonce of raked ground in front of the doors ‘Add to this an im- mense number of horses dispersed over the plain in the neighborhood of each station, and you will have an idea of the extraordinary animation pervading the steppes. Between the stages posts are seen carefull at the end of every verst. These posts are painted with is inscribed the fon; on the other the give a better idea of the strange and monotcnous level of the steppe than the fact that almost always, from our low carriage, we could see two of these posts in front of us and two be- hind, making a league (or four veerts) as the diameter of the circle desceibed around us by this unchanging The slight car which we had found tolerably easy over the moist turflands of Wallachia, had become perfectly insupportable on this hard and parched Nor was this the oniy infliction under which Ifyou should happen to be tormented with erected [Reaumer} of heat and clouds of dust?) the people in have nothing to offer you but water, grown putrid in the very barrel in which it is Heaven knows from what distance. Nothing can be duller or more mournfal in appearance than the few villages to be met with along these roads. what advantage is it to these inhabitants to live in the amidst of fertile Janda when they are deprived of every necessary of life? Without shelter against the sun, with no other comfort than a tolerably solid house, though lost in the midst of this immense spice, at the cost of haw much toil and suffering must the: the bread which they eat, the putrid water and the seanty fragments of stubble and mu warm them in the winter? Alas! to such as these But Heaven, which has refused them so meny benefits, has given them the courage to endure But of About mid-day our route began to incline away from lain in a north- of Nikolatetf, 1a justly renowned clock we came upon the bank of a large canal, supplied by the united waters nul—these rivers joining on above the spot where we Fxactly at the confiuence of the two streams, kolaieff, which was still two versts from the place where we intended to dis- ‘A number of carts drawn by oxen were waiting their turn to be earriedjover; and we were three-quarters of hour crossing the man of the Boug, by means of a made fast to the ips in the water; the and thus the slow machine ¢ bank on which Nikolaieif stands is on @ higher level, and presented the prospect of @ number of beautiful gardens, the property of the ci for the Em- press Catherine, by Prince Potemkin, at the time sho ‘the tsnding place & war schooner in perfect order, the shore we found ourselves in the midst of a crowd of soldiers, women, and German colonists, recog- nisable at once by their good natured, tranquil was no less a circum- stance than the landing of a cargo of pastees, thefavorite | en je We halt- faces, hag just brought several cart loads of them, ea at last, i the yard of an inn of respectable ap- grand gigantic scale, as in all Russian towns, are suita- ly furnished with houses, but the grandeur of their architecture promises more than it performs; palacé without, they are hovels within, |The immense wath of the streets (a silent stricture, though exaggerated, on ‘inhabitant too much posed jun, the wind, the dust and the mud. As for the public squares, on which @ battle might be fought, no one would think of crossing them, except nade, on a height overlooking the noah of Ingoul, appeacs very advantageously situated for its purposes. With the necessary outlay, several ships might be built at the same time im ite docks, which, wien launched, could now easily float out of | Gir this natural harbor, the entrance to which, formerly too shallow, has of Inte years beon made deeper. Before this important improvement oe were brought into the means of those cumbroas machit called camels, first fntroduced, we believe, by the Vene- tians. In the present day, ships of one hundred gans from the dockyard at Nikolateff, proceed to Sebastopol to be fitted, without large | prise the bill for to-night. Bu is impossible to conceive a building yard bett: pted tre Five anon than this is, Nikolate is eu againt any attack by its situation, #0 nd. and at the extremity of a tortuous liman. supply of matesials, NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, OOTOBER 17, 1855. : Although the Boug, whose course ‘is obstructed ‘The Lew the Candidates for | constitutional law upon the ground alone that it is or ‘Cataracts, ia not suited to the floating of tim! ‘sien. General of the Biate, would be coeretve. ‘recetves timber, hemp and by the q ME. TILDEN'S OPINION. ‘Third, In my opinion, laws requiring the payment of which flows, together with the Bo into the New Yorg, Oct. 3, 1855. any sum of money whatever for a license to selt apiri- Yiman of the Dnieper. bay, Gunums—Your letter asking my opinions as to the | tucus or other liquors, if justifiable at all, are justifiable ‘ag: | from the waves of the open sea, if not from the winds, is | jgw recently enacted in this State, and entitled “An act | ¢BIy as necessary police regulations, and rot as revenue op- | nay te Ie She Jaxgaretin whieh pegeetliy espana the for the Feavention OC Eetemapérinos, Pauperism and Tos the pul Renee! vention of crime course of the Dnieper. “me.” has been received. restrai spiri In a word, the oalitan of Nikolaieff does honor to the be nestion relates to the functions of the office for | liquors, implied ho Nowane lowe, Prroutt not undertake to keon ee of Potemkin, the institutor of so maar which I have been nominated, and reasonably, and | § the Fly —_ «Soles which such laws great things in this empire, of which he understood Tren in fact, largely ocoupy the attention of the elsctors. 1d require for a license to sell. certainly should be the capabilities. Tt was impossible, in truth, to find a | [der the circumstances, 1 have no hesitation in stating | ©PPoced to the enactment of a law requiring so large a more snitable apot for the establishment of a building yard, or one 50 a Snr in connection with the docks of Sebastopol. se two porta, formed by the hand of nature, perfected by human skill, and bound to- ether by community of interests, must have been em- | fraced in the plans of the great Kmpress, who felt the importance of @ powerful navy upon the Black fea, We were informed that the hidden enemy of the shipping in ihe bay of Sebastopol, the devouring worm wl eats timber beneath the surface of the waves, was not Tess destructive to vessels built and Jaunched at Niko- laieff, We co not assert this, however, as a fact, our in- pant not being a prefessional man; but it is right to observe that this unfavorable character given to ihe port of Nicolaief would seem to be borne out by certain ob- rervations formerly published relative to this interesting locality. Heauwhile wo were well pleased to eke out the eve- ning beneath the trees of the long walk (o which chance had led our ateps; the moon had risen calm and brilliant, and her magic light was spread over the great harbor, and illuminated several fine ships ot war auchored close in shore, and almost at our very fect. PEREKOP. At the end of this monotonous route, of which, for Jack of sleep, we had to endure all the teaium, we ar- rived, on the 14th of September, in the town, or rather large ‘village, which is the portal of the Crimes, and is called Perekop. Before Taurida become o Russian pro- vince, this village bore » name replete with Eastern grandiloquence, Or-Gapy—the Royal Gate, It was thus that the ‘lartars designated the sufficiently insignificant entrance to an entrenchment dividing the isthmus and uniting the two sens. After crossing a bridge over the deep Wout mach dilapidated ditch, which {s still in exist- ence, the traveller is in Perekop. It consists of one sin- gle street, which, from its breadth, might be called a Fquare. ‘To the tight and to the left may be seen a tole- rable number of houses, standing at wide distances from each other, the most salient of which consists of no more than’ a ground floor, covered with a roofing of planks or reeks: yet, notwithstanding its wretched ap- rearance, the advantages of its position, give to this vil- Jage a special degree ot importance. Perekop is the en trance gate to the government of Tautida, and the en- trenchment by which the peninsul ais closed and iso- lated. Its present name, derived from a Russian word, signifying a trench between two seas, exactly describes its position in the geography of Taurida. “Perekop is also a central customs station. where an active regula- tive influence is exerted on the immense exportation of salt from the neighboring seas and the lakes of the to you opinions which have been expressed to so many persons and for 0 long period as to protect me from ‘the suspicion of shay to the nt seigeney, and which aceord entirely with the rage for constrai our State and federative coxistitutions, the principles o! political economy, and the convictions as to the proper sphere of government by which my political action has been hitherto invariably guided, ‘The design of the law to which you refer is to stop the use of all distilled spirits, wines, ales and béers, ex- cept for manufacturing, medicinal and sacramental purpores, by disabling’ all individuals from obtain- ing these articles, from certain quasi public oflicers invested with legal power to judge, in their own absolute discretion, as to the probable nature of the use intenced by the purchaver. It is not strange that the authors of an act which aims at controlling the tastes and habits of three and a half millions of people, in a maticr which each individual must regard as peculiarly, if not exclusively, personal to bimsel!—which aim: making, by a legislative flat, an instantaneons revolu- tion iu the traditional customs of large classes, in a par- ticular in respect to which all men are apt to be most tenacious—shonld deem it necessary to. inyoke the aid of a novel and extraordinary legal machinery. Intent on such an object, they naturally saw what It required, ra- ther than what the Constitution allows. | They devise and incorpoxated into this law a special criminal proce- dure, cn which they obviously relied for the enforcement of ite prohibitions and penalties. That procedure is wanting in the characteristic features and es- sential elements of the common law procedure ‘applicable to such cases, ax it Bas been imme- morially practised in this State, and a3 it has been de- fined expounded, and upheld, by an unbroken series of our judicial decisions, as wellas by the courts of our sister States, of the federal government, and of that coun- try from which the common law itself was derived. Nor aces the act stop here, Reversing a fundamental rule of evidence, which is founded in reason and natural equity, and bas been for ages the shield of individual rights and persona) safety, iv presumes guilt instead of innocence. it declares @ delivery to be presumptive evidence of a sale, and the sale to be sufficient proof of an unlawful intent. Conceding certain uses to be so proper andneces- | $1,000 Kentucky 6’s, 1879...,...+...+ tary that the sale cannot be wholly forbidden, it makes 500 Indiana Canal stock principal. . the relleran inquisitor into the secret purpose of the 150 do. do, terest.....,. do. buyer; it then distrusts its own agent and assumes to 150 Preferred stock Wabash and Erie Canal. . deal with the intent with which he does an act author- 804 percentloan do. do. ized by it as lawful, and, shrinking from itself, attempt- | 4,000 Cumberland Coal Co. 6’s, 1864.. ing to prove the trne nature cfthat intent, it pronounces | 5,000 Little Miami Kailrond, 1st mort.... do, 8334 him guilty unles he aequits himself by proof of an } 5,000 Columbus, Piqua & Indiana RR., Ist m. do, 2 sum to be paid for a license to sell itnous liquors as to face ee a prohibition of their ae as rie nably to lead to the inference that the law was intended so to operate. FFourth. Whether elected or not elected, my influence, so far as it can be legitimately and properly used, will be need in accordance with fore; Respectfully your obedient servant, ND. ‘Three thousand six hundred and twenty land warrants were issued from the Pension Office at Washington dur- ing last week. . FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. MONBY MARKET. Tumspay, Oct. 16—6 P. M. At the opening this morning there was an active de- mand for stocks, and prices generally show an improve- ment. At the first board Virginia 6’s advanced i per cent; Missouri 6's, 1; Ulivois Central bonds, %; Michigan Central Railroad, 34; IMfinois Ceatral Railroad, 34; Galena and Chicego, 1; Chicago and Rock Island, 3. State stocks sold largely, at better prices, There appears to be ademand for this class of securities, for banking par- poses. Illinois Central bonds were quite active, and ad- vanced from opening prices. Cumberland remains firm. Reading Railroad was offered to-day more freely than we have noticed for some time. All the Western railroad stocks were steady at the close, at our quotations. Ga lena and Chicago is the favorite for permanent invest ment. Any improvement in market value fails to bring out more than a few shares of stock. After the adjournment of the board, the following sales of bonds and stocks were made at auction by Simeon Dra” peri— cfoutiawry upon certain property and abrogates all reme dies for its recovery, even as against a thief or robber, un- 0 less upon the impracticable condition that the true owner Park Fire Insurance Co. shail first prove airmatively the absence from his own 20 do. Commonwealth Insuran eee bo the ep a 7 9 nine Mahe a bey br At the second beard the market generally was lower. ancient and well settled legal definition, in order to at- berate rs fuck ihe ineitente of a nuisance to proserty under cir. | llinois Central bonds, Cumberland, Nicaragua and Krie cumstances that bear no analogy to that character. And, | were a fraction lower. Missouri 6's advanced 3 per ceat; a any, eon act a sweeping legislative con- | Galena and Chicago, 34. Thore was not much doing this jscations of private property. ‘ et eco Ain iD me judgrasnt va preetsely such legislation | *fternoon. There appears to be no speculation going on as this that ‘our State coustitution intendy,to protect | in the different fancies, The daily transactions amoant pine’ gt miei it declares that ah pesetre ne “‘be | to about the same, and the advance one day appears to jeprived of li’e, liberty or property, without due pro- Fé eee ee cece letter Forts ave an early legal para- | 0¢ lost the next, and week after week closes without any phrase of the words “Jaw of the Jand,” in Magna charta, | material alteration in prises. jae are also rth es at Lo eraittad bel or ‘The steamship Crescent City, at this port from Aspip. our State constitution. ie restraints they creat re Tht originally imposed on the executive sewers’. ‘Our Anglo. | Wal, brings $1,905,843 in gold dust, This, with the re- Saxon ancestors, jealous in behatf of the common law, ceipts by the Northern Light, makes the aggregate semi- aes invoked shetty aie, Fd eerely see _ monthly remittance from Colifornia $1,850,843. The arbitrary acts of the sovereign, but against his at opts. to introduce novel processes similar to that | *eamer from Boston to Liverpool to-morrow—Wednes- dsy—will not carry out much specie, fhe closing rates for exchenge to-day were as follows :—Lonidon, 834 a 9 percent premium ; Paris, 5f, 164 a Of. 15; Amsterdam, 4034 a 4134 ; Bremen, 78% a 79 ; Hamburg, 36 a 3634. The Assistant Treasurer reporta to-day as follows :— Broadway Bank... Heredotus, Strabo and Pliny have expressed the opinion pat in former: i ui > 0m Mechanies? Fice Tnsuranee Co. thai in formerages Taurida was separated fron the con- tinent; and the character of the soil of the isthmus is not repugnant to this hypothesis. Its level ia 80 low, that from the centre of the passage acress it, which is a8 much ay seven versts in lengih, one might ‘fancy one’s self below the level of the two seas. Chet ivache threatens you on the exst and the Black Sea on the west. A glance at the position of the peninsula on a map will sufice to porceive the «triking difference between the outhnes of the rea and of the lake, ‘The putrid Inke, whose waves sink powerless upon @ low beach, exhibits, in the out- Tine of its shores, a thousand fantastic and varying contortions, The Plack Sea, on the contrary, lying in @ deep bed, presents a steady and more even line of coast. Terekop {s inhabited chiefly by the servants of the overninent and by a great number of Jews who abnn- fon themselves with delight to all their native unclean- lines. We should be much astonished to be told that this was one of the most commendable situations, ina ea- nitary point of view. ‘The viscous sea lying s0 close to the village, constantly heated to the very bottom of its slimy bed, gives forth, according to certain travellers, a miasma injurious to the quality of the surrounding ‘at- mosphere. Jn the estimable ‘work of M. Montandon, already quoted by us, we find, however, a contrary opi- nion expressed, ‘this writer points out Perckop as a par- ticularly healthy sot, n the teeth of all contrary pre. adopted in this act, and borrowed from the same source. Brovght to this country with other sacred traditions of ancient freedom, taey were inserted in our American writien constitutions as restraints on the legislative pow- er in favor of indivicual rights. In this state the lan- guoge of this restriction has received a well settled judi- dice. hat which ig certainly true, without entering | cial intepretation. It has been hetd to restrain the Le- {Untce tig ta to fie deleterious fects, 4s, that this | gislature from itself usurping judicial powor over life, 1i- | Pald oo Treasury account.. putrid sea is, for the whole of this country, a great | berty or property, and from creating sny new process for | Batgneo oe source of trade and movement: On its shores, and on | the for!eure 0! hore great rights which should substan. ] paig for Assay office those of the neighboring lakes, a considerable quantity of | tially art customary procedure of the com- | paig on disbursing checks, mon t ished con-iruction must have been fami) snd learne’ lawyers who shared in the d-cussio{ his port of the constitation ia the Con. vention of 146. Jn the exact words which had received such a construction, the clause was adopted by that body, and was ratified as the deliberate and permanent will of the people, expressed in the fundsmental law of the State, In the same sense, it is now binding on their le- gislutive agents and on the judicial tribunals, I am of opinion, therefore, thet the ‘Prohibitory act, in the pro- Yisions Which form its distinguishing characteristics—are intawoven with its{whole structure, and supply the means on which it relies to effect its purpose—is uncon- stitutional and yoid. Stch legislation springs from a misconception of the proper. apheee of government. Itis no part of the duty Ff the State to eoeree the individual man’ except so far as his conduct may affect others, not remoiely and conse- quentially, but by violating rights which legislation can recognize and undertake to protect. ‘The opposite princi- ple Jeavex no room for individual reason and conscience, trusts nothing to relf-culture, and substitutes the wisdom of the fenate and Assembly for the plan of moral govern. ment crdained by Providence. The whole progress of sceiety consists in learning how to attain by the inde- pendent action or voluntary association of individuals, ‘those objects which are at first attempted only through » agency of goverment, and in lessening the sphere of legislation ond enlarging ‘that of the individual reason and conscitnee, Our American institutions have reco nized this idea more completely than any other, and t) democratic party has generally been the faithful guardian of its progressive developement. In most of the great tactical questions of our time, it has opposed the inter- ference of government even for the best objects, and be- cause it was solicitous for these objects, has preferred to trust them to wiser, enfer and more efficient agencies. Devoted to the rights of our American industry, which is now beginning to fill the world with the renown of its achievements, it has refused to direct its applica. tion hy prohibitory or protective tarifis; preferring that each man should judge how he can make his own labor most productive, and trusting for the aggregave result to thore natural laws whish enable joing Mein) ‘of our mil. lion of city population to daily choose his food, and yet ralt is gathered, constituting an importaot item of reve- nue to the government. This produce, which is collect- ed during the summer, is eonveyed in every direction, even to the centre of the empire, by long caravans, of which we never raw a greater number or any more plentifully laden and picturesque in appearance than ia the narrow isthmus of Perckop; they are the (ure wheeled fleets of the steppe. is & custom peoul!er to the Tatars, which coosists in harnessing their drow daries to their wagous. These animals are of an adwi- rable biced and grow to a very large size; they appear, for the most part, obedient to the voice of their matter fome cares, hcwever, are related, in which dromedarivs have become infuriated with rage, and have almost de- voured their drivers. ‘this species of team has an im- poring appearance; the two powerful animals advance atasiow and measured pace, drawing, without appa rent eflort, the heavily laden madgints of the Tatars. The vehicle so called is on four wheels; its sides are o solidly constructed hurdles, and the whole is covered with a kind of (hick felt made ot camels’ hair. The aus- tere and primitive forms of this simple car would lead one to conjecture that its antiquity isreroote, and that it may have been handed down from the nomadic Seythians, who lived in such vebicles—itinerant Awellings—quorum plaustra vugas rile trakunt donee, Horace. In the present day this is practised by jogais, who prefer, in their vagrant mode of jife, the oe ing of the madgiar to the permanent shelter of a use, From Perekop the route advances rapidly towards the ecxth, and almost on starting a considerable town is net with. Armianshoi-Bezar, as its name denotes, is a market held by Armenians. ‘Every article of utility to the carriers, who come to obtain salt, all appurtenances and necessaries of the wheelwiight and harness maker, are found collected together in this entrepot of industry, and the inevitable demand for them must render them acertain source of profit. Passing thie spot the road continues over the steppe, and the traveller begins to inquire where in the world can be that Taurida wh se pictureeque beauties it ix impossible to speak of, but # allusion to rustic Helvetia and to fair Italy will perforce eos | creep into the laucatory phrase. ‘ihe fuct is, that ioe portion of the peninsula 1enowned for its beautiful The payments to-day include drafts, As low as anthracite coal now is, compared with last year’s prices, there is eyery prospect that it will bo ower next year, New miifes are opening, and the facil!- ties for bringing the produce to market are daily in creasing. Among the many recent developements” we hear most flattering accounts ot those of the Ms? hanoy region. The supply of coal is large, and the quality said to be at least equal to the best coming to this market. ‘The Governor of Pennsylvania invites bids from capi t lists for the purchase of the public works of that State viz.: the whole Main Line, including, 1st. The Philadel- phia and Columbia Railroad. 2d. The canal from Colum. bia to the junction at Duncan’s Island. 3d. The Juniata Canal, from thence to Hollidaysburg. 4th. The Allegany Portege Railroad, (including the new road to avoid the inclined plane,) and &th, the canal from Johnstown to Pittsburg. Bids will be received until 24th December next. It appears that the navigation of the Gulf of Mexico is about to reecive a startling impetus by the cheap- ening of coal at the Gulf coaling ports. Hitherto the current prices of coal have been, at Mobile, $9; at Montgomery, $10; and at the Gulf ports aad the West India ports, $11, $12, and $18 per ton. Last fall the Alabama and Tennessee Railroad was com- pleted to within from two to four miles of the extensive coal bed which has long been known to exist in Shelby county, Alabama. The coal had for some years been worked by individuals for local consumption, but no one thought of deveveloping it on an extended seale, in con- sequence of the cost of transportation to a market. On of California king | scenery lies quite ina remote region, on cither sk pe of | furnish’ buyers for everything that has been provided ag | ee ad tictureegue. bone Gf meuriaine otis | helereband. Calming & good currency for thet people, | te completion of the railroad, a company called the Ala- northern slope, rising more gently than the other, is | and well regulated exchanges, {t has discarded a wationa) | bama Coal Mining Company, was formod, to work the replete with beautiful spots; but the southern declivity, | bonk, and secks to put there great interests under the | beds, and has, it seems, met with very marked success. gu dianship of the laws of le. Friendly to the mo- 1m machinery of travel and transport, which by cheap- enirg the interchange of products of different eoils and climates, has in effect added fertility tothe one, and geniality to the cther, it has opposed internal improve- ments by the general government, ‘and prohibited loans of State credit and money in ai ‘ailroads, Assert- of @ more abrupt character, rerents within a spate narrowly confined by the sea, all the beauties ofthe Hnest and most graceful scenery. Without adopting the some- what satizical view of the English traveller, who cova pares the Crimea to a cleak spread out, and its beautli gardens in the south to a narrow border of lake, we will It can lay coal down at Selma at from $2 50 to $3 per ton; at Montgomery and Mobile, at from $3 to $3 50; and at the West India ports, such as Havana, at from $5 to $6 perton. The coal is said to be of the best quality. One consequence of the developement of this new interest procure | Say, that though the por'ion of her splendors which z ey drink, vows Lape ag ia | bps Ls bof nevertheless | ing Wid Setos ot Seater seensiaee it pe Telos will be to supersede the sailing vessels of the Gulf by complete. Itis as though she bad’ placed at the ex- | fpecial charters, and estal general laws of which | com Muity of these interminable plaing this enchanting | incorporation, On all there questions, which have | Prolellerr, and in some measure to revolutionize the whole navigation of that part of the coast. The eom- pany is a Southern one, and the stock is, we believe, held chain of rocks and verdure in order to show to thors who flock ihither from afar, for once in their liver, fo- rkling springs, and all the romantic beauty of Jargely occupied the public attention for generation, because the democratic party has favored the ends rests, it has rejected the means which large parties and mountain scene many good men have cmt it to promote | eHtirely at the South. ‘Thus, then, them. To day, while it is in favor of sobriety and ‘The Chicago Democrat of the 13th inst. says:— far as the environs of Simpheropel, 0: for neatly two-thirds of the breadth of the Crimea, fro. north to south, we have the same extent of plain as _be- fore, only, if possible, more level still, traversed by ent- loss caravans, dotted with a few villages, and ove to a greater extent than in any peerees instanee, uy Dumerous khourgans, arranged an order evidently denoting some eystem of correspondence. For instance seme rows may be observed, comprising from four to seven of these tumuli forming lines, each taking a pecn- Mar direction. We are not aware whether the skilful engineers who constructed the recent may called the ordnance map—an excellent thy inall particulars the distinguished of that corps of officers—have taken notice of all these khour- gans, which must frequently have come into use in the course of their surveying operations, A special map, showing the situation and capricious arrangement of morals, it disowns a system of coercive legislation, which cannot setae them, but must create many seri: « evile—which violates constitutional guarantees an | sound principles of Iegislation—invades the rightful d.- main of the individual judgment and conscience, a'.1 takes a step backward towards that barbarian age whea Recent geological explorations in the southern counties of Illinois confirm the fact that the coal deposits there are most aburdant and rich. Some of the coal is of the finest cannel variety. This is particularly the ease in the strata in Williawson and Jackson counties, lying near to the Central Railroad, In Williamson the strats are very the wages of labor, the prices of commodities, a man’s | numerous, and, taken together, constitute a total thick- food and clothing, were dictated to him by a government | ness of seventy-five feet of solid coal, the largest seam calling itself paternal. I need not add that in this con- | being mne feet thick. In Jackson there are seams of clusion, as well as in the general course of the demo- | nearly equal thickness. ‘These deposits are now being cratic party on these former occasions, I entirely coucur. | worked to a considerable extent, iro affording an ex- With great respect, gentlemen, I renain, Journ Th cellent market for all that is raised down there. To Hon. Joux TAYLOR and AxpREw King, Esq. The gross earntogs of the Michigan Central Railroad MR. SUTHERLAND’S OPINION. Company for the first weck in October this year, were . $63,883 72, against $40,478 69 for the same time last year, No. 289 Broabway, Nuw Yore car, } Monpay, Oct. 8, 1855. showing an increase of $13,906 03. these innumerable elevations, which are found so close- . FREN Chairman, &.:— tockholders er ot | ly ranged togecher, from the plateaux of the Don to the ge tay oe fap sole ines Mabeoing alee, Seems te Overs |, 2) Se MORNE et steeew of the Nerayue Fenn regions in the neighborhood of Taurida, and which | of Appeals at Albany, where I had been for some 1 | Sit Company, referred to yesterday, the Secretary made branch off thence, like distant sentinels, as far as the banks of the Danube, the confines of Poland, and the ‘On | Berth of Russia, would undoubtedly ag en ample field for study and speculation, Whether these tumuli are — tombs, or whether in the remote times from which they are banded down, they served some now un- purpose, it is m less a fact, that on the steppe of the Crimea their utility is still recognized. The , when they have to call together the horses and dromedaries under their charge, station themselves uy their summits to command a view of the surrow brief report of the company’s finances, from which it appears that the total indebtedness up to to the 6th inst., (s part of which is for current expenses) is $259,854, and the inventory of property belonging to the company, exclusive of the franchise, is $2,749,684, including cash assets of over $300,000, The inventory includes the fol- lowing steamers, all of which are constantly engaged in the transportation of passengers, specie and goods, viz:— found your letter, without date, requesting answers to following interrogatories :— First—Are you in favor of or opposed to the enactment of a Prohibitory Liquor law? Seco ve you in favor of or opposed to the enact- ment of any coerelve or oppressive Liquor law whatever ¢ ‘hird—Are you in favor of or opposed to an enactment of alaw which would require more than ten dollars for a license to sell spisituous or other liquors? Fourth—If elected, would you use your influence ia fa- the enactment of the laws alluded to plain, and within a recent period, a line of telegraphi foregoing interrogateries ? On the Atlantic coast—the Northern §Light, Star of the Nicolatett, 5 jars irra were. °F | communication has been established across the pentane aa tte pleasure as follows:— West, Daniel Webster, and Prometheus. On the Pacific Its appearance was the only thing we could ay ot | # taking advantage of these ancient observatories, Firet—I an opposed to = paca ey iw coast—the Brother Jonathan, Cortes, Pacific, and Uncle in this thn. While awaiting our supper, which did not ieheeeahcneaia cmaners ately Dee ty vtutbonal and I aun opposed to the en, | £m. Lake steamers—La Virgen, San Carlos, Direstor, *not appear likely to make its appearance very rapidly, : lions. politic and un 4 Tpetitie if ad Conta’ Sieetan, ‘iver pleum He Bal we strolled through the handsome and spacious town we Broapway THeatRR.—The same attractive bill which | actment of any probibitory law, as impolitic if not un- ica. * ere—Sir Henry Bul. had just entered. At the first glance everything has an was given here last evening ts to be repeated to-night, | constitutional. [am opposed to this kind or class of le- | wer, J. L. White, H. L. Routh, E. L. Hunt, C. Morgan, J. imposing and appearance. The streets, “planned | It &mprises the tragedy of “Metamora and theextrava- | gislative enactments as \ repugnant to the freedom and | Ceaen, J, N, Seott, Col. Wheeler, J. M. Clayton, and ora of the “Wandering Minstrel,” Mr, Forrest , er Ta Dg 1, Forrest appear: Nino’s Garpen.—Bristow's popolar o} f «Ri 8) Winkle” will be repeated tonight i Herrtand, an Stretton and Miss Louies Pyne sustatniog the prinelpal rol iberty of freemen,” and as inconsistent with the theory ‘and operation of our political institutions. My views on this subject are not of very recent origin. Ina Pe"Memertend bil In Apri, 1063, after statiog my the “ ” in stat Saat on, conditions a sertetinn talleantion, Granada. In addition to the above, the company owns number of lighters, scows, &e., estimated to be wort: at least $20,000. ‘The annexed statement exhibits the gross earnings o the Gulena and Chicago Railroad Company in each of the first nine months ot the present and past three years:— GatEsa AyD Cuicaco Union Ramroad. re which that bill proposed to give the land to thé recta aad ae follows: Bowery Toeatre.—The beautiful play of “The Wife” will be the commencing feature this evening, and th drama styled the ‘‘Miller’s Maid” will close all. The during’ the fine season, Notwithstanding this’ parion- | casts are able exaggeration in the size of its streets, Nikolaictf, we | Bertox’s THEATRE.—The comic musical piece of ‘John oth Pier oat repeat, presents a very majestic appearance, and is well | of Paris’’ will be produced to-night. The cast embracos 25,700 70,696 73,887 worthy of its position as a naval arsenal, ‘The town is | the names of Mias Durand, Mr. jurton, Mr. Holman and 98,597 78,066 128,735 not yet completely finished; in more than one quarter a r. Lyster. ‘still Water Runs Deep’’ will also be played. 36632 76,787 175,56 few weattered houres rather indicate than carry out the | WaLLAcK’s TixatRe.—The comedies of A Lady ka Diff: a ee plan of the streets. The (ome of this port amounts | culties’ and a “Pretty Piece of Business,” are to be play- 49,014 120,880 225,930 to about five thousand ‘abel tants, and consists, as may | ed to-night, together with the farce of the Secret.’ 44,87 4 90,641 182 131 be supposed, chiefly of individusle connected with the | MerRorouiTaN TrzaTne.—Mlle. Rachel is announced to 48,963 105,965 206,881 naval service. ‘The naval establishment, of which we | appear ax Adrienne to-night, in the popular piece entitled 88,254 250,046 - | “Adrienne Lacouvreur. the Woop’s Miyerrers.—The farce of “One Thousand Milli- ners,?” ther with the usual negro performances, com- * 200,624 $875,411 81,548,862 ‘The above returns commence with the calendar year, which differs from the company’s fiscal year. The fiscal UCKLEY'S SERENADERS,—The of the “Rohemian Gir" har made quite mist 1 wit bo repeated this evon™ | ia geen thn fovernment by invertngconiiicns | year commences om the Ist of May. In the returns for *Grexs0 Roows.—To-night is porttively the last but one | ea tok samt orerosat 1856, the receipts for January and February were quite claim the ‘vent pt of Mrs. Alex. Givbe’ entertainment, 2s she is to com. fret ford proprietor cis in the kt conditions apd ' kon Mood small, and do not show that increase compared with the mence in Newark on ny next. some months the previous years, which other months do. Mx. Corus, the popular Irish comedian, announces a ‘ bey pid the immense snow st: very attractive programme for this ev vail not leave your farm, than tbs at any one | ‘This was owing to the snow storms of that period. pb My La is evening st Niblo's | typo, you shall not morigage I, you shall not insur a debt | 1. days trains were embedded in snow drifts, and for days jy port what (s thi nut @ repablioan Imt- tation of the fine for alienation, abolished by the statte of 1: and of others of the worst features of the fe Prov. MCALusteR continues at Mechanics’ Hall. A good Cha ‘eemt T believe the people know best how to manage (heir own affaires. ber od to-night. aieees a cawEMY Hatt. —The nivns will st im this evening, in connection with the exhibition ef the “ Bat- travel on the line was entirely arrested. But for that interruption, the grots earnings for the nine months this year would have been considerably larger. The tle ot Bunker Hill.” Second. | am oppored to the enactment of any oppres- | 6.1” grove earnings for the fiscal year ending May 1, fe Esbeslas ov Amasoro law; but as all coustitutional laws are neces. } Stal Brose © Empire lal “6 Sn ene portly Cooretr A cemayt oy ‘bat Jen opposed to any * 1860, are estimated at two millions six bundsed thousand dollsrs. For the last fiscal year they amounted’ to $1,506,710. Last year the company’s dividends amounted to seventeen per cent. This year, the capita! is about the same, and the increase in earnings, thus far, has been about eighty per cent, At the close of the last; fiscal year, the compauy’s surplus amounted to twelve and « half per cent of its entire funded debt. A few weeks since we made an estimate of the probable operations of” this company for the present fiscal year. As the official returns of another month’s earnings have since been re- ceived, we re-publish the table for the purpose of showing: that cur calculations are within.proper Hmits:— GALENA AND CHICAGO RAILROAD. May 1, 1855, surplus on hand : Gross earnings for Muy, 1855. + 214,106: Gross earnings for June, 1855. + 225,000° Gross earnings for July, 1855. «+ 185,925. Gross carnings for August, 1855.. aa + 205,881 Gross earnings tor September, 1865, estimated. . 240,000» Gross earnings for October, 1855, estimated.,... 260,000 oR ee a +o, 690,006 Operating expenses — May, June and July (official)..........%220,646 Angust, ber and October, esi mated SRL i + 250,000 fix months’ interest on bonds. . 536,942 Applicable to dividends for first half of present CA] YOAT....sseeesereerer sere seeeceeeee s+ 81,100,725 rom which the company declared and paida dividend, in August, of five per cent...,.... 275,000 Probable surplus, November 1, 1855......... $884,726 The earnings of the second half of the year will doubt- eas exceed the first half by a considerable sum, Calling it, however, the same, we have the following resalt:— Gross earnings for six months ending May, 1856.81,830,012 Surplus on November 1, 1865... 884,725 Total......sseeseeree Operating expenses, say. Interest on debt. Balance applicable to dividends.............91,678,606 It will be seen that we estimated the September receipts at $240,000, The official returns show the actual re- coipts to have been $259,646. We have no doubt the October earnings will be full as far in advance of our es- timate. The capital stock of this company {s only four and avhalf million of dollars. ‘The following is a comparative statement of receipts from passengers and freight on the New York Central Railroad during the month of September, 1864 and 1855: New York CeaTRa, Ratroap, Pasrengers. Freight. Total. 1855. . $890,429 46 $331,938 09 $722,362 55 1854, ++» 382,992 34 268,844 20 646,886 54 $7,437 12 $68,088 89 $76,526 O1 The annual menting of the stockholders of the Chicago, St. Paul and Fond du Lac Railroad took place at Chicago on the 2d inst., when the following directors were elected for the ensuing year William B, Ogden, Nelson K. Wheeler, Jobn B. Chapin, and-Henry Smith, of Chicago; Joel B. Johnson, Woodstock; Wm, Jarvis, Middletown, Ct; Joseph A. Wood and John J. R. Pease, of Janesville, Wis.; Daniel Joues, Watertown; Mason C. Darling and A. G, Butler, of Fond du Lac; Charles Butler and William C. Langley, of New York; Jame: H. Hickok and John Brad- ley, of Burlington, Vt. Wm. B, Ogden, Esq., of Chica- go, has been elected President, and J. W. Currier, of New York, Secretary. The carnings of the first division of the road from Chicago to Woodstock (now in operation) for September, were $11,084. Stock Exchange. ‘TUESDAY, Oct. 16, 1855. $11000 Ind State 5’. 82 160shs Erie RR.... 66 3000 Ohio 6’s °€0.. 10534 ae 060 550 1000 Tenn 6’s '90.. 96 100 100 1000 Virginia 6’s... 97 250, 10000 do. blo 400 1000 do, 3 100 6000 Missouri 6’s.s3 89 100 6000 10000 T0000 do. 36, 8000 HarlstifieRs.c 9036 8000 ErfeCon Bs 71 80 1000 do......62 83 2000 Erie Bds of 75 88 2000 NY&NH Bs 66 83 2000 HR Ist Mte Bs 100: tess sees 100; 81 81 82 82: SeseeSSSssseesessess 2000 do. 10000 1 Cen RR Be.c 8000 360 25000 36000 2000 H R 2d Mte Ba 92 10... 83 600 N Y Cen 7’s.. 102 200 shs Gard Gold.b30 1 200 do......b3 9% 5 Metropolitan Bk. 100 0 Del & Hud Cn! Co 125 100 Nie Trans Co..83 18% 200 95% 200 do <. 18! 9544 300 dos... b10 189% 25 dovesvve.t3 953g 50 PennCoal Co.... 100% 163Galena &ChickR. 123 100 Cumb CoalCo.8i0 275, 765 Clev&ToledoRR. 88 260 do ....,010 27 do .....060 84 200 a btw 273{ 100 do... 815 83 200 do 83 973% _20Chic & RRR. 9436 400 do. 273g 100 revved 886 BECOND BOARD. $2000 Virginia 6’s.... 9734 100 shs CumCoal.twk 27 4500 Ind State 5’s.43 82 100 Clev & Tol RR.s¥0 83 10000 Missouri 6's... 6 104 1 10436 5636 66 bg 96 ese ceses OEE 6 Mich S&NIa RR 99 5 Gal & Chie RR 12355 900 Harlem RR...... 2655 CITY TRADE REPORT. Tcrapay, Oct. 16—6 P. M. Ps Small sales continued to be made at old ices. 4 BREADSTUFFS.—Flour—Common grades of State brande were heavy, and fell off about 12% cents, while the higher were without change of moment. The tram embraced about 12,000 a 13,000, bbls. includ- Yea pea ies Be a cee ee ee and extra do., at $8 50a $875; Western Rees: gy extra, at $8 5734 a $876. Southern was in with sales of about 1,500 to 2,000 bbls., at prices, for grades, from $8 "75 « $10 60. ales of 800 2 barrels, at $860 @ $0 75, flour—Sales were made at $6 50 a $i for fine superfine. Corn meal ‘The market displayed CGrenan ae on the spot 30,000 m 40,000 bush., inel bushels Canadian white, at bushels Western red, soldat $1 00 a $1 98. $1. Fair white Southern was at $2 07 a $2 1 and bandsome E at 9dc.a S4c., with some inferior at @2c. Northern was scarce, and held above the views ot buyers. Ordinary to fair Southern was and lower, with sales of about 12,000 bushels, at $1250 $1 80. Oats were scarcer firmer. The sales ranged of Rio, at about llc. bea lp Saige bene about 1,000 bales, without change in pr: market ¢ steady. Frucots.—Rat were more ive to ports, and ments of about 30,000 bushels of were: taken for Liverpool, at 10s¢4. #1048. and 1id. in bulk, included in which were 10,000 bushels of wheat, in bulk, at lid. About 7,000 bbls. flour were ei at de, about 600 a 600 bales of cotton at %d. To London, rates Sages cheese, not before reported, were, engaged ab te? en e, not re, were ef and 6 tons beeswax at 3d. per 1b, To Havre, rates were steady—$1 for flour, 1 cent 1b. for cotton, and 25 cents for fre South of France. fo Bremen, 600 bage Br for ith of - were engnged at 7s. Gd.; 200 bbls. lard at %e., and 100 bales of cotton at Ic. To California, rates were A versel for Constantinople was reported, at $2 50 per Hay.—The market continued firm for shipping, at T0c. a T6c. per cwt., while for city use it was at $i. Howwy.—Sales 16 tierces hi ‘were made at 76c. lus.—Fair sales made, at for common and $1 20- for prime. Laap.—Sales of 200 Pigs Galens were made at 7c. cash, nd 17 tons English at 67¢c. Licomor Paste.—120 at 173¢c. a 10%4e. g eo'tbin far reported oe, $22 60. The Market Is, wae ti jr o ema * ar. Prime wes at $2075 a $21. Beef wea ‘a (alr be mand, The stock of old was light, whi eee Lid in tao ‘oun’ meen at rime, as are] Was unchanged. ‘the sales embraced. abuut 100 pack Lard was more active, and the sales embraced ‘eth pen bed be ont) at 12c., with some lots not etn ime ai ic. a eC. Rick Eales erase Patna were made at p.t., and 100 casks Carolina, part tor export, at Se. a 5%c. ese at Soe ie t a o., duty a “ean tee 0 ya, ex Hea Lark, wore ma 0. svoars —The market was more active, with some in- quity on the part ofrefiners. The sales embraced about too Rhde Cuba muscovado, at 6Xc. @ Tige., and 400 do. do. at Tern 136.; and 640 boxes were fold at 73¢c. Toracco was in fair request, and prices tained. Sales 70 hhde. Kentucky, ie. auction 62 bhds., at 63x¢. a 7M. ; 2 Se ee i, Niveney.—The market was stiff, with males of 400 bbls. Obio and prison reported at dlc. a 41 ge Eb é 5 z