The New York Herald Newspaper, August 2, 1855, Page 2

“NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, AUGUST 2, 1855. 2 Our Montreal Correspondence. ‘Virginia and Her State Prison. fm the ream was much higher about the | from a free State unless the free State, from cami: AMERICAN SUMMER RESORTS. | czmpice durivg he brietperdod that 1 have bots Mowranat, Joly 28, 1055. | ,, {fom the Rlehmoad Reguirer, ty 50), , | steam pA than H could have been before fom summer | ty wonld allow it; but, ia the language of Mi. —— mane me bo rgglz, nce open exutehee, | visit af French Naval Oficers—Thew Reception | wrgo"citen, we travel South and got out of the r0ictsg. | Tue lous to the State, which at the time was pea a gn a | SHARON SPRINGS. Ae aye, paae ie ther (0 Dart a wae | The Aristocracy and Democracy Liberality ofthe | Vireiaia, one ofthe largest Beate of the Ualen, and 000- Ue mes thaseperiatendent, wil net ‘exosed | thie is whst the free States agreed to wader tha Sraros, Noe Hore: | | Pho derive no benefit from them, but thay are pris: | Cxty Futhere—A Grand Dinner and dn Assorted | i2u08,°.3% umber of poeple, hag ealy one” | fivty iheurand aoa ie increased value of the new | cousAitutlon—not Sha they, Would net fee a Riowien ae pncesed lly pra bagless stpally of the class, who, a2 Thave already stated, | Company ‘The Citizens’ Ball— The Belles Brush- | that New York haa. "At tne date of the lat report from | machinery be admitted as an ofuet sgainet the nominal, | Save ceoeping, 4 todo, SO 07 so mms Soery_incatng Foplary of Soman | Stoeayy Caperenan ‘Thee ares fon bowere, | in w? 10 Strengthen he Aliance—A Mentor of | Seadren shane a he ge, 10" a ahem er | ‘aloe arty tnguran lary, Boy fi fhe ce | Duthal they would give the sid of fuer laws fa tom and Snobbery—A Wattcau Tableau with @ DOMP | Who legwe these without ‘reason to | Upper Tendom Coming Out. ‘white males, 81 colored males, and 36 colored . ch Geter yget re ‘ Back Ground—Virlues of ‘de Springe—Those whom | he gratetel for me, amalorstioa in condi-| Our usually quiet city baa been aroused from ita | Of the 180'white males, 37 ‘were natives of foreign | tospprozimate more ler scp 8 sive pent ye ee by lp re we i ‘They Oure, and those whom they Don’t Cure~A Start | tion, which created natural state of somnolency by the advent yester- This sppeara to be one of {he ory best managed | We have recently examined the new shops and | compacts. 7 A Noxruexn Junisy, Bing Eveni— Fashionable Amusements, &e., de. Be nd ae erent Meee eras uistasbed, in | day of Commander de Belveze and a party of officers e in the country, and has contrived always to now being pat up, and have been as Ear eas cee ‘You will rile when tell you—but it ia never Visiter. | of the French corvette La Cepricieuse, now at an- | Peirce are’ furnished. ffom the Richmond armory aad sarees ny are ee of the the Philadelphia Times, Je’y 31.) heless the fact—that aince my arrival here I have of the person | chor im the port of Quebec. Every body was out to the prison nothing. The yaried employments | bol Devutifal steam engine, by | -.The Now York Tribune recently annoanoed the had no leisure to faltil fanny which T made steam enzize | ‘205 the elephant,” and thereception of the French aap Regge machinery spot & Brother, of this ‘city’ of fitty oF Se eae Sete es eeaeenen you, of writing frequently during my visit to this mast ceedingly gratitying of |. Sixty-aix of them in horse power, bas bees ‘and one mouth county, N. J., pnt Pikco. The pursuit of health is ininitaly more en- | Bell t opons plank door, the latter ok Oo 900 | means cinealahed oleer, everpthing weing cow | Masia Yeats and shows, f mating baron, Lima: | comploe woof woolen machinery, built by amare. | of toe domain and buldinge st sackon on the 3d than any other occupation that I know of. y ‘but for the “ Ring up clothing, 22 blackemithing, 25 meking, grind- & , ot North Andover, with all the late October 4 the greasing would ily have been in flames lor ducted comme vu faut. ing, and painting axes, 3 making mill- ments to be the best ever | longest lived association that sprang up W concentrates your thoughts upon a single object | prompt and energetic efforts of the bath astendsate. ¢ | stones, 11 wneelwrighting, 4 making certs, 8 maki "of . This machinery con- | gteat effort of that achool of philosophers, on ty pathien with the outer worta, | No further fortunately done than the | It was, however, somewhst amusing to one 0 ‘4 making Wheelbarrows, 6. boxesext brought south Condem. | 2¢al first took torea under the of’ Albert pe cons hays » | destruction of part of the flooring.» Had the engive | republican tastes to witness the lick-spittle propen- | Catpentering, 5 cropering, and 00 at manufucts sists of three wide carding with condem- | Piisbene, who returned from France in £640. Hav: aad envelopes you in an atmosphere of seltishness. | jseif been injured it would have put an end t0 the | sities of some of the little great men of this great | coutry ervey and ‘ineeye. Here are saploymsate ons) 8 ackiet 240 spindles, ten aes me’ | itg become fully imbued with the socialistic ideas ‘Fhe slightest exertion beyond the daily routine | hathing for the season, and, in all probability, | oi0 os some of cur would be orators affect to style | *2onehin sll conscience to make the prison pay well, aye oat Rane eS into operation. A | of Fourier, he transisted a portion of his works, prescribed for you by your physician or imposed } would have caused the te de) of the | city, as come ro | parley suaemees ie | ChiDe at work. The | 88d wrote pamphlets for general reading, and lec- ow majority of the visiters, As it was, the service of | this goodly town, which, commercially and intelle:- | everything made there that it may have occasio portion of bard ‘of face trip | tured en subject in various pisces.” He also spon you by the habite of the locality in which you | the hatie was interrupted for the day, in order to | ually, is being rapidly outstripped by Toronts, | "%e ¢ of atl the convicts for that yoar were | Pease ang ve iacge grindstones, with polisy- | bought the privilege of two or three colamos in the are staying, sppeara to you ax so much diverted | give time for a fresh foundation to be built. This | Frawficon and London, in Canada West, where a | s2sst0ee, fa expemsonfoc proven clotting, set hammers ond five jorge erinceariy’ ‘complated, | New York Zrsbune, in which to advocate his views fvom the value of the precious gift of which you it was resumed a ‘ ‘ auch like objects, we cannot correctly ascertain, but » 2 aad if ception | entirely independent of the editorial depart- ‘The weekly hops at the Pavilion have received a | little American enterprise has been ia- of $2,96 61 on the year’s operations, is claimed by machinery, which, with ex meat of that psper. The editor, Mr. Greeley, soon ave im search. It is inthe completeness of this weekly hops A {the in- | fused among the people, and tue “ go-| fheSuperintendent. But if they had been snbject to | of the iron frames, was destroyed by fire, has been | Peeot Mitt convert to the doctrine, and the easove of the ‘most important ‘ements of Us | maice, te moe ofthe bram band being to mob | ahead” principle ls abundantly understood ana op- | 9m nae ok Yen acai genet, Mia coeae aeons, Jt |. Brey er ‘a San gener ral arrangement, #04 ) ‘7yibune teemed with Fourler’s philosophy. Dis- casative process. Without efficacious | for man in his state, or, indeed, for @ man in si eae eee eat bares, ‘exh PI les multiplied, and the movement soon began ta a are, *onid'b be of lito apes to him. Hate, except in that of the most ‘abiolate deataeas, | Preciated. ey aoe Bemis te polieys, t the driving power. The lsrye forcing ke form. Mr. Brisbane resided st Batavia, N. Y., r 9s [had heard of the beauties of this retired elgg Sed Ho ding een 09 Sik Tealized. Approaching it as » under moet uatavoratle circumstances—the rain descend. Sep & deluge, and threatening to sweep the crazy 'e in which I was seated down the steep aud @eagerous descent which led to the springs—I could met restrain an exclamation of pleasure as my eye embraced the different features of the } teat spread before me. Dowa the rocks of guy Facet the edge of which wound road which I was ascending, thundared the waters of a pictureaqae » BC the contributions of the previous heavy rains, so) om the summit of the hill beyond it, eommanding a view of a wide range of country, stood & building of huge proportions and portentos architectural character—the principal hotel of the place. Emerging trom the ravine, we entered the enarming Tittle valley in which the springs are situated. Surrounded on every side by unills, it meems to have been purposely adopted by nature to ‘the protection of the invalid. Here no biting eas ‘winds can penetrate to chill one’s blood, whiis: the emculation is quickened and the pores are opened by long izomersion in the sulphur bath. Here, too, scorching sun is tempered by refreshing moun- taim breezee, and should its heat occasionally prove e, there is plentwof shade to be found in fine woods which crown the heights and stretch @own cven to one’s very door. A more roral aud | naa it bd it it is impossible to imsgine; the Inge being uappliy invuticient to may tnees egreos: ig happily lent to mar these agreea- ble features. Biace my arrival here the weather has been mise- vable; the rain falling in freqent tropical showers, and afford but few opportunities of walking or miding ont, thin a week we have had but one wainterruptedly five day, whilst we learn that you im New York have been undergoing the ordeal of another of Mr. Meriam’s the weather, roads, visiters North, East, Weat and South. foli as it is at present; the ac edged efficacy of ite waters, the eanty of country by which it js surrounded, and the caused by the recent nigger revolt at Sara- , all contributing to direct a large share of the emigration to this quarter. The old habi- je wpot regret this, inasmuch ss it will di- time of one of ita greatest chsarms—its ess and freedom from the bustle and preten- Sicus characteristic of a fashionable watering place. ein already beginning to assume some of its most e@bjectionabie and disagreeable features, in the ex: travagance and coquetry displayed by some of the visiters in their toilettes, and in the spirit of ame! 'y and flunkeyism which is invading the Sah ests, and good breeding that have hither. ietinguished the acciety atSheron. The Pavi- Kon, which from its size and some alight difference jm ite charges, is }ooked upon by the would-be feshionsbles as the aristocratic headquarters, frowns down from its elevation on its smailer and sperms i Fa BE ' of the least reputable pursuits of trade, aud bloods whose pockets are as empty as their heads, speak ly of the “ people stopping at the @ther houses.” And yet at these other houses ‘are to be found some of the members of the oldest and most esteemed families in the Unton, sant nothing of foreigners whose names have som3 claim to distinction— such asthe Iturbides eR ‘he truth is, that as regards society here, all hotels stand on p! nearly the same footing—the preference being given by persons of quiet to these which accommodate the smallest number of visiters. In all, the cuisine and fad arrangements are excellent, the peop ietors these respecta displaying a vigilance and atven- ton which are not always to be found iu our ci: hotels. Veet an goby bv nes - attempted given toa jcalar es ment, #6 fo nec that the pablic shonid be correctly informed on sabject. The Pavilion, in point of size, is unquestion the cpledionsetiat ed ore bat as regards comfort and the social posi of who stay at it, it stands no higher than the already sltuded to the ex:ravagance in dreas of the most marked tndications of the ich are stealing over this hitherto quiet retending place. You may judge of the extent it is carried, when I tell you that some of belles at the Pavilion are to be seen flaunt- the springs through rain and mad in ening dresses and gay colored rib: daining for their feet even the pro- erahoe. Some of these costumes are 'ré and ridiculous character, being in extravagant as those worn at a mas- is gin Ae improvise Ades ” 1D and pools ds of course infinite amusement to the Were the objects of it but conacions of merriment which they excite, they would fly & place #0 ungenial to their ambitious aspira- Having deacribed the more salient social features of our little floating population, let me now turn to ® topic which will have more interest for your weadere. As restoration of health is the ostensible object which brings visiters from ali parte of the Union here, it is neveasary that no misunderstand- img sbould exist as to the specific qualities of the waters, or as to the diseases upon which they fare likely to have a favorable influence. Let me im the first place premise that they will not cure people with disordered stomachs arising from dissi- and over indulgence, so long as they transport with them their a ee and uncontrollable ap- petites. It is amusing to hear persons complaining @f not being able to digest the waters, when, even here, they are daily overloading their stomachs with Bpnatural amount of food washed down by or No, the invalid who seeks to de- rive benefit from these fountains of health mast ex- the virtue of self-denial, and keep vigilant wateh over hia desires. As regards ted —— beg ypcees booty ~) va pene ‘grad food be mast sparingly, an gced things set before him net at all. Balnds, frnits and Song of every kind ara, to be seca avoided—at least so say rman physicians ce of the use of mineral waters in bl ER ECEE ERS SE F Sioa: § fi i 7 ip! them, they quit their practice order'to Bensit by heaps ofthe waters. Among the eminent physicians at present here, are Dr. Mutter, of Patel hia LA, Jenchiod, of New ‘oo e of Brooklyn, The presence ese itlemen has been of great teheit to many who 88 reeently made by an experienced chem! + ie a8 Sollows:—— WHITE SULPATR srRiNG, Contents of Une @ation. Ricarbopate of magnesia + 24 grains. Sulphate of magnesia. Mou Sulphate of lime... BA Hy¢rorulphate of magnesia and | Ghioride of sedium and magnesium. Solid contents Hy¢rosulphuric BOB eee ee ‘Temperature invariably. MAGNFSIA SPRING. Coments of One Gallon. Bicarbonate of magnesia. . 20.5 cubic in. . 48° Pahren. Te compensate for thie, there have been other at- tractions, in the shape of tableaux vivants, ethnolo- ical Jectures, and even ventriloquial towrs de force y & peripatetic professor. The scientific gentle- man who lectured “on hair and )” was, I should mention, beaten all to smash by the professor in oem illustrations of the idiosyncracies of the human species. I muat now close this lengthy and rambli epistle, reserving sny farther observations that may have to make about Sharon and its neigtbor- hecd fors fnture communication. Gen. Almonte, the Mexican Minister, is, I understand, expected on Wednesday next at the Eldridge House. Scrvraror. Horrtble Murder in Peckskill. OUR PEEKSKILL CORRESPONDENCE, PRExexiL1, July 31, 1855. This quiet and peaceful village was throwa into a atate of excitement on Saturday morming by the announcement that au unprovoked and cruel mur- der had been committed on the evening previous by 8 couple of Irishmen. It eppears from the evidence on the coroner’s inquest, that the victim, also an Irishman, named McDonald, residing at Verplank’s Point, came to this village to pur-hase some arti- cles, with his little boy. It was here that he was overtzken by his murderers, who induced him to drink with them twice at different places, After getting his goods, the four started down the rail- road track for home, and when about a mile below one of the assailants pulled outa bott:e and asked the man to drink. Over this an old dispute arose, which ended in his bsing struck by one with his fist and the bottle being broken over his head by the other. The son seeing his father fall, started for the Point, crying murder. After pean the man till inaensible or dead, the villains, thinking to avoid all icion, laid bia neck upon the ruil of the up track, and the emigrant train, fifteen min- utes after, cut his head clean cff. They were stand: ing near the body when the train backed dowa, and from their conduct and conversation they were suspected by the conductor and engineer of foul play. They were arrested next morning on the eviderce of the boy, 12 years old. The jury return- ed a verdict of wilful murder, and they were com- mitted to the White Plains jail. items from Texas, We clip the tollowing items from our Texas ex- changes:-- The Harrisburg Railroad from Stafford’s Point to Richmond is betog pressed forward with the utmost vigur by the energetic contractora, Mesars. Kyle & Terry, and the work will be completed in time to enable the merchants and planters to order their fall supplies by that route. The company have of- fered the contractors @ pre! of $100 per day for each day that they may have the road complete previous to the lst of October. Colonel Ec'or, editor of the Henderson Democrat, wrote to Ger. Rusk, requesting his views of Know Nothingism. Gen. Rusk’s reply, which we find in the Democrod of the 7th inst., expresses his opposi- tion to the Know Nothing party, and saya he bas regretted their efforts from the ng, as in- tenced to secure office and political power. Gen. Rusk’s hit at “S:m” seems ss though it was also meant fcr bis collesgne, Sam Houston. Governor Pease, on the petition of the District Attorney, eleven of the jary and a large number of citizens, bas pardoned Conrad Friliman, who was sent to the penitentiary for three years on @ charge of aes ane, in killing Wingate, at Port Lava- ca, ear. ‘Goverdor Pease has granted a respite of ninety days to Gherke, who was to have been executed in Houston yesterday. (Gherke, who is a German by birth, murdered his wife in the streets of Houston oon oan nye by eral feeling of plessu: legraph saya ®& by re and congratnlation wes “awakened in Houston by the arrival of the first shipment of iron for the rail- road from that city. The Hunteville Item states that Hon. J.B. Ro- Governor, though theroughly opposed to tee Kuow jovernor, op) ne Know Nothings and She Btate Pilot Dr. Roberteon wishes to prevent a division of the democratic vote, ard bis course is commendable. The Central Texan announces the withdrawal from the canvass of ex Governor Wood. The con- teat for the gubernatorial chair will therefore be be- tween Pease, Dickson and Johnson. Governor Pesse has jesued a proclamation, offer- ing a reward of three hundred dollazs for the arrest of Jobn Booth, whois charged with the murder of Isaac W. White, in Liberty county, Booth is ahout 2 os i about a angie cells fh, jar 1, ba 8, oun srge mouth, bead, (lighter color than his fair,) beads forward bis body, and generally looks toward his feet in walking; voice cosrae, complexion dark florid, weighs about 150 pounds; Ser oreo wears rl it generally bent down over his eyes; has large fee New Patents Issued. List of patents issued from the United States Patent Office for the week ending Jaly 31, 1855— each bearing that date:— John H. Atwater, of Kalamazoo, Mich., for im- provement in wa*hing machines. Nelson low, of Newark, N. J., for improved method of feeding planke to planing machines. fone Barnhart, of Chillicothe, Onio, tor faa lower. Oliver D. Barrett, of Fulton, N. Y., for improve- ment in weehing machines. Jobn Ericsson, of New York, N. Y., for improve- ment in air engines. John A. Elder, of Westbrook, Me., and John Richardson, of Portland, Me., for improved machine for raling aud paging paper. John A. Elder,of Westbrook, Maine, and Ephraim Wood, of Wintbrop, Maine, for improvement in machirery for sizing and dressing warps. Frederick Field, of Toledo, Onio, tor cross-cut sawing machine. James Harrison, Jr., of Milwaukie, Wisoonson, for improvement Jn sewing machines. James Harrison, Jr., of Milwaukie, Wisconsin, for improvement in vault covers. Liveras HulJ, of Charlestown, Masa., for machine for sawing ratten. Solon S. Jackman, of Lock Haven, Pa., for im- rovement in machines for compressing puddlers’ jetge ones mn ef Weshington, D.C., for im Josse Johnson, o: ) D.C., for im- 4 nik, ee ieldiog H. Keeney, of » Ky., for circu: lar caw mondiel. ™ Stephen Meredith, of Meadville, Pa., for improve- ment in distilling coal with hydrogen gas. Fred. Perry, of Newark, N.J.,for rmprovement in cut-off valves for steam engines. Wm. H, Rhodes, M. D., of Berlin, N. Y,, for im- fers, of New "oak by jew York, N. Y., for improve: entilating hets. ve ment in Isaac M. Singer, of New York, N. Y., for improve- ment in sewing machines, : Paul Stillman, of New York, N. Y., for improve- ment in water for ateam boilers, Elam C. Ballsbuty, of New York, N. Y., for im- provement in exc! dust from railway cars. Geo. 8. a Canasn, N. H., tor improve- tment in musica! reed inatroments. Cc. C. Taylor, of Delafield, Wis., for improved bucket for water wheel. Anton Van Haagen, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for im- provement in soap-cutting machines. Norman W. , of Cincinnati, Ohio, for method of operating steam valves. Ante-dated March 1, 1855, _ Henry R. Worthington, of ,_N.Y,, for improvement in direct acting hydraulic steam Pps. Win. G. Wolf, of Philadelphia, Pa., for improve- ment in writing desks, Samuel M. Yost, of Connersville, Ind., for im- of Shem occ machines, N. Bigelow, of Cuba, N. Y., meat wong “peo N. Y., for improve- nel A. 8, of Pro in hot ait furmagen, noe I for im John P. Hayes, of Philadelphia, Pa., for improve ment in ovens. n.—Nathaniel P. Richardson, of Portland, met design for Franklin fire places, The French officers are completely monopolized by our self-created aristocracy, while we, of the demo- cracy, must content ourselves with s glimpse 4 /a distance at the tions of the day, in retuzn for the entertainment of those gentlemen at the corpora- tion’s expense. Our City Fathers wil) compare very favorably with the Gothamtte papas, in a gen- tlemanly and liberal expenditure of the public purse, whenever a plausible pretext can be found for the guzzling of delicate tit bits, copiously washed down with Mocet’s champague, manufactured in all proba- bility in Jersey. Today a dinner to Commander Belveze is to be given at St. Lawrence Hall, and to make the shing select, and effectually ahut out the unwashed masses from this public demonstration, the tickets are laced at ten dollars—a pretty tall price in tight times for dinner in the vil lage ot Montresl, where bankruptcy is aimoat staring baif the shopkeepers in the face. fhe com- pany will be composed of a few merchants, some members of the City Council! brimful of ‘‘two-forty’ eloquence, a liberal sprinkling of lawyers, and, to complete the aristocratic set, three or four medicoa will be thrown in, ‘to assort” patriotic sentiments and Bonkum speeches. Poffs direct ot Le Grand Em- eur, by fellows who a few years ago could scarce ind language sufficiently atroug to denounce him with, will form the staple of the after-dinner speeches, doubtless much to the edification of the unlea ned onteiders, r Ard all this fuss, forsooth, is expended because 8 wortby old sait, in cocked hat and epsulettes, has come to see whether or not some half dozen cargoes of brandy and claret, &c., cannot be imtroduced direct in Prench ships, taking in return some of our #pare timber, for which, by the way, we car find a nearer and better market in the United States, It is evident the French are not a nation of shop- keepers. The veriest dolt that ever commenced his commercial career by sweepivg ont a counting room could impart quite ss muca ical informa- tion as can be gathered bys naval officer over champagne, or in the enchsnting society of tie bribes ag Ss oa ry sete Leng ge Mais ‘tve la elle ! @: of the Recenieas it is therefore Prd they thonld have fer 3 to look at for their money. Tuesday night the citizens give a ball, and all the elderly ladies with marrisgeable daughters are busily engaged in brushing up their finery, to tempt the ycung officera of La Capricieuse into a matrimoniat alliance. Vast are the preparations; and mey success attend their efforte. One of the most exclusively exclusive of the upper ten comes out for once with s grand bail in honor of the visi- ters. Itis sincerelyto be hoped that he wi.l sur- vive this unwonted stret-h of hospitality, although Imuch fesr that there will have to bean imme- diate rigorous enforcement of the Seignor’s claims, to reimburse the void in his well filled chest by the nditure of a sum sufficient to meet the expenses ot this compolacry civility. Kxow Noruine. Our Dutchess County Correspondence. AMENIAVILLE, Dutchees Co., N. ot July 28, 1855. Methodist Seminary Oommencement— Oration, Po- ery, Literary Societies and Grand Procession— Great Throng in the Churches. The object of my present communication is to no- tice the commencement week of the seminary locat- edhere. This isan institution mainly under the control and patronage of the Wethodiste—yet not sectarian in its policy. Ite numbers usually from a hundred and twenty (120) to a hundred and fifty (150) pupils, and is as thorough in its training and scholastic discipline as most similsr institations. In the department of mathematics it is especially ex- cellent. On Monday were the business meetings and lite rary exercises of the alumni. In the evening they were addressed by the Rev. J.C. Foster, who deii- vered anoration, and the Rev. Robert Travis, Jr., who pronounceda ‘poem. Mr. Fcater’s oration was manly and forcible elucidation of the principles of education. Atter passing a severe criticism upon the so-called fashionable education of the pre sent dey, be elucidated the principles of Sidney end Hooker, and pointed ont the charactar, the dig- nity and responsibilities of the educated classes, with an appropriate application to the association he addressed. The poem by Mr. Travia was a gem of a produc tion. Firbalf an hour the audience was held in breathless attention while he portrayed the change which is going on in this world—in ite material constitution, in men and in nations. In conclusion, be pointed to that world where there was no chenge, but an immortaity of existence. On Tuesday the literary s cicties were addressea by Prof. J. W. Fowler, of the Law School of Poagh- keepsie. His subject was, “Che Providen:e of God in the Circumstances Attending the Discovery and Settlement of america.” 1n his introduction he illustrated the idea he intended to develope, by the similie of a river beginning fire: in a spring, ani flowing on with other springs and rivulets mingling with it, increazipng and increasing, till at lastit be- came & large and mighty river. In his rae he applied this to America, and went on to show how, in every point of view, we were, in the Providence of God, to become the en pepe that ever et has lived on the face-of the oh. After speak- ig an hour anda haf, and fearing to weary the audience, he abruptly concluded. On Wednesday were the commencement exer. cises. There were some twenty addresses on the occasion. There were two sessions—morning and afternoon—a much better plan than to have them all crowded into one. Too mush cramming at once, whether of tood for the body or mind, I believe to be injurious. ‘The attendance was eo large that no one of the four churches in the place could accommodate half of the people. So a large tent, capable of holding under ita shade some three thousand or more, was pitched in a field about half « mile distant. A pro- ceasion was formed on the lawn in frontof tne seminsry, beaded by a band of music, (not Dod- worth’s, but one which would not lose much in com, with that almost accompani- ment to literary associations in New York,) whi discoursed appropriate pieces, original and The front of the line had nearly reached the tent before the rear had left the » The stadents were dreased in uniform—the ladies in white ; and as they the hotel where I was stopping, the beantifal sight made me almort utter aload the sigh, “ Oh, I were a boy again.” Arrived at the tent, the exercises were opened Bde peed by Bishop Janes. And after another round of muaic, the young gents delivered them- selves of thew speeches. I cannot here critjciss them ail; therefore I will say nothing of any in , bat in general terms express my gratifi- cation at what I beard and saw. They were all, without more than one or two ex eptions, very creditable to the young aspirants atler literary honor, They did credit to themselves and the in- stitution which sent them forth. Indeed, it was a gala day for Amevia. This institution nas been in operation some twenty-one years, and educated about two thcussnd students. Some of the first men of cur jand have gone forth from Amenia. HF. Rerveat or tHe Carson LEAGUE TO ArrRaL THE Laypon Case—We understand that the Carsoa Laue have refused to acce pt the proposition made by Mr. Landon’s counsel to frame a joint ap on questions arising in the trial ot IAndon. It has been su] they would do so, that 4 decision oa the at iesue might be arrived at aa early as ible.— Albany Argus, August 1, Two hondred and thirty nine deaths occurred in New Oriesna during the week ending on the 2'st ait., of which one hundred and nineteen were from yellow fever pnd gine from cholera, a pet 10 tell th do 50 with the mechanics manufactures there carried on. Two or three months ago all the workshops of this pri- son were destroyed by fire, to ‘ace which will cost the State of Virginia one hundred thousand dollars. ‘The present mansger of that estabiiahment has held his position for more than twenty years, and has, there- fore, the advantage of long experience, aa well as great intelligence. ; The above article from the Washington Sentinel, is made up from_the report of the Superintendent ofthe Virginia Penitentiary, for the fiscal year of 1863. The report for the fiscal Mie d of 1864 has just been pbeaiens with the public documents for the Legislature. From this paper it appears that on the 30th of September last, 187 white ee were confined in the Penitentiary of Virgin! e woman only, who has since been discharged, and 96 free pertons of color, 12 of whom were females; making in all 283; an increase of seven white per- pons and nine free negroes, corre: ponding with the increase of the last preceding year exactly. This increase, however, we learn, goes rapidly on; for they have no less than 308 inmates at present. The Buperintendent has annually, for several years. led the attention of the Legislature to what he Ceems the inadequacy of many sentences under our present laws. In this opinion the Divectors concur, andin their report of the 4th of June last, they “again invoke” Governor to bring the subject before the rext General Assembly. They remark:— We think the arguments in tavor of the c! e pro- posed are almost unanswerable, and with great pleasure refer to that portion of the Fupeecieeten report to the Board on this subject, which is treated by him with #0 much ability and so thoroughly that we cannot add apy thing to its force. We the following paragraph from the re- port of the Superintendent of the 11th May last:— Of the free convicts (107) so received, twenty-three come under sentences for one year; four for eighteen months; twenty six for two years; and twofor two and a half years rerpecttvely; making fifty one per cent of the whole number for lees than years. The num- ber of mechanics received in this institution has always been remarkably small—never more than sixteen per cent; and the proportion for several years past has been much leas, probably in consequence of an increase of free negroes, Among the 107, there were thirteen me- ebanics only in the branches carried on here, five of whom had acquired a knowledge of their trades under former sentences in this institution; the residue were of course composed, for the most part, of mere laborera— idlers, women and men of broken down constitutions, or otherwise unqualified for profitable employmenty direst- ly after imprisonment, The Superintendent thinks that— In addition to the increase of crime which he (Colonel Morgan) believes no one now doubts, under the {oflu- ence of the new code, it can hardly be longer considersd @ matter of speculation that the present laws are un- favorable alike to the reforming and self supporting rinciples u} which the Penitentiary system wae Founded and long and ably maintained by the friends of Dumanity. These principles are inseparably connected with it as a sy: ofa character to render the humane provision of the Jaw requiring convicts to be taught in mechanic trades almont impracticable, and necessarily to make the su] port of that class ot persons burthensome to the people, whom thes have already injured by crimes, Thue they are made to inflict «double injury upon the ianocent community, to which indemnity is more justly due, without much capacity for benefitting themselves. They al exposed to the corrupting infinenc of the , Without hope of learning a useful trade, or being red to industry; Ranma bagged can have Dut Little incentive to improvement in morals, or to restraint upen.s mind siresdy embarked in the pursult of crime, hile they can acquire nothing useful they can hardly avoid imbibing much that is injurious. The Superintendent rematks, that “since it has been pretty well secertained that short sentences are in gereral unfavorabfe to the self-supporticg principle, new views are taken upon the reforma- is Loe ot _ ae = Lepr upa upon the earnings, snd losses of pene- temiaries of near fous ages of close matter, well designed to establish the corre -tness of nis position. He from the rts of several penetentiaries, where the system of laws id with ours, as to thort sentences, that the are small, and the expenses and !osses to the State large; and that where a different policy exists the earnings are er, and the financial results better. For example, at Phi his, Let Boe earned an average of $71 26 per , and their mere support exceeded the amount earned $4,469 76, which, with the salaries of officers, $14,868 40, and some items for repairs, abow that the wi expenses for the Inet year exceed the products of labor by $20,488 26. At the Weatern Pexitentiary of Pennsylvania, (Alle- gbany City,) the average amount earned was $54 85 pes oad and the mere support of the prisquers, without giving the salaries and repairs,) exzeeded the preducts ct labor by $3,368 63, In the Marylacd Penitentiary, at Baltimore, the deticiency last year was $8,516 05, when but the = before a profit resulted from convict labor. average earning last year amounted to $48 96 per head. The proportion of free negroes is forty- ree and # half per cent, and short sentences thirty-four per cent. In the Maine Penetentiary, where the short sentences amounted to twenty-five per cent, the average amount earned was $115 87 ine ‘ee but not sofficient to pay expenses by x 4 In Ohio, with 678 prisoners, (with only eleven per cent of sbort sentences‘) three large s ean en: gices tn use—a well adjusted system of manufac: turing—and the employment of a large number of convicts in building a new State capitol, Col. Mor- gon thinks “igen favorable circamstances exist for profitable 0 tions; and the report of last year exhibits a balance in favor of that institution of $7,399 22, The average earning was equal to $134 82 per bead. Notwithstanding thia appa- rently favorable exhibition of the operations, the Directors of the Ohio Penitentiary say, in their last report, ‘ when the plao of that ponitantiary ‘was first 3, the opinion was advanced, that instead of criminals being a charge upon the State, they wonld be mace to pay all the expenses of their punishment.” Inthe report of the directors for the year 1836, they said “that the experience of another fur- nishes additional evidence of the correctness of opinion heretofore advanced, that the time is fast approaching when the virtuous portion of the com- munity will cease to be taxed for the support and panies) it of the criminal. In # broad and unlimit- ed sence, the Board now say, this prediction never hes, ard probably never will, be falfilled.” In regard to the Penitentiary of Virginia, it ap- pears that for the year ending the 30h of . ber last, the balance in favor of the institution on manovfacturing accounts, wes (after charging the ealaries of the officers, directors and pbyscian $7,344 64, avd of the interior guard, (1, a) 33,71 90. But after deducting the agent’s commissions, ($5 318 96,) and contingent expenses of the store, ($132 50,) it presenta a final palance against the institution on this account of $1,669 56. That the oduct of labor was $27,720 24. or about $100 . At the end of the fiscal year the pro; on ef short sentenced prisoners was 32) per cent, and of free negroes 32 per cent of the whole number confined. Col. M remarks, that “under former laws. and until the good workmen taught under them had been discharged, we were able to produce annual: from $120 to $130 per head by convict labor. The was done with the aid of but little machinery, and that of the most imperfect in use.” The manufacturing operations were progressing with the moat flattering prospects of success, no far, at least, aa regarded the gross amount of goode produ the 7th day of December last, when the shops contents were consumed by fire. The goods t me, manufactured and delivered to the agent exceeded those made in the corresponding time of the year before, by $2,568 Sl. ‘The gross amount of manufactures have been increased within a few years considerably. Last year they ran up to $71,697 88; and until the fire the super. intendent expected this year to have brought them up to $80,(00, Whether the fire of the 7th of December occarred from spontseneous combustion or by the hand of an in. cendiary the superintendent bad not been able satisfac tor'ly to ascertain. The work had been stopped, and all visible fire extinguished about the engine and carding room after 7 o’clock P, M., and ten or fifteen minutes ht o'clock the fire was discovered. It waa in room, between the steam pipe (used for warming shop) and the wail, where it was possible spontaneous combustion might have occurred in the greasy wool, Some five or six years ago the greasy ‘wool im the same roem was found on fre on Sunday morsing, but the fire was arrested without damage. dhat occurred im warm weather, but ‘nu the last ease the pomp for raising water to supply the wants o! the ng, engine, &c., has been overhau'ed, set in a Dew artific well, and is quite » machine of itaelf, The ordinary blacksmiths are fully at work, 0 like- wise with the ahoe and bootmakers, and the carpen- ters and wheelwrights. The new shops consist of a main building 246 feet long by 60 feet wide, with a wing at the east end of 64 feet by 32, and one at the west end of 64 by 24, There are two partition main baild- ing, forming an engine supply the respective s* 6) new building, some thirty feet square, erected in the sho; near the engine, for a alles house, end to contain washing and falling machinery. These ae buildings are two fall stories high, and the superficial content of both stories is thirty-three thousand feet— equal to the contents of sixteen and a half two story houses, forty feet long and twenty- five feet wide. This gives some general idea of the extent of the labor required in their construction. A considerable portion, however, of the old walls served to build upon. The ceilings in both stories have been well pl |. The roofs are of the pebble covering; and the garrets, whish are very low, bave been partioned off in compartments, every ten feet, and plastered, to obstruct the fire, the vecessity for which was so obvious on the night of the 7th of December. rooms are among the moat beautifal we have ever ceen, and sp; comfortab'e in all re- apects. But we will add the two well deserved complimentary raphs at the close of Col. Morgan’s report, in which he says :— Icapnot speak too highly of the Bivedeta! and efficient aid rendered by the civil and military anthorities of the State andcity. His Ex the Governor, his Honor the Mayor, and the officers of the volunteer com- penies, and of the Public Guard, issued all orders ne- ceasary on their part, and they were obeyed wits alacrity. The officers of the fire department and their men, with many citizens, rendered efficient services on the occasion. The officers and guards of the institution behaved with coblness, courage and activity, and maoy of the prisoners rendered every service in their power, and deserve much praise. And now, gentlemen, ! must return to you my sin- cere thanks for the prompt and efficient measures you have adopted and sustained for repairing the mischi of this calamity, and the confidence you have mani- fested in me since the misfortune occurred. And I am sure we will ali unite in acknowledging our obligations for the patriotic and liberal contribution made by his Excellency Governor Johnson, from the civil contingent fand of the State, to aid in repairing the losses of the institution, and to the general agent I also return my sincere thanks for his hearty co-operation in every hing calculated to assist in making these repairs, A Court House Struck —Oue Man Killed ana Many Tareceare - ge sy ee) the eee ae in Tayler county, Ve., was & ting w) the court.was in seasion, and @ large number of per- sons within the building. One man was fustantly killed and several others prostrated, some of whom were ceverely injured. e Fairmont Virginian aay 8:— Our informant, who was in the court room at the time of the occurrence, represents the scene ass most territyind one. The building appeared to him to be coming down bodily under Pressure of some tremendous weight, and be instinctively felt for asupport. Collecting bis thoughts, however, the nature of the occurrence was instantly evident to him, and he and the other persons ran out at the side doors of the le say eer then, the screams of aome Jadies on the ovher side of the street con. vinced them that a aad calamity had resuited, and on reachingythe front of the building the character of the calamity was visibleto all. Stretched on the bricks lay a number of persons; in the midat ot them tbe denuded body of the Rev. Hezekiah Dun- hem, the young man who was killed, and whose ep bad been stripped of every vestige of clothing. Fortunately for the sufferers, the persons present knew the Lest method of restoring them to con- sciousness, and soon d them out into the raip, and commenced dashing water upon thew. After the sufferers found lying in the entry had been cared for, the jury rooms above were visited, end in one of these were discovered three more in- @ividuels who had been eo stunved as to be unable to help themselves. Two of them were taken out e rain; the friends of the third, from mis- taken kindness, would not let him be taken out, and he consequently suffered much more than hia companions. Of the persons shocked, some recov- ered s0 as to get away from Prunt; m the same evening; yet on the next morning (when onr infor msnt left) there were still six or eight confined to their rooms, if not te their beds, and one or more of them in a very precarious condition. Mr. Dunham (ordained to the ministry about two weeks ago, by the Baptist church in Pruntytown,) was standing, when the electric fluid strack him, in the front docr of the court go eps head = lean'ng a; the » The injured oo ge him, in ths entry. One man was co bly scorched by the heating of a pair of spectacles which he had in his pocket. Another's watch proved so attrac- tive that it was partially fused. Mr. A. W. Best, thongh standing some twenty ormore feet from the track of the fluid, had his “He arm, which waa in contact with a wall, paralyzed from the elbow down; and this without paining him, for he did not koow the fact until he undertook to handle a buckst. After administering to the relief of other and more ser lred te g only hia left hand, he took hatand stood inthe rain for a few minutes, when his arm soon subject to hia will, and free from every unpleasant sensation. The Prantytown Gazette, published where the occurrence took place, says : The electricity ran down the front wall of the honse, LA! eome points Roo out wicks, Lod oe others © ig and ing out the cement, i heanttoes room, up stairs, Major J. ©. Fleming, John W. Monroe, George Fleming, and John W. Sinsel were in business. The electricity Pe el the wall near them very mach stunned and rwise injured the two last named gentle- men. Considerable damage was done fo the cei ing of this room. Passing down the wall it broke out at different points. Inter-State Comity. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NRW YORK HPRALD. Saratooa Sprinos, Jaly 27, 1855. It is with no little surprise that I see by your paper the opinion set forth by Mr. Frelinghuysen, “that slavery is contrary to the local Jaw, and when brought there voluntarily, is emanctpated by force of the local law.” No such principle has ever been aettled; on the contrary, every court in every country admita that the law of the domicil iv the law of the case. In contracts, titles, transac tions, Xc., of every kind, the /ex loci contracius ia the only Jaw of the case, and no court applies its own laws toa foreign contract or title. So with slavery. The question is to be settled by the law of the State the slave is from—nee the dacision of the Sopreme Court of the United States, in Btra'- on vs. Gorman, where the Cincinnati packet had to pay for slaves cartied {rom Louiaville. Lord Mansfield, in the Somerset case, courted public opinion, and decided that the alave was free, though, as Blackstone says, the master was entitied to nis wages! The true basis is, that the siave {+ not free by eacaping, or bei ‘ken to a free country, for on bis return to State he would be a slave a3 though he had never left it; and to carry cut that principle, a tree negro would bea slave on going to a slave State—s ple never contended for. The true state of the case is this :—A slave ercaping or taken to a free State cannot be appre- bended, for slav js contrary to their laws, and their Is#s cannot be invoked to do what is illegal, and the alave may remain thero unmolested, as the awe cannot reach him; but should be roturn t» the State he came from, he is as much a siave as ever, like offenders evcaping to England. Be- fore the Ashburton Treaty they could not be ap- prebended ; but no one would say that the laws of Englsnd purged the offence, and rendered them irresponsible to our laws on their return bere. Were it not for the constitution of the United States, | sgree that no slave could ever be takeg end many converts in the western tate. In New ee too, the new took root, as well as in West. From 1840 to 1845, slerge of associations were commenced. In usetta the Brook Farm Phalavx, under the leadership of Mr, Riply. and, we believe, Mir. Dana, both now coanected edi- torially with the Tribune, was the most noted. At Mi in the came State, another was started b; Rey. Addin Ballon, » Universalist clargyman. We think some others, of lees note, started ia Maasacho- setta, Brook Farm flourished after suffering severe) the natural decay incident to such movements, it failed, as did all o'hers in that State, except Mr. Rallou’s, known as Hopedale Commonity. held together by a peculiar religious sentiment, and the people these convened are quiet and unobtra- aive; but they do not follow the pisn of Fourier, and in seperate dwellings. In the State of New York the most noted asaocia- tions were those of Sodus Bay Phalanx end Skanea- teles Community. The former occupied the old Shaker Farm, on the banks of Sodus pay about two miles from ite junction with e Nie the hep harbor ny Chordata ny of e, and a very advantageous location. The farm was an excellent one, containi: fourteen hundred acces, only three bund being under cultivation. ‘This part had been verp highly cultivated by the Shakers. It was jast the | for good thing to succeed, if well managed. jope could have been better. The farm waa pur- chased for $35,000, without capital, ae ee a few hundrtd dolars from the purses of a few capi- talists, who were induced to invest in the - Ment. At one time there were over two hundred pergen on this domain; of union, as the ers, about their religion, of which Yan out of money, could not pay their large inte- rest, and failed, ruining many who had invested all the, had in the enterprise. t Skaneatelee, a community which adopted the common property plan (not Fourierism,) was start- ed. This was lead by John A. Collins, whose motto was, “all individual property is robbery.” He waa educated a clergymau, at Andover, Mass., but here, attee Seeman oe a “ liberal” creed, in. which everybody were to enjoy their own opinions, finally demanded that every member should declare in favor of sbeolate athelam, and none should be admitted unleas he rejected a belief in a Supreme Being, in every way. All human governments were, y den as unworthy of intelligent human ne covimrerenent acetate rich in ) 4 California, and has fio ran for the floc of Beate Senator. At Manchester, N.Y., amotner started, which was only accessible to in i. cal christianity, but they soon falled—in lew than pe py we misteke not. Three or fowr othera and passed away in quicd succession, in the a Cy s00n ey adivelons patotine Tibeee ea ber of moderate une, and & number Saas oe in it. now 1 lose considerably by the failure. This has been iy ‘e have also bad asme of the seme attempts and failures in this State. We might add to this list of associative move- ments, several of a lees chimerical nature, that still hold on their way, and even prosper, so tar as their ‘are concerned, pecuniary Sach ia the com bape known as Ebenezers, who purchased a por- tion of the Indian Reservation, vear Boffalo, w Y. They are industrious Hollanders, au: in ry an some Not far from the city of New York, on Inland, is a settlement called Modern Times. I! ofanders propore to abolish the uee of money and the covensnt of marriage, the sexes beivg govern- ed solely by their inclinations, and their currency to be scrip, that A. owes B, s0 many hours’ labor. Their grouné work is ‘‘ individual sovereignty.” They main- tain thht every individual—man, woman, or child —is absolutely sovereign, and the only Judge of their own actions, and hence no laws be made to regulate them, and they should not be held responsible even to censure, for any act, however immoral; in tact, that no or sim can in reality exist where all are left free Hen Strange as it may seem, this society num- F among its advocates men sud women who move in the first literary acd social circles in New York and other cities. They are arly organized and arrange to promulgate their Love by introducing them circle where the: can gat socens. advocates reside in “Modern Times,” the business of fs ting in the city. needless to add, that this branch of Social! as they eschew morality, we one view in common with the Onei Free Love—and only differ in this ree the latter edvocate Long te exiat for « time, put thetr vices will cause their de-ay, while an ignant community will frown upon ail their efforts to poison soziet; with their outrsgeous tenets, when theyre atrippes: of their disguise. Evorement in Convmevs, On10—Tar Panties Cavent.--During the latter part of iast week, officer Dewitt, of this city, received information from Chicago that @ couple (one married lady) had tg from that city, and that the officers had traced them to this » After thres or four days of unremitting search she waa diecovered at a board- {og house on Front street, Her iavfal hasband had arrived here a day or two previous to her din- covery, ard, suspecting her being at the above house, watched the premises trom tbe loft of a stable near by, until he was satisfied of her being there. On Safurdey night, between ten aid eleven o’cleck, he, in company with some police officers, Tepsired to the toure, where they found her. Her husband hed ber conveyed to the cepot, and thr coupfe tock the eleven 0” train on their retar trip bomewarde. The pame of the iady’s first hv bend we did not learn; bat the name of her ~ dncer— the man to whom she now professes to® married—is Bort. The lady showed ment ree nance for her law/ul lord, and deciared aho never again live with him ss his wife. Bart, ;we are informed, followed toe occupation of boa) * and is eaid to bave been on terme of intimsc#ith the hneband of the Iady with whom he e)d.—~ Columbus Enterprise, July W,