The New York Herald Newspaper, June 24, 1855, Page 3

@ur Kansas Correspon..once. My Saran, near Western, Piatte Oo.. ot May 25, . Dacriphan of the West—An Emigrant's Jour- mey—Preture of Western Cities—4 Snake Story—.Adorce to Emigrants—Cost of Living in the Tervitories— Newspapers out West, &c., §c. As per promise, I now write, I lett New York om Tuesday per New York acd Erie Railroad for Dunkirk, thence to Erie, then to Cieve'and, then to Toledo, then to Chicago, thea to Alton, then down the Mississippi to St. Louis (twenty-five miles in steamboat), I arrived at St. Louis Friday, at 12 o’elock noon. This place, as regards steamboats and freighting business, takes d wa any place of its size Leveraaw. I counted 128 steamboats ; some of them are fitted up as costly as any of our fancy ‘oats. They look at a distance like floating nous3s; but when you get on board they are very com/ort- able, and some cf them magasficent. I inquired about the weges of the offloers—oaptain, $2,000; Pilots, $200 and $300 per month; cierks, $1 000 to 41,600 per year; engineers, $100, $150, $200 per month. The ateslings are good, as I judge from appearances. The hoteia at this place are miserable. They are doing a big business, and cave but .ittle as to your ‘being satisfied. I saw but one good house since Tl left, and thet waa the Young America, at Chicago. ‘This house ia fitted up in msgaificert style. The barroom fs about twice as large as the Collins Hotel bar-room. It is continually thropged with fast men, drinking, smokiog, &c. The eating saloon, sonetaing like Thompson’s, is alzo doing a big businees. Chicago and 8t. Louis are both places where everything is bustle and confusion, and more business is done in them thaa in any place Lever saw. As places of residenos, they are dirty, azd,I shouid suppose, very uchealthy. T left St. Louts, by the Missouri river, for Kanase City, in Missouri, about 500 miles up the Missoari, and about ten miles from Kansas Territory. I paid $15 for my passage, which includes meal, state rooms, &., dc. Tho officers of these boats area devilmay-care act of men. [hey will drink and smoke with you, and, more than that, ask you in returm. They earn their money easy and they live about the same. You go over t2 bost anywhere. No one disputes your going about #s you plesse, Everything is in order, and passengers, clerk and, captain take it about as comfortable as they can For a maz who has a fancy tor steamboating I ‘should guppoee he was better paii for doing little than any place I ever caw. The bar is let, and I should suppose on some of the boats was @ profit. sble business. When I started up, the river was very low; our boat drew 2 feet 10 inches, and some ef the time we were stuck for days on sand bars. The river is very winding; the water dirty. This they drink, and to a etranger itis ard to get usedto it, The tables on these boats, I think, are rac’ bat, ter thaa ours. The sceacry along the shores to a stranger is icteresting; in fact, everything is new, and this makes time elip away quik. The deck hands of these boats are Datchatd Irish. They have three times as many as we have, and their work is very hard. Their wages are $30 and found: They are @ mizeradie set of devils, and as such ars used. Tamared myself moat of the tims shooting dacks ard gtece, sa the shores of this river abound with meere at times. In going up the river the steamer doea not go very fast, as ths river is narrow, crook- ed, and has send bars and snags. ‘The towns are not of much nots, bring like most Scuthern towne--three negroes aud one white maa. We arrived at Kansas City the next week, Satarday, being one week om ourpaasags. Keusas City is situated on the Missouri, in the State of Miss:uri, about 600 miles from St Louis, and about ten miles from Kansas Tercitory. It isa piace of some busi- ress. Hemp (which is the principal production of Missoati,) is brought here by the farmers or plant ers to be sh'ppei to St. Louis. This place is cele- brated for nothing else, that I codid see, ex- cept a dizty, miserable hotel. This house is doing ao first rate business, ue most of the emigrante, and, in fact, all bound for Kansas leave the boat Sere, and proceed on their land voyege. If I nad thetact and knowledge of a pud lic houge, I would pitch in here. Ivis hke all South erm places, a poor miserable hotel, yes this is ths commencizg point of emigration; sna I think from the rush ¢aat .s contin going through this place, a good hotel could not othersise than make a fortune to ita proprietor. When a bost lands, you ace get Tupning all round town begeing lodgings ia private The hotel A they (the hotel) use their barns, stables, &o., to accommedate the paesengers, [here ia one thing you must remember, and taat is. the emigration commerce i this apring, and the rash nas been very great. Tas warm now, as also the cholera, does not seem tc deter them from the undertaking; the hard times in the States also lends enconrage- ment, There being no hundug as to the quality of land in Kansas Territory, this will end mast Keo up the emigration. The emigrants are of the fira clase, mostly from Ohio, Pennsylvania, Iowa and asaachusetts. These are all cabin passeugers, and mostly farmers, some ‘with treir worktog utensils, algo wagossand horses They are algo intelligent, and are of the rig>t stamp to make things go ahead. T see no Datch, Bian or such claas of emigrants as we as eng Gee York, Ce Te dotlar Per ab jace,) emigratin, ja country, bind like it 7ras to Califorata in its infancy. A>- cident hea piaced these towns 90 that tiey are now ‘the starting points of ration to Kansas, and ere long some en‘ ‘enkees will have hotels ard livery stables on the Canal street plan. These two things ae more needed in this. pars of the coua- try than ary thing else. If emigration should in- crease, the few first ones engaed in the under are sure to reap & benefit, One thing more on this pot. Whoever comes out here must male up his mixd that he is not at nome, as the manners ani customs of the people are ferent from home. In fact, I am out hore, and bless me if ever Iretara until { come wita sometniag. My capitat out here {a a very lite m }, and a great deal of impudeace and walting, until the first is equal to the jatter. I shail not retarn for some time to come, if ever. I left Kenses City same day for Westport, dis- tance five miles, This is a place of considerable Dosiness, btirg on the route to Kansas Territory— the starting psint for California, Salt Lake, Santa Fe, and New Mexioo. It is here where the trains are started for the above places. It 1s surprising what amouvt of capital is engaged in this business, ard I learn mony fortunes have been made in it. It is all bustle and confusion at the of these trains, which are composed of from 200 to large ocvered, wagons, filed with mer- cbandise, each drawn by twelve to oxen, bound for a journey of 1,000 to 3,000 miles. They have their tents, cooking utensils, &c., &0., and are armed to the tecth. Ra oe ia a long, tedious one, butover a besutifal prairie most of the way. Those who have been over represent it a3 such, but say, also, there has bee: much rattendiog it, as the unfriexdiy Indians are pitching into them they can get. The trains we now so large and the men so well drilied, that they fare the wi whoatta k them. The, military road is also near for Uncle Sem’s soldiers for the different forts in Kansas and Nebrasks. All oo ee these trains extending over the ane of the wagons being white, ou can see them for miles. . This town ( Westport) receives a large share of its trade frem_ the Shawree Indians, whose Reserva is near this place. You also see their mulee. These are employed the trains for New Mexico. The the are generally Yankees, who hareben weeee in these parte for acme time, aud sp2ak the They are a fancy set, and most of them srerwealthy, and sport large waton chains, diamond rings and pina, a ee aé te ben start maro! ate dress fancy ian a end armed with rife, knive if ae Hi i Hi niles. 4 follow passengers from Ohio. We aleo three mea, foliow ” whic ae Ver- goodas can be. The ground fur miles is as aoe as the Third avsnue, and interractei now aad 60 with ttle keolls, which you would nut cail in our horses North woald not think ot walking up bored AK Lone —, he t o equel as regards quality of 1a ry. I think I ‘have now de- only add that as Tegerda there is no wait tilithe setders have dug walls, &3, As regards wood, of which there is a scarcity, na- Sure acema to have provided cosl, which, fron what little has been seen of tue country, is here in great nity. ats have eaid before, we started in an ox cart, and we travelled over this beautifal prairie; the wa- gon or cart being covered, prosected us from the sua, tip ll Seach lemon team ‘he tm ride I ever had; wo mado about, tures miles par NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, NUNW 24, dre oaliegicd Cana thoy bid fair te be plewtiel) a + PEO vicious will come down to the old Desde pits, whicn ere lees than hatf whet ever been is New York. Now, as these parts, besrd +nough to aatiafy mo thet [ s2nil pet make a ten etrike, tesides my If you cr ary ove ictend far: I would not heattate seying, “Come and be pola: ‘to me.” Bat conside:iog the lite information I now withbolé my advice until I s ring expedition, whioh writ he wishes. Pease send me a lot of Hanacps from 1st of May Interesting from California, OUB 84M FRANCI80O CORRESPONDRNOS. Ban Franorsoo, May 16, 1855, How Lattle We Know of the Golden State—Is Boundaries, Rivers and Agricultural Resources —Gold Mines Not Exhausted ~The Old Misnon Fathers—Plenty af Fruit—Land Tenures and their Cost—Prospects of Farmers—The Kern River Mines--The Salinas River— Valley Lakes —Unworked Mines. It ia a curious fact that notwithstanding there is scarcely @ village in thé Atlantic States which does ot have its repreceatative in the Pacific State, but hour. Allthe company seemed to be in high gice; tke chiloren were scampering over the prarie, col- lecting wild flowers; in fact, it was yaib'e for them to keep ati], After we hated at an Tadian log house; the Indians ad all gone to a war dance, and the hoase wes left with a negro slavi ‘who gave, us aecee.corn ened and hamyanliwe 44: preitte hens, which Isbot onthe way. Atter dionsr or tea, we chatied, smoked, & s.,and thea concluded to find out how we were to alzep. (here being but one room in the , there could be no quarrelii abcut thet. Their being two beds, feaily hed one, the rest tock the other bed floor. By my ways in bed, with our the we managed all to The slave intimated that if the Ia- home in the night, they might be drunk, andin all Letecamyin ugly, 60 we exa mized pistols, placed them 2 pillow, and Iaid down. All went on wall througa the nigat, prety that more travellers a ked to be accommo ai with lodgings, permission beiug granted them to fod under the aced. In the morniug we had breakfast, and atter breakfast we started ageia, we paesed the same description of country as { have already noted. We anived at tne city of Lawrence about dark. We were us! into a house cslied a hotel, the only one in the plase. It bad about one hundred guests at tes, which consisted of tea, bread, no but ter, ham ard molasses. Board one dollar per day. After teay we were told that we conid aot be lodged, as the house was fali; but if we chose, we could Isy on the dining table, but taat they could furnish us with notaing ex ep’ the table clota, whiob we were welcoms to use as & sheet. Having zo other alternative, we were lett in nossession of the diniag table, to svift es best we could. After spreading oar blanket and then the sheet or table cloth, we tarned. in on the dining tab’e. On the second floor sa0v9 us they bad mo bedsteade, but there were bunks ee bus y put three persens, making bu: ks ard floor contain in one room about 100 per- eons. the lumber contained in the batlding wascat in the forenoon, and the building put up ia tre after: Doon of asme day, 0 you can judge of the quaiity of thehonse. After deeming fora nile of the goodold times of Adam and Eve, we where all startied by a moan eit ping out that there ‘was d—d big saake ia his ped’” You know that was eacugh for me; [ made fare ar out of bed, acd I lit on something soft, whiea 1 believed was a spake I fancied saat it. was,as the eel of my foot, I thougt, smash- ed his besd. I sung out, “Here he ts; { have Billed him!” Those up stairs came dowa to see the suske, aid after getting a lamp, and nos yy tag tbe enuke, we found rothing Bat a the dining table: and rebably: Keke by mone be dining 5 c some of usin the night. ‘After en} g thw joke’ moon at my expense, more partic the ‘geatleman who ralaed the alarm up staira, and who swore thet there was no mistake abcut bis suako, I proposed that we sboutd examine for it; ete ae et bis bunk we found that his fellow buuker bad p his cave in bed between tcem, fearig some one might take tt in the morning betore ha wa: up. [t , time a man left California with a lump of gold little of the true condition of California is kaown to the publi: gemeraliy, Not one in ten of those who will read this letter has, for instance, ever heard thas in a single county in California there are more @apes grown than in the grape growing Sisti of Obio; apd yet such is the fast; mor do people gene- rally undereterd the ground of the prediction always made by every well informed Californian, that the gold mines will continue to yisld as well for meny years to come as they have done darizg the five or six yearapast, A year ago or more, Governor Bigler wrote a letter to the Husaxp, setting forth a few statis'ical facts going to show that the soll of Ca- lifor nia will aud does produce more and better waéat than that of the Mississippi valley; and the letter was published from one end of the Union to the other. People at the East wondered at the astonishing pro- ductiveness of the California soil, and the Califor nians wondered why it was that the p-ople of the Atlantic States had not heard of it before, A few months ago a ateamer from the Isthmus carried tha news of the failure cf several cf the principal banking houses of Cali‘ornia; buat little gold went by the steamer; an impression was created that the miaes were failing; and set at about the same in bis trurk woz:th $40,000—the largest pisos cf go’d that had ever been dug fro ths earth. Peop'e who hear these apparently contradictory facts atated, deciare they don’t understand it, which is the acknowiedgment of another fact—tho main one-—that they do not understand the true charac” ter aad condition of the State im scarcely any im- Pertant particular. But few persons who have ritten of California, have treated of it aaa whole, having, on the contrary, geuerally ast forta facts ard speculations applicable only to certain localities, and which information, when applied to other lo- calties in the cams State, is apt t> produce, aad set prodnes de foles impressions and errocecus ideas, muh to the injary of the State iteelf, and greatly to the ancoyauce of persons having interests in com- mou witht oseof the State. To correct sud error is the object cf this commenication. se ‘The scuihwestern boundery of the S'a‘e is ata Poivt a little below the thirty third parallel of :ati f E oF f g i HW el ix B23 x 2 Par A € fe we State, cy and fertile and, a'most whoily untouched. well as valleys, and end of the Sierra Nevada range Letle north of Watkios’ Pass, that Kern river rise. This stream falls the ssme rame, whioh is one of fed by streams from the Sierra, whe great couthern river of the fornis, the San Joaquin. Kern River miswoy between the 35th and the 36th of lstivude, and fs the most southern gold mining helky - the Bite at [ ngpotaoerong ote worthy attention. he reports have coms from Kern river, tome toy the effect that the mives 12 thet locaity are very,rich, and some of truth pro - ecizely an ppposits character. Babyy ts that the Kern river mines are about as pro - ductive as those of other portions of the min'ng re - fom’ all the reports, tat te bialzg oom xt reports, © m om ex- terds the whole length of tha 3 southward. This has for asveral years been a favorite theory of some of the most intelligent minezs; and now that 14 has been found in cousiderable quantities at ing ftom the fuerte isto tbe erent alloy ve thooyy ¢ from Te areal 189 ‘wou'd seem to be strengthened. It is ino a favorite theory of intelligent anc practical men tcat gold will be fcund on the eastern elope of the Sisrra in au groat abuzdavce as it bas been fouad om the western. Waether this theory prove well grounded or not, it is ow, by s experiment, proved beyond a doubt that the gold country extends from the north- ern boundary of the State to Kern river, a distance 01 et least five hurdred miles, ani averaging in width about thirty miles. Not one twentieth part of this vast territory has ever beea‘‘ worke2 out,” or even fairly “ prospected.” Within the above described territory (the 35th and 37th perrallels of iatitude,) in the mountains of the coast range, rises the whilom famed river, Bue- raventure, now kacwn more generaily as the Saliaes, This river, which it was formeriy supposed drained the great vailey of Caiifornia, has n> comaection with that valley, but owes i's origin to springs in the mourtaina of San Luis Obispo, whence it runs alozg between ridges of the const r: » in @ course Sexerally abou: northwest, tot!¢ bay of Monterey, where i discharges itself into the Pacific. The vailey of the Bajinaa is oneof ths most lovely on e . The are very fertile, aud the cli. mate such that vegetables, gains and fruits are grown continvally at all seasons. The moun‘aius Produce yearly a heavy crop cf wild oats, and the Satile feeding upon them are always fat aad sleek. For a smeil farmer or a large cotton raiser, thisis a vary desirable portion of tne State. Kast of that portion of the esast range above described, lies the great Tulare valley, in which is situated the Tulare lakes, and a large tract of fine agrioultural country bordering thereon. country is fast being settied by i B immigrants, chiefly from the West, who foresee that befcre many years, when the San Joaquin shail be navigated with stesmers as far up as tne lake, as it will be, tbat they will be edvantageously looated with reference to market facilities. The soil is a rich alluvium, which produces astonishiog Kest of the Taare lekes, be¢ween Kings river acd Kein, ere numerous small rivers, ronning from the Sierra to the valley. Ail of these streams rise ip apd ron through an auriferous country, which has beez soarvely touched by tte miner, and wai is, oped @ dcub!, as rich in gold as azy of the miae- rei regions furtber north, In 1845 Col. Fremont Beasea through the Sierra at the head of Kern river, meking a cousiderable trail which has never since bern fuuy cbiiterated. ‘This trail was followed during the last winter by acre “iprospeching® miners, and as it lead to Kern saver, those “prospectors” went ia taat diroctioa, rather than leeve a somewhat marked road to goon eazy cther. When at a proper.altitude in the mouc- teins tney dug fr gols it, the news spread, fn ex itement was ore: vad the Kern iiver mines became famous. This ia the or! of the ES ret sae ee itis apt precisely ~ aid } with the ory of nearly every min’ locality im the State, ss uf inf H.C. tude ard on nearly the fostieth degree of longitude, reckored from Washington westward—exterd ng ee oa beyond it thirty eignth mn wgitude, the boundary live strikes, the: river at the powt where tha! disc! ? Tema, and is tbe scutheastera boundary 3 ts Slate, ani sc! ern of the Stat the eastern line running up the O>iosado to the thinty-fifsh parallel of latitude, Between the thicty- fifth degree of Jatitade and the scutaern boundary ot the State ta s vast conztry, emb:acing the coun- tics cf Ban Diego, Los Angeles, San mardino, wesone cf tere yor] you see every day la New York, with a dog’s‘bead, with crooked neck, eyzs, ears-and teeth. This proved to be cur friend's enake. After this, we retried again, each one to his jetting in bed it com merced thundering and lightaing, (which is Gone up brown in this part of the cour- try), and at each flash you could see distinctly thrcugh a!l parts of the house. The boards Beiug green when es) up, had warped so much that you could almcst run your head lig the cracks, the house not having lath or plaster. No windows in the hcuse, coly brown sheeting nailed over where the aath belorgs. The resuit was that the buokers uy, stairs were soaked cut, and after that we all got below. I obtained an umbrella, anc beld it over m: igen a until the shower was ht a ni morning we were reques' oo, a they wanted cur sheet fcr a » and our bed as the breakfast table. I objected to this, [peice tei prohohaee fie Go HS ge » when I conetnded. cetine can tting too hot,and got up. After breakfast, which was but a regetition of cur tea, Iand feliow trevelicrs took a siroli about the city to examine the public buildiogs. The city of Lawrence is situated on the Kan- sas river, about 100 miles up. This river is ravigable up here one month inthe sear. Tae city c.ntaize about a dozen frame houses of miserable construction; one log house, (store), the best in the place, and the rest, about thirty, ure mud huts, built of scds and mud. You “probably have seen & picture of a amall Hettentot village. Ifyou have, you can fancy the city of Lawrence. There is one poor miserable saw mill. The day I teft tusre, two more mills, or the machinery for them, was arrtriog in town. water was Wary, pete, and to get it, the landlord tells me, he goes it a mile anda hit. td ecarce, cotton wood, which is hsrdly worth sawing. I shoud add that they are now putting up two buildiags of stone in this place, which, frcm present appearances, look as it they might be something when finished. One is intended aa a hotel. There is also threo print- ing offices, or three newspapers, (the population not cver 600.) These papers cannot make eaoush to pay the printer’s cevil’s board of one paper. ‘There is no dcub$ that these papers are saaported the abolitionists of the East, as the editors have the eppearancect being fed at the public expenec. To corclude with this town, lots sell f»r $300. Taere were abcut a dozen Yankees who startod tais town or city, a8 it is called, with tho intention of making their fortunes. It Jeb. remains to be scen how they will succeed. The three pewmepers in tue placs are only intended to stir up the feelings of the pub- Hic sgeinst the slave States, and also to puff up their city ) Which a'@ at present hotbeds for diseasc. In fact, the whole affair at the —— time is not fit for s white man to show his in. I left this place for Leavenworth city. Thts place remises more than ay city I have scen in ‘arses. The buidings are much better and snbstential, being situated on the Miszoari river, esd primisce time to be sometring of a plce. Tcok beat up the river to Western, a town about ten Cog m4 the river from Leavenworth city, ard five from Fort Leavenworth. Thie plase, (Westerp,) situated in the State of Missoari, is a Jaco of considerable business, more so than any Cen acen sicce lI left St. Louis; has two hotels, dcing o first rate business; board one doliar per day. The bouse I lodged at—the City Hvtel—sa8 about sixty alas Renee Ate per week.) Leav- af procured boerd in a farmer's fam'ly, on the Miesouri river, abont tive at rane aed until I have settled mv claim. I s' to morrow again for Kansas Territory, which is over the river about rifle shot from cur henee. T have now given you a descriptior. of eversthing Ishall rive you ond week from tot in that letter will em w ich will ive you infor- Sarta Barbara, and a part cf San Luis Obispo and Tulare. At a point rot tar below the thirty-fifth parallel of latitude, forty or fitty miles from tae Pa- cific sbore, the mountaina of the coast range and these cf the Sierra Nevada meet, forming one chain only, which rues southward to the southern bound: ary of the State, and maictains tre title of Coast Range. These mountains are knowate be aurife- rous, but whether they contain gold to ren- Cer mining in them profitable, isa problem which has not itt been fairly teated by expeziment, All the streams that water the couatry above des- cribed fall either directly into the Pi » or into the great vailey of the Colorado; thoseruuning east. ward fir ding an entrance into the Colorado, gene- rally 7 wears of the Mokare, considerable triba- taxy of the Colorado, These streams have no con- rection with the system of rivers that torms the Sacramento ard the Ban Joaquin, buc fall in oppo- site cizecticns, ano do not water avy portion of the goid country preper, This vast territory, eacrecian, ap area tearly as large as the entire territory Macasctusetia acd Conrecticat, is a land of sur- wage end and cf astonish’ ng venees. e ite piesents an eternal summer, varied ouly by the dry and rainy eessons, which correspond with t30 dry and tte rainy seasons of the northern porticns cf the State. On this vast plain were the oisccvery of gold, auppited the auinere with beot, gold, supp! 4 It was here toat the oid feanere of the mission used to teach Christianity and agriculture, both in avery primitive manner, to the I1 8; and it is here that bow ere reised crops of and vegetables by ame pemerere Americaus, which crops have astonished the world. Oranges, limes, apricots, indeed all the tropical fruits, can be raised here with as much facility as in Cuba or Jamaica, most of them being indigenous to the soil; and well tried experiment cas already preven tnat the vine flour- ishes beze as well os in the best grape-growing lecadity of Italy or France. Of grains, barley, oats, wheat, &c., have been raised here of as good qualit as in any other conniry, and in jer quantity to the given sere of land than on tae most prodactive soil of the Misiesippi vailey, while table vegetables are produced in such quantities, and wita so very little trouble, as to rencer them almost valueless in a pecuniary point of view, from their abun dance, Most of the iavd in this territory is claimed under old Spanich grants, some of whi sh have a'r been confirmed to the claimants, some rejected, and aporticn is etill unsettled. The ucaettled condi- tion of the titles has prevented cepitalists from investing money in the purchase of these lands for ej don, and the ocnsequence is that wncever eters us on them delievirg that the fee rests in the Upited States, will be likely to hold for a good farm, ray 160 a zes, by the payment of a small sum, in case of confirmstion by a Spanish 5 or by the peyment of $1 26 per acre, certain, in case of confirmation to the United States. Here ia the best oe agricultural eount: on tre face of the earth. land can be had ai cheap rater; sud the busirees of ay Aa lands, if proper judgment be exercised io g upon what eort of Senge te I gp tapas honed able busiz ess. es of the oe Bee bas tekeartiat inks colt pro- ducts of these fine lands, and the pay- ment wili always be in cash, as that is the precia> article prodaced from the mines. 5 persons who were ocd who are ready ph Totten because they ousinces not 8, ve either enough money to retire from business a r upon, or becauss that they de- sire to enter ucon seme occapation more similar to that which they bad previously been accustomai. It ismoncn for the Interest of Cslifornia to have this Southern portion of tne Btate settled by farmers who will make their farm bouses their homes; who wil Deantity their i 64 we henge bef ive es well ae ole. trious familics wile will. Tas State —net bowmestead law, nor is it alone the fine climate of “be country, bat ‘with ordinery gocd fo. tune, no man who sete goal connties from the ses, Seb edd aah teak b beg American force was divided, a part aa- with comfort | cending anda pay within ore it to retire upon ten years’ Jabor upom his own exteto. Suche hi ho ty it terate i lorhelloved, by tices, have ~ 4 owld be ex foc Our Charleston Correspondence, Cuazuestow, 8. C., June 13, 1855, Celebrating the Anniversary of the Battle af King's Mountain— The Turning Point of the Revolution ary War—The Temperance Celebration, §c. $e. You may bavé noticed in the South Carolin ps: ere sce prop2sition that the anniversary of the battle of King’s Mountain should be oslebrated in York District, in this State in October next. It has just been determined that this celebration shall take place, and in antIcipation of auch an event some of the suggested circumstances may not be altogether uplutere:ting to your readers. Persons of a limited degree of geographical know: ledge, and who don’t care to take the tiouble tolock into a map, will remember the form of the State of South Carclina is an imperfect equilateral trisngle, one of whose sides extends neariy east and west, with on opposite vertex in the south. If a perpen- Gicular lize be let fall from this vertex upon this base, it will very ceatly pass through the cast ern border of York district, whoee northern boundary is North Carclina. Yorkville, the seat of justice for the district, is accersible by railroad from the South, ard is eighty cdd mise distant, to the west of north, from Columbia, and King’s Mountain, which gives name to the battle, ia about twelve miles west of north from Yorkville. ‘Tre battle wes fought on the 7th of October, 1780. Sitce the disastrous defeat of Gen. Gates, on the preceding lish of August, the last hope of the friends of independence in South Carolina had be- come extinguished. Tae deeds of insolence and atrocity on the part of the victors were almost withcut's parailel. The pecple were, as far as pos sible, compelled to take the oath of allegiance as British subjects, and numbers of the worthier aud more influential of the citizens were trans 20rted to a villancus ccnfirement in St. Augustine, as ariddance of their example in restraining them fiom taking evch an oath. The“ vile swamp fox,” Marion, however, yet held together pear re rf netrated into , a0 baer trr grey of military opposition to the British. But the inbabitanta of York district, retaining somethivg of that ob-tinate spirit which was the character of their namesakos across the wa'er, in the O!d Country—the ‘‘men of York made re submiasion”—and were never psolled as pri- vopere, nor did they take protection as subjects. Soumwpter bad reunited s pert of bis men here, and after bis defeat on the 18th of August, they re- tired to their homes, k i up, however, @ smell bard of fifty or sixty junteers, equipped as dra- = It was Coring this summer (1780) that Col. Fer- guson, with the 71st British regiment, bad underta- Ben Panwoe aly 0 visit di districts, for the purpere of entercing obedietce, and training the arg mex for service in the field. The depreda: Xian which were practised upon whig citizens in the course of bis march, were extremely severe, and te escape such once megy persons fled beyond. the mountains, into Morth Carolina a:d Tennessee. ‘The near approach, however, of the marauders to the rorthern districts, alarmed the mountaineers, who bad hitherto only looked upon war from a die tence; and of their own motion, and without ang requisition from the ser em! themselves to oppose t! farthsr pro gress, Nothing like @lscipline was attempted, but ieee apa ci gor a tone acu blanket asc gut, bi that he was accustomed to pursue the beasts of she ferert, ‘ergason bad left Gilbert Town, in North onctinn and a to the south by «' somewhat clrouitous , wae i in Gcn. Cornwallis, Tear cipe such an event, the the; come wp with Col. Ferguson at King's Moun- fois, on the of October. ‘The summit of the mountain ine barren ridzez, exterd'ng from northeast to routhwest fore dis: tones ot sometding Jers thea a wile, and 90 narrow thet whoever might rest upon it pe Ries ia aiace The Giviatop bad asconded, and trem a. quar | Our Bt. Lawrence -ared a a well directed fice. A ay oll Oa a fay >on esl nv division wesla 6. ee Sen ard Temes tm Tom Dioge aeetaee sa saat. od clatesed the attotiog oftason, 227: | Teads and Public Houses Loving Vat Sune of eras Travel, No Trade—Southern Tre cullers Avoiding the Nosth~Orops Bade ward—Fruit Destroyed by pit Sa Vege were fovosd to surreadsr.” Toe re- fables @ Luxury in June—Large Quantities of Gre. Gatees wan Oo bat tenes to! 2, "mber, ge. fo light chow teat ‘this tata tac Yorp maoking_ Tus, {28 SOehwentor peat ofthe Blab Mow whe battle th pray: ebokee aoe ae an us Won Was scarcely lees important vailing sph on times. Fiom the opening im ite reeulta to the countzy, il ‘of 2 Rouge Poiat raiiroad, come Bagh, tan. was the deicsoe at Fort Mortiri. or 0 ‘be Osea, Sarg and the battle of Buniser Hull. 1 was war by weakeoss Six or cigtt yem's since, this village added vastly te By. deopa nian Sesidenee'Gvd" ape!" ax Tar poms wilel bu valet tap eee ‘was won in the darkest period of our revolutionary bool sisppns rt a oe struggle, oad, ore pecan % Doceasary step, as it sey aes eg cg lgy pevircobnyel was a step, attalomeat of eaviy upon peep streets where Ind Dendsnen aud the vindication sod LI nerd fet “4 of human libe:ty. Thecelsbrasion of its an :iver- sary, tbev, Lg ag exclasively to south Coraline, It was fought om her soil, but in the Might the b'ocd of other mingled her ows. strict anu ¢ay cocuriag on the Sebbath:) That the Hoa. John A. Preston of this Stato, gad tae How. Wm. A. Graham or Judge Bafger of North Car; lina, be relected to act aa orators on the 0r08- sion ; that the President of the United States and his Cabinet, Lieut, Gen. Scott, the Governore of Vir- oer North Caroliza, Tennessee, and Keatucky which States were represented im the battle), be es peciaily invited to be tati_nbe extended to the citizens of Seem te those who are descendants of any w10 ik part in the battie. A general committee of arrang: m-nts is appointed, comewting. of sixty.one of the first citivens of the various parts of the State, and ever’ 1g seems to have been dows ¢ at can bs dore to brirg about thedesires result. Bus I fear it will not end according to cur most sanguine ex- pectations. The battle ground is tweive miles Sway from railroad, aud grest efforts will have to be made to convey come thoursnds of people over the not very good road that is now pre; |. Loon. sider it very unfortumate, moreover, that the oom- mittee of atrasgements are so scattered about the Btate. They should have brew appoieted trom York district where there c-uld have been ready consul- tation and ready action. Now, though the men are in themeeives the best that could be solected, it {s to be feared that with their distance from each other the progress of arrengements wili necessarily be tardy and urcertain. It is best, however, to hope for a triumpbant result, beiog sure at the same ¢:me that if Bante Carolina shail be tourd wanting with the meaus of securing it, it wi!l not be from a failure in patriotiem and hearty good wili, but rather from eed like s careless procrastination or neg- ec ‘The temperance pow-wow closed with the week, ta the satisfaction of everybody that 1 know. People in the city who are of tre cpivion that when drinks are concerned, nothing but The pure elsmect Is for maa's belly meant — were satiefied, because they really believe something has been soc:mpliched for the great avd glorious csuce, On thie point trey confound with an instar ce of most unprecedented refoti You will readily comprehenc it, and indulge in admiration, when I teli you that curing bas speeches here Gon. Carey flurg, kicked, spit avd wriggled off such imorcipate quantitica of sloquencs, that a looal reporter of the Courter newspaper, one of the Mercury, and two of the Siandard, have ficm'y resoived, the Lord willisg,ard theie ability to gat round the corner of the City Hotel being vindicated, to be initiated {nto the wysterira of tha O-der of the Sons of Temperance in this city, on Saturday eren- ing rext, ¢ 06 16th izst. tbe deiegetea from abrond were satisfied (to reeumé,) becauce they met wit’ a reception so kiad exd corcisl, and elegant, I rode into the coua' cn Saturday, in the same train that too! the col water vistters from the city, and being more pertionlarly in the same car with a dozen of them, conidn’t halp bearing (fo: they were aot uttered in pmenthesis) the most abuncant and uvmeasured corg:atulauoms coucersing tae hospitality of Chanectcm. The common places of tre whole “drive” however, ¢-me t» @ point in a remark from & rough, bonsst looking vid fellow—s deisgate from Fhilate'phia— whosat dire tiy behind me, and quo hed been “afore now to New York aud Baffalo, and Pitteborg, enda gocd mavy other sich places,whera they had temverance meetings, bus this ere tims in Chsrieston sewed him up in « big pag.” Leuppose tas remaincer of tae Brooke interse‘ed are catisfied with the reeult of the pow-wow, be- cause ’ta @ partofl its resuls that ’tis out of sigh end hesrirg. I Our Maryland Correspondence, Faxpmerox, Md., May 22, 1856. Trip from Georgetown to Tannaliytown—Baptism ofthe Latter Place—Local Officials—Seenery— The Farmi—A Deacon on Knew Nothingiemn— “Live Oak’'—Gcarge, Houston, Deuglas and Pierce-—What the Grapeshat Has Dene for Georgs Law—Bepes of the Famers. As a foot passenger on the great highway of life, T propose, as I stop to reat on my long pilgrimage, to give the world the bensfit of my observstions on matters ond thisgs in general, including scenery, crops, agriculture, po itics, &c., through such sec. tions as I may pass through from time to tims, in biief epistles. I started from Tenza!lytown, aa ancient and ho- norable collection of antiquated houses of some dozen, cn the turnpike wading from Georgetown, D.C., to this place. The place took its name from a femily of cue brother ard two sisters, who dwelt herp in single bleasedness, “long time ago.” The brother died and the sisters kept cakes aud beer, end astbey mace their owncakes and beer, they became celebrated brewers and bakers. The place ficurished om the cakes and beer, aad the Misses Texuaily bequeethed their name to the place, and died withcut icaue, or any ecandal. It has always yeen a virtuous piace since. There is a hovel, a biacksmith hop and a tarnpike gate in the place. The blackemith is the gatekeeper and the post- master, and a very fatell! mav, thoagh not of sny kin to your learned blackamith. Toe ssenery is delightful, commar.ding from various eminences on tbe reed, & view in the distance of five or eix miles, of tre city cf Washington, and the towns of the sar- row ¢ing country, Although sfilicte’ with 8 terrible drought, the ferrous look well. The crops promise a good harvest, especially in wheat and corp, and there is no lack ot gced livizg in Tennallytows. serene week there, with Mr. Cartis, from Williame! , Lowg T.Jard, who bas « splendia farm, an excelient wife, ord a very interes’: end who has beena farmer for two yeers here. The country, from there to tris plece, Yaa suffered for the want of rain, put recent sbowers have changed toe face of tue farms and farmers, end everything looks well for an abundant bazyret. ‘with 9 Deaso@on the way who hess fire farmsome twenty miles south of bir, and he gave me a very obeering view of the ttateof geligion 12 hls neignbcrhood, and of the Know Nothings. Nigcans vee « , once & week, may on b&tseback to @ ceancil thet the ral Kuow Nothiogs tu aia Givcess, bat that from some cavee cr other be seemed to be ‘sot back,” es Isg wes two 30296 ago, bpd thes the Jonss mon were foll of Geerge Law for the pext Presidency. I mar- veled at this, bot the Deacon explained it thus: “You see the peopie sick of politicians, and adn, man, who will carry out American es and Auprican inte ret; and remenow they bave got it invo their benca that George Law is the man. Tris place cowtains seven thousand souls, black ond winte, and bis surrounded wita a rich eoun‘ry. A farm, abouts mile from the , Was yeoterdny for $130 per more. ‘This wat formorly the Yesivence of ex-Geverner Francis Thomas, one of the obit ard oS apgammceaee great men. Herve 1 e is very popular. 1 fi: dtbat tbe setion of George Law in the arrest of Beker, has mide him troops ot frieads through this region ot country——while the gg me te a Le Bp end "i m crops, eapeciall; promire of an unusual yield, Tretconnisy te aly, ve land wth Guanes acd lime We produces well and toe Wehineen ‘and i — aives the poe eo nll eg founda more independs: bap: py People than the farmers fm thin rogion of coun. Ly arenot burthened with brains, care very |'t for books cr newapavers, seem uatisfied wita their condition, omd do not aaple to anythlag beyond a god living and & moderate hops of heaven here- year or two eiace s crowded thrwg were constantiyy | stores have few customers, and thay purchase vesy erisgiy. Mspy meebamios bave left for ether | Parts, in seared of em loyment, whilst those whe are compelied to remain leper withoat aulrit or oe, sere ao, trade from the country about, because ‘the farmer hing ket, and on:- uarter of them So stall : tion of }» both upom water and lend, in this: of tre State, is deconraeing Gas deplorable. f peg a4 ani Ontario ‘hemp! riches talronds that seer eit “then, ea » are teat posing passengers or aes suffi sieat te pay ae hn hcg = Owners, propris- eums of money, The manag: H ers of ¢ epeuie ves! io conveyan ‘ea have made great caicu'a ‘ions Hs te — yn ot reigt oat and ay fe cut 0 enjoy e my atmosphere orthera k, Now Ham aaire and Veranat The SI Southern guests, anti customary holiday sorag. es hot ‘summer moatas Bat t2 saying mout reflec the Southerners a best te ts af ‘They eupport ms ot pe rogers meres Cae mea who plunge the South in a atate of civil contention aad deadly strife. Taking tre abolitionists, who mostly contro! the public houses, and railroads, and steam- bosts, and the Maine law dema, is, who are exdeavoring to monopolisg the malo ot alt liquor ie the Northern States, we have s combination of rothiess avd nepriocipled knaves, who dosorve te be avoided by the people of the South, Ja toils region of country the crops are veuy beckward. Cora, oats and potetoes are sbout fsirly ont of the ground. The weather is gow more lke March than Juze. Most faui- ies ase keeping up their February fires, with closed doors and winter olothing on. A ho frost blightett gion the a Sunday fat, 8 ail prospect of fa io thie Camm A ly wall for 7 nares fon. The cold, wet weather is Tees acd winter rye, (wheat don’t grow here, bat it does adtinog¢ ina higher latituds in Canada, just ncrosa tha St. Lawrence,) bat for all Te Getation it is divastroua. . to day at the dlanee table of the St. Lawrence |, tre guems de voured lettuce end young onien tops with a Lapa ten) bene Lea Pipe cine white in New York suoh spring vegetables were om tho table in early ApziL vith the datness of the times, the coid, Srnary season, the fruits of the Maine Liquor faw, and abolition fenaticiam, the peopls in tuia frozen corner ot New York have a Sioomy prospect enough before them. + Ia the region of countsy borde-iug on the Ogdens- burg Rai'road, ruvning through the northem per to. 3 of Clinton, Franklin St. Lawrence eoua- ties, there ate piled up immense quantities of sawed lumber, cvch as bard wood hemlock plesk boards, fet ng miaves, 200p Bet gn coord Tre depreasion in the pricee of these artio‘es in the workets on the Hudson river, New York and Bas- ton, prevents aebipment, and here t is great ausant of propesty remaing ia the bandsof the ‘ambermeng they keep sawing apd aylittiog atill, ia anticipation of receiving before the ead of the season remuna- rating prices. They are the moat industious set of foilows in t-e world, and are deserving of bstter - pean Sas they can now get for their enterprise and jahor. Bews trom Braztt. OOR RIO DE JANEIRO CORBESPONDENOR. Bro ps Janzie0, Mey 1, 1856. Settlement of the Paraguay Difficulty ~-Peace Oene cluded--ASMfinisterial Relations to be Opened— Salute to the Brazilien Flag—Navigation of the Amazin— Advices from Buenos Ayres and Mon- teordeo, ‘The Bresilian war steamer Viamo, from Paraguay, which cailed om the 13th of Apri!, confirms former notices from the seat of war, aud states that the difficulties and questions exuting bstween thisom- pire and the republic of Paraguay will all be ami- csbiy settled, and that em the 23d of March was published cfficially at Assumption that the re; a bever intended mor desired to offend the @ of Brazil by distarbing in the least the tions that existed between these two governments, and that they br gy to receive the same embas- eacor, Sencr Filip os Pereira Leal, the last Minister from Brazil to their republic, or any other op Bis ners iroment would ‘eatroto send. 20, the fisg had been saluted with twenty one rounds on the 26th or Marob. The question of navigation will aleo be settled agreeaby to the two governments, bu! the condi- tions of ths negotiations Lave not appeared to the poblis. nit pan snore in, Ses ot the wat areguay, nore res cocurred at their anchorage. Dates from Moxtevideo aze to the 20th of April, from which p'ace there is no news of imoortence, News from Buenos Ayres to the 16th informs us of reat depredationa committed by the [edians in the terior, and that the government is making active arrange me ata to control them. Freights to United States ere firm, from 70. te $1 per beg for coffee. The Rabicoa will sail sson with the cergo of oilof the Marie, which was oon- éemved end aold in port. No news from cur sqaadron on the const, or the Feat cf war. F. H. 8. When Soldiers « Dic in tae Lime of Duty.” TO THE SDITOR OF THE HERALD. T bave read Attorney General Cusviog’s recent opirion in relation to the inquiries presented te him bythe Hon. Mr. M Clelland, upom the trae coratruction ef the Persion act, as to when « mam may be eald to “ dio in the line of duty,” to entitle Congress. tt ¢3 my mind, aus ef prove of his nct “ying { a « ia rests with the . It however, that the error of his found in the fact the line of 00, ewern to support, the tion is that in the Hae of duty.” If not, the officers of ernment peg wit iyo time surgeon, we or Cee sept ot hla death is, filed on recor the War or Navy i i & & E i Bree? Zz ag. iy z = = i iz i i Fs 8 2 ez rt 7 i i i i i aI Z bitte fp £