The New York Herald Newspaper, June 17, 1855, Page 2

2 NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JUNE 17, 1855. a . it fe impossible to ob- AFFAIRS IN EUROPF,, | fererate tieople Imponiie to ob Londen Corr me Sen sapped Note C8 a Denes a aa put in the excited state of the public Lonvon, Ms", 91, 1855. ahe Trip of the Atlantic—Our P assengers— Ex President Fillmore—Curious Fyct Relative to uda—Affaiss in Europe, &c,, §e., Ge After a most unusually st” cmy passage for this sea- von of the year, we lande% safely at Liverp2ol, losing pothing Dut our foressil, which was split by the gale. ‘We were decked om the evening of our arrival, and ‘ap bour later the 250 passengers of the Atlantic were scattered through the various hotela of that | biustered, and we wereobliged to dak 224 gloomy olty. Bx-President Fillmore, you are aware, waa & pas eenger on board of our good ship, and it is as cre- ditable to bim as it was to the passengers and crew, ‘hat 1 united in paying him that volantary tribute of eapect which was due to the bigh position he eosapied, and ta the honest, straightforward man- ner he filled it. Americans and Englishmen, when i seeming from home, are apt to be gramblers, and to Ptrgreye exbibit no particular regard for offisial station: bat en this occasion Americans and Englishmen united im tho praige of Mr. Fillmore, while they made but very little bones of the powers that be, and very feely expreeed their hope that things would seen eben ge for the better in Washivgtom. Our paceen gers were from ali States of the Union—from Louisi- aind England and France on tie subdj-ot of the Rassi Bagiend 004 Fives attention a Ld time to act if we aia Mirister in Spain, equal to the emergency. Had Mr. Soulé been more desirous to serve his adopted country than to render him- self conspi uous, and had Mr. Plerce been apxious to serve the South than to obtain her cuf- freges in time to moke bimseif a candidate for re- election, Cubs mi abyge tnd or bagi | without loss Tat us bave no more diplomaey for 82: combe. ia the Palace Scene With the Queen of at Madr! March, the reprecentative Franobi, bad presented thia official re tastes to ane, Mississippi, Kentucky, South Carolina, Iiinois, Seren Lae Minister ot Foreign alfates, ‘emo had Pemsylvania, Maryland, New York, Connecticut, | Dive any aiempis on the interests of the clergy, aw to Mases:busetts, Minnesota, California, aud what | reepect the stipulations of the compact of 1851 Still later, another protestation was depostied with Signor Luzuriage, and communicated to the Queen The coart ot Rome, besing itself precisely on the compact, enstain- €€ that the government of Spain, from wnich tt did not neparate the Cortes, has not ied pes to mate any at- tempt on the right of property of the clergy, supported by a diplomatic convention, authorized previously oy & constitutional law, voted by the Cortes and sanctioned by the Queen, These steps of Moveeigneur Franchi were supported, we are told, by the Cardinal Archibisbep of Toledo, recently arrived from Rome, and bringing the Iatest {nstractions of the Pope. The’ representations of ‘tbis prelate easly alarmed the religious scruples of the Queen ond the King Signor Madoz’expected it, and he had told his two colleagues, the Marehals Kepariero and O'Donnel), that, when they should ask for tne sanction of the law just voted, they would find a resistance in the Queen which would’ require great ellorts to vanquieh; avd as Signor Madoz noticed especially the iaflarnce of the Archbishop of Toledo, Marsha) O’Donnell repied, ‘If the earcinal persists im creating difficulties, we will send him to the Philippine Islands,” On Saturcay, the 28th April, two processions left Ms- érid at the same hoor for the royal residenze of Aran- juez—one conducted the Marshal Duke of Victory, Presi dent of the Council of Mimisters who waa to present to the Queen the Jaw voted the preceding evening at the Cortes, full; termined not to retarn to Madrid without having obtai the royal sanction; the other proces- sion conducted the Mouseignear Freachi, who was to communicate to the Minister, Luzuriags, the orders which he hed received from the Holy see, amd to demand his passport in case the law shoald be promulgated, The Marshal had first & conference with the Kiag, and the loud sounds of his voice etruck the +are of the cham- berlsins and officers in attendance, waiting the clove of beg pointes discussions. The Queen had answered by a refusal. net; yet among that vast assemblege, numbering five ex-Members of Congress and a host of enter: prising men of s!] professions, there was not one Teal bona fide friend of the present sadminiatration —net a map, woman or child thas did not look tor- ward to the expiration of Mr. Pierce’a term of of flee an a period of delivery from a national position atoner humiliating and powerless, What « position ‘Te United States might assume, we ali thought, if @kere was a man of character and integrity at the head of the goverument, evjoying the confidence of the people and the respect of the world! The weak, vacilating course of the sdministration—its allianoe with all the iseues of the day, its ebuffling policy— now filibustering, now dieting for a reputation of Renesty, Lave disgustid everybody, and form the theme of regret and censure, even through the mo- netony ef a sea voyage acrosa the Atlantic. Mr. Fillmore was the only man on board the ship who enretully refrained from expressing an opinion on @he manifold shortcomings of his successor in offlos: ‘Where was taste and propricty in all he said and did, and a total absence of everything that could invi* @iovsly distinguish him from the rest of the com- peny. The everlasting over-atrained effort of Mr. Pierce to sppear what he ia not, has done more towards ruining him than all the philippies admin- cagtoee: rare ae. 7005 bager naiekloert Pethpiecse intexed b pay opponents. Ronin PDE quence, both for public peace and for your own person. Among passengers on bo: antic we ‘ou koow with what iy sare made in to hada gentleman by tho name of Man—no elation | jes Madi the popeaion elma erond ney ef Mr. Dadley Mann, late Assistant Secretary of | tothe lastextremities, and, believe me, the Assembly Btate— but, by a fortuitous circumstanes, the pos. | il not hesitate to put im force the mort ensrgetic rose- neseor of very important despatches originally in “ J reproach mayeelf,? said the. Gases, pie avng fexded for Mr. Dudley Mann. These despatches | consent e presentation of this law, which trou »! wafer to the acquisition of Cuba, and reveal a | mics nuh the' Pope; ani fam resoires met toeice inane @arlist plot for aliensting the island, The Uniled a faa og 5 pomyiness: that there will result from is, States were to farnis> ten millions of dollars toward | ®"ry, Varsha baving repeated the dificalties which the Severin, sine a rmietah gon see | aetna teers ens aie rae ae tion, and some important Austrian official, (wcham- | Qieen replied that they had fouad her docile oven in Berlain to the Emperor of Austris,) was in ® mea- | painful positions, and that she could not believe they sme to sires and control the movement. ‘oe | Li tren bein canara witea o8 partero ¢ 5) defenders. dead; but I douvt much whether it would have | |; Well; then, sign,” said the Marsal. been : wecessful under any ciroumstances. What I mann ‘espe me Se fe Ty Doe ‘Wiwk tolerably certain is, that the ten millions, if | _1he Mars went to the King, to whom he re- ‘bey bad been tendered by the United States, would | Son‘ iio inrove a ng te revaation 7 a “i ary hom ncentd hy the Catt eters an ah | S905 i cin ant irene naae ashes the money voted under the Gadaden treaty. From Re fact that an extraordinary appropriation of ten millions was asked for by Mr. Pier‘e, it would seem at Mr. Dudley Mann was not the only dupe in the premises, and that folly in this instance, as in many ters, bas been remarkab!y succesefal in making preselytes. I mean to follow this matter up in Paris and Madrid, not only on account of i's no- there, we willrenonnce tnat constitutional royalty for ticzal convention: it wil! declare your fall from the throne, and banish you from Spain. If you push us them such 2s you have msde them.’? The Marshal not having sceseeded, returned to Madrid welty and romaxce, but for the iaformation it may | which we have made so many. sacridces, an we will ‘ad to on subjects generally nterestiag to the pe. ® repablic. Spain will not be the mors ua- Im the evening thefministera wera convoked, and it was decided they should resign en mosse, if the Queen atti! re- fused her sanction to the law. The next day the minws- ters arrived early at Aranjuez; and Marshal O’Donael!, Deing the first to enter into the chamber of the Queen, id to her, ‘‘Macaum, I fear that yoo are unger illusion fo your situation, ' You are. ignorant that if you par t in your refusal the Assembly will constitute iteel? » appy from it; but we shall retain your daughter; she be- longs to the nation, and might serve aa hostage to an- awer for you imereased power and vigor. It is the only means of These marian uttered with great energy, by & min eMaining acceptable terms ct peace on both sidss, Freon datreas in te mind af the Qusen, eetyed Af are ze courage, BT Was ex- free, ‘loreal ach:vements and rota ace | Set", eta enerrea ih Stats fo rome the only safe basis of negotiation; and though this | ‘I will do that for the tatersst! of my daughter teat T mey be inconvenient to the imbeciles who, for the Wuhan [ig le ago nk orl Sart tast fifty years, have usurped every important pos’ | ail the strergth of my soul, against year violenes; wm the governments of Europe, public opinion every. | $241 Rope ist God will make to fail apoa your bead, a agus where has recognized the necessity of tne case, and weakens.” : ite 4 eo . ia i is shi Ss prepared to act upon it. The late debate in Par- | ,,At this moment the rand Chamberlain and the laties Mament, which will be resumed alter the holldsys, torts, cntae Tite chu re’ bent ave ths are bas produced no other effzct upon the people of | cf her mother, ¢ ladies knelt at her feet, entreat- par per ei bpp ne tam promige the safety of her parson sad the Sewiintos ipcsed no other o| ion on ministers than | of the dynasty. 40 openly and candidly avow their intention to pro- | 4,4 etiam madam sud Marabel O'Donnell, hers ere seoute the wer with vigor, until the material pow ir eee pereiote aan ges coaches, Wn soemas — paren amd condition of the allies shall give weight aad | ° tt kee cole ee oe momentum to their pretensions. x Bid aay pase OF Fouhscd "at ae as- Parliament, a} this moment, presents almost as womplete a state of disorganization as the army did mt one time before Sebastopol. There seems to be ‘m0 lack of individual qualities, but a total want of eo-eperation to effect @ particular purpose. Phe | that should proclaim the national convention and the vacancy of the throne; and were prelading these acts ‘imperfections axd she:teomings in every braneh | 37's wingular coincidence jan Be the ‘mozoat the! of the government are deeply felt and apprecisted; | 0’ renee was manacing the om at Mis but there is no master mind anywhere to lead the | ,,*t terame time, the chisfa of the a vere otter ilar questions, and were cond path of salutary reform. Under these circumstances, undertakiD, My of the Sescobly ogaingt the Desdresmerhnd ‘the prerent ministry will continue in power, com- | of the people, howerer, were gaily asaisting at the buil ‘Pored, as it still is, of the best working talent knowa ite hy 4 ‘The Eastern war is about to be carried on with ruming a revolutionary aspect. The gireisom hed boon consigned to their barracks, numerous groups of people formed in the streets, and those memers of the ee bly who were known’ for their advanced opinions met in one of the rooms of the palace, where they proposed measures most anarchique. They demanded « decree fight, and applauding the banderillero Oliva, known through all the city by the part he toox, in the ‘to the ration; but the time is not fer distant when | 4ey# of Ju y, in the murder of Mr. F. Chico, chief of the the crisis itself will point out the men equal to its monteipel Police, and of his servant. Oliva was the exigencies, and resolve to substitute logical se- settee com] ‘of another Landerilliro become fa- ces of events for the fancies or idieayncracies | ™9us uncer the name of Pacheta. We have made a point of giving this recital, (says tae the present ruling caste. It is, b ipriwl ah & for | Courrier de Bordeauz,) pectin 4 becanse ee eee ese tunate thing for England that story of late | reason to believe in its correctness, but eeprcially be- =) a eet Sega py oy ap gor ~ = “et Ll the EN CA La ey a — men; wi we cannot separate 8 dnvited to take their sonta in the nations] conastis, | cireams le to thege deplort bla scenes and that that which could otherwise only be effected | is not the thing which touches us the most; whatever ‘seanguinary revolation, will be ted by all | iterest may be attached to the project of law of Signor ¥, auenke taaecladernconede et 7 Madoz, and its natural consequences, thia interest faites Fy . im “men = pele 0a be th, ost | Pefore that which we feel for the person of the Queen esent war, om 1 by the m and the principle of monarchy in her person, Royalty irighttal disasters acd loss of life, msy prove the | ise fundamental institution in Spain, and we are con- ignal of a general advance in the science of | vinced it is necessary, nay, indispensable, to the pros. perity and the eas of that noble country, But it is on cendition that the royal shall be surround. ed with regard and consideration, and that {ts indepen- e which gave ri Shien follow in the ef mere tumuitnoas achisvments. The whole series of revolutions, ‘all their ‘and entead 8, from | dence should not ceave to be respected. It is, unbapplly, Heshfo AGd wer caly symptomatic of to ae: | “actin vemniatyor Snceua net bw eased state of the bodies politic in Europe; but the | Sutin vers coipetin ant ite ae aed rls com, wen who rose to the sarface wore not the pb; un-clever. What can be expected from such excessea? espable of token! Regd roper remedies. The: Without doudt they have obtained the sanction of the ‘were themrelves by malady, ‘and law on which they found great hopes; but msy we nv '@ ander its crushing weight. One step, | fear that the constraint exercised upon the Quem wili has been made in advatce—the qaacks | Yeeken the moral authority of the ew? Signor Madoz ave'beca pus dewh on. the side; tue pro: | soon learn, Berhape, tt he has frightened. and nent away from the national perty thor > aren 4 By will put dowa the tals of which he is 40 greatly in waar and wine cy A. other side. inteligent and moderate policy would have encouraged o. e wg my and vo Sue mee and drawn towards him. ‘theme of congratulatory effusions in the British Louis Napoleon and Gen. Canrohbert. peo ‘The French papers are less enthasiastic am | [Paris (May 29) ‘orrenpondence of Manchester Guardian.) subject, and more foamevcrad 7 = ———— Higbee ae ag two of the General’s y ‘rensh have ¢ in command in if 8. & i cf Paris; and here is the aceount given identically by beth :—-For some time past, Canrobert a ee the vari- ~ and contradictory plane sent to him from the ‘tru! experience in the science of war than the ileries, and aj] of which he succeasively tried to are not the chief obstacle to the prazreas | follow. ‘since the establishment of the wrest to'a- of the allied armies. The geographical Fosttion, gtaph, however, and the possibility cf all but hourly goil and climate of the Crimes ure far more throsten- | communication between Paris and the camp, the tug, and may yet more destractive to Buglie1- ition bad become portable; and as the men, Frenchmen, aian and Turk than all the "umes very ol last Monday, nothing maarderous weapons drawn the arsenais of | has produced “resulta #0 mischievous as thie mis- Sebastopol. The absence of pure water under a | use of the electric telegraph.” A short time ago, Sr eh naa Seon rom neat Wontaenede er ten - twelve days since,) a Teasonable pose that ‘asians | comple attac! forwar: te meelves, and espect: natives of colder General in ~ te ely disaye ief—of which he 60 entirely disa; ron ly p- proved, that, for the time, 4 not era has already made ita re- in the | aseume’ the sibility of it, and called a amp, and the p in the end, c cil of the le Generals fa rmilat, those whom the c! Rng spared, With those To them he neal a that a iad Stings in proapect, it is bat nataral that both ceived the plan I allnde to, with most absolute should be pushing forward for some orders to put it into immediate 5 bat thas aoblevemont, It is slmest impomsible that {a a | it seemed to him to promise too little chance of sue. ee ar eee re ze more eg a po I ered he could not this time obsy without discoee, dhiret and exhaustion, Tt will, indeed, be | smineds a enerale preseat, rahe or fortunate if the plagne does not spread all over of Retileenpete ee is cies ed 8.0 aragies, and that while Felaforoemeate are gulag What mid to him, point blak, ake to out thet plan?” he “7 would, moat ¢ .” ‘Toe council br jy aud Cau- robe: t wrote tothe Emperor a much loager despat bh the ove contained in the M miteur, ia woich, after ‘what bad passed, he said he nad of courte vo choice but to reti'e from bis post, aad to recommend General Peliasier as bis sueceasor; adi ing, thes 8% the assault of Sebastocol, as it wa? projec 'd Bede mead upon bimself. Now, both the general officers I spesk to you cf, sgree in two very curioss poins: —they tay, first, that Pelisier, eo far from the hearing of the plan of for the first time from Cavr-bert, at Connsil, that verv plen bad gone out to the Orimea with ip bia , and that hie posttion with regard to Capro! was precisely the of Caurobart tight months sgo, with regard to S:. Arnaud. cond}y, they both effirm that ll the of the town, he ditions imposed pan him, commend it info mants assy, “ Em:eror altered Oanrovert’s letter to the form it bore in the Mniteur, aad he (Canrobert) learned 10 the bh so yg demsnd be was supposed to have en to his imperial master.” They aleo add, “Canrobert in stantly refueed the command offsred to him, aud tie Grano Cross of the Legioa of Honor also; saving that, like Catinat, he will bave nozbing but acoid'er’s place. How the whoie will end,” say boti these pevsors, “16 19 difficult to tell: for the moment, Can- robert hes refuerd ever: thing, thoogh it is pose bie be may, later, bs indased to accept the command of a division and the eros.” I give you this word for word, aa it was told to me. Sketch of Kertch and Yanikale. The following aco unt of Kertch and the Straite of Yariba'e, at the entran e of the Sap of Azof. ia derived from Comte Anatole de Damiinfi's Voyage dans la Russie Meridwonale et la Crimée:— Eighteen vera’s beyond Argin we foucd a wide trench, the earth of which, thrown out on the ead ery eide, cerves esa naturel rampart. Itiaof great sntiquity. This tresch, which runs from the Bisck Sea to the Sea of Azoff, and closes in the psniasma ot Kertch, bas preserved the name of the Ramoars of Aker, Is was dug as 4 last defence of the fuling kirgdom ot th» Bospporns, ® short time before the fall of tat axcient power. Akos, w ich no longer d:feméas anything, serves a5 ascbelter and an evening s‘atioa for the ssravans, which, to prote t themselves fem the wind ia tis open plain, range themselves, accondiag as it blo vs, rometimes on the east, sometimes on the west, of this Protect a eninecor. Jn sppros biog Kertoh we en‘ered a commtry cov- ered wih mounds or tamui. of the lands’ape, al} covered with coutoal era ptlo the nesghboring hills are mush of the same fi: they are covered with rocks of cora'ites, sc umu'a- ted by nature so as to form khomghaas, or tual. Nearly all the mounds have been dag epen end ex- smintd, and there is something malsnsholy in the aprearancs of disorder which they prasext, You penetrate mto Kertch (which, under the sawe of Panticapes, formed the ancient capital of the kingdom of the Bosphorus) by a wide and elegast efvect; araised pavement, footpaths of fiags, and edifices built of a stone easy to cut, and which ie no other than the porous limestone, whi: arcades, the co'umns, the balustrades, Sond ornaments of architecture, cause usto recog. ite, without hesitation oxe of our cities. Here, however, we must praise the reasonable d'mensions of the atreete, which suffice for an active cironlation porties to the wants of the place, which turns a city into a desert. The prix cipal street is cut at right augles by many without offering that widtb, out of pro: and probebly the only hotel in Kertch; yet, what an hotel it wi cation when we 3; D bad fourd it al] 8! Alas! jndge of our mertifi- nm found that the only sleeping: 6 way from Walia hia. The Hote) of the Bosphorus, kept by a family—let us say by & ‘very pretty family—of Germans, has forgotten m0- thing cf the traditions of German slowness. It was Feveral hours betore we conld ob‘ain either a fire or ® mutton chop; and as forthe witdows, whica had been removed tor ecouomy’s sake, they were quite indignant with us for msisting that they shoud be replaced immed'ately. We bad, therefore, to sleep witrout windows or beds, and were awakened at day light by the howling of the innumerable dogs by which Kertch is infeeted. Risipg by times, we visited Kertch. At the east- erm extiemity of the Orimea, at the bottom of a deep bay, where the waters of the Cimmoarian Bosphorus, or Sirait of Yanikale, join those of the Black Sea, Kertch rises, and covers a considerable extent of ground. The town stret:hes iteslf ont, in the form of a crescest, oa the north side of the ey A single point commands the whole place. Jé ia the end of & range of hills, (tamuli,) waich clo t above the town with a pill higher thao the otherr, and which then sink ravidly towards the sea, Thists the Mount Mithridates, crowned witr natural eminences, which bave so striking a resem: blance to the tumuli that it is difficult to distingnish at ecme distatce those which have bean ra‘sed by the hand of man from thoee whose oatlive has been traced by nature. This Mount Mithridates, on which wasraiced the citadel of the ancient Pantica pea, commands Kertch. A hill covered qith lay; rocks, caked the Tomb of Mithridates, forms the culminating pointof it. At the foot of the tumulus, & sock, in which is split » large cleft, a place, teler- ably like a chair, is called the Seat of the terror cf the these walle, and that this land re bas Kec by members the roble foc ta"eps which have trodden it. City of yesterday, wheve origin is Joat in antiqui City of Raseia, |d city of "the East, reunited int erme history! Kertch aud Panticapea, the city ef chokes | Mithridates and the city of the Emperor Ni Ip truth, all this history allies iteslf wonderfully with present history, One of our favorite excursions was to Ak-Bow- roun, that White Poist, in the language of the Tar- ters, who designate with this picturesque appellation all the culminating points oz the sea shore, which the Latins named promentorium, which the French name cap, after the southern idioms, and which the Feom this jorama spread before us ituated at the eouthern ex- commands at ons a Bea, the Btraits and their two the same time, the coast of blue summits of the Caucasaa English designate by the word head. Pisce a vast and austere at our feet. This cape, tremity of the bay of Kertch, view of the Black premontories, and, Asia, of which. th form the most distent objucts. The cape itself, sur: mounted by an immense tumulne, is surrounded with rounded bills, which extend as far aa Kertch, and sre mingled with the hills which command tiat city. From this elevated station we counted more than a hundred ships, ploughing the waters of the Bos. Azoff, or resting at anchor at phorus ard the Sea o! the foot of the rpacious Lazaretto, Oz Cridenn, A Kertch in the evening we found the quay crow steam which were advanciug Victory! At length all the wishes of meats the Imperial guest is on the point of ar- Already persons with strong sight had the Bopecer oa the deck of the Besvernaic Zpoee ee of the North. His Majesty received ea Kertoh, himeelf expreseing the intention te on board the veesel anti]. the sex day, Theme being come, a magica! illaminatian ‘Tah! bay, inal! its vast outline. On the promenta' AK-Bowroun they tad accumulated Ap pinit§ . bitamincus matter, woich shed a bine light on tae neighboirg shores. The whele of one streets, ita tdiflocs, ite ical mca aie with lorg lines of lob, ranning througe light, Gua ig Mg finai ‘arantine. One would here have caid that it was tine of light that of thetyuty, Masked a mene ” ay, mar a inita of tke land, and reflected fieelt tn the waters, The entire city resounded with the noise of festivity ; great European ospital could not have done better. The next morntog, at the point of day, the mni- titode was already at its post, when the Emperor Jaz ded on the ehore. The moment was noeme, and nothing could be more picturesque than that im- Menee crowd covering port and ite approc’.es. All were there, with the same heart aed mind. The Rusriaps represented authority and the pubiic officers; the Jews wore their handsomest black ro- ber; sud the Tartars, already prepacei for the win- ter, grouped themsetyes arourd, covered with their sheepskin coats. In the midst of this group you might bave seen the Greek women, with their rare beauty, ard the Russian ledies, whos. native lap- guage ft was needfal to hear to jive that you oe Sie a0 much roe fashion—ths wost wer: hies—mada one sing! e ror lande Midst of Iond acct matiore, and the Grand Duke, heir to the throne, janded with him. Immediately, carrieges, which hed been prepared beforehand, conducted the illus. trions guests to the church, where the é/ité of the society were assembled, to render thanks to Heaven. From the church the imperial cortége proceeded to the museum and the new buildings, amongst which most be mentioned a monumental ehnrch, in a beantifal Greek style, on which is inscribed, in Latin, Reddite Dei Deo, et Casaris Casari. The Emperor afterwards honored with big propence the jotaed thowe of t] Now, tae Rampart of To no other plese b>4. we found them so numerons; ard to add to the eff. ich we find again at Odersa. Such is the c'ty at ita first espect. The aad» thou- in the house was the billiard room, jast ae we itl dates. It wea there that the King of Pontus came, with a haughty eye, to contemplate his innumerable ships, 1 Romaos. You perceive siready that these traditions renew themselves; that a haro with impatient epectatore. Tue beat of the Prince Governor, and his elegant crew of rowers, quitted the shore, and approached two vemels oto the bay. this city are steamer the homage of tie autnorities of any peror had seen the whole of this ris Ing city; he plan 0a which it was intence: wrote his approbation on the margin. At the ond of a few hours, devoted suppt e , to re'urn by the same route which we hav taken, to the Empress and nu- werous court then staying wth Oount Woranzoff, amidst the debgh’a of ths amiling Aleapka, For ourselves, faithful to our project of proceed- ing to Taman, on toe other mde of the strait, we $. 0k the road‘of Yan kale, (Wanika'e,) or the New Fort, Buch ia the vame of alittle town, toleraly ancient, which commands the nsrrowe:? strait of the Crimesz Bosphorus. A far aa the Quarantine, the road traver-ed by the vehicies of the merchants Kert-b, who do no ot er business than that of the lazarette, is fine avd perfectly kept; is traverses a considerable Ruesien Villege. Te Quarantine once paseed, we find @ thousand difficulties in getting over the elippery ground, especisily if one is assailed, as we were, by continued rains. Br a descent tekes you to Yantksle. It is a smell town, pertly Oriental, partly Genoese, of w ich the Greeke of our days occapy a'most all the houses. A fort, ettuated on the north of iba town, abows essily enough, by tue ignorant frregularities of ite construction, that it is the work of tha Tarke. Some recent res’orations have again put it ia a good state; one distioguishes eapec'aily a gateway, in the pure Orien‘al style. Jarg® sqasre tower, flenbed with four swa'kr towers, which rise 960% rately, recall the sriof warin the time of the Ge- noeee. At the foot of 801s tower are two fountains, construsted by the Turks. One of these fouatains is ruined end lost; the wall is failen, the pring ie dried op; but on the other you stil: hear the mur muring of the apring, os it throwe ita waters into a Daeie of white marble. Yeai-Kaleh, on this snore of:and beaten by tre witd», hes found means to open some stops, where they sell sails, piteh, tar, boat care, and, above a}i, animmense quantity of fieh. ‘Tne kinds most sought for sre the carbo! and immenee sturgeon. 3 Taman, on the opposite aide of the strait, presents nothing very imposing on the sea-shor:; it is only a poses assemblage of huts, covered with ; Maton. Some bouses of a better sart bear witaess | uply to the residence of tre military chiefs of that iopertans militery station. t a short distance, a fortification named Phana gorie incloses within its tamparte nandsone and conveni« nt barracks. Af.er onr returm to Kertch, we determined to vi- sit Arabat, at the ex remity of that singular bed of send which rong across the Seacf Azoff. We tra velled towards by a route which may b> conridered isolated even in this desert. Oa the side of the steppe we met no other creatures than large dromedaries, which grozed here and there without any restraint. Hasteniog our journey we arrived at Arabat. The moon was risen, botin thé night we were abie t» perceive the town by the emanations of the Beighboivg sea. On the morrow we obtained the horses necewary for an excarcion on the jidche, or bexk of Ayabat, which we had determined to exa- wine, though we had not time to traverze it. Tais excursion was made with all possible iy. Na- tural history will gain some cbservations made on this eirgular tongue of sand, which is go little raised between the two seas, that one would say that a breath of wind would suffice to force the waves of the one into the otver. ‘the fortress of Arabat, taken by assault in 1763, by the troops of Prince ‘Dolgorouki, is a polygm, flanked by works resembling bastions. They are the ruins of a postern, ‘which looxed tow: the Sea of Azoff; but the principal entrazes was to the south. On the left flank of the fort extende a lias of defence, Jong enough to oppose tue pasiage to i * scinl where the Putrid Sea acquires a certain The evening edvanced, end with it famine mz- naced us, for Arabas suppiies nothing. We had brought with us irom Kertca a few provisions, and, Above ali, eome water, but all was exhausted. We therefore set out im fractions, having with great dfficnlty obtained the horses necessary for our trspeport. ‘The lest of us arrived at Theodosia a: mldnight, after havirg traversed to the steppe by moonlight, in extreme cold. Many times, the short journey, the howiings of a troop of wolves had struck our cers. These voracicus animals, at tha ap- preach of winter, quit their retreats, and come like wanc ering barbarians to sweep the steppe, and to attack the cxen of the enemy. Bat oar Tartar pee- tilion told us that \the »xen know how to defend themselves. They have — eg the dogs to defend 8 them, so that the poor of natives have no ether larder than ths refase which the sea casts on there shores. ebanges whlce sive an sopoot of pooty to travelling. anges which give an 29; poetry to ing. Yesterday a horrid country, the dismal emb.em of malediction and di! re day a pretty town, at cace Gencese, Rassian and Tartar—Theodosia, in stort, though not the smiling town which we fri left so few months go, and which then showed a6 every window the freshest and wost beautifal coun. terancer. Winter had come, and all had regained their homes. Nevertheless, we were told we shoul? find on the southern cossts of the Crimea all the delights of a lengthened autumn, peculiar to that port of the Crises, avd which permits them to stpone the gathering of the 28 to the first ‘week in October. ‘Unfortan it eprenasare winter disappointed all these hopes. ‘Ihe British Postzhaster General’s Re) Education and Letter Writing tn the United States and England. Fiom the London News, May 29.) In the United Kingdom there are 15 letsera writ- ten in the year tor every one of the ge td In the United States the number is only four, This ia extraordinary, considering the spread ot educa- tion in America as compared with this dountry, the commercial activity of our Transatlantic kins- men, snd their locomotive disposition and soeiality. The population of the United States is abort 24,000, 060, and cf the United Kingdom 27,000,000; yet ia 1854 the letters whieh paseed through the Ameri- can postoffices were 119,000,000, while the number that possed tbrough the ort offices in this cont..cy was nearly 450,000,000. London, in 1862, there were 41 letters written for every oue of the inbadi- tente, andin New York the number was only 23. The cause of this discrepancy is, no doubt, the want of postal facilities in america, Thereis no such thing as prompt and daily deliveries of letters to every house, cottage and hovel in that country such as we have in pe act aud although there are 24 000,000 peat cffices in America, and only 10,000in the United Kingdom, the former d) not afford the accommodation which the latter do on sccouut of the vast area over which they are spread; and, be aidee, they are a poor substitute for the letter car- rier aud rural povenses The population of the fol- lowing eight Ble , viz.: London, Lives |, Man: chester, Birmi Preston, gbam, Bristol, icester, and Limerick, in 1854, waa 31 millions; the postal receipts were 14 millions sterling; and the locai expendiiure was £260,000. one of the sighs Soya laces, viz., New York, Phila. delphia, Baltimore, New Orlesus, Cinoinne- ti, Si. Loute, and 20, was inthe same year 14 millions; the penal “van ng were £300,000, and the local expenditure, £80,000. ‘Thos in the eighs cities ond towns of the United King¢om the postal receipta amounted to ri bgt oH ano sterling as thers were inl tants, and the coat was about one-sixth of the re- ceipts, while in the eight American cities the pos- tal receipte did not amount to one fifth tre number of pounce sterling as there were inhabi‘ants, and the coat was nearly,one third of the receipts. The Iccal cost of working # million of letters in Eagland is £550, and in America £2,400. This difference arires from the cheapness with which letters charged an uniform ‘al rate can be worked as compared with the cf working letters charged variable postal rate. In America taere are three inlond rates, and in England there is only one. Ia 1839, befora the introduction of an uniform rate of postage in fe + £10,000; @ present £3,000, pst re thas, cue tira, " Lord Caunin rt, says, that the ‘“‘exten- tion of the wurel neon tae tase hms progress for several yearn, atd I have no doubt has sasiated materially to produce tne great increase that has tsken place in the total number of letters.” In a bree number of rural districts there have been double daily deliveries established. Postel accom- m jon now looked upon almost as essen: tial rain: and 8 good au of water. The valas of “genteel Teaidences yee districts has been much enhanced ‘8 double daily delivery of letters, as it saves the expense and trouble ot sending ‘at a distance to the chief ost-office for dsy mail letters = newapspors, tal facilities for the jJapers have leo vastly increased the number of of late ee os & nei per ves 1! . or. 5 but thiy would pot " f i j thet 3 tli il oe > é - ai ak i i ; ae a ii i ES pr jer the charge is \d. for nm: ative ys ieecign svwnnepers, sad Sd. per 1b. ed matter. soliiobes. 3 speonciftraperad newspapers, 10 per cent other B a France it per aheet other printed matter. In for newspapers avd $d. Tubed ‘price. of politic newspaper, rice ner post ce on other printed matter. In ‘Hamburg 4d. per } oz. on Reenanert, In Hanover 25 to 50 per cent on the published price of newspapers. In Naples 14. per 6 sheets on ner pers aud other inted matter. In New Graoais newspapers § Bolland thet charge ie id, per soot, and’ hd. per a t 6 |. per 4 sheet on other pristed matter. In Oldenburg it is 60 to 25 per centon the published price of news- papers, and 4d. per 2 oz. for other printed matter. In Peiu newspapers go free, and 17s. per lb. ia charged for other prmted matter. In Portugal the charge is 4d. each ior newspapers, and 4a, og. for otaer pated matter. In Sardicia it is 3d peraheet fornowe- pers and other printeo matter. [a Spain 44. per lb. ay pajere. In Sweden 30. per 14 sheet tor news- papere. Is Switzerlend 1 12d. peroz. for Swisanews- popere; 1 Gd. per oz. for foreign newspapers; $4. per 2 og, for other printed matter not sent bsyond thirty wiles, and ld. if beyond that distance. In the United States 30. per oz. for news) and other rinted matter, iactuaing books. Wartemberg it is 50 per cent on the published price of poiiti:al newspapers, 25 per cent on non-political newspa- pers, apd ye 2 oz. for other printed matter. In the United — stamped newspapers of any weight and ojher stamped printed matter not weighing above three ounses go free, aud 6d. per peund is Sis god for booka. In 1852 the gross pos tal revenue of twenty-nine of the principal countries in the world was upwerds of £10,000,000, according to the Post Office report. Reckoning, therefore, the pertege on the AB 8 8d. each, this ‘wou'd give a total of 800,000,000 le:ters as having passed through the pout offices in the above named countries. Before railways were introdu:ed, coach proprietors ofien carried mails for nothing, and even paid for the privilege of carrying them, for the mail bags were then ight, mail coaches were exempted from turcpike tolls and secured more psacengers then other coaches, on av count of the prertine Oy soqeires, for puns tuslity and safety. idea of the ravolutioa causea by railways and low tage may be gath- ered from the fact mentioned in Lord Csnning’s re- port, that twelve years ago the cxach proprietors be- ween Lancaster and lisle paid £200 a year to the Post Office for the privilege of carrying the mails twice a day between those two places, aud at the pressnt time the Post Office pays the railvay cowparies £12,000 a year for per! ng ee same seryice. As education is diffased in Cot the nomber of letters written will be enor: ly increaged. Letter writing iaa necessary of life for both rich and poor, for the circumstances of life seperate famiiies of every rack and condition. The Post Office is a thoroughly democratic institution, for it delivers tettera same attention at the hovel as at tte Prone end such 1s the cheapness of letter writing, that it oan be ret age {n by persons of every rank in the scale of wealth in the coan:ry. There is cn)y one class who cannot indulge in it— the uceducated. To tens of ‘thousands of adult Persons in this country, at the present time, the writing of a letter is an effort of great difficulty, througn defective education. When this is no longer the case, the postal revenue of the coustry will greatly increase. The Refidt of Emigean fcom the United [From the London News, May 30.) We are told that the law of reaction is of univer- el application, end trat there is no cnrrent in the fea whose influence is not to a greater or less extent counterveiled by a stream in the opposite direction. Fmigraticn from the over-crowded countries of the Olé World to the fertile and uvfiiled regions of the New scemed least likely to furnish us with a ne: example of the general theory. Hi has ind-ed recorced many instances where the by. a 1a;id and extensive migration has been replenish- ed by the overflow of soms other rave 1B Tor- ward in the tore direction. But such phenomena are mest eesentially unlike those which fa!l undor the description of reaction, and can in no sexse bo claseified therewith. Re-immigration is a new and curious illustration of the mingled ebb and flow of er fate ds (peli rag he our sone ery where gregarious industry is afoot, sesking end striving sfter more room for work, and ready at st ort notice to cross half the ere wives and little oncs, in quest ct ten or per cent better wsges. Other influences, social and political, have in recent years stimulated vast Lambers throughout all Weatern Europe to crors the coean; but from no justter has there been such a gush of popniation as m Ireland. The marvellous of the sent time. Strange, that already a counter current should now have steadily set in, and that many who but two or three years sgo bade thet native shores have already mending their condition in the laud of promise, bave returned to settle themselves once more en their native soil. When first we heard indications of this reaction we were naturally disposed to regard it as but casu- sland superficial. In every crowd of migratory ad- venturers there qill always be fouad some who join in the undertaking for no other reason than that their sseociates and kindred have resolve2 to do so, Pe a ro individually ene g of thoee qualities ofe » perseverance, relia new and untried circu: iisab) inted with the state of thin; Jound on the Piher side of the Atlantic, oa who had i uence driftea back to the old land, they had never done weil, to do as badly thare as \efore. Further inquiries, however, have led us to form a somewhat different estimate from the United ter ja in every respect well ‘es thoughtful consideration. The unisokd for re-ac. ticn may, we believe, be mainly ascribed to two causes —the over supply of labor, skilled and unskilled, which the surplus capital cf the States has been insufficient to absorb; and secondly, the growing sense of distrust and repugnance i large clagees of American citizens, /he intrusion of or; tzed multitudes possessing few, if any, ideas in har- mony with thar cwn, and avo swayed by influences little in wnisom with those to which the great commonwealth owes its being. We can readily understand how easily the firs: or second year’s overflow of willing hands shouid have found—we shou!d rather, perha; tional ei ment. @ Dew and .prosjerons county there will always be a host of things that is devirable to have done, tie execution of which is constantly deferred for want of cheap and abundant Be aaah eee ie Re in a00om| 4 of the nea fortune that has attended the fice’ detactment of emigrants reach home, and lead others to.reek their fortune likewiss in tne land of abuncance; the widening circle of sttrac- tion spreads, until at Jen; very éxpausion, the attra tion vanishes altoze The rurplus fand applicable to the employment of smn jgrant Jabor is coon over-ocoupied, whereby tne smourt which each obtains ic wag: is gradually beaten down ds the old sorrow!al minimum toat will barely sopport extatoncs; and then all who come after in search of work are doomed to dieappoixtment, and oftentines t> keen sufferin, and datrese. Who can tell how much of human life and labér has melted awey in sickness and priva- ticn in the great towns of the American repubiie, having only had strength sufficient to escape froma similar fate a fiw weeks or months before on this side of the ocean? We have but few and very rfeot statistics on the subject ; but as through ry See dorkly wo seem to diacern w fearfal macs ofhumen mirery, equalior ard degradatios, piled up in beaps in the seaboard cities of the Union— haps which cursayercilicns stateemen of the red- tape school would dignify with the offhand eplthet of “insidental a ties atiopdart npen. the exo- dus”—bnt which the just joulouly of Americaa citi- zenship too traly pola pt as gauges for patriotic & A TO ON Ne ae sink don into dependence u; » Everywhere throughout The forthern thellos ante id who, for mateo: are fount , for very a pense, , to ‘et extent, the duties: Pinch in the Southern Sta‘es are executed by the f | z 4 FE E | at e iH i & *t aE | ot i i tinguler orgontsation, Mewen. wder ie of Know Not 3 and wherever its ramifications ptevail it has arficult, if not impossible, for oman. Cathie emi i cbtai ment. land of their nativit: ; ard hence we fear we mast repare to expect the infitotion of many anact of Bas and injustice such as the riminate iene politico religious party has never failed to jn) i. Death of Mrs. samen the Jessy Lewars of: urns, Mrs. Thomson, the Jes-y Lewars of Robert Barns, died in Dumfries on Satuiday, the 26+h, at the ad- vanced age of rearly fou score years. Up toa re- cent date Mr’. Thomson enjoyed excellent health, but for some months bas been gradually 5 Persors familiar with the life of the Pe Ta- member that Jessy Leawars was on caoat inti- mate terms with Burne and his family. Her father had been Supervisor of Excise for the district, but died come years before the poet, and Mias Jessy Le- ware, during moss of the time that the voet lived in Dumfries, resided wit. Jer brother, J2ha Lewars, who was then an cffl-er of excise, and who beeame afterwards also Supervisor of the district. In the ehort interval whish took place betwixt the poet’s return fom Brow and his death, Jesay Lewars was urrem'ttiog in her attention to Mrs. Barns and the chi'dren—Mre. Burns being almost constantly oonfined to ord, as the youngeat child of the poet was born on the day of she poet’s funeral— and conveyed ‘rom ber brother’s house such cor- dials of all kinds as she supposed world be accepts: ble to the bard. after Burns’ desth, two of the Pyrye S e Lewars family for about fou moat Leware closed the like Robert Burns’.’ Jersy Lewars, some years after the poet's death, was married to Mr. Alexander Thomeon, writer in Domfries, who died in 1849, and was sa business by bis fon, Mr. A. Thomson. Mrs. Thom- on bad five sons and two Cig Shee most of whom survived their mother. Mra. » io appearance, was tall, somewhat stout, with a beaa- tiful blue eye. She was of a cheerful with a kindness spd open heartedness which endeared Ler to al); but ber warm friendsh'p for and unremit- nol ee eg. pret oa aaa @ memory oO! wars has upon and gratefol remembrance of the admirers of Robert. Barns. When in bis later days evil ato the tendency cf bis political opinions an — copdust had alienated many of his acq ie Jessy Leware, with her brother aud sister, became the more unremitting and constent in their friend~ =. ith each opportunities of judging of the poet's sentiments and character, f Sigiog of qualified, by her sirong religious opinions } mental capacity, to speak on such a it becomes interest to know that “ Jessy ATS frequently stated that there never was a man more waligned than the post, that especialy Le wes by no means ao in- temperament as he was ssid to be.” She visited his deat:-bed both by night and day, acd scorned the idea that the 4 aed a scope, “He died,” she rete the pe ofa Careieae At the post’s jeath Jee ATS PORge: a many manu- acripte and letters of the poet. Frese she gaye to Dr. well, of Dasfries, to be for: to Dr. (Sehag avatar oR, , and it was often s cause of great regret to ber t) none of them were re- turned. She possersed the M38. of “The Blueeyed Las- tion of'wild beats ie Dumphries, and s presestation mn Of y anda copy at Tomneo' ‘Wieoelian , with verses in the and writin, glasses, ferred. t0 in ** The Life of the Poet,” on which Fauely Deke isto» thousand piece! by the gure rately b-oken ixto a care- eas of @ servant who was inn hem from one house to another in @ have lived more respected aud beloved than Jessy Lewars, aud . ee oder soheis as ve en ae ee ap; rol and sent 8 long will thename of Jeuy Lowery, the affectionate and constent friend of R bert Burns, be dear admirers of Scntiands peet.—Scotsman. Commeree of France. ‘The following important official returns have just been published to the commerce and See of France during the years 1852, 1853 and 1854 :— imports in year 1854 amounted to 1,158,- 000,0001., against 1,103.000,000f in 1853, and 986,000 000f, in 1852, The of ver smountd in 1854 spre 112,600,000f Jin 186: 186: srrival of gold bas, therefore, considerably increased {Figs Sd ast three years. A movement has teken piece ip the 't of the precious metals fiom France. There been. cc: apeakirg, but lititle difference during three amounted Tas ym the export of gold, which 64 600,000f. in 1854, 29,700, in 1853, and to 42.300 000f. in 1852; ‘whereas that of sil- ver was 263,500,000f. in 1854, 229,600,000f.. 1853, and 182,000,000f. in 1852. The total amount of exports snd merchandise was 1,259,400,000f. in 1864, 1,363,200 000f. in 1853, and Japhannnes, in B 1852, Te imports, according to Teturn, con- tinued to increase in 1854, como with Fok 34 preceding year, and the exports mount of 1852, although there is a ion of 104,000,000 on 1853, Tae falling off in the export of corm is the principal item in the diminution of 1864. The swouct of corn exported in 1852 was 59,600,000f,; tn 1863, 29,900, 3 and in 1854 was only 4,000,000. ‘The export of wine Eas alao dim in- isbed from 84,800,000'. to 76,200 000F,, and 60,100,- 000f., axd that ot bes ly from 27,600, to 22,- 800,000f, in 1854, aga nst 602, 508,900 O00f. in'1852. The ¢ by. aon were 1,431,700,000f. in 1864, 1,488,700,000f. in 1853, and 1,305,200f. fa 1852, and 200,000f,, agaiost 372,600,000, and 9 Interesting tale iy eee i oe ae Paciiament con- repor! Taspectors on sgricaltaral stetisties in Eogland in 1854, From a gevers] summary it pears that gross estimated totals in the of aud Wales were as follows:—namely, numbar of atatate acres, 37,824,915, of which the fullowing pumbers were under for vatious. val 6 acres of wi 2,667,776 actos 2,782 of oats, 73,731 of rye, 218,651 of vetches, 2,267,200 of torpips, 177,163 of mengold, 12638 of 192,287 of potatoes, 10,166 of flex, 18,976 ef hops, 07 ‘8, 97.334 of other crops, and 895,969: bare fallow Isnd, mal a fd fofals andes the agricultural division, of 12,441,776. adres. at Sine inde gree sores of perma: 212,208, incon A nent pasture land, aaron ‘ocres of sheep. i walks and dowis. The number of acres in houses, gardens, road, &o., was 976,197; the namber of ‘acres in waste attached to farms, 786,658; the num- ber of acres in wood and plantations, 1,607,362; pumbér of acres in comm: ns Selonging to parishes,. 1,937,164; the number of acres in holdings of less than two acres, 459,447; and the number of asrew not accounted for, 3,814,108, The stock of all the ccuntiers jn England acd Wales, in 1854, included’ 1,050,931 horgea, 258,079 colts, 1,376,703 milch cing worklog ofen 4410s rope, Tapas eer clading working oxen, 244, 5 7 A 6,087,982 lamber 4,150,086 other sheep: 3,368,724 unt ? i 5 twine. It should be explained ven » thoxe for estimated. been received from eleven coun’ the remaining counties being impe ‘The works for the enlargement and embsllichment @ Palace of the Bl m_Patis, are now al- Most completely ter! . There are very faw Prhcely see'dences that have go uften coanged owrerr and destifa‘ion ap the Elysce. It was batlt in 1718 by the arcpiteot Molot, for the Prince de Is Tour d’Anvergte, aud ¢old some-years afterwards to Mme. de Pompadour, who, having enlarged and embellished it, rea:deg there until ner death, Log