The New York Herald Newspaper, June 16, 1855, Page 2

. Maura, May 4, 1955. tetory of Memphis—Iis Early Settlement—Ite Popula- feon, Banks, Churches and Tr ade—State Canvass— ‘The Candidates, éc. ‘ie 1684 (to be in the mode) Queen Elizabeth author- ued Bir W. Raleigh to ‘discover and oooupy such remote heathen and barbarous lands, not possessed oy Obris- ‘Man people, as te him should seem good.” Wast is sow ‘the State of Tennessee was withim that charter; but ‘Wough I may not exactly say that Tennessee has moved, 3 bas certainly seon a great many Mey days since thet time. Here, for instance, is Memphis, a city of 20,000 imbaditants, pudlishing four daily pepers, covtaining eight banks, one thestre, ten churcher, one prison, and @f ite four thousand houses only one marked ‘to let,” ‘and being financially, a5 a corporate body, two handred ellare ahead of independence at the last pay day, omit - ‘ting, Dowever, the interest on some railroal bonds whieh, being ® species of speculation, eannot yet be called dobt—sufficiently far from heathendem or bar- Dorion. ‘This city is very prosperous inevery way, ani very hhealtby—the mortality being so slight that the per eentage io a fraction, It is to a great extent the rasting place of thoee who leave New Orleans during the no season, Business goes along smoothly, and though its pace be not the slashing one of Eastern cities, itis ose ‘that will last Jonger. I say prosperous in every way, a8 imdeed it is at present, though there are some who be gim to leok forward to financial embarrassments, aod ‘whe pay that, tranquilas things have besa hituerto, ‘Bore difficulties after which New Yors is janet begin- ming to breathe freely, are just developing themarives ‘here, ang that if the present crop be not good one, « grend ‘‘smash” must be the consequense. The presen’ Sxeeeding drought makes this ho; t a forlora me. As contrast to this view, the report of the Mem- end Charleston Railroad, just sent io, congratulates direction: gto peered through these difficul ry ‘Cen satel, looks forward to g times, Whea Hh ronal finished Memphis wiil be withia three days ef York. 7? bed rs are having a war with the Aldermen about Navy Yard, whien they wish to have re-eeded 4e the genera! government, it having been ceded to the city im the absence of an appropriahon ‘The Aldermen ‘have refused to wake the cession. The two guberaato- ial cand daves are at present canvassing the state, aad the papers are withthem Of the four morning papers pubhisned here— The Eagle and Enquirer, TD the American and The 4: The Wh thr-e are in the interest of ma, mammy, woncerfal éyes to obey that filial iojanction. The ag te cirow'ation of these four dahes ts 15,000, wh+nse Sou may inter that the dwellers in and about i are a re people, Toe American and W) wames impor! are devoted to progress ani @ majority. Zhe Enquirer, which has six of the firteen t! oasand gubceribers, believes that tho United States is destiae? to‘ absorb’? Cubs, and that Mr. Gentry ought to be the mext Governor ef Tennessee. im preference to ‘‘Mr. An drew Back-coat Theocratic White-Basis Johnsen,’? Mr Gontry being. in the Enquirer’s epinion, ‘aa natarally eppesed to Jokinen at Hight to darkness, as trae patriot- Jem to falce demogogury, high principles to low soall gery. ‘Mr. Gentry in the American candidate, and is in fayor ‘ef a probibitory law; Johnson belongs to the -‘Oid Guard,” (so old that i$ seems to be rotten,) ani as for ‘the probibitory law, “‘is mot sure that be understands the question.” ‘These three papers will support ‘‘the candidate,”? and Memphis may i looked upon as a Kaow Nothing strong: old. Tne Daily Appeal in devotes to Johnson and the mews. ‘The river is at present im a goca state, but is said to ‘be failing. Aceounts from all sround the country com- Plain of the drought. Business in cotton is dull. A small ph in one of this morsing’s papers seems to indicate that the Wood-en head of your city government is appreciated here:—“‘A fille de joie wae arrested last night We are giad to see that our officers ave determined to stop this street walking.” Menus, May 6, 1865. 4 Riwer View of Memphis—The Streets of the City—Fire Alarms—Railroads in Prospect. Among the Mississippi boatmen, a look at the ‘ Bluff Gity” is a traditionally beautifal sight. ‘Thus the aiid imposes on the man;” the bslief ie evidently the allo of s former time. Viewed from above ‘‘the Island,” ‘a long way up the river, where the city, lying in an amphitheatre, is only to be seen by proxy in the shaps of half a dozen steeples, it looks well enough—yon sve wo Mttle of it. But gettipg sufficiently near to see them clearly, I can’t say that I think its lauded ‘‘biuffs” cal- ‘eulated to have any other effect than to blaff off the pro viously well inclined traveller. Aoy one who will observe ‘the current pictures ef the battie-ground at Buena Vista and imagine a few steeples and roofsover where the mountains stand, may form a tolerably clear idea of how ‘Memphis looks from the river. The same alternation o! guBlies and ridges appeors in the streets and blaffs as the strests run down to the river, with the exception that ‘the Dinffs are something more squarely cut. Bat the Sew houses that lie by the river, and the hill throagh Biterent “view is presented; aut wasever judged of ‘the city from the river, at here will owa he ie. iret, street is Main street, which rus alls) For the river, and is about three miles ia lengt! males itis lined with stores on both moes, all of looking ones, and some of them very splen: this strest, and between it and the river, is the ity, with the exception of some manu- He facturing ental wnts—car houses, mostly. ‘This street , the begins to wonder where are the 20,000 inhabiteats—for appearances indi- eate that he isin the suburbs. But he qill wander nd on, taking a very long waik, and stil be in the purbs; ard il lid, he will come to ‘the con:lusion that it isa enie ‘Mhat ever, ‘peat Utien” of wile, free space, ners, that are there ia which Carolina Toe perfume gardens is deliciour, and makes mere breath dmg eloxury. A fine feature of the city attendant on ‘the gardens is the gatherings that take place om ths @toops im the evening. White dresses show through t.v Zeosea ‘Sir doa very” plecsont, isthe wight snd sound ‘and very jt si sou: Seereet. For custom of fashion. not mach eisai lar am ancient history of New York, by ome D. Kaick- of breathing spoken of has, however, one ireets are not paved, and in dry wea- ® contiaual cloud of dust. It is quite as way ia wet weather, for the mud is knse- is no stone fit for Utkin Memeckd then berland river, and the city does not je to incur hich mae boy mistaken ecouomy. Owing to raaol ob repute. almost entirely for draw- very emall o1 generally, vat seem to ‘work and to be kept in admirabie condition. Taey sent a remarkeble contrast to the bone-rasks tha: Eithe streets of New York. There was a fire here yesterday; loss between five and six thousand dollars, Giving the alarm for « fire is » peculiar institution. A hal( dozen beds ring of all at nce, and indiscriminately. commencing at their highest mote, and in a rapid succession of abont twenty strokes i z . cs iF 4 ‘tapering down to not It’s more of Chins. men than anybody it ic is in so far as it is mistake ' fire alarm for any- Tinging else. There is no system of ringing by district. ‘an hour, looking for a fire, wi bells De. ‘and the firemen went home. - berries are an every day reality. honors are claimed Prospectively for this sity. all the projected railroads are to those ai- oy i 5, in it i E 8 have three; however, Memphis is some- off than that. fhe Memphis and Leuisville, weand Little Rock, an if ity miles, makes a s! ht con- mection between Atisatic and the Mississippi, likes -eontinuation of this runs the rosd from here to Little Reck—and a westward contiouation of that will look more like a PaciGc railroad than anything else named. ‘Then one is to run through Virginia and Pennsylvanis dheet to New Yorx. More important, probably, thea any of the numerous roads projected from this State to and through Virginie, Kentucky, &c., is one from hers to St. Lows. This is to be entirely built, to the Missour: Tine, by extensive landholders in Arkanses, tor the pur- peee directly of bringing their land into market. It will ag The arrangements are all made for its coatinuatioa an It is not looked upon as at all doubtfal. sa certainly looks like establishing the position. ‘Bwo large locomotives for the Mlesicelpp| Osntral road arrived here thre: qacbusesia © days ago. They were ‘‘made =e Bouvar, Toam., May 12, 1855. Bide Srom Somerville to pra Pap actin Ace a cultural Rules—The Town of Medon. ‘The distance from Somerville to Bolivar is twenty: even miles, but the railrond has yet to be built; and though there is s hack running, in the meantime the arrangements are not convenient ; for though the afore- aid heck runs every day, to borrow the admurable ex planation of my informant, of course it can’t ron but one way in one day—a position which I venture to say mo reangnable man would undertake to dispate; such, as nearly asmay be learned, thus far, is the genoral atate of travelling all over Tennessee, y of the large towes are only te be reached by private conveyance. The opinion prevalent here of the system of railroads of which Memphis is to be the centre, is very different from that in the ety. Tennessee iss very good State for ‘the traveller—on paper. The rice is througis portions of Fayetts and Hardeman Pounties, amd though the road is somewhat rough, ins very fine one. The bemntifully broken surface of thé country, the deep groom of the foliage amd the bril- quently gives o solemn and the country, is is cleared. They never tectural taste very bigh state. or they are ¢: You may frequea' proper position Dat you slways see it hid a: it merred The houses do pot always loox well, however; in some ipetances it is ¢ioult to tel! which is the cabim of the tor. There sre in Hardeman coupty some very growing heo; mostly o: the je. The Oaege Cherokee rose, mates # beaut ful one, but tates up too much room for the consideration of any Eastern far. mer. Had not fortune made me s Cortlandt, I’4 hedge eh nay nguily here, and the first heavy " biome, in Matsa than Singular as this msy soond to one anacquainted with the construction of the country, is appears plataly enough to the observer J nave seen fiity imatances ‘where bottoms were beautifully fertile, all abous them the uplands wers bare clay banks witbout a per ticle of vegetation. A planter remazked to me, though without observing thir, that ‘it used to be consider? that uplands ralved the best cotton, but mobody be- Nieves that pow.”” ‘The westher, for the pest three or four days, has bsen quite cold, with a strong north wind. Overeoats are veted comfortable, and beck loge A No. 1. une, but they have thore glorious grea ih.” ‘The cold is attributed to the beary sve had sbout fifteen miles above ‘The country is of course very healtby. ‘When Homer ctated that ‘‘a Hfe of wanderiogs is a life of woes,” he had probebly finished such s dioner as one gets at the “aotel”? of some cf these emell tovos. somo Of tbe meat is of a taste and appearance that would defy the appetite of an earthquake. Tnere ie always rive oa the tavle—but beyond that, if you don’t lixe rice, you ean “help [gyro tothe mustard.” Im one inttaace, however, Ihad to make @ dinner on some breat and sslad ‘The sled was some peculiar nor: of which I am suse Nobuchadnezsar nover had apy ¢x- jence. ?i-don ts a town about fourteen miles above this. It In what in Eostern parlance would be called place.” Two men, who looked lixe the lswy: doctor, were pitehing peonies in front of ti when I was there, and that was all that was going oa. BROWNSVILLE, Haywood Oo., Tenn., May 14, 1355. The Town of Brownsville—Its Situation awl Society— Public Buidings and Churches—A Western Graveyard —A Law Ofice and Politicians: — Ali the towns in Tennessee are county towns. Asa natural consequence, they are somewhat few and ra‘her far between. They ore not like angels visits. They are almost all alike, and this,—though having s population of 1,200, ia larger than the majority—is a fair sample of them all, as I have seen them. A court house, built of brick, with a ‘ green” about it, and encircled by a white railing, is the ceatral and neipal point. About this the town is built, in a aquare, each of whose four sides face the court house. Not baving much necessity to cramp themselves, tte space between the different parts of this square and the court house, is a respectably wide one, and has # plea- sant, free appearance. On this square 18 generally al- most all the business of the town, and on busy days, or times when there ia anything extra going on, this space presents quite an annimated scene—for here every one who enters town ties his horse, and comes as toa rialto, where he is sure to find who er whatever he wants. Sunburned farmers, common-place lawyers ababby shopmen, idle hotel keepers, ragged boys, and busy darkies, here ‘mingle mingle,” and go dodging about before horses, and between wheels, now lost, now seen, till they become almost as bewildering to the eye an those wheels that toy shop keepers post in their windows at holiday times, that present continual suc- cession of acute angles runnirg into one another, always appearing, and always going. Not such an appearance, pewever do there squares present on three hundred o the three hundred and sixty-five days. Toe dwelling houses and ehurches are generally down the few streets that ron off from this central point; the former, except im very race instances, are of w: nerally nest, pleasant httle pisces, with nice gardens, axd almost ‘everything that Mr. Kit Cosy “would call comfortable — except theirlocanty and the morning papers; with the latter, wood and brick have ® division, alsbough not alwa: “ravishing division.’? Rome of the churches are most unbdlessed Sagieg edifices. Bet Ihave seen two, not far from here, that think tooked more like churches than anything [ever saw before; net so mach for the edifices, woich were sisople and primitive, but for their positions. They ‘were both jar cutin the woods, where tae woods were wild, bali a dozen miles from uay town and three or four from a house, alone with the runshine and the shade— the moonlight and the morn—with noth: solemn ol1 oars about and the high clouds above, and the very air around eeemed still and . They were churches, Men mey go into those churches in the city tbat built im the same row wita bigh brick houses, from which you can ssarsely tell them, and harJiy nove the difference between going into the dwelling or tre church—go into cither with the same thoughts or feel- ings; but nothing short of Lg cast irom specimen coald are apt to consider the church, somehew, as somethin, relating to ceatb, and the graveyard slways comes with ‘wo af he ordia a " #0. ary grave yards one morning, with pret alptured monuments, Uectionste imscrip. tions, plenty of flowers, and all that, and the sams even: ing I saw a singular contrast to them both—a graveyard in the weods, though not near to either of the cnurches It seemed to be a private one; and # more desolate and melaucholy loosing spot I do not wish to see. It was in the woods, though not far from the road, and about » dozen yards sqnare, enclosed RG rough piece of snake fence, three or four rails high. Within it were eight graven, omy distioguished from the common surfave of dead Maves, from the raio, owing to their slight eleva tion, having washed them clear, aad by there being, at the head and foot of each, a litile pieoe of stone—in some places scarcely discernable—like the tragment of a fig stone ¢riven into the ground. And the apie trees that grew around and on the met 20 closely at ths top ‘that no ray of sanshine could possibly touch the earth. It was @ melancholy spot—no inscriptions, no sunshine, no flowers—nothing at al! but death—nothing yt those sad copies ‘trees, more like death then I coulén’t belp thinking of Allan Ramsay’s wish to where the dsisis would grow over his head.’’ Pacre was no one by who hnew aught of the place. I think they must have been the graves of strangers, for no man who had the choice ot another 7 would bury his re. lative there. But I am leaving the town, I have given you its general a] ordinarily, and to some degree extraordinarily. Yo day is one of tue three hundred days, and the town is not alive with visit ers, businers, or aught elee that I can discov: It is hot midday.’ A few lazy looking horses, with scarcely animation enough to brush eway the flies, are standing ‘tied ont im the ace.”? Here and there a storekeeper Jeans listle: im his doorw: at intervals some person will cross the space and disappear as the windew ledgs rises between bim and the lias of my vision—and this 16 all, except the group gathered yonder, where « shingle of very modest cimensions announces a law offiss. There, in the shade of a few locut trees, sented on the stoop, leaning sgeiost the wall, and on chairs, in every variety of position, sideways, straight, with their lege thrown over the backs, and ¢ califourchon, are about & dozen men, The gufthw that sounds out, “the load langh hows the vacant mind,” indicstes that their éiscassiona are not very weighty. A word that comes 8 up tel that they are taluing about the Know Nothiags, and a heavy man, with his hat off, is declaimiag agatant secresy. How m: s there are who dou’t like wystery'!—a name which they call everything that they don’t understand. These are all the sights here; and those ocoasionally- heard voices, wita a few notes of a flate rua up an} down, an accordeon now and then drawn once or twi and ihe rich laugh of # little darkey, are all (1 sounds. It becomes mors lively as night comes on: the houses are thrown prople walk out, andeverytning seems Gifferent; but it is still very dull. Lite here is a v ere wil- aah Phen some of the people tl ling to ackwowledge that they can scarcely “keep voul body tegether’’—a circumstance that, in msny in- stances, seems to be sufficiently evicent. . A. TrevTon, Gibson Co , Tenn., May 20, 1855. Rural Scenery—Snakes, Toads, and Porkers—Myriads of Locusts— Farming and Factories. = If there were as many streams as there are bridges, ‘West Tennessee would be a well watered country; but the bridges span diy gullies, in soms places bare and sun-baked white, amd in others green sad overgrown with plants 12st flourish best where there is leant water. Speaking of toads, snakes come up very nstarally. There are none here at all, It is doubtless attributable to the cireumstance of the farmers taraiag thelr hogs loose in the woods. A snake had better meet St. Patrick than s porker. No snake, not even his majesty witn the rattle, etands the slightest chance witha hog. By no snake, I mean “none of our North American kinis. St. Patrick didn’t have enacondas to deal with, whicd ‘was probably a good thing for his reputation. But the voice of the toad is not the oaly strange noise in the woods this reason. All day when the saa is shining you hear a ceaseless sound, something too sharp to be called a ham, and not unlike the distance-deadened noite of a saw mill. It comes from the lecusts, thet are w apptaring in myrinds. Owing to some accident of e seBHOO, they were almost entirely deatroyei at their last periodical sppearance, this is the fourteeath ve been aumerous. Ali day the sound ithout pause, for in the myriaia the ing of one is not tobe noted OF & perfeotiy distinct Jess regulerity io various inatances, the tiseue ef the wing is inter. nected by & veiny Abro, till it presenta about the same outline ag the feathered wing bird, y, where what would appear 10 be the roots ef one rw of featbera meet the pointe ‘of the next the wig is Thies Mine fern the letter W the appearance of the letter "hing strange: but, while all fee others over ibe wing 4p not differ im color from the mom- Drage, the letter that i# nearest the point and te mest Ty povcptibie when. ihe ‘wing is bald ap at « dia- obep e upata Tedes otieh the ardimery Sbres cammot be ress. tt Bi invcct ile hls apperrazes eau peselbly iB Bes a) rapes can serve. locusts pout tc inches tock mae yet— ‘ed worm’? i Gistinguisbing bime-if ‘Wheat is thought row to be outof danger. M. quite yellow, There will probably be a babar bree tm cory! year, a5, 01 perative railure season, twice bis usual quantity. The sersoa (A tobseco; the plants are sot yet ret out peas”? (more jevorably known to the dwellers in cities 0) are just uj pton ina town of Randsome awe! little business, About thirteen miles rhs the ¢ apd weeving Me. neer (made st Mattea wap, ing out aixty yarce a di dene te Wek. 3,200 vate bo Orvabui or Lowella. the! is clorh Il sole for consump' neighborboed, the ‘actory wil be looked upon as quite an stitution. are $3,000 invested im it, ot present paying twrnty-five percent. At this rate it ‘will be ered that they are o>t nnmerous cowpsratively a thing beresbouts. Miny women will spm their own cotton and weave their own ehh. om that 1 ra ing up, amone the wos the dercendant of an old Covensh’er. Her father, sitting besi¢e ber, had never see: emotive. He waa a strong Know Nothing. G. H. Our North Carolina Correspondence. Cuars. Hain, (N. C.,) Jane 7, 1855. The State University—Its Location and First Graduates —Northern and Southern Interes's—Commencement Ex- ercises—The Sermon, Declamations, and Dialectic Ad- dress. The University of North Carolina, located in the small yet beautiful viMage of Chapel Hill, is the institu- tion of the Bt: and perbapsI should do other col- legen no injustice by saying it is the institation ef the South, Organized in the year 1795, the old poplar tree is still stancing im the Campus under which the trus- tees held their first deliberations. The eollege grounds cowprice about tweive acres of high lands, filled with shade trees, native to the coil. The regolarity of an artificis) grove is thus lost, but the fall beauty of buth ia retained, ‘The first graduates were im 1798, Taking the table of watriculants as the basis of an opinion, the college seemed to move steadily on, increasing in strength an? influence, from ita organ‘zation up to 1824. For the ne» twenty-four years it seems to have passed through « variety of adverse fortunes, and the year 1848 gave it Jess matriculants than 1824. But the fosteriag care of the State, wise councils, ands full and a bighly compe tent corps of professors and tutors, with a very fall and rigid course of studies, placed the University ia @ position to command the patronage of those who would have their sons educated in instititation of the highest order. Since 1648 the number of matri- culante has more than doubled, and last year the cata- logue gives us—Seniors 55, juniors 56, sophomores 92, fresbman, 96; partial courie, 18; law students, 12, Total, 324. But there is another reason why this col- lege, and most of those in the South, are now prospering well—a reason which should make the fematical avoli- tionist of the North pause im his mad ravings against an institution of which he knows little or nothing. A few years since a large proportion of those who received a collegiate education obtained it at some Northera in. stitution; now, the number is very small, Self-reapect, self-preservation, have driven them to patronise home colleges. If those who prate co much about slavery, and deal out such anathemas upon every slaveholder who comes within the hearing of their voices, would bave half the self-respect, or would ascertain what slavery is, not from abolition books made to prejadice the pub- lic sentiment, but by actual observation and minghog with the slaveholders and the slaves, they would cease to be hostile ogainat the South on account of a domestic institution recognized and protested by our commonecon. stitution, Northern interest also demands a cessation of these hostilities, But more on this print at some future time. ‘The commencement exercises were opened on Monday night, June 4, by @ sermon before the graduating cleas, by the Rev, Benjamin M. Palmer, D. D., of Columbia, S C. Text, Jobn 6; 68, 69. ‘* Then Simon Peter answered bim, Lord, to whom shall we go? thon hast the words of eternallife. And we believe, and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God.’ “This sermon ‘was one of the very best, inevery resp:ct, that it hae been my good fortuine to Metem to, (and I have lstened to many of those who rank among the firet theologians of our country ) I Lad taken very full notes, Dut finding it imnnassdie tw'du the sermon or ite author fudticg, the reade: must be content with this passing notice. Hoye 2 ‘night, declamations from the g Seka compe- ‘or. Om Wednerday at 10 o’clock, A. M., the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies mst to listen to an address from George Davis, Enq., of Wilmington, N.C. Mr. Davis is ir small statare, modest and retiring in msnpers, and at first ie not likely to favorably impress defec' the mind of the stranger. But 10 oh they sre, are more than mede up bya well and disciplined mind, He is yet quite a young man; but he bas mace his warb, and well may his State feel proud Of such ® good and noble ton. His theme upon this occasion was, ‘The Early Times and Men of the Lower Cape Fear.’’ ’ After a brief apology that one so young— one needing inatruction—sbould be called upon depen, he proceeded to say, that the historian of the United States (Bancroft) has complained of the carelessness with which the history of North Carolina hes been writ- ten, The reproach is but too just. As colony and State not yet two censuries old, the story of her infancy 203 early progress ina sealed book to the many, and to the curious few is more imperfectly known than that of nations which flourished and decayed thousands of years go. And if this is true of the State at large, it is emi- nently a0 of that rection in which I live Fear country r has hed historian. Its public re- coris were al 8 meagre Darren; its private and fruitful sources of Listo: recerds, once ric , nave become much mutilated and impeired by the lapse of time. Its traditions are ‘ing, aud are bdried daily with our dead, as the old are away. Ih thought, therefore, that instead of sermonizi themes which were long ago thread ch, imperfect ae it be, of the carly times of lower ec Fe I shall not aspire to the dignity of history. Iaseume the humbls, but still an duty, of connecting recorded facts—of perpetuat- g traditions, and of plucking away the mosses which have gat on the tombs of some of our illustrious . epee He then went on to speak of the early settlement of Uld Town Creek, rine miles beiow Wilming- ton, by the young mother of cctomies, Massachusetts. Disasters and distress soon came upon them, but the mother heard the cries of her children and ministered to their wants, One hundred and ten years afterwards, when the Boston port bill had spread a pall of gloom diatrora over that city, the people of Cape Fear dered the generous succor of Mavsach usetts, oice the y all goods izoported contrary to the resolve of the Congress ceeds, after deduc the first cost, should be sent to ‘the poor of Boston. ey did more. They chartered a vessel, loaded her with provisions at » cost of £800, sent ber to the relief of the sufferers by the Boston port Dill, It wete weil if the gore of New Kogland would BS. their fanaticism te ponder and remember things 1@ there, This Massachusetts colony, after suffering many re verses and hardships, retafned to thelr pative oll. Other Cpe gd were made to settle the Cape Fear country, and meta similar fate. The efforte were des- cribed ed the speaker in full, and he stated as a singular fact that historians hed detailed with great precision the unsuccessfal efforts, yet not one record where, how, or by whom its permanant settlement w: flected. 89 ‘yegue has tradition become in the lapse of years, that though we hnow the macner and the mon, we now fix the time with say precision ‘tae speaker ‘then proceeded to prove that the saccessful efforts to settle the Cape Fear were put forth by Colonel Maurice Moore and his brother, Satoh ae Tag of the first Governor Moore, of South a; then followed & ver; interesting history of these efforts, ani many a tribute to the memory of the early pioneers of the Cape Fear. Many portions of this were truly eloquent, and was received with nt epplauss. In speaking of the posit of North Cerolies in the great pe od for American freedom, he said:—In the the first ‘the year 1766, the sloop-of war Dili 108, arrived in the Cape Fear, ing the stamps. Now look, what shell happen? She flosts as gatly up the river as though she came upon an errand of grass, with sails all set, amd the cross of St. George fleunting apoak, and her cannon frowning upon the revellious little town of Bravawick, as she yawns to her anchor. People of the Cape Fear, the issue is before you. ‘The paw of the lion is on your heads—the terrible lion of lead! Will you crouch aubmiasively, or redeom the honor that was ed for you? Ye spoken brave words about Tights of the people. reacts as brave? Ah! gentiemen, there were men in North Carolina in ‘tose days. chad the stamp ship crossed the bar. when Colonel Waddell was watching ber from tne snore Ho sept a messenger to Wilmington to hia friend Colonel ashe. As she rounded to her anchor, opposite the Cus- tom House at Brunswick, they appeared u, the shore, with two companies of friends ani eoman at Their backs, Howare, John Ashe | Hugh Watdall, tae lued! Consider well, beave gentlemen, the periious i ou Care Remember that armed resistance to the King’s authority is treason. In bis palace, at Wilming- ton, «Wolf of Carcliea’”’ is already chafing against 0 a; and know you not thet yonder, across the water, Epiand still keeps the Tower, the Traitor’s Gate, the seaffold and the axe! Fail well they know; ‘They have set their Irves upon the cast, Dow must stand the hazerd of the dir. By threats of violence they intimidated For the next half hour the speaker enchaine? his audi- ence with biographical, historical and traditional inci = apropos to his subject. He then closed as tol. — iw} ‘theugh loca), ite se was, by in their ‘greatwess, but only shining of a luminous history, to abow you bow rich we are all that mazes the just snd honorable pride of s people. Ths moval strength of the true and loyal gentleman has no ingredi- ent 20 powerful as avever present pride o! personal char- acter. The man who lacks it mey move without discre- dit om the plane of }ife’s ordinary 1; but he oan never ascend to mountain tops, nor feast his soul with the glorious contemslation of great temptations nobly fought avd conquered Toe unfefinadle spirit of patristivm has no element £0 ‘ulas a high and juctifiebdle 3tate Pride. The cjtizen who cennot feel it may punctaally some striking examples, not solitary y bis tithe of mint, annise and cummin, but in all Be Digher duties of’ citizenanip he wil nglect, the weightler di Til fares it with the State which can appeal to its ebildrep by no nobler te a “parrew afiection for pot where they were born.” bile rejoicing, a8 North Carolinians, that the records of the one entitle you to the most honorable pride, re member that in so doing they call upon you for the ex- ercige of the noblest patriotism. Keep ever green the memory of your illustri dead. Let them live and shine im your hearts forever; not prompting you to y bossting, but quickening every generous impulse, rtirrivg foyou the parest ambition. A rouga field of battle awaits you. Armforitnow. Make yourselves strong while yet the evil Cas ar ry not. while you stand bere upon the thresbhoid of the world, and look ing abroad see wetbing but the glad sunshine and the eS leaves, and the still waters, and hear the singing @ 3g irda, resolve to-day to be up tothe highest mark of the ty which you owe to, yourselves, to the State, to God, men, as citizens, and as enlightened Christian gentle- €} ipeaker resumed his seat amid long continued ap- G. B. K, Cuare. Hit, June 8, 1855. Address to the Historical Society—Reminiscences of Oliver Cromwell—The Alumini Association—Sopho. mores, Bibles and a Ball—Dancing and Supper. On Wednesday, at 12 o'clock, M., the Historical So- ciety was called to order by its President, Ex-Governor Manly, when a very able address was delivered by the Right Fev. Thomas Atkinson, D. v. As his theme—Oliver Cromwell—was announced, the audience seemed a little disappointed; se much having been recently written upon the life and character of that man, most felt that the selection was an unfortu- nate one for the occasion. Two centuries had elapsed since Cromwell’s death; still very litte was known in regard to him, though all he did was open to the study and acrutiny of all He belonged to an illiterate family, andit washis misfortune that his historian was his greatest enemy. If some dead men knew in what esti- mation they are beld, itis difficult to conceive how they cam be im Paradise, But Carlyle has done him jus- tice, and rescued his name from oblivion. Even his enemies now acknowledge him to have beena great map, and the science of phrenology proves it by his portrait. Though great, what enduring monument has he left to perpetaate his memory? While alive he made all obsy by force, but at hia death there ‘was no greater regard for law than at the beginning of bis zeign, The arta and sciences were not advanced; he destroyed, but could not rebuild, A mere warrior, his letters and spseches show him to have bean as gentle asawoman, The basis of his character was profound melancholy. This rendered him highly susceptible to intense religious impressions. The speaker compared him to Luther, Mahomet and Joe Smith, considering that the melanchelis temperament predominates in all of these personages, and their strong and eccentric re li- r notions were the resutt of that melancholy. He justified Cromwell's epposition to the Church of Eaglan’; his massacre of the Wild Irishmen was to scve the flow of blood. He fought for his religion and his country; Napoleon, pee pt she lig yt ener armen thts” re zeal, plaus » Born in & hothouee ot he did what he thought to be right. He eimned; yet bow few are tempted as was Cromwell! The weakaess of human na- ture, which so affiiets us all, is quite sufficient to ac- count for all the defects of his life, Toe close of bis life iacicates his purity and sincerity. This aidress wis a was written in chaste atyle, and elegantly ered. ‘The address before the Alumsi Association was deliv- qred by Ar. J. Bin bare. ee his ar 10 prove m ase are not gro wiser, and right weil aid he set thie song ‘Smeets ia was 8 labored production, and showed its author to be well verad in ancient and modern history. Mr. Bing- bem ia not whatis usually termed a greatman, but none in the South have a better repu‘stion as an in- strustor than he, His modes 0! correcting the wayward youths commitied to his charge /show him to be some- what eccentric, One young man annoyed him by crow- ing bkes cock—he put him in a large “coop,” and made him crow for tweive hours without stopping. Two others would plyy cards—he kept them in a room for 0 days, with corn bread fo eat and oold water to drink, nd compelled them to play cards all the time, without = minute for alee} Wednerday night the Sophmore competitors held forth; Dut as I did not hear them, I have notning to say oi their efforts. Thursday was the it day for You: Amtrica. The day was fine, and the large chapel filled = Soo By ba om delivered by ee jaating clase. 1 three young gentlemen received the title of A Bs new foatare is Mere intro- duced in presenting the diplomas, The president, David L, Swaip, LL.D., im behalf of the He wc ated each graduate with a beautiful copy of the ole Icome now to of the though not least, of these anvual festivities. Thursday night, the ball ia honor of the graduating class was held fo the college library room. The id hall, about forty by eighty r? ‘was trimmed with evergreens. By nine o’clock the hall was filled with the talented and beautiful of the Btate. Among the distinguished men observed upon the floor were Gen. G. Pillow, of Tennessee; Gov. Bree, Hon, Wm. A. Grabam, exGov. Morehead, and er Governors and Senators, This featival, I am told, al- ways attracts the wealthy and beautifal fadies from’ all parts of the State—at any rate they were here on this occasion. The taste, richness and beauty of the -ladies’ dresses were only equalled by the wearers—like sister virtues, each adorns and adds charms to the other. It might not be in good taste to designate any of the Jaiies by name; but I will say that the delegations from Ba! bu sigh and Wilmington were among the best, ac to our notions of beauty, dress, Xo. ine o’clock, the ‘‘viol and harp’’ broke ont in nwee' atrains, apd away went the gay throng on ‘‘the Wight fantastic toe.” Merrily and gracefully did they trip through walt and cotillon. At one o'clock supper was served. This wasa feast for the stomach’s sake, and sfter the four hours’ dancing all were pre; to do ample justice to the delicacies before them, After supper the company returned to ithe ball room denced about two hours more, and then separated, with pig Badd that the commencement exercises at Cha- pel 1 came but once a year. G. H. K, Our Arkansas Correspondence. Fort Sur, Arkansas, May 21, 1865, Discovery of the Gold Mines—Their Productiveness—Opi nion of an Old Lrapper—Companies Fitting Oui—A Day’s Work, Believing that a few lines from this post, the outside crust of civilization, might prove of some interest to your many thousand readers who wish to make their fortunes, 1 take the liberty of dropping you a few lines by way of informing you of a new diseovery of gold mines, distovered about four hundred miles northwest of this place, ® partial deseription of which you have doubtless seen before th's time in the St. Louis papors. Mr. Jesse Chisholm is here now, and I have just hai conversation with him; he is om old trapper, wel) acquainted with the region of country where the gold is said to have been discovered, and enterta'ns no doubt but that the gold mines on the Red Fork of the Arkansas are as rich as the richest minosof California. He says that the country abounds with the black sand and all other indications of a rich gold region, and particles of deen pick the mines. ‘There are sow several companies fitting ont at this place to start under the guidance of Chisholm to the newly discovered gold al; j#, armed and equipped to protect themselves from savages, a8 well as fitted out for dig, the precious dust, so that we shall very foon heat bout the richness ef the Red Fork mines, That there is gold there, and in considerable quentities, ‘those acquainted with the country do not doubt for a moment; but whether it ie found in such abundance as te enable « single hand to wash out $100 day with nothing to with bat a common wash basin, as some returned Missourians, now here laying im supplies for the mines, report, is somewhat disbeheved: but those who have been there and have the best mghtknow, have all conficence of the richness of the mines. You shall hear from me again as soon as I hear from the mines, ray in ten days or two weeks, should this communication receive favor. RALIASLE, ‘The new homestead law of Massachusetts oxempts a man’s implementa or tools from the law's cinteh. [his ia supposed to cover the libraries of lawyers and schoiara ae wellas the adzes and squares ond planes of car- pentere. Honduras— Woods for Ship Building—The India Rub- ber Tree—Labor and Wages—Gold and Other Me'ala— Price of Lands—tmigration— British Influence. An the pamphlet published by the Honduras Inter- oceanie Company will draw public attention to that country, | enclose you a few remarks on the capabilitivs and productions of the State of Hondaras, which may be interesting to your readers, and be the means of draw- ing the attention of the commermal world te this part of Central America, ‘The coast ef Honduras, on the Atlantic side, abounds with many valuable woods, the principal of which are mabegany and eedar, too well known in commerce to re- quire any descripticn; bat there are many others not so well known, which might well be worth the attention of shipbuilders, millwrighta, and other person, who require dard and durable woods, Of these the first I shall men- tion is the or tuberose, (1 give the Spanish and English name, everlasting wo.d; there are small seboo! » with solid bottoms of this wood, (as it grows to am immense size) which are known to have lasted one hundred years, and believe one ia still rupping. The chickipaste, or billy webb, which some captains of vessels who have loaded im Demerara tell me is x if not the same as the wood mouch used in England at present for shipouil ling pur- poses—is an extraordinarily hard wood and is used by the inhabitants for sugar mills. The guani- pole or lotus, is smother hard wood used for cogs mm the cylinders of the sugar mills. Both these trees grow to a large mze. The hispéra, or sopadills, s wood similar im some respects to hickory, but more durable, is used for posts in houses, lasting forever, mever rotting im the grourd, but rather petrifying; the moro, a very bard wood, is used for similer purposes ; the quebra bacha, (Anglicised break-axe) in English, iron wood— is, a8 its name implies, as hard as fron: these three last will be foun: squaring from one foot totwo. And there are a great variety of similar woods, too mume- rous to mention, which only require to be known to be in request. ‘The India rubber tree is found here im any quantity, elcse to the rivers; and any person or persons acquaint- ed with the mode of preparing the gum for macket, would easi'y realise a very handsome sam. Fuastic is abundant; large quantities of the best species of Brazil are to be found an the interior; but the rivera there are too dangerou: to admit of transportation by water, and land carriage being only possible with mules, is too ex- pensive ; but any one one understanding the method of extractirg the eye and making itinte a paste, as is done in Yueatam with the logwood, would no doubt find it extremely profitable. The whole country is covered with pitch pine, which would produce pitch, tar, turpentine and rosin to any mount; as the pine {s found near the Koga these can easily be brought to martet, the rivers when ap- proacbing the coast runniwg through large valleys with moderate force, and being perfectly navigable for 1008. in cutting mahogany, are ail sawyers; indeed all the people are good axemen, from the cireumetance that they are constantly soiteg sore the woods to make plantations ‘and corn pieces. plough being unknown here, obliges them every tvo or tnree years to cut down virgio lands, Laborers can be “4 ed on the coast for $6 or $7 a month, and in the interior much cheaper. Cattle are plentifal and cheap, and any quentity can be obtained either for working oxem or food. Indian corn, plantains, rice and frjoles (a species of bean) are what ss mostly consumed by the people, and are the ful and cheap. In addition to the woods, many very valuable balsamic trees abound, and others producing varions gums used in commerce. The writer of this is not well usinted with this description of trees, but one so acqasinted would find it worth his while to visit the country. The friar’s balsam, sangre drago (dregon's blood), an have been pointed out to ‘writer by one who u: i stood these matters, Whilst all tke world is runmmmg to Cslifornia lia in search of gold, probably as much pd much nearer home: ith the ad t, and as States; and, with the montb, any one cen find himself at home again fora small expense. At only three days’ joarcey from Omoa, (say 90 miles, ) in the valleys of Quemiston, there are many streams which bring down large quantities of gold dust. The inhabitants, who wash in the most C itive manner, viz , with a herm spooa and a cala- sh, often ob:ain from $10 to $12 a week—they use no qui and as they work on their own account, that they do not over-sxert them- fond of feasts, dances, &., deal of time Ali over the gold washing is followed as an occupation, pria- in the ¢e; of Yoro and Ulancho, and tities, for the very inefficiest means used, 34 exported from the ports of Omon Theve not the least doubt that avy enter- prising individuals, with the neseseary means acd ma- terials, would do as weil bere as in Australia or Califor- nia, at'a far less expense, Mines of silver and copper— the’ latter of whigh bas alwi more or less gold— al jayabil yieid- 60, at one time, 200,000 dollars moath;” bat wining is in @ very. primi y being no machinists bere ; even a good black- amith is a very scarce artic’e. As the ly lamd car- risge ia with mules, it is not possible to traasport ma- ebypery from the coast, and the rivers not being navi- gable fer any distance, water conveyance is out of the question. it @ company etablished to work mines, b bringing their own machinists and. blackmiths would eawily overc any Cifficulties, as iron mines abound, and are worked by the natives. Thave been assured heoedl cs gentlemen from the that coal is to be met with. Urclesred lands, and of the best quality, are abun- dant, and to be purchased at from $12 to $16 the o- bellerisa (m cal risa of land is X 1,250 wide, or two cabcilerisas are 5, coffee, the indigo Plant, and, Productions of tropisal climates, grow here exceedingly well. And in conclusion I have only to remark that the country merely requires being knows for emigrants to flock here. And here I may be. permitted to observe that the American government would ¢o well to encourage emigration to this coustry, were it only to act as a counterpoise to that ‘encroach: ing splrit which is so peculiarly the distinguishing trait of the British government, ‘which, their occupa tion of San Juan, Limehouse, on the juito shor and various other aggressions on Centra) America, would a they are determined toupbokd to the ut- most, unless the United States extend their all- powerful protection, will end hese independent States (who, by to the Americans, and to in ret — ment) to the state of British dependencies. I should observe that the climate is remarkably heslthy, and in the interior particularly so. Honduras ia ey id in about 16 éeg. north latitude, and is not so hot at the hottest period of the year as it is in Now York at the same period—coups de soleil and people dropping down from the heat, never occuring hi should observe that an: tity of the above- mentioned woods can be ob’ in the rivers of Ulus 4 Chimlicon—tbat is to say, in the woods adjacent; 1d where these abound the rivers are perfeotly navi- gable for lerge canoes, flowing through large valle: Without any falls or rapids. EL HONDURENO. ” Omoa, Hon., Feb. 26, 1855. Roule from New York to California by Omoa—Whal | Traveller Wants—Mules, Moros, Baggage and Cos— Halting Places—Hours of Starting and Balting—Mait @ vals—Trade with Caliornia, Rafe persons desirous of making a quick trip to Califor- nia from the United Stater, and withing to avoid long fea voyages, perbaps no route is so advantageous as the one from Omoa to the porta of Tigre, Real, Loja, Union and Libertad: and were it generally known, would, I am sure, be much frequented, Any one desirous of try- jng this route should embark for the British settlement © Honduras (Belize). Vessels from New York and New Orleaxs are sailing constantly fer that port. On arriv- ing at Belize, he will find coasting vessels sailing every day for Omoa; the trip is generally made in from eighteen to twenty-four hours. On arrival at Ome — the traveller bas to provide himself with three mules— say two riding mules and one baggage mule, and ‘two wozos— one should be a tight led for a servant, and the otker a muleteer. The mules can be either hired or purchased—the hire of three mules to a port on the Pa- cific would be from $60 to $70. The purchase of three mules would amount, say to $130, viz.:—$60 for the traveller's own, $40 for the servant, and $30 for the baggage mule; and these, on arrival at one’s destination, can be sold, so that probably purchasing is the cheapest, altbovgh it has its inconvenience, in cae of anything bappening to the mules on tne road. If the mules are hired, care sbould be taken to make the sgreement with the owner that he either goes himeelf or finds the mule- teer; and let it be expressly understood in the agree- ment, which should be in writing, and witnessed by the alcalde, that the traveller isin no way re:ponsivie for anything that msy happen to the mules, The mozos can be obtained for from $12 to $15 each; and if the traveller ie ignorant of the Spanish language, he will have no difficulty in floding Jads in Omoa who speak both Faglisb and Spanish. The travoiler should be p-o- vided with two trunks, which, with their contents, should mot exceed 100 Ibs, cach—if Jess the better; a Teather hide, soft, to admit of its being doubled up, which in called bere @ maiela, and water; this in enedoved & hammock, sheet, blanket an of clothes—-for the traveller will have to sleep ina ham mock a)l the road; for, be it observed, beds are only to be met with occasionally, Next, a pair of saddle bags, ‘small pot for boiling water in, in which are stowed some coffee or chocolate, » little sugar, (ne these articles can be purcbared at variens towes on the ron‘e, a rmall quantity,) a cup or two, idem plated, a knife and fork, and any other recessary. The servant carries the enadle bage, and the maleta before, although rome pre- be wil) arrive at a p! bis mules wil) be well ig | The vernight. T good zesting place, ou unsaddle yoar mole: rol, tan which nothing is more inv) , as good woutbiul of grass, you saddle uj our journey’send for ‘at day, in wi if teas wire tbere is penty of ress fer iP @ there is ple: Op ariv: Village or baciends (( ride up and ask for posada (1 may fancy, or with tb: mozos are a towns or villages you can House, which, in thie country, suppl inp, as far as lodging goes; here three or feet een for the _ vanici; and three or four poe oe for @ alcalde to a jun’ and entire possession rs besides yourself, aot oy taf and break! jay; the my'etcer takes the mules to a one, purchases Guineas grass er Ie Ag ts pg, when it can be got, which is and pight coming on, turn into your hammock as only men skep who have been ridirg all day. ‘The traveller can get aloeg at an ex; dollar and a half to dollars a day; but of ou will perceive, he must be able to put up convenience: I am not aware at which of the above Ports the California mail steam packets touch, but can be ascertained in New York. se ti There lao # considerable trade between the — of St. Miguel, which I have omitted to mention, | which is on)y five daya’ journey from OUR SAN JUAN DE NICARAGUA CORRESPONDENC | Gasrtown, May 31, 18f Greytown Rebuili—Formation of a New Governm Constitution and Officers—Cotonel Kinney, his Fr and Chances—The Indian Turile Huni—Ameri Serving Foreigners—Chamorro’s Party. | On my way to Granada I was detaine’a few days t | and thinking it may interest some of your reader hear from this place, I have the pleacure te say tl ‘Was surprised to see Greytown, annihilated tem mo: 9g0, rebuilt, hotels and stores open, and every! working on as quietly as ever. On the evening of the 24th inst. the citizens met the purpose of forming a mew government; several jects for a new constitution were presented; » commi of five appointed to report, who after some delibera presented a well drawn up constitution, which wast uranimeusly adopted. The meeting was numerous); tended by all the respectable and intelligent inhabita, everything parsed off in the most pleasant manner, | the following officers were daly elected:— j Mr. F. I. Martin, Chief Magistrate, Don Roman R and Mr. Antoine de Barruell, Associate Magistrates; | August Knipping, Clerk of the city; and Mr, Che Stanley, Marshal. ‘This trme I see that everybody aprears to be pleased, with the exception of some two or three, wh bink, have some private reasons to keep this placew | cut a government, for they are about the only omes | ‘are to see Col. Kinwey and his friends—(whata ha | man to have so many friends!)—lani here; and] amr ne of the opposition ware at the and'tt are overburdened ae j | | j | | trottin t) ria gt oie freer | g around with # protest goversimen but up tothe present he has i \ signatures, for even tow ry previous meeting, sgainst forming = se ‘are ‘well pleased with the new consti | Pate 4 = he will net come; and I must zi f a é a Hl # Es ey but I sup, out, and it is a certain fact that no white Jonize and cultivate lands I see a large number of Mosquito fog about, nelng for $1.00 pecs, 1 selling for a "0 tle soup and ateuke are below par. 2 strange here to § i E H 4 £ 3 {3 sel —h Ack uu comstitation, ciple wilh our eerie fined by Webster red % ‘thet citizens Btates accepting office ‘ taking the oath ot allegiance to the aadh of their adopted country, forfeit all claims te the rig, and of our government. From the interior 1 learn that the old Chimerre are again victorious, and within iteen miles of gud after arriving at Granade I tz, te det see Theatres and Exhibitions. Acaprwy or Mvsic.—This evening is the thetmeet datiering * Mats mate her 6a most wi iJ in Donizetti's admired oj gE es we presume the house will be crowded in ment. She will be assisted by Vea! > Signori Brignoh, Badial!, Rocoo and Coletti, in the ing characterr. N1w10’s G aRDEN.—Donizetti’s comic opera, the “Dau, = of the Regiment,” is announced for this eveni| j cers, who will appear in totbe Bowery Teh amusements, and they will close with ‘‘Masaniello.” — Borton’s TuxaTRE—The benefit of a very popu! actor, Mr. Skate, Oise raat this evening, A ni Proteam ext:avaganza, entitled ‘‘ The Young Americ Actress and the Obacure ian,” will be the mag mney! Albsrtine in six ae wy Obsnfran: e Ad ra edian. The drama nd Chanfran as De Welsh! ‘Woon’s bargin usual, a ‘BODgs, jo other ‘Wandering Minstrel,” ands “ with u very geod Tor thin evening “GB, Beak a . as Biguscd;“aod Mise Klonnor as Lusy. Besides, the will be a variety of plaintive instramen: pieces, and dancing. | shy anoobé see the Daslonque “Deby hove” ne ee) ould ree ue bow.’ peoy will lng a variety of popular melodies, ConmiwantaL Hatt —Mr. Sedgwick will ig ‘Crochets Sy the he tainments called « and Sat t place, every evening next week. berths Beat Froops wv THe Wesr.—We alarming aceon’ of the effect of the late caine. © the abouts, causing a flood + Imost unj aboga rashes through the felt for ten yea: a the sre thorougly flooded Upon Black River, in Loraine county, the very severe. Upon the West ‘bramch Shee eae and blind ing toN, B Gates, was carried a pare sc @ it dam standing. The building waa of valuable, but the beer Hanke severe to at leant five thousand . Upon the the dam which feeds Mr. saw mill A rencontre took place ‘mn Schuyler the Int inst., between Alexander Lioyé, tm whieh the former was shot