The New York Herald Newspaper, November 5, 1854, Page 6

SLAVERY IN MA" gACHUSETTS. | OUR BoSTe | man stealer, and not against the Af ican slave trad- | baye been very summarily dealt . wewhave | old reneration” was at the ve 8. African slaves were year by Mind brought | F tp & i id ft i if rotbing improper in the Gea fs told Ay Qa common throughout Christendom, long prevailed. It may be from about the same time that the pre are felling Indians 4 slaves were engaged tions in thelr churches for the redem; of their brethren, who, in their voyages New England and Old Engiand, had been ca by fiom Algiers or Sallee—wicked Mussul- mass, who treated Christians as cavalierly as the latter treated Indians and ‘‘niggers,” would have clapped the one of their barems, had she into thei with as little compunction as Barbarosea bad pro- d to transfer that ‘‘pearl of Italy,” Giulia de ten , from her husband’s palace to that of Sul- lymar. - ine i = ge 3 os ; ? tan Solyt attributed to them. In selling their Indian captives, taken in war, they acted neither better nor worse than did their African contempor 1ies, who sold their captives to white traders, by whom were taken to the West Indies, where they may have encoun- tered the Pequod, or Narraganusetts, or Wam- panoggs, disposed of by the grim gentlemen of Massachusetts, after Faring. been rem into put- ting feih in “‘the brave o'd generation.! ithe “restless adyentaorers and speculators” men- tioned by Mr. Whittier as having been driven actoes tke seas by the civil conteations of Hogland, and upon whose stoulders he seems disposed to lay the increase of slavery bere, in reality never oad an existence. The civil war began 1642, and lasted until toward the clase of 1651, when the batt'e of Worcester gave Ret ea Oa the Puritans, who held it until the reeteration In 1660, though after Cromwell’s death their power was much reuced. Of those who came here between 1642 and 1660, but few, if any, could have been royaliste. If any such came, and had shown dlspodton to meddie with the discipline of the I lace, they would wi . “The brave height of its power during the iod of the civil wars, and felt very much elated because of the brilliant victories of its bretbren in England. We may feel certain that Long Marston Moor and Naseby were as sincerely rejoiced over in Boston as in London. Some of’ the Massachusetts Puritans, in¢ecd, went back to England, for the purpose of taking part in the contest, and fought valiantly against the hoase of Stvart. After the restoration, there were avrivals here from Englend, but they were not men of the adventuring and specalating class. They were Pu- ritens, who fled from before the avenging sword of the race upon whom their bands had so heavily borne. At their head stood Goffee and Whalley, facts, ond then, because I cannot see them, declare that they do not exist. Mr. Whittier contian away. The civil ‘ove across the seas and speculators. The the people. Ha- and rigid virtues of the fathers. of the great increase of servants ne ta » he continues, prought from Rarhadoes and ions, and sold for twenty may he within the govern. | or one hundred and twenty, | ts, brought hither and std ar With Scotland, and pound ce of dignity and cler; ation of the law by the mer , Wnd supplied themselves without scraple. In- n slaves were common, and are named und inventeries, arg ge bi bag not the traffic LF pes b x Nepstater indignation ; end, wes trad Hh 1 CORRESPONDENCE. tale ot Christian slaves to the infidels that it Boston, Oct. 29, 1854. | #ought to Tt was to have the profit of Mavery Dir ».ssions— Views of (he Settlers of Mase , tae to 9 sack” tis on Stavery—Slavery Here Recognized the great increase of commerce, in the fi * 4 Low—Law Against Kidnapping—The Afri- | and sixtecuth centuries of oug ers. great eater: can Slave Trade— Opinion of Christendom Tiere. | prizes of Prince Henry of Portugal, in tse fitteent| is Share that inion—England’s | “entury, and the full effecte of which have been by on—Puritans _ Opinion—England’s no means yet fully devel ‘caused the first course Part in that Trade—Ensiavement of Indians by | of maritime discovery to be aloag that very re; the People of Massechusetts, and Their Sale in where nexroes moss abound—tie meen ° eer of tay as Dwi ‘ie, re ung oe ea tanism Grew Strong—Scotch and Irish ‘“ Ser- je of the Penineular astions have exhibited eo great wants,” Sc. | P fondness, clinging to it long after it had been openly ‘The discussions that have been bad on the subject gencnnord oy aes eer 1442, Cann Beg of slavery, particularly since the Nebraska bill was bei by Gonzales Baldeza, on Ag from @ voy: Wrought into Congress, have been characterized by | se that head undertaken by crderof Pease Beery. ‘onsiderable acrimony. Against some of the States | This was commencement wi ‘moat vehement in opposing that bil!, on the ground oon Loeee ee ie an eee ie in Afrlonn slaves. ‘that its passage would !ead to the extension of sla- | t)6 trade's increase; but I may mention, as proving ‘wery over territory now free, it kas been charged | that the English did not differ in it fom ‘Maat they were once in favor of the institution, and | other men on the subject, that, +h some of their (gave it up only on economical grounds. As Massa | puaubet —— on fers amg bea i j-slavery in ite character of Faye teen ery y beeee ~ehusetts is the most anti y be a naval power. Sir J. Hawkins carried a load of ‘all the States, so against her have charges of this | negroes to Hayti, from Guinea, in 1562. The firat ‘kind been preferred with & good deal of warmth. | Eng) ’ was mpeg ke bead Phe bas been accused of bypocrisy, and with having | VéTY year o! the Armada, And in 1631, the nex! i é . "| year after the foundation of Boston, Charles I. sanc- “maintained slavery in ber midst just so long as it | tioned the slave trade, allowing a compeny to be «paid, abolishing it only when she found that it was | formed for carrying it om under the Briuish fiag. I s losing mode of labor, and without any refe.enco | #™ not aware that the Puritans, who hated him so side tions. How far these | profoundly, ever brought it up against him that he ‘whatever to moral considerations, How far these given.so deliberate an approval of the traffic in allegations are sustained by facts will appear from | negroes, as they certainly would p done bad he ‘as brief an accountof the course of thig State on | pie 9 their feelings by tha’ act. They boasted the subject of atavery as the importance thereof will | Stat they did notdo thelr Hotei e pi izot they admit of beiug made. That Massachusetts is not | slavery” conduct—a preséy, proof that they guiltless altogether, of what ber public opiaion now | cared nothing abont it. pronounces to be an error, as well from moral as i:ven Mr. Wh'ttier is forced to admit that slavery i! hat. f {nteiligent men bad something of an existence here at a not very re- €eonomical views, is w oy 8! “3 | mote date from the foundation of the colony. “It ‘would care to deny. That she bes ever been dis- | was Dab, be sams Mariano ber northein yin Winguisked for the support of slavery is what no | ter, nor the unkindly soil of Massachusetts, which inte'ligent man would care to afficm. What might | Jitcoureged pe get ato of slavery in the first Schade ‘heen haif century o! er existence as a colony. It was ave been her conduct had her c! the Puritan's recognition of the brotherhood of man éiff-rcnt is quite beside the question. It is, | in vat tara — ten ae eink ete 3 am ready to admit, very possisle that | #wful responsibilities and € ies am i bity—his hatred of wrepg and tyranny, and his Mlavery would bave been established he: La had st:rn sepee of justice, which Jed hin toi upon Providence given us the Italian skies of Virgi- | the African slave trader the terrible penalty of the Bia. But as we bave a climate that is not favor | Mossic rode.” This ie a total misstatement of the able to the cuitivgtion of particalar articles, and as Menerd Sint WEEE DAE oe ee he a slavery is not in existence here now, we mast a!low through the force of SA ‘imagination, nor did the *his particular branch of the subject to go with that | ‘ impose upon t'e African slave trader the terrible histo:ical coY'ection of what haa been called the | pepalty of the Moeaic code.” It was against the most interesting of eventa—eventa that never hap- er, that that penalty was provided. pened, but which might have happened. | seen, the fundamental laws of the colony actually The settlers of Massachusetts shared to some ex- | ae tare teeta Ke nevety aad Cheratere tent, we may suppose, in the general sentiment of ag, ¥ aang p'/ iP teattio ie @hrisiendom, which held it lawfal and proper to | TeBs,8# ihe very same laws did in just so many make slaves of persons who were not. Christians. | into the colony; and I bave nov been able to find one Phe right to hold Christians in bondsge bad long inet Alpert le! oe pat Ie eee foe been denied, and was on all sides regarded asa sin. | dade the “ter. ible nalty” ever been im) 7 Negroes and Indians, not being Christians, were mn African slave traders, But Ihave found plen:y lawfal prey, and it was on this view of the matter | of page 3g of the hip at niyo eine a Fe % "i witches, the scourging of crimina's, the banismen' — meres apa. begeiaeee ea of “bias | oF people for conscience fake, the selling of Indi:ns mankind”’-—was establissed ia the Spanish Ameri- | in‘o the most horrible forms of slavery, and the pur an colonies. «The founders of this State were not | chase of white slaves for their own use, under the | much different from their cotemporaries in any | rer iptrrtianeri dn Dad sp roar eee | ae tem cepa hey hokey ac peg to sa tle as Mr. Whittier himself, but I cannot recon es munities is at war with | ‘common sense and the facts of history. So are the statements that are so often made of their abstras: abberrence to slavery and the slave trade. Slavery existed in the territory of Massachusetts previous 0 the settlement of Boston, and, accordiag to one authority, there was slave breeding a3 well as stave- holding here. The opinion-is expressed that sinves were carly introduced into New Eogland from Bar- badoes. The famous “ Body of Liberties” was | *) adopted in Massachusetts at the close of 1641; and | ic by one of its articles it is provided that “ there sha | mever be any bond slavery, villeinage nor captivity | gmong vs, unless it be lawful captives takeo in just wars, and such stravgers as williogly | ‘' th Beil themeelves or are sold unto us, and these | Plead lis Majette a shail bave all the liberties and Christian nsages | 7 apeipveg ieee ah which the law of God, established in Israel, | atest Bequirer. This exempts none from servitude who | shall be judged thereto by authority.” Mr. Whi* 07 tir, a clever mam and ao abolisionist, ears to | al Jook with complacency upon thie article; but Mc, | Hildyeth, also a clever man, and a free soiler, say. Bhat it gave “ express sanction to the slave trade, and the practice of holding negroes and Indians in enaee bondage, anticipating by many years any- jing of the sort to be found in the statutes of Vir- givia cr Maryland.” Mr. Hildreth is equally plain ken and caustic on another pojat, coucsrniag whieh there bas been 9 grea’ deal of “ jibilant ova ‘tory " expenced. “A transactioo iu which (Ri b- ard) Saltonstall was concerned,” he says, “has magnified by to) precipitate an admiration into @ protest oa the part of Massachnsetts agti ptge ; z | the African slave trade. So far, however, from avy | , This rither lengthy quotation is important, both | gach protest being made, at the very birts of t e | for its truth and its errors. Tre attempt of its ami- fo-eign commerce of Ne# Dogland the African slave | #ble author to represent the Puritans as peculiarly trade became a regular busicese. Toe shins which | hoetile to slavery rendered it neccesary for him to took the cargoes of staves and fish to Miiciva and | bow that the Poritanizal spirit bad greatly died out the Causries were accustomed t> in Massachusetts, even in about thirty years from of Gnivea ' to trade for neg the foundstion of Boston, when he found that slave- rally to Barbadees cr holding bad beceme quite commen in the colony. West ludies, t. 4 a home | Vo the facts warrant bis view of the snbject. Most | Pelee tal rates toe ced Me | decidealy they co not. On this point, namely, that | ng vegrocs in the regniar coir-e of | tanism was weaker in 1664 than is was in 1639, ucder funcam-nis) liw of. te two years in which Joseiyn’s visits were made ehu<e:ts, already quoted, woaid have bsen p+ ~1 om content to quote one great authority t, fa Boston adip joined with sous | gainst another—Mr, Hawthorn against hit. pps Dae nied the coast, ne on pretense of | Whittier Tne former gentleman is the best | some quarre! with the natives, landed a‘nurderer,’— | l'vi 4 authority on all mattes pertaining to | the expressive name of a sm1'l pisce “of cannon,—. | £° colovial times, I donbt, indesd, if there | attacked a negro villsge on Sanday, ki‘led many of | ¢) ' lived & san who more completely nn- &he ivbabitants, aud made a few prisozer:, tro of | “"? d those tines than the anthor of the “Szarlet | whom fell to.the share of the Bostua ship. ‘Ia tae | }:te:;"" ond his opinion is flatly in the face of that weourse of a law suit between the mister, mate, and | © urbesitatingly put forward by Mr. Whittier. Tae owners, all this story came out, and Saltoaseall, woo | forr ders of the colony he considers to have been far gatas ove of the magis'rates, thereupon presented a | !¢S Purianical than their suoressors. “Their im- petition to the court, in which he caarged the mister | Mediate posterity,” he says, “the gexeration next and mate with a threefold offence—marder, mi-| 10 the early emigrants, wore tle blackest stealing, and Sabbath breaking; the fist two capi. | *hade of Puritanism, and so darkened the national tel by the fundamental laws of Massachusetts, and | Viev)+ with it, tna’ ali toe subsequent yeara have all of them ‘capital by the law of God.” Toe ma Mead to clear up.” This generation of mica gistrates doub‘ed their authority t> punish crimes 8 existed at the very time when, according committed on the coast of Africa; but they ordered | 10 Mr. Whittier, the feeting against slavery had here | fhe negroes to be sent back, as having been prognred | ‘“eclined, and when “magistrates and ‘gymen | not honestly by purchase, but uslairfally by kidasp- wirked at the violation of tae law by the mere-nar, Ping.” It }s not in proof that tue two negross ever | traders, and suoplied themselves withcut scraple” ‘were sent ‘back. The sober account given by M-. | with slaves. Who were the magistrates? Tay Hildeth is very different fiom those which are to be | were te eréme de fa créme of Pari‘anism—the men Jound in writers of less kaowledge and reflection. | sh» wore the “blackess shade” of 1%, maie vieible. ‘Mr. Whittier’s talk about the early attempts to ia | Who were the clergy? They were the priests of the ‘froduos slavery into New England being ‘opposed | !and; end priests, when sincere~-and ro one dou ts Dy severe laws, and by that strong popular reatiment | ‘he ity of the men referred to—are always im favor of } uman liber:y woich cdaracterized the | mor’ fspstical than the most ignorant aod deluded @brintian radicals who laid toe foundations of the | of teir foliowers. If Mr. Whittier be right, these eolonies,” is all moonshine. The aftsir occarced ia | Same Puritarical tcac.ers and rulers were # band of 1646; and three years later a lay was passed hore. | hypocrites, wio, for their conveuiencs, vbolated the oyrrey | man-stealiag with death; bat how absurd | ‘aw and disregarded their avowed principles, ia or- infer, from the passage of such alaw, that is was | certo bave the privilege of owning slaves, which brou cbt for yard as a consequence of the anti-slavery | Was at that period “repa ded as an evidesce of dig- sentiment of the colony, when we know taat in tue | nity apd respe.tadility.” Truly, according to this “Body of Liberties,” or con:titation, as we may cali | picture of bim, the Puritan must have been # very Ht, of Massachusetts, the uol iing of slaves was re | poor creature. But 1 much question the a-suracy ognized, ani tre rights of tlavebolders guatantied! | vf the plctwe; ard, litve as 1 Jike slavery, [ wonld ‘Th~e is neither sense nor honesty in striving totia: | such retber look upoo our ar cestors as having been Distorical facts to the snpprt of an uafsadded they | bonest slaveholders, sctihg in accordance with th> ry. Themen of Maesachusets, we may 82p99e, | s¢reral opinion of thair age, than as nyoocritical without doing them any injustice, agreed with thes] ‘naves, who could buy and sel I: dians aad negro: rest of Ubristevdom in the view that was held | “hile believing sucn conduc’ to be a deadly wroag. of the right of Ciristiass to ens'ave Pagens. But there are other facta which make sill more As the Hellenes considered that vhey hil a | strovgly agaiust the view put forward by Mr. Vait- wight, from -their inherent superiority, to | ‘ler. Lailude tothe treatment of may of their enslave a)l other races—deriving slavery “ from ths | Iovion captives by the Puritans of Massicau- Jaws of nature, aud the permavent diversities in the | setts, beth those of ‘the brave old generaton” ra.es of m:n”—so did the Christians of afew centu | that rettied the colony, and their su cessor. ries ago, believe that all ‘ infidels” were given uy | [n 1637, ovly seven years after the fonudation to true believers, to be done with as the lattershonld | of B ston, “the brive old yeceration” signal Geem best, the only check on their procesdings | ‘zed its bravery by drstroying the Pequod Nw being @ lack of pawer. Toe trade in negroes fo | ico, pretty much afcer the fashion that alevee is older than history, and was regularly taken | ‘he Israelites disposed cf the people of Canaan. ‘up by Christians when the more enterprising races | Many pri were takes. How ware they dis- bad started their overboard. We fiad ne | posed of? The women and children were sold into groes mentioned as being slaves {n very old write slavery bere, and the grown up males were sent to ‘and ehowing that their color , the West Iodia mark , and there disposed of; 89 ‘Waloe, or importance, The élave | that the “ brave old gezeratisn” not only allowed rade,” eaya the learned Heeven, “is as oli in slavery, but they deait regu'arly in slaves them Africa as history reaches back. Among the ruliay | selve! Toey went back to ficst principles with a maticns on the northwest—the Ezyptians, Cyrenians | vengeance, it being well understood that among the and Carthagenians—slavery was not only estad | earliest causes of slavery was the capture of men in I Mashed, but they i whole armies of slaves for | war, vhose lives weze soared only that they might home vee, Py , at least by the latter, to be | be sold as slaves. T; ‘aritans had got no further shipped of to foreign ma-kets. These wretshed | than this ancient “reform,” fall three thousand iy érawn from the interior, whore | years after ithed been adopted by the Pagaa worl i. 4 Th the qrest Indian war of 1675-6-—-King Philip's war—which was carried on in the most ferocious api- rit, such of the fadian captives as were not mu:- dered in cold blood were sold ss s'aves, syme at wowe, and others in the West Indie Indians thus treated bad fallen ini the shites under circumstames that for ib'y illns- trate she meannesa and inhumanity of the latter. They aad been induced ¢) assemble at Dover to arrange éerms of peace, when they were all seized by the whites. Some two hundred of them wer sent to Boston an “ fugitives” from Massachusetts, where auch of their number as were not mercifully banged were sent to the West Indies and sold for Commerce in men, plentation rlaves. One of the most affecting inci- was common with the Venstiaos, | dents of the war was the disp sition that was made eee by the church. Tae ha | of Philip's sou, @ boy who had been captured by of, in having ran- | Church, a famous [ndiin fighter of those times. m to net mw od There was some differene of opinicn abogt the dix legisla 3 just as much carcied on agit is at male and fomale slaves ware eren xary, aot only among the above-men- even in Greece and staly; aad this traffic was on this azconst maby oedoy add had, even thus fate to be dragged into distant yoke of bonduge. Modera what the anvisct saw flor perfestion. The Afcicans blacks, and 90 had a double tre fetters. The Venstians, everything that eonld of, traded large Teings. m, {| i i int Hi . : ie if BS Aut in some of the Paritans that they were for putting itas@ duty to shut my eyes to well established | poral of the child, aad it has peen @vcounted crus! : oe rae al Lim to death. Qrngl puch ¢ procoeding wogld have | gestgprticp last yeas, the regicides, whom the Puritans, in obedience to the ‘higher law,” would not give up to their ene mies, to be insulted and tortured, aod butchered. Were euch men likely to aid in establishing slaver here, if indeed it were a thing so abhorrew! to Pari- taniem? Certainly not. It is wrong to soy that the | Puritan sentiment—anti-slavers—was overborne by | an intrusive sentiment, when we recoilect how prompt the Puritans were in“¢esling with anti- nomaog, Quakers and others, whose views hap- pened to run cc unter to their ideas of the fitness of hings. The theocratic government endared in Massa n took the place of | chusetts Jong after it had been aboliched in terms, Wve not surprised to find that Josselyn, in his | #2@ would have eufiiced, ia the time that Mr. Whit- Sngland, some twenty-iive years | tier refers to, to have bad the slave trader hewn to pieces as if he bad been another Agog, or stoned like Actiap, if there had been a puritanical anti- slavery sentiment in existence. It may not be use- legato add, that Governor Bradstreet himeelf was of the cle orginal Paritans who had taken part in fourding the colony. . The Scots and Irish mentioned by Bradstreet were victims of the great civil war. Both parties were guilty of the cruelty of ceiling prisoners, in the wars of the Stuart times, and down even s0 late as 1745— ‘46. Macauley’s el@nent account bas made us ail familiar with the treatment of many of Monmouth’s followers, in 1665. Tne word slave, however, docs pot express the condition of t¥ese unfortunate peo- ue They were simply transported political con victs. To my rext, I ehsli bring the subject down to the abc lition of slavery bere. The correspondence be teen Dr. Adems and Mr. Wise haa given t> it a Lew interest. Argoma, Bosron, Noy. 3, 1854. General Wilson's Offer to Withdruw—Mr. Gard ner’s Boldness—The Whigs Down upon Him-- A Whig Proposition to indict the Whole, Know Nithing Order—Mr. Banks’ Prospeets—Whig Nominations, §c. Matters are coming to a head here very fast. Yesterdsy, the republican State Committee hai be- ‘ore them a letter from Gen. Wilson, formally with- drawing himself from the position of the republican party’s nominee for Governor. In this letter, the Genera’ positively denies having mads any arrange- ment with Mr. Gardner; but whether he did so or mind that he and Mr. Ga-dacr thoroughly under. stand one another, This idea is espesia ly dominant in the free soil mind, and the opinion has been ex: preesed in very intelligent quarters, that the vote cast for Ger. Wilson wil!.not be so great by on2 hal! as that which he wou'd have received had ha never attended the Know Nothing State Convention. He has overcore the mat:er; for the opinion expressed by the Yate Mr. Jonas Chazz'ewit, tha: a man can’t do too much for himself, is to be taken with some grains of allowance, or should be regarded from the tame point of view that its lamented utterer gave it. The-Republican Committee declined to accept of the General’s withdrawal, but many believe that he will withdraw in some other way, and will not subjec' hinisel’ to the humiliation of — receiviny tot a small vote, after havirg bee” buoyed up by great and not anfoundea hopes of schieving eome striking success. What renders, or will render, his failure th» more painful, is the extreme satisfaction that it will afford the whigs, who have always pursued Gen. Wil ten with the greatest rancor. He wil! he like the dying Douglas in the old bal!lad— Earl Perey sees my fall | * Mr. Gardzer is suppoxed to have “made a tea strike ” by bis letters, not so much from the stati meite they contain as from the boldcess of their one. ‘the people iike courage; and certainly Mr. Gordper has exbibited it. His manliners of expres ien contrasts ncbly with the mousing cowardice hat forms the Jeading trait in the characters of most of our public men, who cennet write the plainest repiy to the plairest question without taking a month's thne to “think itover.” It is something iw to betold a public man stating his views in the moet open end unequivocal manner, and not after the éty le of the skipper of the Lovely Clara—Jonn Bonsby. that was. The people are weary of politi cal snesks, and they hail the appearaace on the poritical stage of @ man who does not act as if he lebeved them to be commer in abo2 equal pro- pertione, cf knayes and fools. Many a one who beard of Mr. Gardner's nomination with regret, is one: that. he was put up, and will vote for :im. ‘The whigs of the (very) old echool are inn! to show their teeth at i Gardner—auch feethe mean, as time has left them—and very raged, jag- ged'old stamps they are, and not quite equal to those which one sees in a white shark, though in other respects the whig animal is peteinay ahark- is?. The independent which Mc. Gardaer bas assumed, and which shows that be is not to be made en ixstroment for the maintenance of fogy- gered the old whig mansgers, who will not hear of any man thinking for humself who has on.e acted with them, as if all freedom of expres sion or action had been given op by men, through the mere fact of their hav.ng v: the whiz ti ket. Sneere, insinuations and harsh attacks are the whig order of the dsy against Mr. Gardner, anu all be- canee he bas the audacity to accept the nomina tion for Governor of @ it may turn out to be as numerous as the whig party itself. Although men are centible of the injustice which is done to Mr. Gardner, they do not ane. regret tae oc currenee of things that m to separate that gentleman from and go far to prevent a coalition between the fothings and the whige at the polle, cn the question of choosing Senstors and Representatives. feared that these ‘ It was at one time bd om parties mi 80 far of impoasibilities. they are noy teling Most y le ably neve! heard e peo, 01 r all reference to it ceased with the excitement called it into being. Those who reyes Age Bi ite Bg: fhe , Or have done so bad they been in tion to bave entitled them to epeak. tle strange that we never were treated to lectures on the wickedcess of the Know Nothings in ‘geared the law, until it was found that they would not al- low themeelves to be made use oP the very oldest class of the old whigs. They mi; have gone on swearing like so many witnesees in a liquor if they hid only been loyal to whiggery; but ing exhibited evidences independen:e, the wickedness of their conduct became immediately apparent. Oor oble Attorney Generv] vill hardly proceed against whole party on the eviderce that has thus far been adduced in support of their depravity in swearing. The smount of crimes that the Know Notaings have caused the other parties to he guilty of, ought to be cariied to the credit of the former. The whigs of the Fifth district have put up Mr. Apvletop Congress, in spite of his refusal to eerve. The whig convention in the Third district meets to-day, and Charles Francis Adams ia talked of, with several others, for the nomination. The only c) ion to him, in the minds of the whig leaders, is, that if they sbould once put bim In Con: gress they would never he able to get him out. Old jobn ‘Q. Adams was elected for eighteen years, seventeen of which he cerved, ani he ought to hy lived long. eng i to eerve out his last term, which be might have dove as well as not. Mr. Banks's prospects, after fluctuating for a fort- night, as if they were fancy stocks, seem to have settled down tothe steady point in his fayor. The incopgiuous character of iaipoe ae tas heen of do more yet. Mr. of Mr. 4 has othingham has had the sense to withdraw from tbe contest, and the hunkers were left as abandoned as poor Ariadne on the Maxian strand. They came together on Wednesday last, in Boston, but could find ndbody that would consent toke thelr candidate, whereupon they adjourned, sipg'ng the evening hymn, and as melancholy as alot f German students fu)l of the sorrows of parting aud of lager bier. Bacchus & Co. didn’t come and con- tole them ag they did Ariadne aforesaid, which was cruel in the vine god and his crew, for they never had more sincere worshippers than the lupkers. It may be doubted if the temperance men themselves are more devoted to their eervice; but bens faa sel. liquor, having too much sense to rink it. The town nominations are beginning to attract attention. The whole weight of the battle will be on the sepresextative elections, as the House is the not, the idea has complete possession of the public | governing power of the State. The Know Notbirgs hold a convention today in the Seventh district, Mr. Whiting having really withdrawn. ALGOMA. AFFAIRS IN Our Havana Correspondence. Havaya, Oct, 25, 1854. General Concha— Accident to the Isabel— Erection of Poor Houses fur Colored People—Interdiction Against the Herald Withdrawn, &§c. General Concha is begioning to ‘‘show his hand,” and, mark me, six months will not have elapsed be- fore be will be as unpopular amongst the Spaniards ag was ever the Mazquis dela Pezuela, who, I be- lieve, I omitted to inform you, departed hence with the pretty Marqueea and their children in the Cor. veo (post office) steamer Colon for Spain on the 12th inst. Onr little city was thrown quite into a feverish «xcitement yesterday morning, by the arrival here of two American schooners, whose decks were crowded with men, women and children. They proved to be the Florida and Libbie Shepherd, which had been chartered by Ca:tain Ro!lins, of the steamsbip Isabel, which trades between Charlestor ond this island, to convey the passengers and mai's of that ehip from Key West, which she reached with caly one paddle, baying broken her laboard shaft when off Cape Florida. There were seventy-one pas: sepgers in the two schooners. This accident tothe Isabel, whieh you will remember has been under repairs for some weeks past at New York, 1s much to be regretted. I hope it will not prevent her making her regular trip to arrive here on the 9th proximo. Chegres fever having thrown several of the crew ef the Falcon cn the “broad of their backs,” she was cetatned in quarantine a few hours yesterday. Her passengers were, however, forwarded to your port and New Orleans by the other stesmers of the line. ‘I met her captain yesterday afternoon crossing the Plaza de Armas. General Concha addresses “the most excellent and ivstrious Bishop” of this diocess, in this morning’s Guceta, requeating bim to cause collections to ‘aken up in the several churches, for the erection of pocr houses for colored people near this » Porto Princige, Cuba, Trinidad and Matanzas. It is also stated in this Gaceta that the surplus of the Eman: cipado fund isto be devoted to the above named purpore. The weather ia vow mt delightful. White ‘‘an- menticrables” are agreeable during the day, whilst “‘cascimete” is preterable for the morning and even ing. The interdiction reupecting the circulation of the Heraxy in thie island, appears to have been wits- diewn. The packeges which were addressed to se vere) friends of mine, were regularly delivered yes te day from the Post Office. The postage, however, barged being 12} cents each paper, renders the juxury rather an expensive one. I know of nothing farther of the slightest interest, and therefore con- clude, Pov@aEsersix. Death of Castaneda. We tranelate the following, from La Verdady of the 20th Qct., a Spanis: paper published in New Orleans :— It is not pleasing to God that we should reven; ourselves by ringing hymns of icing over le Blood, recklessly spite ever weighs heavily on our rou! ; but rometimes life is taken away, not so much by man es by God on certain solemn and then we are bound to note its significance. aed in the pulpit and the people do ot forget that and int a ie et they Dave bees taught ite inthe case of Cee he question to be decided is whether society his death. This will be denied b; tke vile satellites who define wi be denied nag who, in the Isl 'y under Te resent soci the form of —— Hee who ignore sli else ex: mission Society for its own defence may kill—this has tay il ee 8 af 22 ss those w: this \° Fe espionage, scattering its gold in oeder te ptoces a Cuban ‘i altars of insatiable voracity. vernment of Cubs # not The ite-entithesis, ite , ite substance, which deprives thich kills it in ite sapirations, by in his free thought tyne ba bas tbe righ es 5 bet Hall ite Goccede ota Geko uf HI e i cup. i Ht it xF Ht nl t i i E Hace fet Hi [ ! He f Fase 8 Fe F le hifie zee: a2 3 4 : ; a8 ¢ Hi ag E A a4 ss a .} é i i ivy ably oe Notices of New Publications. Tue Can Boy’s Srory, by the author of the “Lawer’s Story,” &c. Garrett & Co, New York. This interesting romance is likely to become exceedingly popular. Tales of the sea are slwsys read with in- terest; thoee portions of fesra firma which are de teribed in the course of the narrative possess an interest folly equal to that of the “briny deep,” vot drawn enovgh from the raw material to be found im Africa and the slave trade : there is g mine there, which will yield retarns for many a duodecimo toccme. Such descriptions as the following—of the negro chiefs at Majumba—will always be read with pleasure :— In the course of the evening several canoes filled with negroes came on board, each canoe bearing a chief. They were, generally speaking, fine, athletic looking men, with forms that would have served as models for the reulpter’s chfeel, ad i they pet entirely parts every opportunity was giving of judging of their ai- (al pericction.. They, were unmistakably negroes; Wut they liad nothing in common with the repulsiveness of the slave negro in their open countenances. They were éceply scarified across the chest and on the calves of the legr—not with the handsome, regular tattoo of the South ea islanders, but with deeply eut, gaping, black wounds, which had cicatrized, and -left frightful scars, the only érawback to their generally fine appearance. ‘The chiefs however, were distinguishable by their uncommon an unique finery, ‘which appeared to have been borrowed from the cast-off dresses of some theatrical wardrobe, and scrambled for and appropriated promisculaysly by. the wearers. ‘The garments had probably been the gifts of various slave captains and captains of men-of-war and merchant- men, who had at different periods visited the coast, and the chiefs certainly presented a motley appearance. One, for instance, who seemed to think himself of no lit- tle importance, had decked himself out in a woman's flannel petticoat, over which he wore the red jacket of a marine, while a woollen nightcap covered his head, and his feet were encased, one in a dress pump, and the other in a huge sea boot. One had a sailor’s jacket only, which he wore closely buttoned around his body, whi all the rest of his person was entirely naked. Another took pride ina pair of blue navy pantaloons with gold lace stripes, but disdaining the servile fashion of erip- pling the lifabs by wearing them in the ordinary man- ner, he wore them buttoned around his neck with the legs dangling behind, Some had nothing but vests; the garments of others were confined to a simple palr of knee-breeches—rarely, however, worn where breeches cught to be. One stalwart savage, totally naked other- wise, rejoiced in a pair of long woollen hose, drawn w sbove the knee, the feet of which having worn out, ha been cut off at'the ancles, and, oynamented with feath- (1s, wore worn about the owner’s neck, and esteemed as & most powerful {etish, upon which no evil cye of man or beast could look and yemain scatbless; but the crown- ing glory of attire wan that worn by ike celebrated King Kettle, well known in the annals of the slave trade, and notorious for his skill and cunning in diplomacy, he having for a long period managed to keep on equal good terms with-the commanders: of the English ships of war that visited the coast and the captains of the slavers, who constituted his best customers. This cunning and powerful chief, wore an old cocked lat, which he had himself gaily fringed with feathers; a Ulue dress coat, rather shabby and threadbare; but the shabbiness of which was ina great mensure atoned for by a pair of of- cers! epaulettes which he lad mounted on his shoul- ders. He had a stock about his neck, but no shirt, vei cr pantaloons, although a black silk apron was ti around his waist and hung down in front of his person, reaching nearly to his knees. He disenrded st. 4 jrobably on account of the heat of the climate; but his tet were encased in Blucher boots, considerably dilapt- “ated, ‘The ornament, however, in the possession o h he chiefly prided himself, ‘and from which he bad “erived his European appellation, was a small copper tea Lettle, polished to the utmost brightness, which was sus- pended from his shoulders by a leathern strap, and “angled egainst his posteriors as he walked. ‘The interior contained a varied and valued, if not saluable, assortment of sea shells, pieces of old iron and copper, and pebbles, which made a most confounded clatter as his majegty walked along with haughty stride, the kettle banging against shim at every step. It had been expecially blessed by the sorcerers, and was con- sidered the most powerful fetish in the country, and the source of all King Kettle’s power and influence. We are glad to see, too, that the author has not followed the example of so many modern writers in rendering vice alone attractive, and throwing a sort of ridicule upon religion. The following passage will vouch for the book :~— They sat silent for some time. At length Zuleika, raising her eyes towards her husband’s face, said : zr 5 He teld of olden times when qeaubete sent & God to His chosen people, the Jews, (a race never seen, but whom I much wish to see, out i Fi ig Ay Ed 2 prick him to the heart had With the rolon a6 ae rom “na = ° voluntary, to be an acc as well as @ pleading an. Zuleiks observed his emotion. 7 “Why this emotion, dear George,”’ said 5 know that hitherto, kind, generous, noble, iced the delights of showed me the post ein the Testament where it & that wisdom—the wisdom inculcated by Christianity often denied to the wise and given to babes. Geor old Ohio now lies bed-ridden; but he still takes deli, im the holy book. Let vs go to him together. me that you will visit him with me?” “1 will, I will,”? said Seymour, in a voice chok with vaiuly suppressed emotion.’ Zuleika arose ¢ threw her arms around her husband’s neck. 7 Hanren’s New Moxtary—The November nu ber of this periodical contains a more than us’ smount of readable and amusing matter. The ticle entitled “The Generations of Fashions,” p eats us with laughable illustrations of the modifications which have taken place in th: af, and economy of dress within the last sixty yea: frcm the Merveilleuse of 1793 down to the cray auz oreillea de licvre and the leg of mutton slee 1828. The subject, howewr, might have been plified by the addition of some ot the eccentricit of the present day. Under the head of “Wh Shall we Marry?” we have some caustic but merited strictures on that tendency to “fine iam,” if we msy so express it, which is fast conve ing American wives into dressed dolls, useful for | other earthly purpose than {dle show. The t ing will,we apprehend, describe pretty accuratey the domestic relations of nine-tenths of our Ni York Potiphar: There is one manceuvre on the part of our ladies whi we here, in the naghe of manhood, protest against, that is the ingenious one of shifting their own burdq upon the backs of their husbands. Nineteen out twenty of the once proud cavaliers of or queens} beauty are broken down into mere domestic dru ‘They do four-fifths of the family-duty—go to m select the dinner, leave the orders at the grocer’ on their way down town at the intelligence office, le word for the sweeps, go at midnight after their wives bring them home when they are sated with pleas dissipation abroad, keep house in the d while their fashionable spouses are coqui port or Saratoga, run-after the doctor hours, spend the better part of the winter La ele! in nursing t baby. If this is to continue, we mig t better trans! one of those painted, well stuffed, and elegantly dres: wax figures which revolve in Trufitt the barber’s wi dow, to our drawing room, and dispense with an A) can wife. ' The article entitled ‘““Galvanoplasty” contains a sumé of the various interesting scientific facts led to the discovery of this beautifal art. The sal joined is worth extracting Let us now turn to the galvanoplasty of nature.” TH entire globe, with its magastized ati ere, its soli continents, its internal nucleus in a state of ingueot fusion, and the electrical reactions which are its cons; quences, is, in fact, a regular electrical machine or fe having its currents directed from east to west, as cated by its action on the needle of the mariner’s com yass, which it directs north and south, ‘These curren} circulate incessantly beneath the soil, and traverse all tl materials of which the crust of the is composes pening for themselves a path whose direction, and expt cally the quantity of the fluid, depend on the state an compésition of the soil. These électric currents, hot ever weak they may be, draw off at length the metall: portions of the soil, and bear them along as far as th t obstacle they meet, or diminution of strength whic) they experience. Then they leave them, and there | formed a deposit or vein of metal. This principall, takes place in the great fissures or crevices of the noi! filled by heaped-up fragments which have fallen fror above, or by lava which has bubbled up from the inte rior nucleus. These are the veins which the miner plores by means of subterranean galleries, cat throug that portion of the ‘soil which has been impregnate with metallic substances, cither in their pure and nativ state, as gold and mereury, or in an oxydized or earth: ondition, as iron, copper, zine, &e. A beautiful experiment, first tried, I believe, by Mr Cross, shows the process clearly, You place on a pl: form a large mass of moist potter's clay, blended wit!) any species of metallic particles of gxtreme minuteness| and under the earthy form of ametallie oxide. You di vide the mass of clay in two by means of some cutting instrument, such as the blade of a large knife or of # fabre; you then bring together, until they touch, tha, two portions momentarily separated, by send.) ing an electrical current through the whole mass, there becomes formed in the cleft a metallic t, a vein in miniature, revealing to us the secret of nature's trea- sures ‘laid up in. the vant Ossuzeggr the primitive andl recondary strata, M. Becquerel has tried with electricity the argentife-, rous soils of France and of other countries, and the question of the electrical extraction of the precious | “Dear George, I have long wanted to speak to you on a subject, which, nevertheless-I have. been delicate. in approaching, because you have never mentioned it. You know that old Otho, the fisherman, who lives near the | creek, has been a favorite of mine ever since I have been here. The old man is so kind and gentle, yet #0 cheer- ful, it is delightful to be in his society. He is poor, for he is growing old and feeble, poor fellow, and can no longer procure fish for the market at Lemnos. He has enough to do to obtain support for himself. Shortly af ter you left me—the last time you went to America—i walked out with Jane to old Otho’s cottage. We found the old man seated in front of his door, with an old worn volume on his knee, which he was perusing earnestly. Otho can read, though few on the island are able to do so. He was born. and educated in Athens, and was a grown man when he came. to this island.’ ‘The volume was so large and cumbersome, the print was so small, as I could see, and the leaves in many places so soiled, that 1 felt sorry for the old man, and | said— Otho, since you are so fond of reading, I will send your some Greek ‘books from my library, the print of which is larger, and'which are bound in smaller com- pass. ‘Thy k is heavy to hold, and it mast injure your eyes to read it.’ “The old man looked up from his, book, amd sata, in is pure Greek, that Greek I bah hear hin speak, so different is it from the patois of the Islands I am accus- tomed to Rear, that when he speaks it is as though my books were talking to me in their own fine lan- he said, ‘Iam growing old very fast, and but years can remain to me; perliapé a few months will carry me to my grave, and all the time I now have toread—for Iread but slowly, my eyesight is failin fast—in all too little for the study of the book I now hold open before me! ‘ ‘ ‘But,’ I repeated, ‘I will lend you some books that you can tead more easily; and you will not so much én- jure your eyesight.’ thank you, lady,’ he continued; ‘your gentle voice is pleasiig tothe ear of the old man. It recalls to iy memory many happy recollections of days gone hy. vel your bindness; but, eam you fend me a book #0 valvable ad “7 smiled; T bethought me, ‘the book has belonged to there once dear to him, who are now no more, and it is wreng in me to smile at his simplicity—worn as the rolume ts he prizes it, highly # and I recolleeted how, when you were away, I cherished evn a faded fower that you bad plucked’ and worn. > “will send you other books, and still you can keep that volume,’ I replied. ‘You mistake me, lady,’ he answered, ‘I will speak to you. You’ are not one who will take offence i who wishes you well. I would that you would read my eM worn, battered volume, in pre- ference to the gayé new books of which you speak Read it with me, and to me, lady, and you will oblige roe more than by sending me the books you ro kindly offer—books that I have no doubt are , but which T have no time to rend.’ ‘What is the title of the book you prize #0 highly? I asked; for I could not help being impressed by the old ‘man’s earnestness. pinagltt”’ Me replied, sit ts the book of books—-it is the “My curiosity was aroused. Amongst all the books you had brought me, George, you had nover brought me a Bible. No wonder; you could not think of everything— you already bring me too much; and I never asked you for a Bible. Still, I had often read of it in other yol- umer, and I asked old Otho to let me see it; and, glancing over its pages, I promised, since his eyesight was failing, to come the next day and read it to him. George, you should Lave witnessed the smile that illumined his coun- “tenance. He took my hand :— ‘Lady,’ be sald, “I have prayed for this, and now it metal by a voltaic current, which bears it along, is com- pletely ‘solved ina scientific point of view. Jt remains, feto be considered under an economical aspect. I remem-| | ber perfectly to have seen enormous ingots, formed of| silver, drawn thus from metalliferous . "This silver: was of extreme purity. re has then he: rior: falegaper she b , according to an saanient ys. ‘allographer, her subterrancous geometry :— Natura ge lam exercet in visceribus terra.” cae Ht is not easy to conceive how so impalyable an agent as the electric current can carry ng | with it metallic particles, in order to abandon them | whenever any obstacles impede their progress. It is thus that a torrent rolis stones and sand along its chan- nel, in order to deposit them in the plain, In phy- sical experiments may be temarked numerous instances ef matter transperted by the electric current. Thi take two vessels half filled with water, and establi communication between them by a simple wetted trical wire; one of the vessels will empty its contents into the other by a mysterious process. Itness of ‘water even can thus be sent from one vase into another; and you can even cause to pass innocuously through a eubstance a body which, if not conducted by electricity, would act violently upon it. All the admirable mecha- nism of nutrition, secretion, digestion in living beings, is founded on electrical movements; and this is so cer- tain, that in animals whose nerves communicating with the stomach have been severed, digestion has been re-es- tablished by replacing the missing portions of nerve by a metallic plate or wire, which restores the lectricat | communication. It has been frequently remarked that | the power of the Great Creator is mogg vividly dis- | played in the smallest objects of nature. For those who know how to observe, what can be # more striking evi- dence of the might of a Divine directing hand than thes grand silent operations, fulfilling their end wi fort, without resistance, without shock veloping, nourishing, and preserving the while when man wishes to command thetle opposing them one against the other, fire, water, steam, hammers, and levers—a host of natural and of artificlad powers hiss, growl, and roar with a thousand inharmonious voices, ever ready to escape froin the em- pire and the sway of mere human intelligence. If you plant in the ground, at a cei stance apart, two jarge metallic plates united by a long metallic wire . stretched in the air, this wire is passed througiféby at almost continuous current. As the currents of the ter- restrial globe go from east to west, we might expect that the metailic deposits of nature would principally oceur along the chains of mountains or the fissures in the soil rupning from north to south, and which would natural- ly impede the passage of the electric currents moving + m east to west. Such is in effect the auriferous chain of the Ural, which separates Europe from Asia. It a years very probable that the same holds ith the Mountains of California and Australia; but sufficient oleervations have not yet been made to establish its cer- jainty. In ‘the galvanoplasty of nature, we ask whence come these metalx!—that native gold which the earth contains in consid jggets have been found ae more thangfour thousand pounds. speak: nothing is produced, and nothing foee the great forces of nature, mechanical, physical, chi mical, vegetable, and animal, which tire globe, ean. neither prodd gle yarticle of matter; but th move, the ‘metallic particles unite, and conden: bet ly them into a piece: through the soil, ‘of chemistry at the French mint, has of, fig old, or discovered the existence of gold in the soil surrounding Paris. Trees, shrubs, and expecially ‘the vine, take up from. the soil nutritive juices which become incorporated with their stems and bark. In burning vine branches, all the carbonic partieles r, and br Nae buta By collecting has come to . Yes, lady, read that. book for me, and then you will soon read it for yourself.’ 2 “I went, agcording to promise, and on the next day I read to him from the New Testament; from the Gospel of St. John, At first it was dull and’ incomprebeni to me, and I soon to weary of it; and when I had finished reading, and Otho asked me how I liked the words of his old, battered yolume, I told him how I felt. Then he explained to me that which was mysterious in its pages, with earnestness and fervor, and with an elo- Sernce 0 ie neve eens , that |e cae | vat was ins] men he mn I longed for the howe to pee 1 should read to him again. J went the next day, and aa) and 1 anaded Jane to go with me, Sry, Moved and more, as J ume I once LJ © come into the hut and 0 disney. toot be charmed ‘si who ‘ trifling residuum of &@ sufficient ant of these eeree Fosne: 4 yy mical processes, a quantity of appears. this yiocen , M. Sage collectod mufficient to ey four or five twenty franc pieces. We — remark ina utilitarian point of view, this beautiful ex was by no means successful. The price of fal ii cluding every thing, amonnted to upwards of one h dred feanes for each piece. Thus, the expense was five. times as great as the value. This recalls @ saying cur- rent in Spanish America: ‘ The first man who a silver mine loses his fortune; if it bea gold mine, he dies in the house.”?