The New York Herald Newspaper, October 30, 1854, Page 2

A MASS OF CORRESPONDENCE. LETTERS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE CONTINENT. A MINE OF INTERESTING MATTER. | Affairs in the United States, Canada, Mexico and South America, The Silver Mines of Mexico. IMPEDIMENTS TO EMIGRATION-—MINING OPERA- TIONS WHY MEXICO SHOULD BE ANNBXED TO THE UNITED STATES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Your correspondent “Ameri sanus” is undoubted- ly in the right as to his statements respecting the great wealth of these mines, and also as to their producing more silver than all other silver mines throughout the worli. His question is, however, easily answered as to Why emigrants from the United States, and other Countries, do not go there to work them. In the first place, no one would invest capital, or _ even his own personal industry, in a country where the government of that country not only taxes oapital and industry to its fullest capability, but in return affordy him not the slightest protection in person or property. Such is the case in Mexico, where every separate Btate or Province is under the snpreme control of a family or clique who possess political influence @nough to have one of their number, generally a tnilitary man, appointed governor by the suprone central government. Once appointed, he is responsible to no one for his acta, and exercises the most rigorous despotism. These satraps, much as they quarrel among them- | | € | can be dove until the hateful and convem, selves, perfectly agree in ong thing, and that is, in | Intenee hatred to all foreigners, particularly North Americans. The same hatred is participated in by the church; and the lazy priests and friars who do not, for obvious reasons, wish to see the existing state of things changed, unite wits the political power in instigating their flocks to the humane and Christian practises of relentless persecution, and even assassination, of those who attempt innovation or progress of any Kind in aay department of industry or commerce. That this statement is tue beyond all denial is per- fectly well known to all who have at any time re- sided in Mexioo; and for this and similar reas »ns,n0 foreigner, or very few indeed, ever gives up his Bationality to become a citizen. In the raral dis- tricts no moveable property atvall is safe from de- predation. Ifa ranchero, let tim be native or for eign, accumulates a few articles of use in husbandry, Badderly a band of nocturnal disguised marau- ders, who may be probably his neighbors, maka a descent upon it aud carry it away in a single night; and he it remembered that it is strictly proaibited in Mexico to carry arms, even for defeace. In the second place, commerce is so hampered and saddled with impos's of all kinds, that every article brought from abroad costs quadruple what it should do, and that provisions and clothing ia the mining districts are enormously dear. Fiour Bold wt Guanajuato oply the year before the last at $30 per barrel. In additioa to the nearly prohini- tory duties at the ports of entry, every little town avd villsge throughout the republic has its custom house at which all invoices have tobe certified at @.ruinous expense, which, adied to the immerse Cost of transportation in wagons or on pack mules, makes everything costly. The city of Goansjuato is one of the largest in the republic. It contains with its suburb—Marfil— nearly 50,000 inhabitants, ali of whom, or nearly all, are supported by mining. The proceas ‘need princivally is amalgamation, and the lavgest part of the quicksilver employed is trans)o.ted from the Pacific seaboard on mules, and is brought from California. A “vara,” or share, in the best of the mines io its neighborhood costs from $20,000 to 100,000. The machinery used is of tha rad:st desoripuon, and there are few scieatifis miners; still the prices of the shares show that they pay bandsonmely. if re is no doubt what that there is but a sme ortion of the min h of this couatr: Pp cConstitucing the heat of The spurs ot the Sierr: lera itself, no dou ver but also of g met and gems, particularly emerai imsg vation can bardly conceive of. ‘Th-se treasures sre lock p seonrely from all the world until the progress of liberal tdeas 4241 release them from the earth, and coavert tnam taco what ‘heir Great Aushor paced them there f medium cf prosperity to the numan race. Pais ro sult, however, can ne be ob’ained until the whe oliii al state cf Mexico is entirely changed, ani jhe preseat domivant race so changed by a la admixture of the blood of the Nortn A neri :an3 and Euo,eaus, that they will possess the full power. Large as are the prezext predacts of these miues, let t-ere be 8 railroaa from Vera Crug throagh the city of Mexivo to Guanajuato to brisg coals to the mines, a: d the products of these minds would be doubled the first year, after which it would goon at the rate cf compound interest Again, invest in the work the skill, science and craft which the Mexicans have not, nor ever will bave,extend your road to the Pacific, and silver will become as plentiful as it is now scarce in the marts of the civilized world. To do all this, however, as to develope the agri- Culural resources of Mexico, our race mast descend upon those fertile pling and into that beautifal cli- mate in sofficient numbers to overawe the miserabie mongrel Mexicans. Nor does it require euch vast numbers either. A mixture of ten per cent of Yan- kers ix ‘he present motty popuiation would be quite enough, fort is the moral force and weight which is wanting. ‘There are other reasons why the annexation of Mexico should be desired asa boon to the whole hu- man fami'y. Her vast agricultural capabilities would be largely developed. Mexican ind:go is worth more than that of the East Icdies in London always, being of far superior quality, whic is owing to the soil and climate. Again, sugar and coffee, choc)- late, cochineal an¢ a million of otuer things of tro- pical procuct, arealmost indigenous. Finer flavored coffee cannot be had from Mocha than that prodaced in or near the mining regions. Larger or better sugar cane never wis grown than that in the same region. And yet I have seen the lvzy Mexicans piyicg for foreiga growao coffee and sogar, when it Ja; negtected in taeir vary fields. I knew a heciendado intue Mano—or plain—of Leon, who bas a silver mine on his hacienda, tuto which, when he stands in eed of $590 or $1,000, he turns his peons, the sorfs of the estate, an! goes into it like going into a strong box, takes out enough to suffice for his present necessities, and leaves it until another call is made upo.. him for funds, or to pay his gambiing debts. re is no country probably in the world, not excepting even the coveted Island of Cuba, which ffers such inducem@hts to a large bojy of military emigrunts acting in cono:rt, or, aa it is the fashion sivy ak to cwil them filiousteros, a» Mexico. Andwhy? Be- | cause in no other country dvea the labor of the hys- bardman pay so well as there, andin none is the price of p.ocuce so high and the price of labor so cheap. Tn 1850-51 , when I travelled through the provinces of Durango, the State of Jalisco, and in Monetia, Indian corp, which forms the almost entire bread of poond fe tom was from $4 to $7 per busxel; beans— used universally as a dict by all—in eome instances $5 to $10 per bushel, and at the same time the ave- rage daily, wages of & iavoring man two reals—25 cents per diem. In ordinary times corn—maize—is from $3 to $4 per bushel in.the interior, and labor two reals aad one ration, or 18 cents and one ration, of beans and corn. In the cities there are few carpenters or black- Smiths, eo that their wagesare higher; but for ma- fons, who are the chief mechanics, 50 cents per day is considered liberal wages. All foreign mechanics, being more skilled than the natives, of course bave nearly the samo wages 88 in the United States. It would require more room than the ordin Bpace allowed wo correspondents of a newspaper, to detail the reasons why this beautifal country, now yee up to those who valae not God’s gifts tothen jn such unlim'ted profusion, should be quickly add- ed to the American Union, as tie only means of de- veloping its immense resources. Suffice it to say, that any expedition fitted out with the certainty of enforcing the obediece of the Mexicans themselves Would be re eived by the great macs and respectable ‘tion of the inhabitants as feliverers and friencs. uch an expedition however must ba a warlike one for obvious reasons, for the uatives themzelves would ‘eno sid until the conqnest was achieved; and en they 80 universally recognise the jority, mental and pysical, of the white race, that they would bee’ me the most obedient and subservient of subjects; for to pave them pol tically ona lovel with whites is abaurd and rid culous, and, | may say, im practicable. In 1849 they would most gladly and wil ingly have seen the American flug adopted as thei then the vbaw e was it by an absurd aod 14 will it that the dich tropics ;roductions, will add to thst re pub lic a galaxy of states exporting, in addition to the precious metals. the best coffee, cotton, sugar, indi- i aa cochineal in the world, and rival even the In conclusion, I would respectfully say to “Ame ricanus’’ that the answer to his question, “Can aay body tell me why such armies press to California for goid, whilst no one thinks of going twenty days at most from howe, for siiver, which is so much more valuable and needed” &c.—is the existing union of Church and State of Mexico. It is a union 80 depreseing to he incependent rigat thioking mar, 60 tyrapnical, snd 60 universally felt, that nothio; tirely abolishes sae on the face of nature is entirely abo! . The way to do that is certainly not to iy Be in smal strips that are of no value for $10,000,000, but to stop a’l su plies ani eocourage emigration there in large and armed bodies of mes. And pow, Mr. Editor, asking your pardon for the thirty years. | seen Be dynasty of small politicians out of their offices, places and pub- lic favor. At the head of men stands ex- these new | Comptroller Wight, and be leads the other division of the softs, He is a thorough out and-out friend of infliction of so many psges of foolscan on your read- | the Nebraska bill, while the other faction, headed by ere,,I would respectfully offer you these remarke, to | Plait Potter and his seven brothers and brothers-in- use as you lease. from one who has resided a long law constitute the entire party of an*i-Nebraska softs. time in the 80 called re.nblic, and conclude with a Prior to the la’e convention the Potter factinn were saying of Bartolome Torres Naharro:— Quien no me creyere que tal sea de el Al menos me debe la tinta y papel. | aes being rendered into English doggrel would read: : ‘Though the picture’s unfaithful, as many may think, At least they’re my debtors for paper and ink. Oe Crooxerr. Our Hudson River Correspondence. Newsvuna, Sep*. 30, 1854. Another Projected Railroad—Coal, Iron, and other Minerals— The New York Herald. A meeting was beld last evening at the United apparently the organs of the in this county. ey su ceeded in sending four atplitiontsts as de- legates, who, beaded by Potter as aubstitate, threat ' eved to bolt aud do ali manner of bad things un- less_ the convention not only denounced the Ne- brarks bill, but put ita.eeal of condemnation upon the pinclnies of nonintervention, He an¢ his woolley colleagues retusned home .carrying a: a back load both the Nebraska bill and non interveation, and the ex-Comptroller avd bis party are now v‘ry tarabesd. Potter and his tail of relatives are as uiet as lambs. Thes do not like openly now to bolt e nowination of Seymour, but it is well under- | stood here that they will secretly do it, It is said by those who urderstand their inflaence well, that they cannot control twenty votes in the county. States Hotel in this place, composed of geutlemen | The ex-omptroller is now only anxious that Potter from the town of Warwi-k, and neighboring towns, who had come here to meet the citizens of Newburg upon the subjectof building a railroad from the town of Fatklin, where furna es sre erecting in the heart of that inexbaustible and rich mineral region, for the production of the celebrated Franklinite iron. The venerable Thomas Powell presided over the meeting. It appeared from the statements made at this Ineeting, that the citizens of Newburg have, for twenty years past, been considering the feasibility | of connecting the coal fields of Pennsylvania with the East, through Newburg, which it is now pro- posed to do through the energetic movements of Mr. Burt, and Mr. E. L. Welling, of Warwich, Samuel | Fowler, and Mr. Walsh, of Newburg, and James L. | Curtis, of New York, together with some gentle- | men of Boston, who have become interested in the mineral districts of this section of country. the Walkill, from Franklin to Chester, about twen- should belt, as that course will forever exclude him | from any claim to associati.n with the soft demo- cracy. Tbave given Bcd this bit of political gossip, be | cause it aptly illustrates the barmoniou: : ondition * this party in almost, if not every, county in tie tate. ' The reguiar national democrats will have an easy time of it in beating these “ Poily wogs.” CaNAJOHARLS. Our Pennsylvania Correspondence. Tae GuapEs, i SomERseT connty, Pa., Sept. 14, 1854 { | Fable Land of the Alleghanies—Connelsville Ruil- road—View from the Alleghany—The Glades— German Population—The Drowght-—Albright Camp Mecing- Girl With “the Power” —Singu- lar Phenomena. Thad intended to proceed from Cum»erlani along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the Glades of | Maryland, but I heard such fine things of those It is proposed to build a road along the valley of , slong the Pennsylvania line, that I was induced to alter my plan and visit the latter first. My curiosi- ty five miles, to intersect the Erie Railroad, and ty was particularly excited by learning that the in- join a road from Newburg to Caester; and a charter habitants ef this district were old Germans, speak- was obtained about two years ago for extending to ing to a conside-able extent their own language. the Pennaylvania line, at Leggett’s Gap—a distance | This was a phase’ of American society entirely un- of about thi:t;-five miles—the whole line estimated known to me as yet, and I was eager to become ac- to cost about $1,500,000. Tne road from Newburg quainted with it, Besides, you observe that since to Legget,’s Gap is one link in the chaia of the New | we passed the great gap or gate of Harper's Ferry, England roads that connect with the coal fields of «the region is essentially one; it is the same vast Pennsylvania, inasmuch as it vould terminate in con- triple system of mountains, ribbed with iron and nection with the Fishkill and Hartford Railroad, and coa!, and clothed with meadow verdare, or tilled on the Hudson, sixty-five miles only from city. The rich minerals at Fravklin were here al. luded to, where a furnace isnow building, which New York ground, or rich forests, to their very summits. Tnis is | 3# the region we set out to see. We are now on to be ready for working in November, and where that immense table land lying between the eastern about fifty tons of iron per week will be made. ‘There are now employed upon the works of the Franklivite company 130 men, and the machinery is collected for four more furnaces, and paid for. Ma- sons at Franksin receive $2 per day, carpenters, $1 75, and laborers $1 25. ‘The Ne# Jersey Zinc Com- pany have in employ, also, at that polnt,-about one hundred men. The Franklinite company have ex: pended, thus far this season, $50,000, and will pay Out about $25,000 more. Toese companies have ex- pended in New Jersey over haif a million of dollars. ‘Lhe means of access st present to the zinc mines at Newark, and to the Stavhope iron furnace, where the Fvauktinits iron is made, is by wagons to ter and cheeee and deli.ious mountain mutton. lake at Woodport, the summit feeder of the Morris caral, a distance of twelve miles; thence to New- ak, or Easton, or Stanbope, at a cost of $2 50 to Woodport, and $3 50 be; ond and to New York. end western fronts of the Great or Western Al- legbany—a table laud relatively to the continent, above which it is lifted by those enormous walls, but iteelf rolling in bill and valley in undulations like those of the eea in a storm, crested with woods, bearing rich corn and wheat fields on its sunny slopes, and deep green meadows in its moist hol- lows. It isa noble agricultural country, but is still better adapted to grazing, and the glades of Mary- land more particalarly are celebrated for their but- As the whole region is from 1,500 to 800 feet—some say from 2,500 to 1,000—above the level of the sea, it is comparatively cool in the hoitest weather. Doring the discussions at this meetivg, particular wight you require blankets, even in August—at least relerence wes made tv an elaborate exhibit in the Husa, about a fo: tright ago, of tae coal trade since 1830, showicg the :a‘to of increase, statin, the qusntity for 1854 et six millions, aui at the same ratio of increased per centage, $60,000,000 for the year 1864, for which: trausit facilities will be ne- cessary. With those estinma'es aa a bosis, tae impro- batiliry of adequaie fuctit ies for economical traaspor- tation of all the coal aud iron demanded at the sea- board, is forcibly illustrsted by showiag the apathy that has been so long apparens in toeve neigabor- hoods, in connection with the fa-tthat the canal Penetrating the suihra ite coal regions is inca+ pable of doing the business presented to chom how. A gentleman stated last week to the writer of this, that he had a contract for te delivery of a Jarge quantity of coal, and that ore day Jast week there of bis, and the detevtion caused was eight bours ia passing through one lock, and that one boat can m_ ke but four trips a year. we did--ard the air is wonderfully pure and byac ing. Thus it is extremely well suited for a summer: retreat from the cities, to those who, like my-elf, are obliged to each+w the seashore, We left Cumberland by stage (the renewal of an a'most forgotten pleasure), wos. fora end presently after sunrise (an old Fem’ cence) break’acted at a tavern where tie people could not speak English. Here we dropped a young engineer bound for the Ine of the Pittsvurg and Cmrelisville Railroad, which is cutting a tunnel in the neighborhood. He described to us the valley by which the road ig to pass,and which he had jus were eighteen boats ahead been surveying, as perfectly magnificent, particular ly from the size and perfection of the white oak When completed, this line will extend from Pitta- Thirteen miles of the contemplated road from burg to Cumberlan¢, and thus will form another Fravklin, to terminate at Newburg, is sevured by the subscriptions of the Franklinite Company snd a few parties in different sections of the feeder of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, with travel and traffic. Our young fellow traveller was counfry; and a few enterprising citizens of 80 enthusiastic on the subject that he quite infected Warwick aud Newburg are awakening the at- me; tection of their people to the impoitance of their towns of having easy access to tae coal but he owned that it would be three years at least before the project would be realized. It wasa fields of Pennsylvania, by railroad which wonld Plank road that we were upon, which in about an pass thiough the richest mineral district probably hour’s ascent from our breakfast place brought us» anywhere known within an equal distance. An orgapization had been effected for one of the rood—twenty-five miles—and the m journed for a week, for the rectors and organizing at the Newburg end, receiv- ing subse: iptions, and eff»cting a consolidation. vera) gentlemen of Boston have recently been attracted to the mineral regions abont Franklin, and, bavivg becme largely interested in the devel- opement of the Fravklivite iron, they are using en- ergetic means to advance every interest involved in tie varied copnections of coal, iron and railroads. Our Schenectady Cofrespondence. Scuenecrapy, Sept., 1854. Appearance of Schenectady The Union College— Politees, §c. . You do not appear to bave a correspondent, regular or irregular, from .this most ancient city. ion ing ad- through one of the most desolate wildernesses, and most hopeless, that Tever looked at froma stage- purpcse of naming di- coach window, to the brow of the high Alleghany, whence a gloricus morning Jandscape of misty hills and valleys, and blue mountain spurs sk irted the horizon. We had lost it in a moment—and by long slopes, through a country rell, cultivated, aud growing richer and softer in its features with every _ mile, we 8, ed our way into the heart of the glades. It was nearly two o'clock P. M. when we reached the spot where we have pitched out tent ever since, won by the healthiness and attractiveness of the situation. It is a hotel-farm house, kept by a man whore history would fill a curious page in a novel of our manners. The good Laforge was a poor boy in Lancaster county, whose parents, onze well off, I propose to furnish you and the restof mankind had lost all; he came to the Glades penniless, and with a few facts connected with the place ani its people, which a brief residence here has enabled me to gather up. Itis a queer old town, and retains very much of its early Dutch aspect. You meet ia every gtreet with the gable roofed houses, double front door, and Dutch housewife, industrionsly occu: | could earn on Sundays for himselt. Pied in scrubbing the stoop on each fair morning. | he supplied bimeelf with clothes, Now ani then some adventurous Yankee has broke in upon the stillness of its shaded streets, and erect- ed a modern and well appearing honse. He is looked upon as an intruder by the old Datch resi- dents, and is most sure to be reminded in some way of the dislike of bis ne ghbors for attempting to | failed to ree Laforge’s chimney revolutionize the town. It is by no means an un | #4 Tt is remarkably | ccaching and Wagoning : the very first year La- pleasant city for a residence. clean and quiet, and has a very select and agreeab'e sceial circle; but it has some peculiarities which wake it worthy of a notice in the Heraip. Here i located Union College, which has attained celebrity for bookkeeping, if not for literature and science. | If the statement of its President and his trustees is correct, the college is one of the richest in the Btate; yet its professors are starving on a salary of one thonsand dollars cach, and n increase of that sum was refused this very year, | and his buges:ables. From twelve to twenty stages | stopped there ina day. It was a bad night heuhe on the ground that there was no money to pay it. It is claimed by the friends of the college that the President has made # donation of s)x hundred thon- | fand dolla’s to its funds; but no one has been able to get at the evidence of this Iiberaltty” 2 asto make it available for the institution. Jt iga diegrace to the oe that such men as Drs. Lewis and Hecock, end Professor Jackson, stould be com- ogg to sacrifice their time and eminent talents jor the miserable pittance of one thousand dollars per yeer. Yet this college. with ite large revenue and alleged ample fund, permite its professors to starve, while it exacts thelr best efforts to sustain its position with the community. A great effort was made at the late commencement by a few of the graduates, to re-whitewash the col'ege accounts, and to congemn the attempt to ascertain what bad be- come of the immense sums of money received by the college from the State, the lotter‘es, and other sources of revenue; but it wasa great failuve, and, | being altogether overdone, became ridiculous. The college and ite President have both snffer-d greatly from the folly of their too ardent friends. The polltice, or rether the politicians, of the county, are like the college accounts so mixed afd cros+ grained that no one clearly comprelends the trae State of the case. The “tarda” are probably the stongest portion of the democratic party. But. they are at sixes and severs upon the Nebraska bi), Pickham Maurice & Oo. have a largef*re of friends here, eva (Fey do not cordially approve the ejretion of “7 ir friec ds from the party by the Syracuse Con- vention bound himself to # blacksmith for a certain period to learn bis trade. His master was to feed him; but Laforge had forgotten to stipulate for clothing. The smithy was near a tavern, of course, and his master, to help him out of the difficulty, allowed him all he By this means acting as ostler | to the Sunday travellers, holding their horses, shoe | ing them some times, &c. When his time was ont, | he set up for bimeelf, with difficulty borrowing five dollars to buy a stock of iron, He made his owa tools. But no one ever was up so early that he eonk in the night ring. It was the gclden, or (in this copnection) the iron time of atage ir, or to hear his anvil rather forge cleared nine hundred dollars with that brawny ond laborious arm. His stren, was then prodi- gious. Sixteen he worked at the anvil, and then he bought farm, and opened a tavern to sell ita produce. At that time this roai was the @eat channel of communication with the West. Here, b boge lumbering wagons (a few of which are still seen), covered with white cloth, hooped high over their toad, pessed one way the produce of Ohio, and the otber the goods of the Atlantic seaports, Fifty Wopons wou'd sometines stand at night in a sort of camp inthe open space between Laforge’s house wher did not take fifty dollars in the morning, and ‘often it was a hundred. Tne teamsters paid little for their supper, and less for their lodging (for ht thr own beds) ; but then they were pi be railioads have knocked up all this business, and reduced the spot to a rural quiet; but Lafi is left a rich aca at least for ont the country. The villsge of Laforgeville (for it is called after bim), is mostly his property ; but he is a plaia farmer, plain tavern keeper still, and fetches round the borses of young bucks from the ne'gnboriog county town, and tekes their “ qnarter” ag quietly as when he was a blacksmith’s ‘prentice. The people of this district are Germans of the old Penysylvania stock. Natives of this country, a3 their fethers were before them, they speak, how- ever, with each other, and by preference, a is of German, mixed with a good many English words, and 60 pronounced as to be scarcely intelligible to a Ge man scholar. Some are hardly able to express themeelves in Englis", nor do they understand it; and inthe more retired farm houses, I have foun this to be the case even with the childven. The Lutheran and Germon reformed churches (which are the prevalent denomivations), and the minor sects. such 4 Tunkers, Altpights, &c., hold their services chiefly in the Germau language. It produces & e'rpular effect to siton the front piazza of Laforge’s house, in the evening, avd heer this foreign gibberi-h from penrants- Iwas going to call tlem—in red shirts, snd wagoners In blue blouses, the very same pottern that we were so fumiliar with in Germany, At | uy your cities for untimel: Forge’ unfailing pring would give out ts porpetoa forge’s up! ig ‘would give out, its gurgle grew 80 Taine but the lets showers have mace it sing again, and though there is adsolutely no hope of the second cro eke find @ slender food in these mountain pas- ures. ‘The drought. affecta everything. The apples in our bost’s superb orchard, a aR “bigger than my fist,” hesays, in ordinary years, “are nothid’ at any more’’—quite shriveled up: the bres in his long range of eheltered hives make no honey, for the white clover bloseom—thetr mine of sweets—is not to be found in the drymeadows. The millers have stopped grinding corn for want of water. Last week an Aloette meeting came off ia the neighb: rs00d of Laforgevilie. Tais 16 an ovca- | sion to draw together all the boys and girls for miles | | are closed only by white muslin curtains. around particu) fae Reva who are fond of a little ungodly fun. Curiosity ed me to the camp ground seveial times, wuere I witnessed in all tl tion those extrao:dinary scribed by Southey in the I bel'eve, have to a considerable extent ir perfeo- ipovenel p.ezomena de- le of eauey and which, disap peared } Our Parts Correspondence. Pants, Sept. 23, 1864. Interesting Facts as to the Sale of Champagne in the United Stites. Having just arrived from Rheims, I enatch an boar before my departure for Bordeaux, to give you the resu't of a visitof curiosity which I hive made to the champagne districts of France. America is now the chiefest consumer of cham- pagne wines. There is more champagae sent fron | France to the United States, chan to any, or all, | other countries. I might add, more than is now made in Champagne itself ; more than is now made in all France, embracing even the spurious with the genuine—eventhe bad French champagne with the | good. This hombug—and it is an enormous one—ought to be exposed. I feel inclined to do something to help on 8 consummation £0 devoutly to be wished. Thave got powseasion of some fects which I think | ought to be known to the American people; and of hay, the cattle once | among the Methodists, The last night of the meet- | ing was most fraitful in these singular displays. I was told that I should see strange things. At first the }roceedings were extremely quiet, a3 they had beex on other occasions. Fires, di-posed on four — elevated platforms, at the corners of the camp, which formed a hollow equate, threw a strong bul fitful and war ee over the con: the trees overhead interarched likethe cciomns and roof of a gothic cathedral. The preachers were rather calm and prosy than otherwise; the prayers and bymns unexciting, and the latter @ fine effect upon the night and the open woods. The wemen were scrupulously seated en one side of the spacious enclosure which they call the tar, and the men on the other. Of a sudden, in the very exordium of the first sermon, a woman somewhere beseath the pulpit, ard withdrawn from my view, began to “hol far’—I{ know not what else to call it; it was neither a scream nora groan. It wes articulated, however—“Oh! O—h!"—with a sharp upward inflection at the close, and then came, “Glory! glo—ory!” in the eame tone. Here was eageaking, right out in meetin’” with a vengeance, and an évident disturbance. The speaker's voice in the pulpit was interrupted and drowned by these shrill, wild cries. One of the ministers leaned at on, while | over the desk, and requested, in a low voi:e, that the sis- _ ter should be removed. In a minute they were drawing her gently along from the pulpit. She came in sight—str ig ting—and “glo- ry,” fell forward at fuil length almost at my feet. women closed around her, and bore her away in their arms, to one of the tents, whither there was a general rush of the wilder portion of the audience. The preackers with difficulty restored order, cbiefly by insisting that the curious could see nothi: at present; and that if all kept their seats, all woul be able to hear, and, m due time, to see also. ‘he | The sermon went on, a certain number of | persons being gathered outside the tent where the woman who « been carried off was still screaming at intervals, ‘Ob! o—b! Glory! glo—ory !” her lastagony. At last, os the cries continued, ob- eerving ttat the crowd around the tent did not in- crease, I resolved to join it. I easily insinuated myself among thogze who were standing outs‘de, or in the next tent, gazing over the boards, which come only about bieast nigh, upon the scene inside. The tents are really boarded 8 santies, roofed, to shed the rain, with spaces for coor and window, which Witnin, the floor was the bare earth; the forviture, a table, a chest, @ bench, snd, at one end, a sort of narrow bunk c.raiping a bed. These people come to camp mectirg equip .<d like emigrants goug West, only rather “more £0,” as they bring cooking stoves, which sre ranged outside tie square. Wi cabin, then, about twelve feet “by a tallow candic, the womaa with the “ power” wag ray; , attended by two or three of ber femele frieuds; a thoung of curious faces of both sexes peering in at the latersl o; ings, but chiefly young men o? the farmiag or labor ing less. Rather to my enrprise, I found tha} s\e was & young womab, of uot more town nine- teen or twenty, apparently, and I recognized her as one whom I had scen partially affected m my previous visit. Her figure was good, her statare above the mean, her features regular, with a ripe, full contour. Her hair bad fallen down, (as it al- ways does in these tantrumws,) and streamed over her shoulders, black, profuse aud waving. She was on ber feet, ping rege back and forth, rapidly and gracefully, s* ging and throwing about her arms with a great of fine action; her head thrown back, not looking at anything or anybody— the eyes fixed like epilepsy, preternatarally bright | and staring, and ever and.anon stopping to shout, “Oh, my soul! Glory to God !”” with ing upward inflection. Aiter a while this ws ls seemed to calm—she stood motionless, her grew pale, her head fell more backwerds, the lips became livid, the whole per:cn grew rigid, the arms became stiffly ex ended, and her friends caught her just as she was about to fall backward. They carried her to the couch, where one of them su »ported her. bead and shoulder on her Jap, the arms remainirg stiffly ex'en tei, and the whole body rigid and motioniess. About this ‘time I managed to enter the tent, as the crowd at the door had thinned on the girl Cts ing quiet. There was an aged brother inside, to- gether with the women, and after a while I asked permission to feel the pulse of the patient, pleading & medicsl character, to which I have some remote claims. They were artery beating ‘ly and rather full, but soft and not too frequent; it became peastiy os relerated, however, under my Gngers, although to a certainty the girl was uncons: Indeed, my touch, or some other cause, ex ited the paroxysm agsin. Her bosom began to heave, her arms to work; the rising was so fearful from that epileptic rigidity that I in- voluuterily retreated toa corner of the tent. Ina minute she was on her feet, crying “glory” again: and now everyb>dy noticed that in her (much resembling those of a wild beast in a cage) she invariably came towards me. The women g before her—as they always show that kindness to each other—and she retreated, but still returned. I could not catch her eye, atill fixed on vacancy— bright, entranced, glittering— but to me she came. She began to leap, to jamp up and down, her hair ficating, her garments dancing with the rapid mo- the same pierc- | Ms | his own language, ‘“ begs to be permitted the privi- as I have occasionally written for your journal, during the mapy years that I have spent in Europe, I trvst you wil) not consider the information I now communicate a3 unworthy of a place in your columns. Before I came abroad the last time I ascertained that at the various custom houses of the United States nearly three times a8 much cham) was entered for the payment of duty as castom houses of France showed had been exported to t:e United States. Now, this fact demonstrates—first, that two bot- tles out of every three of champagne into the United States was spurious; seconi, I ed that five times as much cham; ia sold in the United States as is im; into our country. Now, if New York sold ali the champagne tnat is guld in the United States, this would Daly give us ore bottle inten of genuine c} 18. we go # Jittle further, and take the whole quantity of chempague made in France, audexamine the re- cords of exporting houses, as well as custom houses, we sball fir d that the poorer qualities ay with few exceptions, are sent to America. And ¢ we scab the matter still more closely, we shall find that not ore bottle in s huncred drank by the Ame ricans ia of the beat quality made in the champagne dstricte. It would not be extravagant to reduce 1 eee one-half. ay (es Re ave been spesking only vintages—s: for five years. The vintages of three years ago were good. For three years they have been blight- ed, while this year the champagne crop has been cut off to such an extent that there is not oné tenth of the usual crop. Ssarcely any of the best quality will find its way to the | id fp! celiars. Nearly all the best qualities of French wine have thi@ year risen fifty per cent; consequently none but supry. of ‘Genaive‘champague, "Great houses supp! genuine champagne. Gre . like Cliquot, Billesart Salmon, Schreidsr, Ruinart, &c., will find their brands imitated and fot toa greater extent than ever. I visited some of these es‘abtishments; but the one which seems to have been most exempt from the wine-blight, is that of Bilecart. Ispeak of this bouse, be3ause, during several years of residence in Europe, I have found their champage more highly prized in the best circles, than any other. districts, I sought Line ive Pose the ineyards of th % an opportunity f of the mos' celebrated houses; but after several rather unsatis- factory reconnaissances I fell in with an intimate friend of M. Billecart himself, and it would be a poor return for his courtesy if I did not recognise the kind attentions he showed to me. He had under. stood that I was an American, desirous of looking through the champagne districts, and proposed to take me ona view through the vintages owned by himeelf ard his family. It seemed to be the best land in Mareuil, Bouzi, Verzendy and Rheims. ‘When our long ride was over, he showed met! h Bis vaults, stored with wine of three or four vin- ages. gathered from what I learned from M. Billecart Salmon, as well as frm other sources, that these large | hotises could move along in their regular course of pu- You would have said that she was in | sinesa, for one, or two, or even thiee years, without serious interruption, even if the vintages should fail. I krew very well that the Russians, with whom. Thave been, drsnk the best wine maie in Cham- page, and that the highest quality of champagne made by the houses of Billecart Salmon, Cliquot and Schreider, were consumed by the courts of Eu- rope; sud I wondered that so large an amoant of wine, covered by the labels of Cliquot aud Scbreider, should be acld in Boston, On inquiry, I found that the house of Cliquot had sent to the United States only a Jimited amount for a few years, while, to look on their labels in the United States, one would Wik that they bad sent baskets by tse hundred t<usand. So for a3 Billecart Salmon’s wine is cox- | about it. I bad not seen it there whea I left the nfectly willing. I found the | | the Dr. and the public as ignorantas he found romenades | tion, berasme either clasped or gracefully extended, | stil crying, “Oh, my soul, praise the Lord!” and crawheg bearer and nearer t> the corner where | wes ersconced, till, fairly frightened, I watched my opportunity, when the other women had turned her back, to escape to the other side of the tent. Now she chan her style one more, and began to walk up and down; aud as by iy altered position I was piaced about midway of her promenade, at every passing her extended hand swept across me. In short, she came nearer and vearer, so that the lookerson began to titter, aud her friends to renew their exertions, but not so as to prevent two or three wild embraces, of which one was bestowed upon a youthfal brother who had Jately entered the tent, and the reat—well, I contrived to get pretty clear. She was now fairly ‘enclosed in aritg by her female friends, and at sunk ex: hausted cn the ground. “She ix hoppy !” whispered to me the ancient bro- ther. ‘Her soul is with the Lord!” “What do think of her?”’ inquired the youth- ful brother. “Do you think” (with evident sarcasm) “that she will ever get over it?”—alluding to my as- sumed medica! character. I certainly thought so, but 1 own that I was con- vinced there was no ehamming, of which the un- instruc’ed vulgar, gazing on, evidently accused her. I felt quite gure from all I saw, that all parties were sincere; that the girl was perfectly unconscious of surrounding objects, sll the women who were taking such care of her, bad been in the same state themselves, and must have known if it was mere and conscious erotic excitement. When she came to herself a little, which soon happened, they’ tenderly embraced her, and she them. Soon a(ter, as ihe sermon was now ended, they carried her inte the meeting, where one of them held her in a pai on of tranquil rapture, just before the pulpit. ur other gisla were seized the same night; some men, too, were howling on the ground, were mourners ) and others “leaping and. pra' God.” Indeed, one of the girls sul jnently taken far ex. ceeded the one I have deecribed in the violence aud seeming indecorum of her performance; and when five of them at once were leapir ¢ and shouting, and teriously rushing hither ard fritter, with their hair looee ard their 8 flying, and every now and tien isMing besatong over the © rdon of their female friends smong the benches of the men, it wasaacene wich it, yeanired some k owledge of similar facts onc an impertial turn of mind to essign to ite true cauee,and reconcile with the simplicity and good faith cf the actors. Rorvs Ramocee. Usited States, two years ago. Bat it isesteemei im Kurepe #s ful'y equal, and by many, as superisr, to a y other wine of Campagne. Etymology of the Geographical Title « Greenland.” Evarra, N. Y., Oct. 25. 1854. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. An interesting artigle unier the abov caption, from a Washingtop correspondent, ap- peared in your paper of Tuesday morning last, in which the writer labors at some length, and with much ingenuity, to enlighten Dr. Hayes, Surgeon of Dr. Kane’s Arctic Search-Expedition, with regard to the origin of the title “‘ Greenland.” The Dr., it seems, is somewhat puzzled to know why so dreary and desolate a region should have beenthus named; and your correspondent, to use lege of explaining the reason why it is so called, while its barrenness and sterility seem so palpably to contradict our idea of what the name imports.” His bypothesis is, that’ Greenland was verily “green” to ite first discoverers; and hence its pame. In proof of this theory he introdaces the navigator Davis, who testifies that curing bis first voyage, ‘‘in the latitude of sixty- four degrees or there about” he “found mi 2 ard pleasent ills, bordering upon the shore, but the mountains of the maine were till covered with great juantities of snowe.” This is certainly a very amall orn on which to hang so expressive a rame, but in the absence of everything else, it might, perhaps, be deemed eatisfactory. In attempting to make a clear case of it, bowever, your correspondent snould have introduced the first discoverers of Greenland, and proven by them that it was so named because of those ‘green ills,”’ instead of di his specula- tions by the name of an expla » and ne Davis named Greenland and very appropriately, too— Desolation; and hie descri. tion of the country, the “green ils” included, is almost enongh to freeze ‘one’s blood. A noted modern bistorian, in treating of it, says: “Land, properly’ speaticg, cannot be said to exist in Greenland. ‘the only % approaching the na- ture of earth occurs along the broken crags of the inlets, or on the nome;ous rocky islands scattered along the coast, where aie to geen some small patches or narrow strips of thin soil. In these spots alove vegetation agpeats; but itia noshing more Un prass, low bri wood, and lichens. Ia well sheltered valleys birch and elder shrubs 1 ied some ‘tmes to the beight of s man’s head; and this is the bearest approach to atree that has been made in Geeevland. In the extreme south potatoes have teen raised, but all attempts to cultivate grain have Leen oisuccessiu). The cold is so intense in winter that even ardent spirits freeze in a room where there isa fire. In February and March it is so powerfal »e to split the rocks and cause the sea to smoke like a furnsce. * * * * July is the only month in which there is no snow; but it does not jie long till October. The earth begins to thay in June, bus it is slways frozen ata th.” As well might we call the Saharian desert Para- dise, as such a desolation of desolations Greenland. It never could have been,’ and never was, honestly that name. And now for the proof, Here it S in few words. I quote from Goodrich’s Histor all Naticrs, vol. 2d, page 1,075, a8 follows:—‘The dis- ‘covery of Greenland, between the years 830 and 835, is mentioned in the Chromcle of Sturleson, a lesrned Icclander. Another writer places tue dis- covery in 770. Eric Redbead, an Icelander, haviag killed a pc werful Icelandis chief, was obliged to quit that country, and, according to the ion of the times, ret out to discover some unknown land. He came in Bij of Greecland at a point which he eas. Steering southwesterly al the coast, he sailed round Farewell, and passe: the eummer on en island in this neighborhood, after which he returned to Icelend. He praised the fer- wy of the country he had discovered, and named it Greenland, in the hope of indu ing adventurers,to a pagans | bim hg att nl hy tied o much for the etymology © gpogra} title “Greenland.” ao vd E Affairs in Mexico. OUR FROWNSVILLE CORRESPONDENCE. Baownsvivxe, (Texae,) Ost. 4, 1854, Simply, after my last letter, I will inform you of what is taking place on both sides of the line, so far as I can bear. Apong otber outrages commited on the part of Sorts Ac na’s government, on the waters of the Rio Grande, is that of having bad the gentlemanly clo: k of the Camanehe, James B. Armsirong, tuken up, for beving committed what, acow ding to Sin) Annge’s late decree as respects passports, would be reed, Ido pot think tne Ameri avs knov anythi-g | | ing « dive into a jar of ¢elicious looking brandied | menebip, among which we noticed soms bew called a violation of Mexican territory. To ¢’ fact an officer of the U. 3 army wore before a J tice of the Peace bere, and who is. also a nots public. Fentioring other bog, = will state as to what Pe gy Beppe apd as 1 can be inform of this line, and having amiable friends, you have expressed an opinion ernment of Mexico, But right; a many honest latter 1 believe to be correct, prove their sincerity by not allo of the country. What I row briefly mention to you to people in Wes)ington city, and as you ares pear it you can whiepsr to the goverom=nt that bustering isat 8 premium on the line of the ens Rio Baavo. Our Wellsburg, Va., Correspondence. Wessun, Va., Oot. 17, 1854. The Shanghaes and the Corn—Agricultural Fair- Lady Equestrians. i One can scarcely glance at a newspaper of without finding reccrded long lista of premiu awarded by the sgricultural fairs, which seem bave become universally established in almost ever county and State of the Union, and appesr to be e: citing a considerable degree of intereat among th Yeomanry as well as among the fairer sex, who ar always seemingly foid of bring intere:ted in wha ever pretends to encomiums. The idea of receivin & premium.or diploma has caused quite a commc ton in their ravks, and stimulated them to exer ‘heir skill in showing up their handiwork in th vay of embroidery, drawings, needle vork, presers ed fruita, &c. And by the way, tx0, we should no eglect to mention thet the babies come in fo weepstakes, and occupy an important position is he way of premiums. The fine silver tea set which bave just been awarded by e late fair held i) Obio for the best specimen of this branch of mstri monial felicity, will no doubt have quite an influeno. on the next crop of little ones, and will act asi stimulant to further exertion in that line, to im prove the stock, as weil as the Berkshires, Dar hams, snd Shanghaes, which latter class seen now to be universally admitted on all hand to be the “‘cock of the walk,” or in other word: the daddy of all the feathered tribe, and will soo become as numerous in this country asthe old do minicks. It seems to uz, however, fromthe manne: in which they hide corn, oats, and small grain gene rally, that there will have to be an extra quantity raised, otherwise we may expect breadstuffs to keer up at the present high price for all time to come We should not be surprised if Congress would pag 8 prohibitory law against the whole breed of Shang hae’s, Cochin Chinas,and all other long legged poul try, that make such inroads upon the grain crops o! the country. We witnessed at a county fair held here the other day, some rare specimens of these corr eaters, and the impression we formed of them at could have i propegatiog Wels specie, would be could have in pro Ug 8 to keep the grain'markets of tho world ins com stant state of iy Hino And now, while we bave introduced the subject of agricultural fairs, we shall leave the Shaghaes to tieir gastronomical meditations, while we take a stroll round the enclosure of the fair grounds, and see what the published list of premiums to be award- ed has called forth to undergo the inspection of the ccmmittees and visitere congregated to behold the sights beforethem. As it was the first fair the county had ever held, the ladies were deter mined that so fer as their department was con- cerned, it should be creditable to their eex, and no efforts were spared in de:orating the flors] department. The great feature of attraction in this flowery palace, erected by fairy hauds, waz a temple of moss, flowers and evergreens, built in the) form of an octagon, with totbic columas and dome, eome eight fest in beight, and occupying a central position in the hall. ‘fhe taste displayed m the ere ti nand decorating this little temple was not nly ingenious. bus truly commemorative of a refined taste In point of architectura: finish. The propor: Hope abo symmetry were wit rout fault, and to the «ye it presented @ plessing aud quite picturesque appearence, and we bave no Goubt gatsed for the ledics who constructed it a reio#wn waich ht to be truly gratifying to theic pride, in this their urst effort st rural arcbitesture. Che otrer decorasiv 6 were equally deserving of credit, and addes grestly tothe general appearance witnis doors, w ive she articles op ¢x) ibition were Lot ooly aumerone, bas mony of them exhbiticg great skill and wu k- specimens of embroidery, neediework, landscape drawing, &c.,ali of which, we understand, ia be- coming quite a pastime with the ladiés, and the lat- ter particularly, whi h we consider a very beautiful accomplis! ment, and hope the ladies, in time, will sll become artists. The show cf quilts was in the preponderance, aa is usual at sucd places. They were strewed around in all direc- ticns, ever, imaginable shave, size and color, stars and stripes and nameless designs, looking more . like Chinese marks on tea boxes than anything else we can imagine. How we detest the very signt of | them, and we was just going to adi, those who make them; in this, however, we presume we should be transcending the bounds of propriety, as we are in- clined to believe thst the generality of womenkind bave a passion for fine quilts. From oureatly youth wé always bad a repugnance for patchwork, even on our trousers, and we could never comprehend how 80 much time snd patience could be exhausted by the ladies in putting by nae from litte tiny scraps of calizo, of 80 m nfferent colors, whic, when united together and formed into the shape of a quits a no com ariaon to 4 nice white clean jarseilles spread; most women, however, admire their own skill, and this will, perbaps, account for the immense labor bestowed upon one article of domestic use. Notwithstanding, as ws said in the first instance, we always did dispise them, and shell never cease to hate them, and speak of them in the Most disrespectful te:ms,even if in so doing we SS merit the ill nature of those who make em. With these expressions of our sentiments here re- corded, we will pass them by for something more congenial to our taste, and we confess, and, unbesitatingly confess, that we have a vary sweet’ taste for sweet things generally. And as we cast our eyes slong the vast array of sealed jars, filled wita all the ie different kincs of preserved fruite, we felt our boyish appetite return in all its freshoess end vigor, and we could ecarcely refrain from mal peaches sitting just before us, ~hich, up to the pre- sent Lour, we confess we have an amiable w: 18 for. Knowing, however, tuat had we attempted such a thing, we would have had a whole regiment of women in our bair at once, and as we had not mucb of that article to spare, we concluded to witn- stand the temptation. Tue ladies, it seemed, had bestowed particular attention to this branch of their skil', and there was more competition in this depart ment than in other articles ou exhibition. As we were preety ad am al eyes upon this colle tion of eweetened fruit, we heard a warm discussion go- ing on some ladies in relation tothe aforesaid preserves, which we did not hear the end of. But we heard enough to form a resolution in our own micds, never, upon any account, to serve as a com- mittee of awaris on the preserve cepartment; for we were fully rat afied, from what little we could gather rem the conversation we overheard, that that com- mittee would never hear the Jast of the ill nstared remarks which would be bestowed upon them by thove who should fail to receive a preaiiam, as they all seemed to think their own prodastion was the best. We were impressed with the belief, then, that if the committee only knew the difficuldes were about to get into, a would id to worl bravely like men—eat he the s ts, de clare them to be the their premiums. Save catastrophe. ‘The display of vegetables was quite equal to the occasion; some of the perce we evor Faw, whose white skins an Ivishman might look with pride and adi . Considering the mess of the past summer, the quantity of exhivited was much larger and better arp en have 1 pe a md would compare ‘ney with any we have eeen ot Batern faire. stock on exhibision is said to have been quite numerous, embracing all the different kinés of domestic apiwals in use. We were not fortunate hentn to be present until the leet Gay, avd consequently did not witness the dia- play of feet horeee, which at all fairs seem to be the prentest rource of attration, We are in- tormed, however, that some fine bionded nags wore enteree, which did sone viry fast trotting, racking, &e. The efterncon of the Isst day was to be de: voted to the lacie, in cxerising their eques tien kill, for wach o splecdid sidesa die woe to be prearnted to the most eracefu con plied equestrian. previous to whies, there wee introduord a ncvelty not set do progrsmme of the day, which novelty consivted of