The New York Herald Newspaper, September 11, 1854, Page 2

M 0U3 CORRESPONDENTS, | LETTERS FRE aertee Correspondence, sells Loxpoy, August 26, 1854. The War—Summary S Results—Kossuth and the British Ministry— Distrust in the English Mint with Regard to the Austrian Oceu, ation of the Principalities—The High | Tory Press Invvighing Against Royal Marriage Acts—Revolutionary Projects— | Th Crystal Palace at Sydenham Another | uible—! ase of W. Haag—Dr. Cottman | ind the Londen Press—New Materials for the Mavufacture of Paper—George San- ders’ Swiss Letter on the Right of Asylum —Unpopularity of dr, Cass with the Roman Republicans, &e. As soon as the A’and Islands had fallen into the hands of France and Engtaad overtures wore made to Swedea to join the Western Powers. Austria is marching into the Priaci- palities; she no longer adheres to the status quo ante. Prussia bas forsaken the Vienna conference, and is preparing to defend her Bal- tic provinces. The cholera delays the depar- ture of the Crimean expedition. The Russian Caucasian army are still victorious over the | Turks. The Euglisn White Sea fleet has block- | aded Archange!. The cholera is raging so fear- fully amongst the French troops in the Kast that che Emperor Napoleon has been obliged to issue a proclamation to keep up the spirits of the soldiers. The Ruesian soldiers were suffo- cated by their own emokeat Bomarsund. The aifa'r at the Aland Islands was a very smart one. The Russians, Freuch and Engvish fought well; but neither Russian stone walls or guns could resist the English and French fleet and the French soldiers; and there is not the least doubt but what the cap- ture of the Aland isles will have an immense effect in urging on the French and English sai- lors and soldiers to more daring deeds, and that it wili hasten the attack on the other Russian strongholds both in the Baltic and Black seas. ‘The fall of Bomarsund has proved that Sevasto- pol and Cronatadt are not invulnerable. Kossuth has delivered another oration as tell- ing as any of his former oues. The great Hun, | garian refuses to speak merely to gratify the | public. If he did no: thus refuse he would be invited to speak every day in the year. He only professes to come before the English pub- | lic whem any new phase of the great war re- quires freeh elucidation in reference to Hunga- ry. No orator since Demosthenes is so perfect | end convincing as he is, snd considering that he speaks in a foreign language, he is a miracle. The British Ministry are galled to death by him, and their best writers are in vain set up to | answer him. They tauat him with abusing the | hospitality of England. His denunciations of | the folly and criminality of British statesmen are overwhelming. In his last oration he in- | sisted that Brssarabia ought to be taken from | Rassia. The chief objection which the Worn- ing Chronicle, the government organ, makes to this, is that it ia premature. The military occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia by Austria, which bas now undoubt- | edly commenced, has already created some un- pleasant forebodings. She will be as tenacious | of boiding those provinces, probably, as France | will be of holding Constantinople. There seems to be a want of faith in the pubtic of everything that is done, owing to the seorssy of diplomacy end the habitual treachery of European govern- ments, It appears most extraordinary that Austria should be allowed to enter the Peinci- palities asa neutral power, without declaring war against Russia. Supposing Austria should break with the Western powers and make rome exenee for becoming friendly witn Russia, it would cause as much trouble to drive th triaua from the Prinoipalities as it has taken to expel the Russians. he London Stondard newspaper, the red hot church and king, no Popery stand- ard, the “right divine of kings’ standard, has become perfectly furious against Prus- tia and the cousin-hip of kings; and-is inveighing bitterly azainst all royal marriage acts in Europe on account of the snfferings of | nationalities through them. Here is the Prus- | sian nation, whore interests are anti-Ruesian, | compelled to go against the voice of civilized | Europe on account of the relationship by mar- | riage ot their drunken kiug to the Czar. The conduct of that crowaed inebriated ass will go | for to make the matrimonial project of one of | the queen of Eagiand’s chilaren with the Prus- sian royal family most unpopular in England. As soon as the war becomes serious between Austria, Russia and the Western Powers, a revo- lution will break out simultaneously in Italy, Huvgary and Poland. Nine-teuths of the Aus- trian army are composed of Poles, Hungarians, Italians, and others. Austria has hitherto taken advantage of the haired of these people and races to put down any revolation in their res- tive oountries. If an insurrection broke out | Er itaty, Austria sent Hungarians and Poles to crush it, and if in Hungary, Italians and Croats were employed to extipguish it, But latterly revolutionary propagandism has been going on in the Austrian army, and the enslaved races | ot Austria will not fight against each other. | Whole regiments will be sure to go over to the patriotic side. Even in the slight outbreak which took place ashort time since in Parma the soldiers joined the insurrectionists and many | of them were shot for so doing. The income of the Sydenham Crystal Palace | is sow ostimated at £150,000 a year. The Crys- | tal Palace Company are about to issue bonds to raise money. The interest of these bonds, viz. 5 per cent, is to be paid before the original ; shareholders are paid any iaterest. The bonds have been offered to the shareholders, but they | hav. degtined them, and Crystal Palace shares | are tumbling down in consequence. The £5 shares wave dropped from €6 to £3 0s. The palace is not by uny means finished, and it will | take a twelvemonth before it can be. Of course | it newer will be completed, because every year it will be improved; bat the permanent arrange- ments whieh could possibly bave existed at the prevent time, are not finished. The tive shilling days do not answer, and the price will have to | be reduced, avd the aristocracy must be allowed ooly the half a crown day for their seloct visits. The best ip of the palace isthe building itself; & front view of it is magnificent in the extreme, ft looks palatial, and as grand as Versailles, Whatever Ruskin, the pre Raphaclite, might say, ite architecture is as beautiful and perfect as it ie unique. Its proportions are exquisite. The height of the arch of the great centfal transept is fearful to look up at trom where it | Fprings within the building. [1 scems too lofty | for haman hands to have reared it; but looking at it from adistance in the palace grounds, | ping) is Mtahicl hg the Later] of the build- ng, compar ith ite tic proportions, the fearfulness of it« height Fictinae.-Gostvdypd; as it were, by its harmony with the other colos- | sal parte of the palace. Viewed at a distance, the palace, with ite transepts, towers, recesses, | and wings, looks grand in the extreme. Ona 6a. day, when the élite of the aristocracy are crowding the recesses at the base of the tran- | septs, wih &® magvificont hand playing on the grand terrace beneath them, you may faucy | ourself in some ancient Coliseum, whore there roc for a million nz to witoess contests n gladiators au¢ !d beasts, y of the co the palace are fail ne atl represent liter sll ndeur arfed space must ty " , Heypuan and G by which is attom he arehttec shabby, aud is eat and natural bistory Ialace are also failarcs, viving Of @ plaoe in the palace | | i | | | | | tw | for it. | ready received, the same mail that conveys this In fact, they are more suitable for itinerant shows. The material of whieh the fizures of the buman savages are formed is mean, aad the few cart loads «of earth and stumps of trees give a poor idea of the jungle ard forést, In fact, these groups give one rather a disgusting idea of wild mea, ani- mals, and forests The specimens of ravage tribes should have been carved ia wood and then colored. Tbe beasts are, individually, well represented certainly by stuffed skins of them. There should bave beep ne attempt to represent the mighty forest and prairie, The illustrations of ravage men and brutes should have been surrounded only by the indigenous plants of tbe couatries of which such creatares are natives. The floral and horticultural adorn- ments of the Crystal Palace are superb; the grounds are too limited but they are laid out with a grandeur suitable to the patace building. Some time since a gentleman pamed Haag, an Austrian by birth, but an American by adop- tion, who took part against the Austrian gov- ernment in 1848, projected a plan for the ex- ploration of Australia to the English nation, which was highly approved of. The plan was adopted aud some surprise was felt that Haag Was not appointed to the head of it. The excuse was that it was not seemly for a foreigner to be at the head of an Engtish exploring expedition paid for by English mouey. Haag went after- wards to the seat of war in the East, as cor- respondent of a London morning paper. Almost the first thing the Austrians did after joining Turkey, and when they were about to enter the Principa lities, was to induce Omer Pacha to forbid Haag to follow his occupation as newspaper correspondent, by ordering him to quit the Turkish camp. Haag is an Ameri- | cau citizen. His taking part against the Aus- | trian government in 1848 was most probably | the reason why he was treated soscurvily in | Fugland in the Australian expedition affair, | The scbeme divalged by the New York Uar- | \Lp of Dr. Cottman and the Czar Nicholas, | hus created no little stir in England, Some | very fierce articlss have appeared in tae Zimes aud Daily News on the subject. | Patents are now taking out by various per- sons for the manufacture of a cheaper paper than that made from rags. There is every rea- son to believe that materials have been found far surpassing rags in cheapness, which caa be | manufactured easily into paper. These disco- veries will effect a two-fold object. They will cause a cheaper paper to be manufactured, and will cause the price of rags to fall. The Times newspaper is limited now in the number of its circulation from the impossibility of getting paper in sufficient quantities. Large paper makers eagerly buy rags now in retail quantd- ties, and convert them immediately into paper, | | | so great is the demand for paper and so limit- | ed is the supply of rags. ‘the great difficulty which newspaper proprietors in England feel is: the absolute scarcity of paper. There is now | no doubt bat what the Hngtish newspaper stamp is doomed to come off, and the only delay is | hecause the Chancellor of the Exchequer must | take off the paper duty along with it, which cannot be done until some substitute is fuund Sanders’ Swiss letter on the right of asylum | has created an immense sensation here. The Times published it first. at length, on Monday, 2st, with @ polite introduction merely. The Morning Post, the court journal, followed on Tuesday, giving at the same time, for the amuse- | ment of the aristecracy, a whole c-lumn of laughable invective on the phrase “sovereign | cisizeu,” which was no doubt abhorrent to its | parasitic ears. On Wednesday the liberal pa- | per, the Morning Advertiser, gave a powerful Jeader upon the right of asylum, acd exposing the miserable subserviency of Switzerland to | Austrian dictation in respect to the refugees. | The Times then published a leader on Thurs- | day, in which, after displaying its own histori- cul ignorance of Switzerland in regard to the important fact of the re-organization of the republic in 1848, upon the base of the constitu- tion of the United States of America, it goes into # cavilling criticism upon the style and ; construction of the article, but winds up by | admitting the whole argument—the sacredness | of the right of asytum. It asserts, at the same | time, in order toipjare the force of the appeal, | what, unhappily, is disgracefully untrue—that the right of asylum is held as sacred in Swit- zyland a8 in Bogland, Unnoticed this mon- strous iniquity was in successful operation on the continent, but now that public attention has been calted to it, there is not a journal in E: land that would venture to sustain it—indeed, | I believe IT may say, in justice to the English | character-—would wish to do so. ‘The weekly press, which a3 a whole is much more liberal than the dailies, will speak to-mor- row, Saturday. 1 will send you copies if there is any thing worth while. The excitement in the republican world in re- ard to the appeal increases every day. Tho spanish Grand Lodge at Madrid holds at 'pre- sent the destinies of Spain. Its branch at Lon- don has taken the letter in hand, and having had it translated into Spanish, has ordered in different forms three editions. One for tho mail, to be put in the hands of every voter pre- | vious to the election of the Cortes, and tive thousand in illuminated letter, oa fine paper, for framing, to be accompanied by an eloquent and spirit-stirring appeal from the junta to the republicans of Spain. In Italian there are two editions, one with Sefli’s bold and stirring ad- | dress to his countrymen atiached, published on | tiesue paper in diamond type for the secret so- | cieties, where there is no has press. Oar minister Cass, at Rome, is, I learn, ex- céedingly unpopular in that city. His conduct during the republic is not forgotten by the con- quered republicans, and he has not been more | fortunate since with those whom he so fatally compromised himself to please, One of the first’acts of the Italian republic will be to order him out of the country as an Austrian ally. mesh Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Thursday, August 24, 1854, Curious Incutent at the Siege of Bomarsund —The French Elated at us Capture—Fcel- ing Excited hy Dr. Cottman’s Statements | with Regard to Russia— The late Personal Assault on General Pierce-—Dudley Mann's Mission to Eurepe—Affuirs of Captain | Gilson—The Spanish Revolution—Pros- | pects of Repurlicanism —Louis Napoleon's | Spanish Policy, &e., &e. The French journals are literally filled with extracts from the English, giving details of the siege of Bomareand, which, if you have not al- will doubtless bring you. Beyond the official despatches, nothing of a more interestiog des eription bas been glven from @ French source, if 1 except a letter published in the Moniteur de /a Flotte, stating that on the fire being re- opened on the western tower on the morning of the 14th, to the surprise of the French no | answer was returned, nor any movement made to indicate anything like commotién within, The beelegers, on this, ceased firing for a quar- ter of an hour, when they again commenced ; | but still with the same result—all was motion- less tranquility. On this the chasseurs rushed | in and took possession, when to their astonish- ment the beheld, huddled among the dying and the dead, thirty-five soldiers locked in the pbestial slumber of druskenness, who wore found to constitute the only living garrison of tho fortress. As you may imagine, the subject of this siege is all engrossing. The French amour propre— no very easy thing to satisfy always—is highly | \ gratified by the manner in which the thing has | been effected, and the testimony which the | English official despatches bear to the excel- | lent firing and general gallantry of their | army and fleet. To thom Baragasy d’Hil- | licrs almost seems to have done jt all— | he came, he saw, he conquered; and al- | ready anite walls are spokea of as mere bugbears, only requiring a little French skill and valor to make them fall like a house of cards, The Czar had better look to it—the | her chief magistrate and her chivf officials, | Capt Gibson’s, regarding the Dutob East Indies, | drid ‘at this moment, is concentrated the red | | party of all Europe, and the test of their suo- | | the Bourbon dynasty | assert rights long lost, but never forgotten. days of Cronstadt are nambered—and the tm- peria! cagle is already stooping over St. Peters burg. In the midst of the prevailing triumph, I am sorry to inform you that the Naw York Heratp—whoee articles on European polioy always excite great interest, aud which is | tered the House (bis age beiag unquestioned) generally Icoked upon with regard to Ame | rica as the Times is in reapeot to Eng- | land—is in sigeal disfavor. The prominent type which is given to the sayings, doings, spd negotiations of Dr, Cottman, they couceive to \n ply a thorough ideatification of sentim at on tte part of the journal ; forgetting its broad ano distinguishing characteristic—that of giv- ing fair ploy and free tcope to all opin‘oas, and from high and low, rich and poor-—there- jore there is a sound of Et tu Brute! The Euglish Quakers, they say, were toadies enough; but the worthy Doctor bangs Banna- gber. They do not cowplain of his opizions— those he bas a right to hold or publish as he pleases ; but in asserting that France, in com- mon witb England, has condescended to trump up accounts of Russian difficulties and diasters, and to take, as it were, a feather out of the wing'of tte famons Russian Lieutenant, who, with his single arm, half destroyed the allied | fleets at Oderea— the Doctor, by universal oon- sent, seems, with more valor than discretion, to heve taken all Europe by the barbe. Theu, again, they are not altogether content with the comparison which you have drawn | betwixt the personal safety of your Executive | and that which the chief magistrate of ['rance | has enjoyed. -In the French point of view—and | you must remember I give it solely as Freach— to administer to the Executive perhaps a poi- +oned bowl, a few inches of steel, a musket pall, or the murderous contents of some inf:raal machine, is to dignify even while it annihilates. Both the man and bis mission are alike promot- ed. But to pull so exalted a pereonage’s nose— to bespatter him with an @uf de pagne—a yel- low hard boiled egg—to smush his hat about his ears. is really to cast such utter indignity on his body that his life, unassailed though it be, is really deprived of its utility and highest purpose They think that America will be compelled at no very distant day to surround ways remained loyal to the Brit'sh monarchy, but took sorely to heart a slight received from one of tre governors of the cwlony, and was in hie latter d»ysextremely diesatisfied with the lo- cal m pagement of colonial affairs. Hs s0a en- at twenty, and started ust a little in advance of his father’s principles. One of his first pub- the Third and the English connection; and he bore arms with credit ia 1812 against the Unit- ed States, but was not long in breaking away from mi derate to violent opposition,aud 4 i- ly became leader of the As»embly—was finally Speeker after the death ot his father; and as the remonstrance of the French Caoadians fail- ed in moving Downing strevt to grant their de- mance in full, his tone gradually changed from one of attack on official cliques to the bold a3- sertion of independent and anti-Brittsh princi- ples. In fact, he justly cume to denounce the home government us the head, the colonial offi- cials only as the hands, of the system which he oppored. . The state of the country was one of incessant strife between the legislative and executive functions of the government; ard Louis Jozeph Earinges was tbe embodiment of the former and absolute master of the Assembly, and in Point of fuct cole representative of the people, for when his contemporaries ceased to be his minions they ce to be at all. His will became law amongst his fellow members—his voice a spell which bound the masses of his fellow ooantrymen in rapt atteation to its every modulation. Pa- piseau waa indeed as perfect a tribune of tue people as Rome herself ever prodused. The position which be attained was an extraordinary one—tbe despot of the Legislature and the pro- ecrited of the Executive. With the air of a wonerch, in the name of the Assembly. he despatched his diplomatic »gents to London. One of them, Roebuck, sat in the British Par- lament and received £1,000 a year as advo- cate for the Canadian Legislature, Lord Brougham was oue of his most active corres- pondents, wnd-if, like a Prince, he was repre- sented abroad by accredited agents, and in- wherever they are, with those factitious insignia, | which, in the infirmity of the human mind, are | found conducive. to respeot; and they think | that without this, able men of a country which | promises to be the greatest and most enduring | among the nations, will, in the end, be unwilling | to exhibit that hoporable ambition for her highest | lace abd more subordinate offices, which it is for the advantage of America they should | porsees. | But all this, perhaps, is mere floating gossip | and speculation, which only prove the ex- eceding ignorance of the French on matters | referring to a country so differently organized | from their own. } Mr. Dudley Mann is over bere, and it is | genra)Jy understood his object ia to press the claim of the government of the United States | on the Dutch government in that business of | ; which occurred some two yeare ago. A little | uarrel with Holland—a foe worthy of Mr. | Marcy’s steel—will be of a character somewhat | more dignified, at all events, than a miserable | ; business such a8 that of Greytown. I send you anarticle on the subject from the Echo | Universel of the Hague, which you will find | interesting. The accourts from Spain are of the most unfavorable kind. It seems to be evident thet the present government cannot bold on. It is already but a rope of aund. The | uestion is, what shape will next appear out of the political cauldron. The moderados are sinking every Gay; and this in spite of the pat- ronage and protection of Lord Howden, the | British Ambassador, who is koown, during O'Donnell’s difficulties, to have given him the shelter of bis domicil. On the otber hand, Mr. | Soulé, the American Minister, is unmistakeably on the alert, and by every means in his power | is lending a band to the leaders of the republi- cau party, which is daily increasing in numbers and influence. .The change which has occurred dering the last fortnight in public opinion is sad to be prodigious. The progressistys are bourly expanding into republicanism At Ma- } ces in Spain will be the impeachment of the Qucen-Mother, with whose dowafall will be as- sociated that of the Bourbon dynasty. Thore is a secret, though not avowed, boa be going | on betwixt the Eogtish and American influence, | and Mr. Soulé is working the game with his whole soul. Another question arises—what line Napolecn | is prepared to take. He Is known to be watch- | ing events with the deepest anxiety; but there | isno Bonapartist pert? in Spain. and under | euch circumstances, judging from his antecc- | dents, it is su that bis bias is rather with | Mr.Soulé than with Lord Howden; that he would rather the republican pr, succeded than that ould be coutinued, The republic once set on foot, may then be left to iteeif and its suicidal tendencies, when the French game of 1852 might be again enacted in Madrid, under the same fortunate auspices — which rendered it 80 successful in Paris, and a Boneparte take the lead. In tact, things generally seem to be coming to that pass so often pointed out in your jour- pal, when the cause of Turkey will forgot- ten in the general melée of Europe. Prussia is known to be excited to the highost dearee at | being chained to the despotic policy of Russia hy her Court, and should the republican fire | now lighting up in Spain reach her, with her heap of combustible matter, it is impossible to conjecture what may be the consequence. The Hames which burst forth in 1848 in Rome were trodden down and extinguished, but thelr em- bers are sti) het, and but a breath is nece: ; and perhaps while France, England aod Russia ; | are contendin for the mastery of Earope, li- berty, undcr the banner of republic, may BuRTIB, Our Quebce formed ly secret correspondents, in pis Speak- lic speeches was a glowing eulogy on George j younger playera It is to be feared he has | Gone Fo just ia time to aveid a fresh contest of | Taces spd a worse strife of aes. | It appears the inepector, Gen. Hiuoks, recently | when ie Upper Canuda, called the people of | Lower Canasa “a pricst-rivdem population.” | | His having done so is generally bel.eved, and | | hes received po authoritative contradictioa, | | Coupled with ‘be words of Mr. Ross, Solicitor | Gereral, East, to bis constituents, in reference | to the secularization of the Clergy Reserves, it | my fairly be inferred that the misistry are determined 10 secularize the Reserves at any price, and that Mr Hincke, desparing of Low- er Canadian support, intends throwing bimeelf into the arms of the “clear grits,” and oven to outbid Mr. Brown, of Toronto, in bis claims on Protestant sympathy. Front pe Bavr. Our Havara Correspondence. Havana, August 31, 1854, Approaching Departure of Generat Pezuela —Fine Time for the Slaves—How to Know a Ship in the Trade—Negroes Landed at Trinidad from an American Ship—Admir- able Working of the Spoils System— Trade Report—Rates of Freight and Exchange. ‘The few days preceding the departure of Ge- neral Pezuela and the arrival of General Concha will be taken full advantage of by those engaged in the African trade speculations, who have vessels about arriving on the south side— several being now due of those fitted out in the city of New York and at ports of the United States. It has been the complaint of many American seamen, from the bark Jasper to the brig Gray Eagle, that they have been frauda- «ntly shipped for slave voyages, &o., which I apprehend may not always be the fact. It isa very simple process to ascertain something of the intended voyage of a vessel, by the cargo yaken in, the water, &. If there is plenty of rum, the lumber and fittings of a berth deck, an extra caboose, or cocking apparatus for more than the usual crew, and any quantity of shackles stowed er’s chair he exercised the moet absolute sway From tbe printer of a tory journal or an obnox- ious pewepeper reporter, to the first persons in the country, po onc was free from summary arrest and impriconment under the Speaker’s warrent, during’ the sittiag of the Hogse. No document, even to the private memorandum book of the Governor, was sate from his search- ing inquiry. and in more than one instance he sohiena the arbitrary rejection of membors elected by the popular will; and pumerous were | the leasing officials of tne le! who fell be- | fore the indefatigable energy with which he | pushed on impeachment upon impeachment, | till his victim was at his feet. His action against the government consisted of a sys- tem of perpetual complaint and remonstraace, preeenting one grievance after another in re- gular succession, worrying and teasing the heavy eleepers of Downing strect, after the fashion of “the widow who prevailed by im- portunity,” till some minor abuse was re- dressed, or some victim thrown like Jonah to | ‘the whale ”’ of the Assembly; then rallying his party with the cry of “victory” ani pushing | on afresh. - At last the extreme verge of concession is reached ; Papineau stops the supplies. For four years he blockades the Excoutive in vain; | he rusbes. into rebellion; the rebellion is crushed-—but it costa Joho Bull ten millions of | dollars. He buttons up his breeches pocket, | says he will pay po more “for rows in those | colonies—better sink ’em in the sea than that,” and grants responsible government. The new system had its struggles, like all new systems; but eventually it worked “ Papineau-wards,” and now the old commander retires from the strife, and leaves the spoil to the camp followers, The grounds on which Papincau’s character is chiefly asperred are three. His eneaies mostly impugn hie personal courage ; secondly, he is charged with utter recklessness of asser- tion, in attacking opponents ; and thirdly, with an imperious and egotistical self-will. I’or the first, Papineau commenced his career when the whole patronage of the country was in the hands of a bureaucracy formed either of the de- scendants of refugee royalists from the United States, or British “red tapists” sent ont from London, under aristocratic protection or Down- ing street ivfluence. avd when the fashion was to regard the I’rench Canadians as a race of Helots. Under these circamstanoes, the mau who aspired to be the liberator of the Canadian race coukl only be a professed man of peace, or @ perfect revival « ghtlog Fitzgerald ;” for he would have been tempted (?) to a “ hos- tile meeting” by every living soul who held office or wanted one, and his surviving three months on honorable (1) principles would have added another to the “ wonders of tbe world.” Papineau, therefore. accommodated himself to his position; and, amidst the howls of public officials and exccrations of public i | { | | t offenders, deliberately refused to be sent | to the next world to oblige the holders of pelf and power. The next charge | ia his conduct in the rebellion, certain- ly suspicious enongh. He was charged with running sway at the advance of the troops apd retreating to a place of safety; bat he was the civil head of .the movement—Wol- fred Nelson and others its military leaders. No one accused Koseuth during his temporary po- pularity in America because ho did not smell powder during the Hungarian revolt, and | { | | | by gt gent surgeon who defeated Col. Gore and British regular troops at St. Denis, with a loss of nearly one-fifth of their men and aficld piece. For the seoond charge, from all the epeeches of Papineau’s which I bave either heard or read, I should infer that far more is drawn from fact than fancy: and as for charge three, why, a man who feels that he is the soal of a popular movemeat. and that ths populace confide in him, and in him alone, will naturally assume the attitode of a dictator towards those Correspondence. Quevec, Sept. 1, 1854. Rumored Retirement of Papineau from Pub- lie Life--4 Sketch of his Career—The Hincks Policy and Clergy Reserves It is universally said, and without contradic- tion, that Papineau, ex-leader of tne insurrec- tion of 1837, is about to retire from his public career of about forty years’ duration, and, like the Cincinnatus of popular orators, retreat to his country estate of Petit Nation, on the Octa- wa, north of Montreal. The life of this man has been co interwoven with the past history aud future prospects of Canada, that it is remarkable in many respects, particularly in that be acbioved for himself a Europeaa reputation. I myself, when on the other side of the At- lantic, shortly after the Canadian revolt, saw pictarea and busts of Papineau, both in France and England, when it was morally impossible to obiain anything worth calling a map of Ca- nada in cither country; and I noticed that the name of the insurgent leader was correctly pro- nounced and eagerly mentioned by people who were not at all certain which of the British colonies the revolt he had instigated happened to be in. This alone would chow him to be no ordinary man, and I think a slight historical sketch may be allowed on his rotiremont from the buey arena of politica, The name of Papinean does not belong to the old titled nobility ef France, but is much res- | pected in Canada, where the family have long been wealthy selgniors, greatly respected by the French Canadian race, and, indeed, ag pri- vate persons, by their contemporaries and fellow citizens generally. Mr. Papineau’s father was Speaker of the Arsembly of Lower Canada, and | abighly loyal subject of the British crown; in- deed, in the invasion of Cana ia by Montgomery ord Arnold, he endangered hia life in success ully conveying intelii.ence of importance to ‘he garrison of Quebec, The old gentloman al- yclitlcal nunc dimittis, and loave the game to | fessional who have to follow in his wake or remain io Obscurity. At the same time, it would be an error to suppose that Pappincau, unareisted, would have been the troublesome and expensive subject the British monsroby has found lim tobe. Henever wrote a line for publication or framed an act of Pgh ay in his lifo, but merely dictated euch matters to his myrmidons. His wea- pon was his tongac, and as he was never coutredicted by any one who could get. Papincan affirms that his conduct was dictated | awoy among the ballast, it is pretty good evi- dence that the vessel is intended for the African coast for a cargo of slaves, which items can always be ascertained before the vessel leaves a northern port, if the sailors are sober when shipped. Any one of these features would jus- tify investigation for the ascertainment of the others, Iam to-day informed of the safe introduction of 626 negroes. near Trividad, by an American built versel, fitted out ia New York, it is said, some time in January last, and left early in Feb- ruary. Nume and officers not given. She was to have been burnt, upleas she could get to sea immediatly after landing her negroes, which may have taken place. I shall not know until the next steamer arrives at Batamanao, from Cube and Trinidad. It is amusing—the quantity of freedom with which speech is garnished in the two days past, asto the merits of departing greatness. Mr. Pezuela is spokes ofas one demented, or villian, or foo), as may suit the gist, the occasion, or the speaker. It is now openly asserted that all the offices of trust and gain in the island which have been given forth uuder this administration, has been the job work of the under secretaries of the government, for which they have been id by the person appointed through their in- uence, in pi ion to the value of the pluce; the highest bidder for the given place having, ef course, the best qua'ifications for the peculiar duties of the office—the first thing under the shadow and sanction of the law to fleece the community where you are to be located. This influence secms to be made the teat of merit, in some cases, under your pure government at Washington; but even such high sanction for official crime will not serve to justify the *Sancbo Panza” administration of Cuba. I Lear many say, that as soon as the fears of ex- } cifcment abate under the return of the favorite chief of Cuba, he will probably become | ul popular with the fighting tribe of the nation —-the Cutalana, That may bo the case, for that branch of “ the race” are not remarkable for honesty of consistency, eave a their own in- terests impel them. The Marquis de la Pezucla has ordered the steamer “ Fernando el Catolico” to be reaty for sen evening of Saturday, the 2d of Sep- tember; and I am informed that he will un- doubtedly take pa:caze in her, not wishing to undergo the mortitication of personal de- livery of his power to another, departure will be much more tify ing to the people than that of Canedo; and if curiosity induces | any besides the officers of his military famil: | to witness it, Ifear the groans and hisses wil | be scorpions to his repose for the voyage, The excitement which at one moment seemed preg- nant with mischief, happily terminated with- out any incident prejudicial to the public peace or the personal saicty of the Marquis—atten- tion being diverted at the right moment to pre- parations for the reception ot General Concha, } | which will be made as ma; nt ascan be | accomplished by the wealth and taste of our | citizens. | . The government Gazette of yesterday gave } the royal orders for relief of present Cap- | tain General, and ‘the appointment of General | Concha in his place, “ being well satisfied with the zeal avd loyalty” of the first ~in the dis- charge of bis duties;” .also, a few notices of foreign and Spanish intelligence. We all con- sider that for faithful observance of the treaties between England and Spain, for closing the trede with the coast of Africa, that Concha is a far better man than Pezuela, demonstrated by his poweriul and politic action in the case of Brig. Gen. Juan de la Pavia, Governor of Httle of thin iniquity. wee originated and com ttle of this ry was 01 and con- summated during his attfaiveretion. the high tone and moral character of the man bring @ very efficient aid in the strong admin- istration of the law. With all his keenness ofremarks and powertfal paper y. General Pezuea has found no one to punish save Zulue- ta, whom he allowed to get away; and the charges against that person were instituted pre- vious to his arrival by Canedo, goaded to his duty under the sharp appliances of the British Conenl, ond only kept to it by constant watching. The only punishments visited upon the active ogents of slavery have been and are in process the cer of the audience, his orations have been sermons on political affairs, and to this hour he retutus the manner and sty le of pulpit rhetoric. As fer their merits, the style is more graceful than forcible, and more pompous than majes- be his command wd phe: Mpeg 7 ond lis memory perfectly astonishing. He in- dolgye not unfrequently te wholesale ry, as in the instance of a French treatise on agrionl- ture, which, it is eaid, took bim two hours in the delivery, and which it appeared he had reed over But once previous to its adoption! The virtue of his oratory, smooth and copious as it is, was simply his power of appealing to the hearts of his gountrymen, pro- vo greatest, as it fs the only traly va- Inable, quality eta en apeaker. For his re- dundexce of words, it is proved by the fact that he would walk about from early in the mornin, till late at night, perpetually holding fort from house to house, and street to street, and corner to corner, and keep the peasantry and workmen of his race drinking in his words dur- ing the whole of his addresses. At all events, he has ashieved by far the proudest position of any man in this country. When he commenced public lifo it was a disqualification for office to be a Canadian, even of the highest Frenob fa- miles; aad as for the lower orders, they used to uncover at the sight of an English- man, and yield the pathway, in all weathers, as, submissively as the Greek (pro- vicus to the revolt of the Morea) was wont to give the wall to his Turkish aggressor. He has lived to see this revereed; hix people, the | most. powerful and the most courted of any tionality in Canada, and his princtples prac- tienl]y trampbant. Accustomed from ctild- hood ‘to comparative wealth, and covetous of a distinotion which he hoe attained, it is ssarcely strenge that be sbould now cheerfully sing his | +f being administered in the United States, aided materially by information furnished b; your correspondents, by which the public offi- ciala may, if they choose, often derive advanta- geous intimations where to look for the perpe- trators of cr:me. The arrival of a brig from River Zaza should have before this brought to your port the captain of the Julia Wister, which, asI reported to you, landed a cargo of slaves to the east of Trinidad, and was burned. The health of the troops which arrived from Porto Rico, from the injudicious orders of Gen. Peguela, bas been bad, and many have fallen victims to the dread vomito, y have been shut np inthe barracks of the city, and on guard duty every forty-eight hours, which is enough to kill acclimated persons or natives. Bur ines continues as you are advised by last steamer, with diminished aotivity. Freights same, and no vessels for the little waiting to be done. Exchange nominal at rates of last ad- vices. No transactions the past two days, of consequence. Napa Mas. Our Boston Correspondence. Boston, Sept. 9, 1854. The New Theatre—Some Account of the Origin of the Drama in Boston—Building of the Federal Street Theatre—The Hay- market—The Tremont Theatre—Its His- tery. Career, and Managers—Decline of the Drama—Mr. Shales and the No-Haired Horse—Close of the Tremont, and its Con- version into a Temple. Our new theatre, the Boston, will open on next Monday, Sept. 11, under the management of Thomas Barry, Beq., a gontleman most fu- vorably known to the world, both in his pro- capacity and asa citizen, Perhaps, es there is little of taterest in public affaiss Bow going on, and as there is always come- thing pleasing about “dramaticals,” even wher their history is not very graceiully written, I could not do avything better than give some sccount of what has been done in Boston ia theatrical matters “from the begianing.” Te some, what I shall have to state most probably will not be new, but to others it may be go; while to all, from the nature of the subject, it must present some features of interett. The Puritanical obaracier of New Kagiwda long bad an adverse effect on the drama bere, The first settlers of the country shared fully in those sentiments of abhorrence to the stage that led the English Roundheads to shut up the theatres, and to drive away the actors, The stage was looked upos, in Boston, as well as in London, as & vory especial device of Satan’s to secure the possession of immortal souls. Still there is such a fondness for dramatic amusements in all communities, that as far back as the last years of the seventeenth (17th) century stage were talked of as things likely to be introduced into Boston. But they do not seem to have been attempted until moré than sixty yeass later. About the middle of the last century they were introduced here, and Otway’s “Or- phar” had the honor of being the first Performed in Boston. It was acted at the’ coffee house on King (now State) street—e le- locality where the part of Shylock has often been played since—with great success. The per- formers were two young Englishmen and some Bostonians, The General Court promptly pessed a law to prevent repetitions of such conduct. This was in 1750, and though there were ‘subsequently some private theatricals had, all attempts to procure the law’s repeal, or to have public performances, were unavail- ing, until 1775-6, when the British offices, then commanding s besieged army, performed. at Faneuil Hall a piece called “The Bloékade of Boston,” written by Gen. Burgoyne, whe was soon te figure so prominently in real tra- ig Geb allas cal ot tbe piece was to ridicule the besiegers, but the jest was soon converted into a bitter one, at the performers’ expense. Other plays were acted by the officers in the same venerated buildings, one of them beiag “Zara.” These procvedings did not tend te make the English more popular. The shock ve by the eccurrence of the revolution to all received opinions had its effect on the drama. The Jaw against dramatic ca- tertainmenta was evaded, under the sanotien of not a few of the best people of the town, and in 1792 (10th August) there was opened what was eailed the New Exhibition Room, which had been beilt by some wealthy persona. It wasin what is now Hawley street, thea known as Bread alley. It was under the manage ment of Mr. . Harper. Monsioer Fiscae bo of eel Gon en 0 eae jancing, singing, feats of activity, mong the attes were ae Minuet de ny Cour and the Gavot, things much better known to the grand- mamas of our belles than to the belles them- selves. I wouder they did not introduce the stately Pavon. At first, plays were not performed, but finally they were commenced, under the name of Moral Lectures, The first was Garrick’s “Lethio,”? which was followed by “Venice Preserved,” other standard plays. This roused the fans! and strenuous efforts were made to put to the lectures. Gov. Hancock wasat the head of the opposition. The attempts to enforce the law, which was no lop; were very energetio, ta: Sloe of moma higher law prevailing. The exhibitioa reom proved sosucceseful that it was resolved to crest anew building,by an aseociation of distinguished gentlemen. This edifice became quite famous as ir beng etreet en ae was Opened en e 3d of February, , managers being Charles Powell and Mr. Baker. The first plays acted in it were “Gustavus Vasa”’ and “Modern Antiques.” Among the company were Snelli: Powe)) and his wife, who are still eaciiater here, Mrs. Powell surviving until the close of 1843. Performances were given on three evea- ings of each weck, and the theatre was veg ruceesaful. The gecond season ended in the bankruptcy of Mr. C.S. Powell, then sole mana- ger. Management was then taken by Ocl. J.8. gentleman, who the bu: before the close ot the 6. to build a new theatre, aad it. It was called the Berea bg reihg lamp gp the means of causing a large asec! goed actors in Boston. There was a great deal of competition and ill feeling, and the Federal street was compelled to reduce its prices, Bat little money was made by either house, In 1798, 24 of February, just four years after its opening, the Federal street was destroyed by fire. Me. Cooper made his first appear- ance in Boston at the Haymarket, Juty 27, 1798, as Hamlet. The Federal street having been rebuilt, was on the 29th ef October, 1798, Mr. Hodgkinson, who had engaged a company. The season was short and the management paseed into the hands of Mr. G. L. Barrett, whose son Georgé—“gen- tleman Ce cianar out in a child’s part on the 14th of ober, 1798. This was the eem- mencement of 2 dramatic carcer destined to be sinays dicdingulahed by the display of ealarat always distin; e e talent. The new theatre endured for more than half a century, and was tora down only two years since. Mr. Barrett withdrew was succeeded by Mr. C. K. Whitlock, who out, among other novelties, “Pizarro.” _ P. spirit ran high, anda ap | in ‘Lock and Key,’ speaking of the bravery of the English sailera, gave much offence to one portion of the audé ence and led to rows. Whitlook failed, losing several thousand dollars. In 1808 Merers..S. Powell and Harper took the theatre which was tolerably successful. The ket continued to be occasionally opened all this time. and so injured the other house. Mr. Snelling Powell took the theatre in the autumn of 1802, and kept.it for four years, prev- ing very fortunate. John Bernard commenced Pigg bed in the soaron of 1893-4. In 1895 Mr, Powell associated Beroard and Dicksea with him in the management. The Federal street had tolerable fortune after this for years, until the erection of the Tremont, whi proved too much for the old concera. Many of the moet brilliant actors of the age appeared there—Cocke, Kean, Fennell, Cooper, Hlaccea- dy, J. W. Wallack, Booth, Forrest and others. aces eared twent Pbocgg pdt Be there also ap) ner, Finn, Inc! ‘ate thewe, Clara Fisher,’ the Tiaabling, Brown, el the Pelbys, er, Faulkner, Brag, and many more. The stock company was always pood. Powells, Berard ond Dickson were alone sufficient to make a good theatre. Snelling Powell died 8th of April, 1621. His character stands high in all respects, It was at the Federal streets that the famous Kean riots took place—and very foolish a8 well as brutal affairs they were. There were variousactors of eminence concesned in the management of the house during its last ears—Kilner, Clarke, Duff, Finn aad Mra Lowell being of the number. The Haymarkot theatre was demoliched is 1823, but its place was taken by the oity OP ag den was ‘om t there peel in Boston, at the clove of 1823, with Fi ‘af Logic and Barrett as Co rintbian Tom. There was much good acting at the City, as there also had been at the Hag- market, “The Cataract of the Ganges,” woiok was a great affuir in its day, was brought ont there. The idea of having a new theatre seems te have grown out of the Kean riots, and was de- veloped by rome difficulties which Mr. Pelby had with Mess Kilner acd F'snn, then mana. gers of the Federal etreet. A company wag formed early in 1627, and subsequently incor. porated as “stockholders of the Tremont the- atre.” The company embraced some of the “firet men” of the city. The corner atone of the new house was laid on the 4th of July, 1827,