The New York Herald Newspaper, September 10, 1854, Page 4

NEW YORK HERAL JAMES GORDON BESSEre, PWOPRRIEDOK aND B01. OR | Polttival Perties In the Unitod tates, ~ | One of our exchange papers | es she follow- ing paragraph reepecting politics im Maine at the present time : fasion whign, lewpersne f Vane cnantat of SPFICE N. W.CORNER OF NARSAU AND FULTON BTS. Ge mverata Mort 1 \enraske. pes Eres mn eeveere i t-Nebrae @ eri! dewma- E DAIL HERALD 2 cents per copy—91 per envaumn uson free so era, "Book aad ladder THE WEEKLY HERALD every Saturday at 64 conte ot . oe ane oe ser copy, or © per annum ; the B mB peran- di weers's, avd mary oth Sinteh Kak ro teclate oes any partof the) ayia eny goats the iden thera br f sketoh wut tosh to te clude postowe : : : 7 NO NOTICE token oy yous communications Wede of she various po! ti al p rti sw ieh pave pre- ast reiucn those rejected . n VOLUN CORRESPONDENCE. containing or | vsiled in th» United 8 stes, mey not be uofa- d from any muarter 2, wort ¥ 4 Sauer ite, ‘Lim “ae Oun Poumon Conassron’ | teresting to the readers of the Huratp, partion- oe APE PARTICOULAKLY KRQUESTRD TO MEAL ALL Laerres as Pecxaces gunn ce JOB PRINTING executed with neatnesr, cheaper teh. ang | Wily to thove whose recollec ions do not extead &\ beyond the forma ion of the present national | perties whic» have divided the people of the | United States for the last twenty years. Duing ‘be Am rican revolution the only pok tical parries known were those of whigs aud vories—the former, comprising the great magsof Foseme XXI... ++H@e 948, AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING CASTLE GARDEN,—Hu>vay Concent vy Dovvonrn'e | Bann. erties AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. GQasTLE GARDEN-Nonma BROADWAY.—Ornerio—As Like as Two Pras and the latter, few in number, calling them- BOWERY THEATRE, Bowsry- Lovea—Warar Winches . js the yoke of the British goverom-nt. After the war, tbe tories mingled witn the parties that were aflerwards formed, some of them jeining the federalists, an» others becoming part of the republican or democratic party. The federal party on the firmation of the constitution of the United Srates by a coaven- SPALO'S— Trews Rora-Divenrisewenr Warvre. BUSTOs’S Heane axp TArLs—SweerneaRTs AND Wives TIONAL THEATRE Chathsm street—Minpy Asnone = WON AND #AMINE & LAD IN GRE WONDERFUL Lany WALLACKS’—Weane avo Tare Porriy wn PAEXOMENON IN A SvOOK Pha;K. arone AMPRICAN MUSBUM.—Afernoon-Laxo Mx Five | tion of delegates at Philedelphia, in 1787, The Porator Hisorsne ay rnoxy.—Svemag—Loas oF 4 | saontion of the constitution by the several States, in conventions of delegates eitled for that purpose. was carried after severe contests in some of the States, and nearly uo. in others, The frends of the con sumed the name of federalists, whi nents were called anti-ivderalis the state of parties when the constitution went into operation in 1789. The natioual govern- ment, although one of doliber: BSeNs, 6D countered from its formation a powerful oppo- sition. ton were at the head of the fr stitution when the first administration wa, formed. In the first Congress here was a con- siderable niimber of members who had opposed the adoption of the constitution by taeir respective Siates. In addition to these there were some members who had supported the OOD’! MINSTREL Hall 444 Broadway~-Ermoran BMevornecoy any Buaizeque Oreas SUCKLEY’S OPERA HOUSE, 589 Brosdway.—Bvex- uearv's Ermiorian Orena Taoves MECHANICS’ HALL, No. 472 Brondwa; ero gLey. STUYVESANT INSTITUTE, No, 659 Broadway.—Savo wonn’s Orana Taovre. Nuero Miy- FRA~CONT’S HIPPODROME, Madison equare.—Eques- va" PrAvoRmances. nd ROGERS’ CIRCUSSES—Barruny. "dew York, Sunaay, September 10, 1852. ine News. ds of the con- MORTALITY OF THE ClTY. Acorrding to the offi ial repert of the City In- spector there were 732 deaths in this metropolis last week, being 90 lees tian the week precediag. The excessive heat of the last ten days, and th2 @ontinual absence of rain, has had a deleterious ‘effect upon hohe pep nisy sia beret the! constitution in the natioual aud State coavea- aggregate mortality of the week is .ess toaa former | ,; é fea Gahan : ty yexthecanses hare multpied, as we find by | i008 Dut now, from various cuusos—pringpaly, the report that the total number of deaths is dis | 7°WeVer, ‘rom & desire to sustain themselves tributed torough pinety-one diferent diseases. And | 14 their own States or districts, where the con- 2is not at aliremarkable under the circumstances | stitution was deemed unpopular—joised the that the cholera should have slightly increased. | opposition to the admlvistration ot Washing- ‘The ceaths by this disease were 129, being thirteen | ton. Among these may be mentioned Mr. Ma more thav daring the previous week. A great and gratify iog faliipg off in the mortality among children is obse vabie, The week ending ‘id inst. the deaths | Mr, Baldwin, of Georgia, and others. ef chiidsen under ten years of age numbered 516—last week dat Of the total number of deatts there were 8 of atrophia, 60 of cho- era infantum, 8 of cholera morbus, 66 of con dison, oi Virginia; Mr. Langdon, of New Hamp: shire; Doctor Williamson, of North Carolina; Thas was formed what was afterwards call publican party, the name of ai being disavowed by those who declared them- sumpticn, 44 of convulsions, 15 of congestion | Selves friendly to the coustitation. It should ofthe brain, 51 of diarrboa, 20 of dropsy in the | be noticed that this republican party was form head, 39 0! dysentery, $1 of fevers of all kiads, 10 of | ed before Mr. Jefferson returned from France hooping cough, 12 of inflammation of the brain, 9 | The first session of the first Congress, which of inflammation cf the lungs, 38 of marasmus, aud | was held atNew York, occupied nearly six 7 of teething. There were four deaths from casual: | months—from the early part of April to the ties, two drowned, two suicides, two murders, eleven | 99+ of September, 1789. Mr. Jefferson return- premature births, and twenty-seven cases of still: | 04 froma mission to France in November, 1789, born. One hundred atd twenty-four deaths o- * "i > curred in tie public institations, whi.b are included 0) absumod thy oes ee Recretary of Btate fa the total. 420 were natives of the United State, | 12 March, 1790, while the first Congress was 165 of Ireland, 100 of Germany, and 14 of England. | holding its second session at New York, parties THE WEATHER. having been already formed at the previous ces- The prevalence of lightning last eveniag cansed | session,and the opposition called republican,act- B gencial Suspension of telegraphing, thereby cuc- | ing under the leadershipof Mr. Madison Wito tailing our te e graphic advices from all parts of the | this opposition party Mr. Jefferson immediately country. We hada slight fall of rain, too—a ve: sympathized, from his dislike to the strong slight fall—bardly enongh to lay the duat— measures, tending to consolidation, recommend- ee we Saararenes.. However, shave was ed by Washington, Hamilton, and other leaders every appearance of a .ontinuous rain, and we wi m . evuld only hope that it might not prove deceptive. of the federal Party. Mr. Jefferson did not hesi- There was a heavy storm at Albaay yesterday about | ‘ate to call the federal leaders monarchists noon, to the great Joy of everybody. A deluge | 82d hence acknowledged the propriety of deno- would not be usexo ie in this regi minating his own political friends—the oppo- p nents of Washington’s administration—republi- cans. In the first Congress parties were nearly equally divided. The opposition elected John Langdon, of New Hewpshire, President pro tem. of the Sonate, aud Frederick A Mublen- berg, of par: age Speaker of the House ‘ 3 alluded to, may he mM our correspondents don. Paris and Boston; Murder zen at Hong Kong; The French on the Annexation of Cuba; Nev cal I ligence, embracing the of Repreeentatives: bu\ they were chosen in the first part of the first seasion, when party lines were not strictly drawn. The Washing- ton administration were enabled to carry all Democ tio Conrentie Ne » Com }; Advertisements, co., NEWS PROX V: from Caz responde Who forward through both houses of Congress. The federalists continued to call their oppo- nents anti-federalists, by which they meant two letters from our cor- tace, dated on the Sd and In these we have the pees oe \acnhrarel pesca tg enemies to the coustitution, until the year | property, the jon, UD)’ tion, 709 ‘ . mearchy, and almost vivil dissolution which have 1793, when Citizen Genet arrived in this country as the first ambassadot from the existed in the rep © since the adveat of the French republic. The opposition to the admi- Monages dynasty to power. The government had celeb: ated the evonts of the deaths of Generals | nistration of Washington warmly sympathized Cbacin and Garces with great pomp. They were | with the French republicans, and received slain in & sanguinary battle fought at Conduto. | Genet with open arms; although he songht to Monagas had levied a forced lcan of half a million | inyolye the United States in a war with Great of peaarte any Letiets versie subscribe | Britain, and issued commissions to vessels of ‘was immedi arrested on a charge of conspiracy. i ‘bere are so fe rec details of ‘hie ate battles in ibaa bd esate tt wens ig Tometliehe the province of Carabobo. There remained no SERS: She Encinas oF “raiee. Te bee sa doubt bit Monagas would ultimately smotier all have been expected in France that the United sppcartion, as be had the fali support of the black | States would engage on its side, from treaty portion of the people. Geueral Jose Tadeo Monagas | Stipulations or inelination, against England: d been elected President. A bloody battle had | Washington and his Cabinet were of opinion fougtit near Valencia, where the patriots re- | that this country was not bound to take pars in ‘tained possession of the field until the arrival of | 9 war begun by France; and in April, 1793, the large reinforcement under General Silver caused | celebrated proclamation of neutrality, by Pre- to retire. A vivid description of the political } cident Washington, was issued, which hes been ints and executive oppressions of the people is | 414 guide of the nation ever since in affairs Y with foreign nations. Mr. Genet was said to have introduced into this country the igea of “democratic » F APFAIRS IN GUSTEMALA. A very interesting letter from our Guatemala spondent will be found in another column, conteining the official correspondence that has | which were first formed in the United Passed between the representative of the Belgian | States about this time, in imitation of government and the government of the republic, in | ine Jacobin clubs in Paris. After the coer £0 the Duigte®, setemeans Of Getto Disease 1 4571 | of. Ta paeaete | Wie) Glut, | Oe The correspondence gives a sacciact history of the difficulty, and is well worth perusing, CHARGE OF SMUGGLING. ‘The persons churged with smuggling diamonds and jewelry on board the steamship Washington, ‘on ber la-t voyage from Bremen to this port, were brought before Commissioner Morton yesterday. The articles seized are of the value of over twelve and dollars. The defendants were ordered t» é bail in five thousand dollars to answer. Ano- er passenger in the Washington, charged with ggling gilt braid and spangles, was placed un secret societies, fell into disrepute both in France and America, From this time the fed eralists stigmatized their political opponents as “democrats;” but they always refased to ac knowledge the name, and called themselves “republicans” and their opponenis “ tories,”’ “monarchiats,” or “aristocrats,” according to circumstances. Some of the violent federalists called their opponents “jacobina,” but the name never grew into general use. It is to be ob- $25: bonds, The master of tho brig Ippogriff, | SeTVed that Mr, Jefferson in his writings never is charged with smuggling silks, velvets, &c., | USe8 the name of “democrat” as applied to his ~eibe value of between ten and fifteen thousand | political friends, but uniformly culls them “ re- @ollars, and who was imprisoned in default of ten | publicans.” The federalists, however, always and dollars bail, yesterday gave the required | called them, in derision or otherwise, “demo is, and was relea-ed from custody. crate; and these terms o! ‘‘federalists,” “re- LAW courRTs. A ” ” i publicans,” and “demoerats” continued in nse Walker divorce trial, ia which, it will be re- until after the close of the war with Great , the jury were unable to agree, will a0! ane aa ‘ 4 Britain, in 1815, awd the election of Mr. ‘The matter, by consent of parties, has % / a t ‘ Monroe to the Presidency, in 1816, when before a referee. STATE OF THR MARxers, a dissolution of the old parties gonr- ‘ands Southern flour yesterday were | Tally took place, and what was called barrel lower. State and Western | “the era of good feelings’’ took place, and con les of ail kinés moderate. White | tinued until the Presidential election of 1824 We must here allude to the formation of local and personal parties connected with poli. tics in several of the States, after the election (er gallon, and closed firm. Sugars of Mr. Jefferson to the Presisency in 1801 , and sold to a fair extent at fall prices, | Such parties arore in verions States where the to the extent probably of 500 a 600 J Tepublican or democratic party were in the Prices were heavy. majority, but did not assume much importance . Indinn corn sold freely, closed at 830. a 83hc.. which is one abelf cont lowe. Whiskey went | (Burr,) acd bis frienda | called “Clintonia:s” and “®Baur-ites,” the people, being favorable to the revolution; | Ls this State, Co one! Avron Burr was the ac- pare excert in the Sate of New York. | demorracy became @iesatisfied with Jackson’s edimi: istration, and took the name of “ State knowledged bader of the repoblican party. | rights meu,” some of whom joined the whixs, Is copsequenre of ap equa’ vote between him | and others returned to the democratic party ano Jeffir-oa, it became the aug of the Hou-e of Repr sentatives in Congrere as the constitu- tien then ¢tood, ‘0 decide whch of the two republigao candidates thou be President. The federstists supperted Burr, and the repub- licans voted for Jeffer-on—end aller » pro- tracted-contest Jefferson was oho-en President, and Bur: of course was declared Vice-President, This affair caused a division in ihe republican party of New York. George Clinton, De Witt Clinton, Judge Speneer, Morgan Lewis, the Livingstone, and other leading republicans en- tring the lists against the Vice-President, Parties were then and Barr attemping to ren for Governor against Morgan Lewis in 1804, was com elled® rely mainly on selves loyalists, were opyosed to throwing off | tho federalists for support. The consequence was the political prostraton of Burr and the litle bane of republicans who supported him. Subsequently, the repeblicans fell out with Governor Lewis, but a few of his politics! friends adhered to him, and the federalists en- deavored to ru:tain bim, but he was easily protrated by the superior popularity of Daniel D. Tompkiu-, woo was then a young man, and Judge of the Supreme Court. He was tbe republican party, headed by De Wits Clinton and Judge Ambrose Spencer, and it is a oarious fact that these same leaders were engaged years afterwards in a crusade against Tompkins; De Witt Clinton be- ing toe successful candidate against him for Washington, Jonn Adams and Hamil- Governor in 1820, Inthe contest of the repub- licon:party with Governor Lewis, in 1807, the few republicana who adhered to the Governor were called “ Lewisites.” of Colonel Burr, who were always active in politics, retained the name of “Burrites.”” In 1812 DeWitt Clinton was the favorite can- didate of the republican party of New York for President, and he was nominated for that high oftice by a large majority of the republican members of the Legislature. Mr. Madison, however, received the nomination of the caucus of the republican members of Congress at Washington, and war having, been dectared with Great Britain, Mr. Madison was consider- ed the war candidate, and Mr. Clinton, who re- ceived the support of the federalists in this and other States, was called the peace party can- didate. The friends of Clinton in this State were called “Clintonians,” and his opponents “Madisenians.”’ The success of Mr. Madison in bis re-election to the Presidency, and the triumph of the repubiican party generally, threw Mr. Clinton and his republican friends into a small minority in this State. In 1817, however, in consequence of the election of Governor Tompkins to the Vice-Presidency, Mr. Clinton was brought forward as the friend of the construction of the Erie and Champlain canals, and was consequently nominated and elected Governor. Immediately after his election an opposition was organized in the democratic ranks against bim—this-opposition being led by Martin Van Buren. A majority of the degymracy of the city ot New York joined in @@ opposition, and thg party opposed to Clinton soon became koown as “bnektails,”” the symbol of the Tammany society, which’ was the great focus of the democracy in thix part of the State. The name “bucktail” bo came one of general application to the oppo nents of Clinton throughont the State, while his friends, whether republicans or federalists, were call. d “Clintonians.” The great mass of the old democratic party were opposed to Clintoa, while the largest proportion of his supporters had been of the federal party. There were several local names applicd to the bucktail or, democratic party in this city, such as “ Mariling men,” from the reme of the keeper of the democratic headquarters, &o term ‘“ Coodies”’ was applied to the fow ists who joined the democrats during the war with Great Britain, in 1812. Hugh Maxwell is a living representative of the “Coodies,” a small party which were remarkably fortunate in obtaining office, at various times, frem the people, or by appointment. As time rolled on there was nothing remark- able to notice in the history of parties and party names, until the year 1823, when the presidential election approaching, Judge Ogden Edwards, of this city, in order to defeat Martin Van Baren, in a bargain he was supposed to have made to give the electoral votes of this State to the Jate William H. Crawfvrd for President, started the idea of transferring the choice of electors from the Legislature, who had previously cho- sen them, to the people. Hence arose “the people’s party,” so called, the leaders of which in the Legislature of 1824 were Gen. James Tallmadge avd Henry Wheaton. This party succeeded in giving most of the electoral votes of the State in 1824 to Adams, and in electing De Witt Clinton and James Tallmadge to the offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The election of Clinton ruined the people’s party eventually, as a large portion of the party had been “bucktails,” and opposed to Clinton in former years. To cap the climax, Clinton came out for Gen. Jackson for Presi- dent, and of course threw the people’s party into confusion. After re-electing bim Governor in 1826, with a Legislature opposed to him, the people’s party was broken up, some going for the re-election of Adamsas President, and others for the election of Gen. Jackson. The Adams men were subsequently called “national republi- cans;” but when joined by seceders from the Jackson ranks, in 1833 and 1834, they adopted the name of whigs. The “anti-masonic” party arose in the western part of New York in 1827, It was founded on opposition to free masonry, and extended into most of the miidle and east- ern States, After an existence of ten or twelve Years it gradually became merged in the whig party. In 1829 there was organized in the city of New York, and afterwards in Philadelphia, » party called the “ workingmen’s party,” which at one time threatened to do great mischief to the Jackson democratic party; but the working- men soon became divided, some of them going with Frances Wright and Robert Dale Owen for the adoption of the doctrines of the English in- fidels and radicals, and others co-operating with the national republicans or whigs. The work- ingmen’s party became the basis of the ‘loco focos”’ or “equal rights party,” which was organized by the radical democracy at Tam many Hiall, in October, 1835, at a meeting where loco feco matches were ured tosupply the place of the lights in the hall, which had been extinguished. When General Jackson was elected Presi dent, his supporters claimed the namo of democrats,” which had been a term rejected hy the republicans in Jefferson’s and Madison’s time. In the Southern States some of the’ brought forward by the Cliuton portion of The personal friends during Van Baren’s administration, While Vav Buren was President, the democrats who ds pproved of the Sub-Treasury scheme were called “ courervatives,” wany of whom joived the whig party, and assisted in the election of Hirrison and Tyler. About the year 1844, the democratic party in the State of New York be- cvme divided into twe factions, which were severally called ‘ hunkers” and “parnbursers.” The bupkers were similar to the conservatives of 1838, and were favorable to banks apd internal improvements, The barn- burners were also called destructives and radi- cule, and ge-erally opposed banks and other charters, and the increase of the debt of the State for internal improvements. These names bave.since got out of use, the terms free oilers and soft shells being applied to the barnburoers and bunkers who bave joined them, and the bunkers opposed to abolition and free soil movements being called hard shells. We have not space to follow up the history of parties io the various States. They have generally been unimportant in their effects-on the politics of the nation. In Pennsylvania the democrats, for some years after the year 1815 were divided into old school and new school democrats—the former being similar to the Clintoniars of New York, and the latter nearly ike the backtails of this State. These distinc- vons existed for some years, until parties be- came formed for and against Jackson, Van Buren, and other candidates for the Presi- dency. In Missouri, the parties which divided the people some ten or twelve years ince, were called bards and softs, the hards being in favor of a specie currency, and the latter in favor of banks, A similar division has often existed in Obio. We have in a former article given an account of the rise, progress and decline of the various parties called native American or American republicans. The secret order of Know No- things is more extensively organized and pro- scriptive than their predecessors, in their action against citizens of foreign birth and Catholics There bas recently been a new formation of parties in California, the democracy being di- vided between the supporters of David Brode- rick for United States Senator, and those who oppore him ; the latter are called the chivalry. Ata recent State Convention it appears that the chivalry section was much smaller than the Broderick wing, and therefore bolted, much after the fashion of the New York hards at Syracuse last year. They passed resolutions endorsing Pierce and the Nebraska bill; while the Broderick men doneither. The temperance and Maine law organizations in various States are too well known to require explanation. OvertHROw oF THE CanaprIaN Ministry.— The trlegraph yesterday confirmed our surmise with respect to the fate of the Canadian minis- try. Mr. Hincks has fallen, after having held office longer than any Canadian minister since the establishment of constitutional government. When he first rose to power, his views were liberal, enlightened, and large. A leader of the refurm party, with the present Chief Justice Lafontaine and Judge Baldwin he stood on the plain ground that the constitution of 1841 should he carfied ont honestly, that the prero- gative of the Governor should be restrained so as to leave the real power in the hands of the people, that the hierarchies of Upper Canada should be deprived of their large benefices, and that various reforms required by the Province should be accomplished. His oppo- nents on the other hand endeavored to misin- terpret and cramp the action of the conatitu- Hong’ act, 4nd songht to perpetuate the suptinacy of tha British settlers over the French Canaiiana, to strengthen the hands of the Governor, to maintain the estates of the Church, and generally to resist all radical re- form. This simple statement of: the issues be- tween the reformers and the conservatives accounts sufficiently for the triumph and long reign of the former. If we add that their leaders, Lafontaine, Baldwin, Blake, Cameron, Price, and Mr. Hincks himself, were men of ‘no ordinary ability, while the conservative party did not contain a single talented chief, except perhaps Judge Draper, it will appear still more natural that the tormer should have held so long a lease of power. Office, however, invariably destroys the strongest ministries, One by one, the ablest re- ormers shelved themselves. M. Lafontaine re- tired into private life, and on the death of Sir Jas, Stuart received the Chief Justiceship of Lower Canada. Baldwin, Blake, and Caron, sheived themselves on the bench. As usually happens, the reformers of 1847 found in 1852 that a now body of reformers bad risen up behiad them, and that they had become conservatives, vice. the old draper party dissolved and defunct. New notions about infusing the elective princi- ple more thoroughly into Canadian institutions bad sprung up. Projects of seigniorial reform had begun to be mooted. Other refurms were proposed; and the Hincks’ Cabinet, imbued with the conservative turn which office never fails to inapire, evinced considerable reluctance in carrying out the changes it had formerly pledged isself to effect. Besides, the railway mania had sprung up ia Canada; aud most un- fortunately for the country had been received under the fostering care of the administration, and become a government coacern. Opportu- nities for speculating and making money were offered to and not thrown away by poor men like the Canadian ministry. Then a tremen- dous cry against the corruptions of the cabinet arose throughout the length and breadth of the land, After this, the fall of Hinckswesa mere queetion of time: it has come sooner than the Canadians seem to have expected. We can only conjecture what will be the charucter and composition of the new cabinet. Mr. Hincks was overthrown by a combination of new reformers and old conservatives—the Jatter being a small minority. In any new ad- ministration the reformers must largely pre- ponderate—George Brown, being 4 likely man or the Premiership, together with a few of the more enlightened of the French Canadians. Of the business that will be laid before them we can form an opinion from the speech of the Governor at the opening of the House on Wed- nesday last. The first matter is the substitu- tion of the elective principle for that of nomi- vation by the Crown in respect to the Legisla- tive Council. The next, the final settlement of tbe clergy reserves. Then the seigniorial te- nure must be abolished. The tariff must be altered so as to admit raw materials for ship- building free of duty. The reciprocity treaty must be overhauled. Here is business enough for anew ministry. Romething abons the Weathers, “<The preseot nested erm,’ as our generally Gerk of the Weatber, Mr Meriam, signiic it, appears at eogth t be draving to a close. thapkful—we we hop-fu'—we have never dee! Tax Wareriwwo Piaces—Cvosk or THe Ses- son.—We give to-day the last notes of life at the summer retreats. The season is over—New- port is deserted—-olitude aguin r-igns para- mount on the peaks of the White Moua- tains—Seratoga Spriags bubble to no pecuniary end—-no more woonligbt rides or canters across the country before breakfa-t—no more en- chanting polkas in the drawing rooms—no more invigorating sea baths—no more dressing for dinner—no more flirtations in curridors— no more intriguing for rich hnsbands—the occu- pation of the watering places is gone. The past season has been, if we believe all accounts, a very brilliant one. Commercial crisis, panics in the money market, railway swindling, or short crops seem never to af- fect the amusements or the expenditures of our people. The ladies can never be brought to understand these matters, and thongh there may be long faces, desolation and recrimina- tion at the counting house, there must stil! be bappy countenances, rich dresses, and costly jewelry for the drawing room. No retrench- ment—no economy there. Appearances must be kept up for various reasons, but more par- ticularly on account of what Mrs. Grundy will say. Consequently the sammer in fashionable life has been o gay one, and the winter will be no less brilliant. © Well, the people have returned to town. We are glad to see them in Broadway, at the ope- ra, at Niblo’s, at the Broadway theatre, at Bur? ton’s, at Wallack’s, and at various other plea- sant places where New Yorkers most do con- gregate. They come back refreshed and invi- gorated—ready for the winter campaign; for, although there are many things about watering places that are ridiculous, and which might be reformed, yet no one will endeavor to detract from their value as sanitary agents. All the people who leave us for the summer, do not go to watering places proper, but settle in some quiet rural nook or out of the way retreat by the sea shore, and there indulge in such sports as invigorate the body and give a healthy tone tothe mind. These sensible individaals are also returning to city lifeand city habits—they are good citizens, and we are happy to see them with us again. Their aid is needed in taking measures to neutralize the effects of the momentary commercial depression ander which the city suffers. When we get over the lassitude produced by the present heated term we shall be ready for the fall and winter trade. In a week or so bu- ness will be at its height, and our country friends should be here to take the tide at ite flood. Tae Prasopy Letrer—We publish this morning the letter of George Peabody, con- cerning his last Fourth of July dinner to the Americans in London. A different sort ofa letter bad been published on this side of the water, from no less a personege, as it appears, than Daniel E. Sickles, Secretary of the American Legation at London, in which it was charged, substantially, that Mr. Peabody, at the dinver in question, had given “Rule, Britannia” precedence over “ Hail Columbia,” and that while an oil painting of Queen Vic- toria graced the dining-room, in royal state, there was not evena fifty cent lithograph of President Pierce upon the walls to gladden the eyes of our admiring countrymen, who are abroad on public duty under his appointment, &c. To these charges we think Mr. Peabody gives a pretty conclusive answer. Some allow- ance, however, must be made for the Ictter of accusations, on account of the long trainiag of the author in Tammany Hall, where even clean shirts are considered aristocratic distinctions Transplanted from the democratic simplicities of old Tammany to the magniticcul Fourth of July festival of George Peabody in London, no wonder the young Sachem mistook its charac- ter and its purposes. He was dazzled by the glare, and believing that the Queen’s portrait and Various other English articles had nothing todo with the Fourth of July, he was indignant. He wrote that letter accordingly. Now we hope he is satisfied. Tue Rvrrians anv THE Potice.—It is diffi- cult to tell whether the lives and property of our citizens are under the protection of the po- lice, or at the mercy of the rufflans. The late horrid murder of Jobn Brady is but one case among hundreds that might be cited to show that our midnight marauders and assassins are rapidly enlarging their operations, and getting bolder in their brutal outrages against the law. “Hard times” may be partly the cause of this bad state of things ; but it is also partly chargeable to our city authorities, Paying from five to seven millions taxes per annum for the purposes of law and order, our citizens are at least entitled to the privilege of walking our dirty streets quietly secure from outrage, mur- der, and highway robbery. Are our authorities letting up a little on these gangs of cut-throate and Tugs, in view of the approaching fall elec- tions? Or why are these wretches always the most desperate and dangerous at this season of the year? Can the Chief of Police, the Street Inspector, or the Board of Health explain? Course Bacx.—It is announced in the Wash- ington papers that Secretary Marcy and Secre- tary Dobbin bave returned to their o‘ficial head- quarters from a short visit to the Virginia Springs; but that the President and Mrs. Pierce will remain a few days longer at Capon Springs, which are also among the mountains of Vir- ginia. The President has been off several times this summer; but never beyond a day’s journey from the White House, with the view, perhaps, of a speedy return, should important despatches at any time. requiring his presence, come in from Spain, Cuba, Greytown, or the istand of Hayti. Meantime we are gratified to state that the physical health of the administration bas continued good, notwithstanding its poli- tical decline. They have clean broad streets, good beef and vegetables at Washington. Movements or Junge Dovetss.—The great champien of the Nebraska bill having beea de- nied a hearing in Chicago by the ruffianly pro- ceedings of the abolitionists, had, at the last advices, gone over into Indiana, aud had been courteously listened to in a public speech at Indianapolis. “A prophet is not without honor save in his own country.” Repvction ‘Iw Coat.—Yesterday the thermo- meter, at one o'clock, in the coolest part of our office, breeze passing through, stood above 90. From Cvna.—By the arrival of the bark Mariel, Captain Wass, from Zags, August 22, we learn that that port will be closed on the 1st September, and great excite- ment prevailed in consequence of the slave trade. and eisewhere, that have had in thove regi:ms, so loog darkened by ti smoke of consuming forests and the clouds of dust unwatered roads, a wholessme visitation of de! rain, Liberally beautifled wi'h sparkliog ligntaing rattling and weloome thunder, The fires imthe down Enst will be quenched, The dry pasture fel spring again to life,asd much that was given upas lessly lost may yet be saved. From fine nosti we are informed of the 4: fecta of the best, and from all quarters the ery is the continuing drought, or the ‘‘ heated the last ten or twelve werks. But as the latter have commenced, there is every reason to hope will be continued. They have opensd thetr fount: ‘the right quarter, and for large ard extended a1 ‘We look to the vortheast for our most copious ‘all seasons; and yet we whould have had more cause for congretalation had ths refreshing do showers of Thursday eveuiog extended their wings as far atleast as Saady Hook. This would ipcluded the suffering erty of New York and its end their on Es ton of huwan and their a ant toe hig fo on bave polinada 9 Be 0 lesired ; but consitesingour ion of fear@ty: of, Croton, water, aed ney the . ch it is but just to say that autborities, and all conoeined in reference to the| tary condition of the city, have done as wollas De expected. But bad we been relieved, say four wecks by « fuil, free, hearty drevo! , tearing the awnings all shut ers ali off, making all rattle washing the gutters down wo he very cob! uj making tho paveme ts actually dazzling to the Wg sua, and rev e corsa: Sen coder intense Pee 08 of the Stree tor—nad we, we repeat, Sti ae sour os ee ee 8, anoul: bag hens and ¥ dian 8 it 18, we say, we do not despair. The long “ term ” has evicently had ite bene broken, pop Meriam msy to the eontrary fhe thunder and) lightning cown east consomed a large amount surplus caloric m the atmosphere. We felt it cool wind of Thur-day night—we felt it on Friday a bly; and though yesterday eat returned, liftio mereury to above ) degr-es, it brought with it sud accumulation of clouds aod croes winds as could onl| sult in copious supplies of raio. Upop one t we venture tle opinion that we meet with copeurrence of ony in' it It is this:—The laws of vatnre are profound, inevitable, Where a tewporary imequality or ty occurs in the currerts of the ocean or the of the atmosphere, it will be followed by a reactio cossary to restore the reqniced equilibrium. £0 weather. The seasons in the United States may rally be relied upon. If the early rains fail us, latter rans $1 up the vacuum. 1 resent: had an jmmenese surplus of rain through the winter] ct) ring, & d in consequence @ corresponding'y sl Bt ugh the summer and autumn. ‘But tim at mekes all things even;” and so let us hope Lape ws ne gear se bere: i our eaty- five mi wR «1 nor neral 1 -perity of the country, will fall short ie Here we might pauxe, bu’ we are not quite The subject is suggestive, though for the last two mot it bas been But we leave to repeat, we believe the of it is broken. such of our readers av are not aware of tho fact it| probably be news, and good news, to learn that 7 ‘was the last of dog days, ‘Yes, the ‘hoated t of the dog days expired yesterday, and of course gi eric chang-* may be expected. Wen like the dog star t/e has, from time immemorial, considered the tutelar divinl'y of hydrophobia, war, tilence and famive; and the evd of his annual reig) consequently held to be a release from many evils. TELEGRAPHIC. WEATHER IN BALTIMORE. Barrmonrs, Sept. 9, 185 The weather has been very warm and sultry all d Flying clouds have been paseing over the city, with| occasional drop of rain. About three miles from this afternvon, there was a heavy storm, which about half an hour, THE WEATHER AT BALTIMORE. Ratmors. Sept. 9, 18 The weather in this city is cooler. It is quite clo ‘Had no rain. GOOD NEWs—HEAVV RAIN. #LBany, Sept. 9—1 o’clock P. Mj Abeavy storm of rain is reging here, and extends to the westward. {he storm appears also to be tra ling East, and bids fair to give the earth a fl drenching. Marine Affeirs. ‘Tur Simm Wasmxcton left at noon yesterday Bremen, vis Southampton, with sixty passengers $500,000 in specie. Deatus at 884.—The dark Escoriaza, arrived y from Cardenas, lest the first mate, threo seamen, Mr. T. Engoatene, a native of Russa, on the The nature of their cisease is not mentioned. A SEMI'MONTHLY Sream Ling BErweey FRANCS thy peseenge # arrived on Thurad Africa. was Ceptain P. Lefab: comes, itis saia, to the United Sates on account of tH great trans-atlantio compaby, in France abo Syearago. Mr. L-itovre represents as decided fi the creation of » pew line month een Havre and Ne ‘ork, ‘the 15th of November next, with the ee ee. Nevertheless we mast inquiries mace in ot! rh ie are unf from showing this state of things to be so near at Moreover Mr. Lef?bvre is «sid to have power t> 00 for a certain number of steamers intended for the 2 ‘ich the Geroral ‘rans Atlantic ts Geo W Moron, Eaq. Before THE CHARGES OF SMUGGLING ON BOARD THE STEAM! SRIF WASBINGTON, ‘ant is care was board the steamship Woocmatet — that Wr. Bolscher mroget on. board the ir. wasa Yrom ‘Bremen ; fore bim, and the to District’ Attorney proceed. it ms pis duty to hold them to ‘Mr. Docohue said if the Commissioner did #0 Seah be content toe be a take bis ite Comminsiover retired to goayull wth Me. McKeon. jew warrants were immediately Ntp Leider boll is the toareased amount of 65.008." Mst-—wnioh amounted to § fn diamonds (not ett F pel otEKe SehSEERqe a3szssgengss 33 Capt. srr ater of tbe tip pvogrte, changed w with anngsiing velvet entered into the required of $10,000, and was set at " CHARGE OF COUNTERFEITING. Domestic musceilany. . There were six fatal cases of Suolern fa Dost n on the 4th inst. London, which now contains between org and twelve thousand, its population ‘within the last fourteen years,