The New York Herald Newspaper, September 4, 1854, Page 4

advance. 1.0) cents per copy—$1 per annum. ALD every Saturday’ at 6% gents m+ the Buropean bdition $4 per an- Py ov bart of Great Britain, and $ to any part of the wh to include postage 3 WO TICE taken of Anonymous communications, We do not return those rejected. Volume XX1..,.... seen eeeeeeeepeneneneee No. 943. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. CASTLE GARDEN—Lvenezta Borers. BROADWAY. —Camite. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Sanvanararvs—Na- WURE AND PurLosorny. NIBLO'S—Mazurs—Kim Ka, BURTON’S~Seni0vs Famity—AsmovEvs, Fs L THEATRE, Chatham street—Man O’Wans we MONA gosFewaue Fonte TuzvEs, AMERICAN MUSEUM.— Afcernoon—Duma Man OF Man- oursrrn.- Evening—Iux STRANGER. WOOD'S MINSTREL B. » 444 Broadway—Ermiorian MinsTReLsy AND BURLESQUE OPERA, BUCKLEY'S OPERA HOUSE, 539 Broadway.—Bvox- agy's Ermorian Orena TRovure. MECHANICS’ HALL, No, 472 Broadway.—Neono Min- erarsy. EN BIUYVESANT INSTITUTE, No. 659 Broadway.—Sanv- worn’s Orena Trovurs. FRANCONT’S HIPPODROME, Maditoa square.—-Eaves- man Prnrornmances. ~ New York, Mondny, September 4, 1! The News. LATER PROM BUROPE. The steamship Pacific left Liverpool on the 234 ult., and arrived st this port yesterday afterrooa. ‘The advices brought by this arrivei are singalarly ry of ‘pinteresting. There is not only am unusual dearth of new facts regarding the war,-bet there is‘ sort of collapse in the budget of manufactured ramora to which the stock exchange contributes so large a share. If things go on at this rate the Eastern war will die a premature ceath by inanition. Even the large amount ¢! gas discharged by the Frensh ‘Emperor in his congratu'atory proclamation to the, ‘army of the East, on the oceasion of that magnificent’ and ever memorable achievement, the taking of Bomareund, fails'to impart a little life to the dulnees -of this most prosaic of wers. It bes been reserved for the nineteenth century to progace the most of. “fective satireon the absurdity of this method of adjusting national difficulties that the world has ‘as yet seen. Some further details are given respecting the capture of Bomarsund. Amongst the prisoners we find the name of'General Bodisco, the governor of the fortreer, and, we believe, a:near relative of the late minis'er to this country. Thereare reports of wBome unnecessary acta of cruelty committed by the Ruesians before surrendering the place, but they ‘neem to be doubted by the London journals. ~ We have it again affirmed that the Russians were to have recrossed the Pruth by the Ist of Septem ber, so that the intelligence conveyed in our Previous advices, that they-intended to retain certain strategic positions in the Principalities, turns ont, as we anticipated, to be incorrect. The error arose, no doubt, from the fact that it had been resolved to concentrate a body of sixty thon- sand Russian troops on the right bank of the Pruth, under General Luders, in order to cover the Russian flotilla on the Danube, which will be wacrificed by the evacuation of Galatz. The chclera has proved a more formidable enemy to the Crimean expeditionary corps than the Rus- asians themselves could possibly have been. At Teast fifteen thousand men have already fallen victims to the malady, and it is expected that it will be several weeks before the expeditibn is able to sail. So much for the policy of delay. This @iscouraging fact is not likely to help the Aberdeen minist:y through their embarrassments. The account that we published some weeks since of Dr. Cottman’s visit to Russia, and of his conver- sations with the Czar, has furnished the London Times with a theme for one of those peculiar arti- cles in which it excels, and which in general dis- play more ingenuity than candor. We nevertheless recommend it to the attention of our readers, as an amusing specimen of our contemporary’s eccentri- cities of style. From Spain there is nothing of interest baydnd a @ecree ordering a levy of 50,000 additional troops for the government, and the granting a civic decora- tion to those who had assis‘ed in effecting the ravo- lution. Matters will probably remain in their pre- gent state until the assembling of the Constituent Cortes, when the impeachment of the Queen-Mother ‘will probably produce another explosion, as it is hardly likely that the more moderate of the pro- gressistas will consent to co extreme a step. The Bavarian mule, whom accident has made King of Greece, is said to be kicking against the uew traces imposed upon him by the allies. He has refused to disband the irregular troops, and the wpehot of the affair, we suppose, will be that he ‘will be sent back to digest sour krout and lager bier in Munich. The most interesting item of intelligence in these advices, as far as we are concerned, is the announce- ment that H. B.M.’s seventy gun ship Boscawen has been ordered to San Juan. We presume that this has been done in polite compliance with Capt, Holline” hearty and sailorlike response to Lieut, Jolly’s wish that he had had a vessel large enough to put a stop to his proceedings. As all the mischief that could be done has been effected, we can see no other motive on the part of the British government in sending out this formidable vessel than a desire to pay the worthy captain some gratifying mark-of attention. LATER FROM HAVANA, The steamship C:cscent City arrived yesterday morning from Havana. The appointment of Gene- ral Concha as Captain-Genera! had created much gratification, and arrangements were in progress to give him an enthusiastic reception. The letter of our correspondent, given in another column, con tains all the newe. NEWS FROM GUIANA. ‘We have received our files of Georgetown (De merara) journals to the 11th of August. The pa pers do not contain any news of greater interest than that which was published in the Haratp of the 29th ultimo, and dated on the 8th of the same month. The Colonist of August 9th, after alluding tothe state of the weather and the health of the people, says:— Our wet season has gradually broken, and the dry weather has commenced, still interspersed with an occasional tropical shower, relieving the excessive heat. At this time, the break of the two seasons, the close- ness of the a'mosphere fs felt peculiarly op. * pressive and in consequence it is usually found more sickly than the settled weather; now, however, the city and the colony generally are peculiarly healthy. The weather appears to be very propitious for the planters, and the crop time has set in with ~wery good prospects, as far as nature is concerned.” ‘The came jourpal adds:—“ Trade is reported dall, and unless the Amzrican oytrage on Greytown is properly atoned for we supposé we shall have to suffer for a time from the scarcity of provisions, lumber, &c. At all events, we trust England and. France will not be slow in enforcing reparation for this dastardly violation of the rights of nations.” ‘Woe publish the latest report of the state of the mar. 8. - THB STATE ELECTIONS. To-morrow the elections in Californ'a and Ver- mont take place. In both these States the Legis- » Members of Congress, and State officers, are to be chosen; and as the politicians are pretty essentially mixed up in both, the result will be looked for with considerable interest. In California the election derives additional impertance from the fact that the Legialatnre to be chosen elects—that 4s, if they can agre:—o Vatted States Beustor; and spoils ad”gin‘stration, ‘he e'ection of a whig in | THR YELLOW FEVER. This dread‘u! scourge 's ex'ending rapidly at the | South, as thay be seen by the s counts we publish | elsewhere. It ha: a:somed an +p'demic form in Galveston, is incressin: a* New Orleans, Charleston | and Savanna *, and bas also spprared at Marietta, | Georgia. IMPOSITION ON IMMIGRANTS. In another column will be (uid a letter from Mesars. Rischrouller & Lo: scher, of Green wich street, complaining 0’ a : tatemen’ wh'ch appeared in our paper of Tuesiay ast, under the above head. Al- though thee ,entlemen bave succeeded in fully exculpating themselves from the imputation of iq any way sanctioning the extoticpate demands of their depot watchmen, it will be seen from * aeir own showing that there were good grounds fo'¢ the charge that was preferred at the Mayor’s offi’ e, As to their complaint that representations of ‘the fact were not in the firs: instance made to they q, it may perhaps be as well to remind them that ‘in the case of emigrants impositions of this sort, in waich DO distinction can be drawn between the conduct of the employer and of the ter ant, are of too frequint occurrence} for the injured parties not totake the promptest and mo:t @’ fectual steps to obtain justice. The persons aggy jeved in this in- stance suffered enough bythe le 3s of time oces- sioned by an sppeal to the ® athorities, without their hazarding the additiona ( delay that might have occurred from an ineffef tual effort to obtain redress from unwilling employ ers—which is but too frequently the case. No firm certainly can effeo- tually guard against the 4’ishonesty of their ser- vants, and Messrs. Rischms) jer & Loescher have dene all that could have beer expected from them by discharging the delinquer.t watchman, and remu- nerating the complaiing parties for their loss time. STRENT PREACHING. ‘The open air preechers were out in fall ferce yeeterday, and, as-asual, attracted large audiences. The meeting on the Battery was interrupted by a _wang of evil-dispozed persons, who created a gener- ‘al fight, in the course of which a man named Woods received a dangerous wound in the side from a dirk Imife. It was zemored that an American was shot, but the report-was doubtless a fabrication. The in- terference of the police put an end to the tumult. Not eatisfied with this exhibition of violence, a por- tion of the mob proceeded to the Park,and ina very few moments succeeded in getting up a fight with party of foreigners, and creating a great ex- citement generally throughout the Sixth ward. A strong body of police, however, headed by the Chief, attacked the belligerents, and succeeded in capturing halfa dozen of them, and lodging them in the Tombs. It was with the utmost difficu:ty that the police prevented a cerious riot. MISCELLANEOUS, The crew of the ship John Rutledge, now lying in the harbor, bound for Liverpool, revolted yester- day. Captain Sands applied to the authorities for assistance, which wag promptly rendered, and five of the ringleaders were put in irons and conveyed ashore, to be dealt with as the law directs. The corner-stone of the first Roman Catholic Church, at Hohoken, was laid yesterday afternoon, with the usual ceremonies, in presence of a large concourse of spectators, Rev. Mr. Banvard delivered a lecture last evening, in the Cannon street church, on the “ Desigas of Foreign Despotism on the Liberties of America.” The discourse was listened to with apparent interest by large and respectable congregation, a large proportion of whom were gentlemen. ‘The Rotary System at Eiections—Hints for a Reform of our Constitutions, The city is alive with official electioneering agents. Besides the cautious and private move- ments of the canvassers who are looking for- ward to the Presidential campaign of 1856, we hear on every side of strokes of diplomacy and electioneering tricks on behalf of candidates for office at the coming State and city elec- tions, The business of the public departments at the present time appears to be to secure the re-election of the office holders who preside therein. From the Governor to the clerks in the City Hall, every one 1s engrossed in count- ing votes and cajoling or corrapting voters. Pity the man who, at such a moment, has pri- vate business to transact at any public office either at Alvany or here. Yet, so long as our present system lasts, how can it be otherwise? We elect men to be Pre- sidents, Governors, Mayors and so on, and it is understood that after they have served one term, they are to be re-eligible for another. We place in their hands most potent influence to secure their own re-election. They control, while holding office, the bread of a large mass of individuals who, in their turn, control the electors. Presidents, Governors and Mayors have a large amount of patronage at their dis- posal, and custom has so far reconciled us to'systematized corruption, that no one objects to this being used as a bribe. They can put influential politicians and convention mongers into office without a single murmur from any one. Howis it possible that they should not do so? They cannot divest themselves of anatural desire to retain their seats, without ceasing to be men; and it would be absurd to expect that they would wantonly reject the means of attaining this end that we have placed in their hands. The practice is inseparable from the system. A President selects his cabinet, Gov- ernors and Mayors make their appointments with the sole view of securing support for them- selves when they come forward for re-election. During the whole of their term of office, this one thought holds absorbing sway over their mind. Sometimes, a conscientious man will find his way accidentally into one of these offices, and will evince some show of indepen- dence and conscientiousness in his public acts. But the bulk of our elected rulers act on a totally different principle. For them, the first concern is their own fate after the expiration of their term: and to that they sacrifice every consideration of duty and public good. Sucha man-as Mr, Pierce, for instance, will not sign a bill or write a message without calculating its effect on the people who may re-elect him: he will not make an appointment without a tacit or expreseed stipulation that the recipient of his favor is to reciprocate by advocating his claims at the end ot his term: he will make all public business subservient to this, to him, paramount object. What is true of Presidents, is still truer of Governors and Mayors; and so far as our ex- perience enables us to judge, seems to be the invariable rule whatever be the character or merits of the incumbent. A taste of power whets ambition; and where the fealings are co powerfully excited that all means seem good, it would be unnatural to suppose that any would neglect the obvious instruments which lie ready to their hand. No one denies that this is an evil, A very serious evil, the diversion of the thoughts of a high responsible officer from the concerns of his station to the petty details of his own ambi- tious projects. A still greater evil the corrup- tion such ambition combined with such power cannot fail to breed. When we think that with very few exceptions all our subordinate Miceholders are chosen, nyt in consequence of render service in the hour of need to the Governor or Mayor wha appoir.ts them; that during the whole of their term these Governors and Mayors are cor stantly scheming to recure their re-election, and really dream of nothing else as it draw’s to a close, it will appear won- derful that ¥ye have goton co well, and es caped day sers which would seem inzeparsble from <¥’ch a system. Tf, chen, the practice be an evil, and that evi’, reside in our sy:t>m o° elections, why not P oldly take the bull by th: horns, and see if we cannot change it, and substitute a better one? Asit stands a' present, the President is elected for four years and is re-eligible for a like period; and the Governor of this State, and the Mayor of the city are elected for two years, and are re-eligible in like manner. It is perhaps questionable whether, if our first President had had a weaker hold of the public affections, the practice of re-electiog that of ficer would have ever prevailed in this coun- try. The rotation system is obviously more consistent with the spirit of our institutions. Washington’s eminent services were the means of introducing the anomaly; and we now feel its effects, at a time when no such reasons as existed in his case could be urged on behalf of any of his successors, It instead of electing Presidents and Gov- ernors and Mayors for short terms, and allow- ing them to come forward for re-election, we shonld prolong their term to six and four years respectively, and pronounce them ineligible for re-election, the evil we note would be restrain- ed. The rotation system with short terms is open to the obvious objection that it fills the offices with new inexperienced men, who no sooner learn the routine of their duties than they are compelled to make way for others. This inconvenience would be obviated by pro- longing the terms of our Presidents, Governors and Mayors, Allowing one year to each as au apprenticeship, we should then be sure of hav- ing for five years in the one case and three in the others experienced men at the head of af- fairs. We should likewise feel certain that our rulers had no personal aim in view higher than the proper discharge of their duties. Theiram- bition would be diverted into a new channel : instead of spending itself in unworthy iu- trigues to secure a re-nomination, it would be wholly devoted to the acquisition of repute and fame, which could not be gained by the officer without the country or the city becoming a sharer in the benefit. Under such a system, the dispensers of public patronage would have no interest in filling the offices under their con- trol with bad men, bnt on the contrary would feel a direct responsibility in selecting sub- ordinates whose administration might do credit to their judgment and help to enhance their own reputation: and thus, we should enjoy a solid guarantee for the efficient discharge of the public business. At all events the idea is worth considering. The evil is potent and glaring ; and it is the duty of every one to seek some remedy. The Hotels of New York—Thelr Value and Population. There is no feature in our social system which is so peculiarly American as our hotel life. Thirty years ago there were about a dozen hotels in New York, some of which were little better than many of our large boarding houses; but such has been the improvement in this par- ticular, that we can now boast of between forty and fifty—and of these there are several un- equalled by the best in London or Paris. The Metropolitan, the Astor, the St. Nicholas, the Ir- ving—and in fact all our first class hotels—are unsurpassed in the extent of their accommoda- tions, the magnificence of their furniture, and in the manner in which they are conducted. The European hotels partake of the character of European society—they are exclusive and aristooratic—while ours are democratic, and more in accordance with the customs and prin- ciples of our people. In the American hotel, all the inmates meet at one common table; in the European, they seldom or never min- gle, and their meals are either served to them in their own rooms, cr procured at some of the numerous restaurants iu the vi- cinity. Those who~have travelled over the Continent, and who have had ample opportuni- ties of contrasting both systems, testify to th» inconvenience that results from the latter. In these, the boarder, or lodger, hires his apart- ment and is charged separate for every meal, and even the attendance of the waiters forms 8 distinct item in his account with his host. Yet this system has its advantages, and the fact that it is coming into extensive operation among us is proof positive that itis not en- tirely at variance with the tastes ofsome of our people. Buta hotel to be conducted suc- cessfully on the European plan, must have at its head a man who has made the subject the study of his life, for although the post may ap- pear insignificant in the opinion of some, it is a most onerous one, and requires no ordinary amount of skill and judgment. One of the first things that strikes a Eu- ropean on his arrival in this couutry is the ex- tent, number, and magnificence of the hotels. When he enters one he finds a whole army of waiters ready, like the genii in the enchanted palaces of fairy land, to do his every bidding, and his eyes are dazzled with the brilliancy of the frescoed halls and the richness of the furniture, while he is astonished at the perfect order and regularity which characterize the management of the whole establishment. After registering his name he is conducted to his room or rooms, and all his wants are supplied with a promptness unsar- passed even by that which attends the com- mands of a king. Exclusive of the large boarding houses, which are very numerous, there are about fifty hotels, some of which are capable of accommo- dating from four to eight hundred persons. The expense of supporting one of these estab- lishments is enormous, when we consider the consumption of provisions of all kinds, and the large number of cooks, waiters, and other at- tendants who are employed in it. Of. beef alone, about five hundred thousand pounds are consumed anhually; of lamb and mutton, four thousand head; of veal, one hundred ani fifty head; of poultry and game, one hundred and seventy-one thousand head; twenty thou- sand dollars worth of fruit and vegetable; and of wines, of different kinds, about eighty thousand bottles, To meet the outlay on these items there are half a million of dollars received from the boarders, These figures are not to be considered as upplying to all the hotels enu~ merated in the table given below, the majority of which are not capable of accommodating one fourth the number of guests entertained by the larger hotels. A fair estimate of the ageregate receipts exhibits a total of seven millions of dollers per year; while the whole Se SRS SEASIDE OEE EE ETE EE ED NEE LA LE DECI, I SE ——— as the democrat’® rarty th-re is eplit 1a twain cn | theirown qualifications, but because tLey can the question of d 9 ding he plander and supporting | the place of D.. ‘Gwin is confid n'y reckone / on. population is about nine thousand. The fol- | lowing table gives the estimate of the value of each hotel in the different streets, with the ag- gregate amount, according to the valuation of the asseseors:— Delmonico’s Hotel. Judson’s Betel.. Wi Hotel. Essfesst eeaszens 8332832283S3855 Bs BES 333222 Ss: Here we have a total of over four millions of dollars, but the statistics, with a few excep- tions, are obtained from the books of the as- sessors, who generally appraise real estate at one-half its actual value. Making allowance, therefore, for this reduction, we will find the amount of capital invested in the principal hotel property to be over eight millions of dollars, and if to this we add the cost of furniture, &c., it will swell the sum total to ten millions. The following tale presents at a glance the value of hotel property of all kinds, including many buildings which are not named in the foregoing estimate :— Real value, additional. Hotels not enumerated. Value of furniture, &. Total.. This is not al , however; for or three more in contemplation which will equal, if they do not surpass, in extent and magnificence any one of those in ope- ration at present. It is the intention, we understand, of Mr. Mormot, of the New York Hotel, to erect a gigantic structure on the site of the Hippodrome. The building is to be constructed of marble, and will cost, when completed, upwards of a million of dollars. This is-only one of several which are to be built to meet the increasing demands, so that, in the course of the next twenty years, we should not be surprised to see the present number doubled. Tae WeaTuEeR—The weather is the pa- ramount topic now. The sky all day Saturday was heavily overcast with clouds and smoke,— a thick smoke, wafted down, perhaps, from the fires which have been for weeks past consuming the woods to the north and east of us. Never was there a more promising appearance of a ‘heavy nor’easter with an abundance of fresh water. Butitwasamirage. It began to clear away under a northeast wind at nightfall, and on Sunday morning the firmament looked as dry and unpromising as that of Zahara. What with the returning showers in the East, the tornadoes in the West, and the storms at the South, we had imagined this region to be in- vested by a circumvallation of outpouring clouds from which there was no escape. But instead of refreshing rain, through the whole Sabbath we were revisited by one of the hottest days of July. With the thermometer, however, at 96 degrees in the shade on the 8d of Sep- tember, there must be thunder and lightning somewhere, and close at hand. Oh! let it come. Avyorger DetacuMent For Kansas.—We are informed that “a third and still larger party than any which has preceded it, will be ready to leave Massachusetts for Kansas on the 25th instant.” And still we hear nothing from the great guns of abolitionism and women’s rights, Cannot some of the law and order loving people of the old Bay State get up a sufficient sub- scription to induce the emigration to Kansas of such splendid free soil squatters as Theodore Parker, Wendell Phillips, Lloyd Garrison: Abby Folsom, and Abby Kelly Foster would doubtless prove to be? What is the army worth without leaders? And what a gain to Massa- chusetts would be the loss of such leaders as Parker and Company! And they might be really useful on the other side of the Missis- sippi. Sort Saett Harwony.—The administration soft shells of Delaware county, at their meeting to appoint delegates to their Syracuse State con- vention, denounced the Nebraska bill, and an- nounced themselves in favor of “free soil, free speech, and free men.” This is the old Van Buren Buffalo platform. We fear that the Tam- many Hall committee have been neglecting their business. Why have they not informed their brethren of the rural districts of the change in the programme? Now it is perhaps too late. Heatra or tae Orry—From the report of our City Inspector, and other reports, it will be seén that the cholera continues to decline here and elsewhere. With a good cleansing rain upon our streets, and the purification of the air which would follow, the reduction in our city mortality would doubtless be much greater. Considering the long droughé and the abun- dance of vegetable trash in the méttket, New York is remarkably healthy. Waar as BECOME or THE GoLD?—One of our inland contemporaries asks “What has be- come of all the gold?”—the California gold Inquire in Wall street, or of the Collins or Cunard Steamship Company. —_—. Marine Affairs. Lavxca.—The new bark Almens, 700 tons burthen, which has just been finished for Dollner & Potter, will be launched from the yard of E. F. Williams, at Green- point, to-morrow morning, at high water. Tax Sraamerur Nortu Star, of the Independent Califor. nia Line, will not sail hence on the 5th instaut, having been withdrawn from that route. Tur Baxmey Steamamr Germania, from Bremen the 18th ult. for New York, returned to port the next day, very leaky andin « sinking state, She was laid upon the ‘beach, when the leak was found to proceed from an inju- ry to the feeding pipe. She was expected to proceed in the early part of the next week. ‘COmMEKUE UF Baracew Dorie the month of August there arrived at Baltimore 17 }, 26 barks, 30 briga 174 schooners. Total: 5 of which 14ships, ports; ‘ind 3 ei oie bare 22 161 schoostes " an ‘Sourtwise. There cleared during th ‘mo 11 o ke, 26 144 . Total clearances 206; of which 9 ships, 12 barks, 7 brigs and 10 were fur 1 joreiga md 4 sai 19 brigs and 104 pcbooners, Conatwise. mite In another part of to-day’s paper will be found » tions of the country, from which some idea msy ‘ge formed of the extent to whicb. the fall crops have been injured by the unprecedented drougjat which has marked the season just clored, ‘Chere is no doubt that a great nu’aber of fields of corn and po- tatoes in some of th’, States, particularly in Virgi. nia, Ohio, Kenturixy, Indiana and Michigan, will nearly if not q7.ite fail. Many fields of corn will hardly yield & return of the seed, and but a small Proportion of winter fodder; while others will only Produce aF espectable show of “nubbins,” which description. of corn ears generally find their way to the pigecyes. The greater proportion of potato fields iy, the above named States will not produce an 8Bgre' gate yield of more than half the average, al- thou gh there are some of a late planting, which wi), probably turn out handsomely. In moat of the Southern States the drought was not so severely , felt, and we hear of unusually large crops of corn inthat section, and a good average yield will also be had on the bottoms of the Ohio, Upper Mis- sisaippi, and Missouri rivers. In the Northern and Eastern States, although the dry weather has been very trying upon the fall crops, we have heard of very few complaints compared with those which have reached us from the West, and we think we can safely anticipate for corn and potatoes, in this section, & yield which will nearly if not quite com- pare with that of previons seasons. No description of weather, unless it should be at- tended with premature frost, can now affect the out- standing crops. It is too late for rain to be of the. least service, and they are so far advanced in the ripening stage that a continuance of the drought can. do them but very little more injury, so that the esti- mate of the damage can now safely be made. It is our opinion, based upon the general reports which have reached us from all quarters, that, take the country through, neither the crop of potatoca or corn will fall over one-fifth short of the average, which will be more than made up, on the part of corn, by the thousands of bushels of the crop of last year, which now lies in store waiting for a market. Prices no doubt will slightly advance this fall, but not to the extent which numerous croakers about crops would have us believe. The price of pork, too, will no doubt be affected to s certain extent, but as it is alfeady very high, the western packers will have to be content with smaller profita, or their sales will be more limited. The crops of wheat this year are unprecedentedly large, not only in every State where wheat ia raised, but throughout the Canadas, where also it is said they will have a surplus of fully twelve millions of bushels to look abroad for a mar- ket, and as by the new reciprocity treaty, the grain and flour of Canada can come into the United States duty free, alarge portion of the product of the provinces will come in competition with our own productions. At least two-thirds of the farmers of the West have nearly doubled this year their usual crops of wheat, and we think we can safely add one quarter to the crop of last year to make up the aggregate of this. Upon due consideration we cannot but think that before the close of navigation during the coming fall, both wheat and flour must experience a marked decline in price; and this opinion is strengthened by the fact that large quantities of the crops of pre- vious years, which had been lying in granaries waiting for arise, came into market early in the spring, and are now lying in storehouses in the shape of flour, which must be forced off this fall, with the new crop, or suffer a great depreciation in quality if permitted to le over. Nothing, we think, can preserve the present prices but a greatly increased European demand, which we can now see no reason to anticipate. & The millers of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and West- ern Virginia are now paying for wheat one dollar and twenty-five cents per bushel, which they look upon as a very extravagant price; but when we con- sider the profits they manage to accumulate in turn- ing the wheat into flour, the basis of their complaint crumbles away, and we find that the farmer, at the above apparently exorbitant price for wheat, does not receive his due proportion of the money which Flour is now selling in those States at seven dollars and fifty cents, and we will allow five bushels of wheat to a barrel of flour, which 8 & gerierous average, as there are great quantities of wheat which will yield forty-five pounds of super- fine flour to the bushel. We will then find the is paid for flour. receiving their regular tariff for grinding, are making one dollar and sixty-two cents on every five bushels of wheat they purchase, which will show to some extent the cause of the present high prices of flour. The price of wheat is thus entirely regu- lated and controlled by that of flour, while the far- mers, who begin to look into and understand the movement, contend that the cost of wheat should govern the price of flour, at least to the extent of sopplying the neighboring markets. They have, accordingly, determined to take their wheat to the peat on Machi iat gab ground, and dis. flour themselves, and for their trouble pose of in finding a market, they will pocket at least one dollar and sixty-two cents on every five bushels of wheat disposed of in that way, over and above the market price of one dollar and twenty-five cents per bushel. This will force the millers either to put flour on the market at greatly reduced prices, in order to undersell the farmers,or to pay an advance per bushel on wheat. The former proceeding will proba- bly be their safest operation, and a alight fall in flour from this cause, which may extend even to this market, may be anticipated. ‘The September Term of the Law Courts. During the past six weeks, & season generally sup- posed to be the summer vacation amongst lawyers, there has been no business transacted except the occasional record of a decision in special term or an unexpected habegs corpus before some Judge at chambers. This day being the firat Monday in the month, the September term will com- mence, though no trial calendars will be issued ex- cept that for the Common Pleas, and perhaps the Circuit of the Supreme Court on the second Mon- day. There will be but one branch of the Common Pleas held this term, and the Judge at chambers will sit in the room formerly occupied by the old Assistant Aldermen, and now appropriately refitted and renovated, so that all the branches of this Court ‘will be on the same lobby of the City Hall, and con. venient to each other. Mr. Jarvis, the Clerk, has had the department previously known as Judges’ chambers, admirably fitted up for the performance of the duties of his office. On the trial calendar of the Common Pleas are the suit of Mr. Edwin For rest, the celebrated tragedian, against Mr. N. P. ‘Willis, for libel, which was tried before—but the se rlbineane fh Re emetic ice Walker ivorce case, Ww] , after three weeks investigation, had a similar termination. : The general, special, and trial torms of the Supe- rior Court will not commence until the first Monday in October, which will afford sufficient time for the completion of the new court rooms ‘and clerk’s office, now being fitted up on the corner of Chambera and Centre streets. Jurors summoned for the October term of this court will bear in mind the change of location of the court rooms, and need not attend at the Old City Hall as formerly, but in the |” brown stone building corner of Chambers and Centre streets. On the general term calendar of this court will be found the celebrated divorce case of Fcrrest against Forrest, which comes up fur argu- ent on a bill of exceptions taken by the defendant; cS leo, the renowned assault and “/#illis against Eawin number of extracts from journals in different sec: 1 case of Fry Papeete a battery against Bennett for the verdict in which excited so much in the musical, literary, and dramatic winter. It comes up for argament on taken by Mr. Bennett's counsel, There several other important cases pending full bench; but there being no September the notes of issue have not yet been received clerk. By an order adopted at a special term, held on Thursday last, for the hearing of ap- peals from orders, members of the bar will bear in mind that all notes of issues for the Superier Court must be filed in the clerk’s office eight days before the commencement of cach succeeding term, im order to afford time for printing the calendar. The trialterm calendar for October, as usual, will be very heavy, Map pe some twelve or fourteen: hundred canses,) and will be printed and ready for delivery at the clerk’s office the the first Monday of October. The same calendar will be continued as the November and December calendar, new issues to be added on at the foot. Jadge Morris, who has been confined for several’ months past from severe indisposition, is convalea- cent, and it is expected will be able to prealde at the Court of Oyer and Terminer in October. Judge Beebe will preside over the Court of Seq: sions this term, which opens to-day—the firat Mon. day of the month. The calendar is heavy, embracing altogether one hundred and nineteen cases, Among these, forty-seven are for selling liquor without If. cense, eight for larceny, three for bigamy, three for burglary, three for keeping disorderly houses, five for obtainin money under false pretences, threa for embezzlement, fifteen for assault (simp'e and ag- gravated), one for rape, three for riot, one for se- duction, four for nuisance, one for atolerr goods, nine for forgery, two for extortion, four for libel, two for conspiracy,fand one for highway rob: bery. We presume that it will take some fourteen or fifteen days for the court to dispose of this heavy calendar. BROOKLYN AND KINGS COUNTY LAW coURTS. The business before the several courte of the city of Brooklyn and the county of Kings, which re- mains for disposal during the September term, com- mencing to day, comprises a large number of cases, . several of which present interesting and important features. The Supreme Court will not sit tiil the third Tueg- day, when a Circuit Court, and Court of Oyer and ‘Terminer will be held—Strong, J., being the pre- siding Judge in rotation. The calendars, both civil and criminal, must ba very heavy, and it is to be hoped that the applica- tion of “‘the standing rule” wili have the effect of ° getting some of the old causes disposed of, there be- ing some now on the list in which issue was joined in 1851—the list having gradually accumulated ever since, in a proportion which the old rate of proceeding was not at all capable of keeping paca with, even when the Judges found it convenient to hold a seasion in this rapidly increasing and now im-~ Portant section of the district, Among the capital offences to be tried in tha Oyer and Terminer are those of Tucker, for. the murder of his infant son; Farley and wife for the murder of Mra. Darby, and several ‘casea of arson. The Kings County Court of General Sessions will meet to-morrow, Tuesday, and panels of grand and Petit jurors have been summoned to attend. In thia court it is possible some of the rioters participant in the late disturbances may be brought to trial. The City Court of -Brooklyn (Greenwood J.) will be occupied with civil causes, of which thera are exactly one hundred on the calendar, being within one or two of the largest number they have ever had. b ‘The calendar will be called this morning; but it is doubtful whether any jury trial will be taken up during the first week. These arrangements are, however, not definitely made until the opening of the court for the term, and it behooves all suitora to be prepared, and abide by a rule laid down by & venerable Chief Justice: ‘Every attorney should consider his cause as the first on the list.” Saturdays, throughout the term, will be devoted, asis usual, to the hearing of equity and law ar gumexts, Halll lt The Common Council. ‘The Board of Aldermen will hold the first meeting of the September seasion this evening. Several important pspers from the Comptroller, the Rey- nolds contract, and the matter of rebuilding the lave courts, are expected to come before them for action, during their sittings in the present month. Thera are @ great many specimens of marble, verda and white, before the committees, cack having ite advocate for its sppropristenees for the new building. “There are six Rich- monds in the field ;” but the public care little whick: five are “slain,” so that the selection made is for the utility as well as beauty of such a prominent and permanent city edifice as this is expected to be. Tre trnt there may be no more delay, and thet tha matter be decided upon as speedily as possible. The calendars of the various law courts are enor: mously heavy. Will the Common Council of New York provide the Iswyers and litiganta with am arena wherein they may fight their battles, and have at least breathing room ? After three weeks’ vacation, the Board of Council+ men will be convened this evening, according to law, and will continue to sit every other night until the latter part of the month, when the September ses- mon will be ended. A great deal of business may, therefore, be expected after so much idleness. Tha extension of Albany street through Trinity church: yard will be the all-absorbing feature of this seagion. For full six months the question whether or not religious matters should give way to those of & worldly nature, bas been the subject of much debate and speculation in both branches of this year’s Com= mon Council, and it now remains to be seen what portion of the members of this body are willing tq be governed by righteous or wealthy arguments, As we have said heretofore, there is disposition among the majority ef this Board to defeat the pro- Ject; but after all, we think the struggle between the friends of the majority and minority upon it will be a vety hard fought one indeed. As nearly all the members of the Board hava been rusticating for the good of their health at the various watering places in the vicinity of New York, and as @ large number of them—including those who are prone to keep fast horsee—have been, om the invitation of the Len Marble Quarry Company of Massachusetts, enjoying themselves heartily for nearly two weeks at the expense of the company, did not allow the city fathers to spend a red, debates on able re- their labors. If a New York divine leaves the city for & summer watering place, he is bored to death to occupy the pulpit on the sabbath. It is looked upon among religious congregations as » matter of politeness to