The New York Herald Newspaper, September 1, 1854, Page 4

© 6 lowest to the highest berths be Post Office patronage frould be then edaced to ite lowest value, and it would not mach matter thea ‘who poseessed it. Cholera is very bad in Eog'an4. Amonal 3 vio- tims is Lord Jocelyn. He was the son wot Viscountess Palmerston. He was & man of some talent, and would bave made a much better man than his father, the bigoted oli tory and Orange- map, the Earl of Roden, A ccurt martial which has been sitting for aome time on a Lieutenants Perry, of te Forty.sixth yA ment, bas excited great interest on account of coois it bas afford-d of the disgustiag pastimes of ‘oglish officers. Their infamous oppression of any officer who is not a gentleman of raak and fortaae, and ot the lying and false swearing with which these sticklers for gentle blovi hive been guilty oa the court martial—aleo the want of fairne-3 ou the pert of the Jnjges towards t e injure: party—all , these thiags have had the ef disgusting the te more and more wit! uris‘ocratic pretensions this country. Espertero is likely agaio to fail ia Spain, through bis want of sternpess anc vigor, avd his failiags 1a favoring every one that brasts of royal blood. He is now in league with Isab-lla, t» allow Christina to leave Spain with the hotad: of pelf of waich she bas robbed the nation. Narvaez vill sgain atep in, by ani by, and prevent all the go d that Espartero Might accomplish if be had snificient nerve. Prere is a Post Office publication bere, called the Post Office Daily Packet Last, published at the Genera! Post Office. Iu this list tr play has never been shown to the United States >ackets in an- pouncing ‘heir arrival and departure, as if the pub- lic were not interested in sending letters by them. There has never been the eame publicity given to the Collins steamers as to Cuaard’s, in tae Post Office publication, ‘ Our Paris Correspondence. Panis, Saturday, Ang, 12, 1954, Correspondence Between Count N Drovun de Lhuus-—The Ovinion of the French Minister on the Invasion of Turkey~Substantial Guarontees and the Status Ante Be/lum— State of Affaivs in M:drid—A Bedchamber Question Again—The Queen's Tears and E:paytero's Difi- culty— Cuban Politics—The Preparations for the Next Grand Féte of Seint Napoleon, Siu.e the intelligence of Rassia’s haviag crossed the Prath, in her original invasion of the Princi- polities, ia July, 1853, there has appeared nothing in the Montteur of equal interest to tue two letters of Count Nesselrode and M. Drouyn de Liuys, which that journal publis'ed yesterday. Such was the demand fer copies that # great many of tho ordinary nowsvenders could not sup ly their cus- tomers. In fact, many of them qere unable to procure any at all from the office, which was regu- larly beleaguered. The intelligence which I was enabled to communicate to you two da)s ago—that the evacuation of tle Priacivalities by the Czar was not to digparage the hostile attitude of Aus tria—is special’y confirmed; and it is now avowedly declared that the nature of the guarantees specifi cally pointed out in the despatch of the French Foreign Minister was in the possession of Austria, when, onthe 8th inst., her ambassador exchanged motes with those of France and England on the | subject, agreeing that guarantees should be exasted. On tie subject of these guarantees, says M. Droayn de Lhuys, Russia has taken advantage of the excla- sive right of surveilance, which treaties have con: ferred on her, to enter Moldavia and Wallachia, as | though she were acting on her own tervitory. Her privileged position on the Black Sea bas enabled her to found establisments on that sea, and to form there a vaval force, which, from want of a counterp ise, ia a perpttual menace to the Ottoman empire. The uncontrolled pessession by Rassia of the principal mouth of the Danube, has caused to the navigation Of that important river moral and material obstacles | Lastly, | which affect the commerce of all na:ions. the arsicies of ihe treaty of Kainardji, relative to religious protection, have become, iu consequence | of an uc warranted interpretation, the original cause Of the stcuggie which Turkey now maintains. On ‘ail these points there are new regulations to be es- tablished, aad important moditications to be made, im the «talus quo antebellum. It may, 1 think, be said that the common interests of Europe would re quize— First. That Raseia’s prote ‘torate over Moldavia, Wallachia and Servia shoald cease for the future, and teat the privileges granted by the Suttans to the provinces vepercent on the empire should be places under ‘he collecti ‘abtee of the Powera. Secondly That the navigat on of tue Daanbe to its moutn stould be released from all impeaiceuts, and aubiected to the principlea sauctioued by the Congress of Vienra. Thirdly. That the treaty of the 13th of July, 1841, shoulda be revised in concert by the uig» contracting partica iv the interest ef toe balance of power of Europe, and in the sense of a limitation of that of Russia in the Black Sea. Fvurtbly. That no power should claim the right of exercising an official protectorate over the sub- jects of tbe Sublime Porte, to whutever site tho may belong; butthat France, Austris, Great Bri- taia, Prussia and Ru‘sia should lead their mataal co-operation to obtain from tne initiative of the Ot- toman government the sanction and the observauce of the retigious privileges of the different Christian | communities, avd take advantage in the reciprocal ‘tnterest of their co-seligionists of the generous ia- tentions manifested by his Majesty the Sultan, without any attack resulting from it on the dignity and independence of his crown. The recent communications, continues M. de Lhays, of Baron de Hubner, (the Austrian ambassa- @or at Paris,) authorise me already in saying that the opinioas of Count de Buol, (the Minister at Vi- euna,)are the aame as mine, and that he regards asI do, the guarantee which Europe is entitled to de- mavd from Russia, X>., &c. Thia letter of the French Minister for Foreign Af- fairs eeems to have given universal satisfaction, and. of Count Nesselrode, transmitted officially by the | bas immensely increased his reputation, already so high, for dipiomatic ability. Count Nesseirode had used some special pleacing to prove that the occu- pation of the Principalities was not the cause of the | The commanication of those documents preceded | M. pe de Lhoys with a few strokes | war. of his pen de: hes the whole, and unsparingly, if not haughtily, fixes the crime on the true culprit. He is also thought to be especially happy in reply- ing to that poction of Count Nessetrode’s despatch in which Russia offers to reape:t the integrity of Tarkey so long as it is respe:ted b; tae Powers who now occupy the waters and the territory of the What similarity,” retorts M. de L'Huys, ‘ does there exist between the invader and protector? Wheat ansiogy is there between tue presence of the allied troops demanded by the Sablime Porte, and authorized by a diplomati:s document—the effects of which are to cease by common acvord—and the vio- | lent et.trance of the Ru sian army on the Ottoman | territory ¢" fe tact, the general interoretation put upon Couat Nesees the wares are becoming much too aot for him; sad macy do not scrapie to say that unless the depra- cotocy toue of his minister is a ruse of the most re setrode and M. | | occasions. The city is one vast atelier. | jour sixty thovsavd subsciibers, and the haa- pde@ lester is that the Emperor ads tnat | allowed. ‘The | because she has used her maternal influence in order to obtein from onl ministers, from time to time, exorbitant of public works. It is under- stood that the Ministrydo not feel themselves strong enongh to resist this demand; but Queen Ivavella ust formally give her consent to ber mother's im- peachment. And can it bs wondered at it she re- Tefuses? In that cage, mother and daughter must bota quit. Abdication, in fact, must take place. The question is already becoming serioas—murmurs are heard deep and lond in the capital. Men have arms in their hands. The barricades are removed, but the populace have never taken their ese cff the scattered debris wich compose them. Sundry executions have taken. Y at Barcelona, and the factories are again k; bat every drop of blood thus shed is so Pp at wor | such o] upon the sociatistic fuel common to alt revolutiovary tumults, and which does not. fail to find a kindred spark within the walls of Madrid. Upon the slightest provocation or misunderstanding the popular resentment, which ig rumbling tike a voleano beneath the new ministry's fest, breaks forth, A company of the. division of Bacete, the celebrated repablican chief who raised the staudard of independence after O'Donnell, entered the city on the 4thinst. It was commanied by Pasquale. Barracks were at first assigned it, but on O’Dooneil’s representation that the popular victory was com- plete and the men no more required, they were wayched without the barrier to he paid off. A dis- pute arises—the paymaster takes to his heels, hotly pursued by the meu, and it required all the influence ot Pasquale, and the energetic action of a battalion ‘ot toops, to prevent an exviosion, which wonld im- mediately have found aduerents among the people. Tie Moniteur of this morning announces that the | Cortes 18 to.consiat of one chsmber only. The de- cree which supersedes General Pezuela as Goveroor | | of Cubs, and eubstitutes’Gen. Concha, goes out of its | wayto pays tribute to the public services of tne | officer removed. What does this mean? Is Cubp | to be more jeslously watched and guarded under the revolution than under the late ministry? Tois is of some importance to the United States. On: preparations for the féte on the 15th, of whick T hope to send you a very full description by my next letter, which will Jeave Paris on the 17su, ortinue on ascale so increasing that it is with Ciflicuity one can imagive trat all things will be ready by the day. Itis curious to observe the im- mente labor which is brought into operation on these Among dreds ct thousards who read the H«sa.p, without subscribing to it, there must be many ‘o the scene ot this great féfe must be necessary, in take place next Tuesday. Though there will bea great deal of interesting | spectacle going on at the Barriere du Trone and in the Cham;s de Mays, the Champs Elysées coasti- tute the nucleus of the scene. The reader, then must picture to his mind’s eye a direct line—say of | two miles—from the palace of the Tuileries to the | | Arch of Triamph, the whole of which, after different fastions, will be one varied blaze of light. It is | divided into three portions:—1. From the renowned | Arch of Triumph, redolent with the sculptured | splendors of Napoleon's victories, to the Rond Point, | whi h is, perbaps, three quaiters of a mile. The cen- | | tral road, through an avenue of trees, is about sixty | yards in width; the walk, on either side, twenty-five | yards; at distances of twenty yards on eitherside the | ainted green, on which are already | road are poats suspended—ready for illumination—oriflammes com: posed of divers colored lamps; between these posts are festoops of globe lamps, while floating banners \ of purple and gold flutter above. By the walks, on \ the side where they are flanked by the nouses, is j every epecies of theatrizal display that can seduce | the ‘spectator. We bave now, however, reached | the Round Point, where the gallery of splendors | begins. In the midet is a colossal epiere, composed of lamps—of shades innuwerable-—but where biue and green predominste. It is surmounted by the dynastic bird of prey, which the Bovapartes have made theirown. At the four corners are golden kioske, each as large a3 an ordinary sizod house. Arches of trellis work, covered with lamps, form a vast circle round all. Tse same arches run alot each side of the “road,” a3 I have before describe in my last letter. The walks, on either side, being garnished with picturesque temporary bontiques, which are fronted with a kind of arabesque Moorish mashing; chandaliers, on garlanded ropes, eacy with 500 lamps, are swan over the walks, ag well as the main road, and thus we are condadted The Plaze de la Concorde, a squa’e of half a mile, is surrounded with arches; but there is one of gantic proportions at the gate leading into the garden of the Tuileries, which, with a central arch and two side ones, atara above, and the initial letter of the Emperor over all, when tit up with my: of lamps of every shace and colot, will be more dazzling than the eye can bear. F reworks will go off bere also, from an immense scaffolding, covering the whcle fa eof the Chamber of Depaties, which ir op the opposite side of the river, bat flasks the Piece. given to the eye, aching with a0 much excessive briiavey. Whe entrancs arch [have #0kan of vill bave its fac simile on tho other side; but afterwards the illamications of the garda » bave a softer and more soothing effe:t. Toe innumerable as they are, are however formed r paper, of all shapes and sizea; and peeping | t rough toe massive green of the tall tees, every | branch of whieh is literally laden with them, the effect must be charming. Festoons of lamps, oa standards of gold and purple, on which in beautifal | combinstion groups of tri-colored banners are fixed, | are everywhere scattered about. A beautiful pa- goda, such as French taste could have only ima: | gived, is erected for the monster concert, and foua- | | tains from ea ochre will plash up their cooling streame, and min, Waters in the midst of this wondrous effort of man | to cheat the sun and mcon, and all the stars of hea- ven, of their rightful pre-eminence. Beertiz, THE EUROPEAN WAR. IMPORTANT CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN NESSELRODE, THE RUSSIAN MINISTHR, AND DROUYN DE L'HUYS, THE FRENCH MINISTER. {From the Paris Moniteur, Aug 11.) We place before our readers the reply binet of St. Petersburg to the demand for tre eva. | cnation of the Princi; alities, which was formulated | by Austria and support °d by Prussia. The despatch | Court of Vienna to the goveromeat of his [mperial | pip De roveked, Oa the part of the Minister | of Foreign Ai » @reply, which we also publish. avd prepared the exvhange of notes which took place at Vienna on the 8th inst.,s fact which we | have already announced. | We res:riot ourselves to observe thatafter the ar- | guments employed by Russia to decline (répousser) © | the demands of the two great German Powers, the tenor of the proclamations it has addressed to the Wallachians and Moldavians, the multiplied checks | ite treo, s have suffered in their retreat, and the con- centration of forces commanded by General Baron Hers in Transylvania and the Bakowina, the Cabinet of 8t. Petersburg can no longer honorably represent (ne sawratt pus honorablement représenter) the evacuation of the Principalities as a concession made to the diplomay of Austria. DESPATCH OF COUNT NESSBLRODK TO PRINCE GORT- SCHAKOFT, RUSSIAN ENVOY AT VIENNA. Sr. Persxssure, 17-29 June, 1854. My Prixor—Count po x ge has communicated to me the despatch by which his Cabinet requests | us (nows engage) to put a term to the actar! crisis | by avoiding to push farther oar tranDanabirs fined obaracter, tidings may be shortly exveced | operations, and in eva meen Pg Principalities that he baa strack his colors. Toe obstinate attitade | of Anstria, the uncertain positivn of Prassia, the de- termimed pressare which, both ia the Baitio and | Biack sess, the Anglo-French alliaa ¢ is oriaging 30 bear, it is thought will compel nim to give way; and every howe momentous intelligence is luok-d for. Count Nesselcoie’s letter is, ia trut1, openiy spoken of as aviotory. The Principalities waich were to be given up on conditions, have given up on necessity. Te Turks rein of Bacharest, and the effect of a bron ampaign the bloodless reeuls of Napole- mae arrived iy ede ot = France bas £ wien Sa r filed the air, mals consented recoils fom the completion of demanded of ner. Cue bed which was once, in Exglerd, is now betag rebearsed at saick room tne Duc dels Ah ay F- tae aioe — attempt is made b> die We entourace roth has the fraistal oft UP ertch disaster to hee. teoa anche, “Sas abe sino miiy ara tio tae fuotte.s of c0/- | ot mar ¢ sfecedent, imiteses tae | ¢ lola the Sixeeath, and without | or eo teak & duxtance as Varen- | sh! beck by aa infuriated populsea, + ¢ cough ite Janta, ber solona ta within as short a delay as poi In m>tifs ing this desire on Anstrian and Germin interests whic the extension of the struggle on the Danube would compromise, Coant Baol — e | himself on the ground that our occupation Principalities was the principal cause of the war. We sball ask bis leave to make some reserves in this reapect. ‘he occupation of the Eetslesittes had not pre- vented the cpening and the continuation of the ne- jotiations. [t was not it which provoked the abaa- nt of the Vienns note, the rejection of the Propositions made at Olmuta, with the con’ urrence and tre epprobation of Austria, no more than the complete change of all the anterior bases of nego- tiations; and if since then al! attempts at recoacilia tion have proved abortive, the Austrian Cabinet car not disown that it aroee from incidents aad mo- tives much more compiicated, upon waich we preter remaining silent to tw avoid disagreeable recri- ations. mi We replied by silence to the summons of France and , because it was of an offensive natare pip aden syed receded aud devoid of war resulted therefrom, it would be the cause thereot less to the netare of our reply to the tone and terms which provoked it. However this may be igw’il en S02 opinion of the Aastrian Goverament, tue profoaged occup-tion of the Principalities tre the war, it would result therefrom that by the ticn of that occupation the war woald the fact iteclf, as hostilities woald be Is it in the power of the Cabinet of Vienna us the aaguran ctheresf? (Le Cabinet eat en mesure de nous en donner Vassuraace?) It cwonot eecape its attention that tae firs moment that the Porte declared war to us, cspe- oh lly tince the circle of that war, transp ted be- org To ki has i into our seas and on. our coasts, -e Coa8, by Gee eve conasel, ene ; of ropaliy— ‘ d vine tastleutioc as vu lated the fanda of the State—and ia the number of the ancient exter 4 measure, thit the oo-apation of the Prit: 8, whatever may Nave toe its | ougbt to retain all the wera any origical character, bas become nothing ete for us | Huions st the same time, of the protectorate it bet a military peiien, the mpipienanee snd adan- | claimeover thom; sod, in admitting that this pro- donters of wh! maha hee tegterate’ should be tded upon = Ra opean to etrategical considerations, it is herefors, | gusractee, Cin vain fiad how the whom a rough sketch of the locality which 19 to be | order to understand the description of what is to | to the Place de la Gonsorde, which finishes my | | second division, three quarters of a mile more. | In the gardens of the Tuileries, a relief is to be | le the sweet sound of their falling | of the Ca- | ‘before we voluntary up, out of regard to the situation of where, * - 5 ae point push. re-establishing in our favor the eqeili! hist everywhere else us, We knew at Scie Sra as "vorae tance ot all ap orebension in Turkey, Temain at iberty either to pursue us cn the evacuated territory, or to em- ploy all their disposab’e forces, in futu e, to iavade our Asiatic or European coast,eo as to impose upon us unacceptable condt'ions, it is evident that Aus tria won)d bave asked ust? weaken ourselves mo- rally and mater Sally by a pacrifics en pure perie. ‘To exact fiont gia that she snould place her self entirely at the mercy of her enemies, when the | latter do not dissimulate the totention of upsetting | or diminishing her power—to exyove her to all tt iy ke wit may Fey it Sy ay against her, jacing every @! | feusive-—to’ deprive ber, foal, tn the name of peace, of every means of obtaining that tat peace should not be ruinoug and disouorable for ier, | would be an act so contrary to all theliws of equity, to every rinciple of military honor, that we flatter | ourselves in the belief (nous nous plaigons acroire,) nu such idea could bave forone moment entered the mind of his Majesty the Emperor Francis Jo- seph. r To communicating to us the protocol of the 9th April, the Coprt of Vienna lays stress, wita us upon the pantie engagement taken be it towards tne Western Powers tv bring about, by all mevas in its power, the final evacuation of tue Principalities; but, in taking that eugagement, Austria ould not re- fuse itseif the choi e of the means which might s:em to it most proper to fulfil ite, obligstions—trat of placing Russia in condition to proseed with the evacuation with kocor and safety. Tne very obli- gation which she bas contracted gives her, on the | contrary, the right of insisting with the Powers that they do not, by their exactions, prevent the saccess of Ser effor &, The same applies ty the interests of Austian aod German commerce, invoked against | the prolongation or extension of our military opera: | tions. They authorize tne cabinet of Vieana to use with the two Powers the same reasons a3 with us; for if the interests of Austria and of the whole of erway msy momen‘artly safle: from our + pera rious ou the Danube, with greater reason do they suf er, and still more seriously, like those of ali aeutcal | States, from tne situation caused by $16 marit me | | operations of F ance and Englaud im the Euxine, | | in the North Sea, and in the Baltic. | Let the Aastrian government, then maturely | weiz bing these considerati ns, expiaio itself towa ds vaon the subject of the gnavanteea of security which it can give us, and the Emperor, out of defe | | sence to the wishes and inte:este of Germany, ¥ oald | beiuelined (serait dispasé) to enter jato negotiation on the precise period of the evacuation, The Cabinet of Vienna may, befoveband, be persnaded that his | | Majesty shares in the aame degree with it the desire of putting as speady a tra as possiole to tte crisis which weighs at thia moment upon ali European situations. Our august master still wishes, as he | always has wished, for peace. He does not wish—_ we have repeated it, and we repeat it again—either | incefinitely to prolong the occupation of the Priaci- | | palities, or to estubish himself there iu a perma- | nent manner, or to iaco-porate them with his States, still less 10 overthrcw the Ottoman empire. In this | respect, he makes no difficulty to subscribe to the | eT principle laid cown in the protocol of the 9th | rll — | Inraomity ov Turkey.—This point has nothing | | which is not conformable to all we have hitherto enounced, and it will not be menaced by us as long as it shall be reapected by the Powers whica occupy | a os moment the waters and the ter:isory of the , jn) an. { Evacuation or Tue Prinoiranirms.—We are | | willing to proceed therewith, on suitable securities | ; being given. \ | Consouipation or THe RicutTs or THE CuRts- | | TIANS IN TunKEY..—Starting from the idea that the | | civil oe to be obt-ined for ali the Cavistian sub- | j of the Porte ae inseparable from the religious | ; Tights as stipulated by the protocol, aud would be- | come valueless for our c > religi onis‘s, if the latter in ; acquiring new privileges did not reta‘n the ancient | | ones, we have ren A declared that if it was thus the demand which the Emperor has made to the Porte would be fulfilled, tue motive of the difference ‘ | Set aside, avd his Majesty ready to concur in the | | European guarantee of those privileges. | | Such being the dispositions of the Emperor on the | Capital poizte indicated in the protoool, it appears | to us, niy Prince, that, provided peace {swished for | without arriéve pensée, which renders it impossible, it would not be difficult to arrive at it on this triple basis, or, at least to. prapare the negotiations there- | of by means of an armistice. { This is tho hope which ycur Excellency will kina- | ly expresa (voudra bien exprimer) vw the Austrian | uet, by communicating to it deapatch, Re- oeive, ko,» Nussstxope. ‘ DESPATCH FROMM. DROUYN DHL BOVE TO BARON BOUAQUENEY, MINISTER OF THE KMPRROR AT VIENNA. Pants, July 22, 1854. MonsiEck LE Baron—I have reeivec the dee patches wi ich you have done me the honor to write to me, up to No. 121, asd yoac telegraphic despatch | | of yesteréay has also reached me. | Whatever interest the double communiestion | which you announce to me must necessarily off-r to the government of hiv imperial Majesty, I need | Dot await it to appreciate, en pleine connairsance | de cause, the ot Me the Cabinet of St. Petesbarg. | For come days it document has been in my bands, which was, as you kao, presented by Gen. Issskcff to all the governments who were repre- | sented at the Bamberg conferences, and the Empe- | | ror, before his departure for Biarritz, had time to | examine it, aod to give me his iastructions, | I shall object but a very few words to the | commencement (debut) of Count Nesselrode’s despatch. Ruseia persists in throwing back u:oa | the Western Powers the responsibility of a crisis | which she alone provoked. She complains of the | form of their summons, and beholds in a step | which her scts have rendered necessary the de- termining cause of the war. This is toi ing a little too eoon she series of long and laborious Legotietions which ocenptod last year; it is not tak- | ing sufficient account of the multiplied warni | which ia every form France and Eoglacd pms | | the cabinet of St. Petersburg; finally, it iss wilfal | self-disayowal that, from the day upon which the | Russian armies invaded the Principalities of the | Danube, peace was so mach compromised that the meat loyal, the most patient efforts could not save | it. Ushalt, therefore, M. le Baron, confine myself | | to recall to mitd that the despatch of Count Buol to Count Esterhazy, the very same to which | Count Nesselode replies, re establiahed as it should | do (comme il faltast), the verity ot the parts (dels), and thatthe confe ence of Vienus, ia the protoc of the 9th of April, solemaly recognized that the | summons addressed to Russia by France and Eag- | Jand was founded in night, était Fe or en droit. Europe hss, therefore, pronounced {te judgmeat by | | its most accredited organs, and that suffices for us, | I now come to the political part of tue Russian communicstion. What at the very first strikes me is that, in only teeing to the step sttemptea by Austria, avd supported by Prussia, a character | parely Germanic, oee two Powers could not show themselves satiefied with the result of their insist ances, The despatch of Count Buol to Count Esterhazy pnt in relief the two following points: — 1. The necessity of evacuating, within a short de- y, the Principalities of the Danube. | 2, The impossibility of subordinating that eva- | Cuation, claimed in the name of the essential in- | te.ests of Germany, to conditions independent of | the whl of Austria. | Now no limit is fixed to the occupation of Molda- | via aud Wallachia, and the proclamation of an ar misti e is considered as the condition sine gua non of the retreat of the invading armies beyond the Pruth. Tee prejudice which Rasa, according to the testimony of Aust'is and Prussia, bears to the Ge matic Confederation. by not within ita territorial limite, subsists, consequently, in full, avd not only does it be ome aggravated by its dura- the legit 80 by the fin de 1 eayed e c e imate representations raised have just been theo ‘The Cubinet of St. , it is trae, adheres, it says, to the principles laid down in the protocol patircntetens nat Leh E scape he Nn troops on ttoman tory already takes from that declaration—which I wish to examine closely = the of ita value. The evacuation of the is, in fact, the primsry condition Of the integrity of the Tarkish emp , and the fact of their ocoupation constitutes a flagrant violation | of Earopean right The crisis troubles the world—I | the more rently MS because an attempt is ma ie to ater eae of the Prath; Siecle char isn vader end the protector? What is there between the presence cf ailied troops, de- miso ded by toe Sublime Porte, aut roriaed by & diplo- He RS of which must cease by ac tm arm: ‘nto the Ottoman territonte sd lnsily, Mle Baron, the reap’ ‘yrat | eftne Co ty OF 1 Am very much miataken, that the Cablact of St. terel P \cogndtine wee Greeks - independence and sovereignty of the Sublime Porte conn oo ie _ such a aystem. Toe not wish to say that Barope oun thow if- = to ey ame! / the a < Tayas; oD contrary, ought to cover those prpulations with ita tude, and come to an understanding to eno»u'age the bene- volent diapoeitions of the Sultan in their favor; but {t firmly believes that the reforms of which the sys- tem is susceptible, to which the different commu- nities of Turkey are submitted, ought to be salatary as {cece their fon Ps ment on ires ent; ai foreign assistance, it sho be an auacalls pition shown by goed and well-meant advice, and not by an interference founded upon treaties which n> Statponald subscribe to without abdicating its inde- dence. Pena examination of the reply of the cabinet of would St. Petersborg be complete, M. le Baron, unless I observed thst Count Nesselrode avoids with extreme care to make the test allusion to that one of all the’ paragraphs of pro‘ocol of the 9th of April which deserves’ most to attract his atten- tion, abd the only one, in our opinion, which has a capital importan ¢, a¢ it. imligs the necessity of a ie a sie of the ancient relations of Russis with Turkey. France and England could not therefore consent toa of arms on the vague assurances given by Count Nes:elrode touching the pacific dis- ‘ions of the St. Petersburg cabinet. The sacri- ices made by the allied powers are very consider- able, the object they have in view is great enough for them not to stop on the way before having tne certitude of not being obliged to recommence the war. The particular concitions they wit! put for ace depend upon too many eventualities for them indicate them at present, and in this respect they reserve their opinion.* ; However, M. ie Buron, the government of his Im- perial Majesty, ia perfectly willing to make known at once some of the guarantees which appear to it indispensable to reassure Europe against the revurn ot a new and proximate pertarbation. These gu+ rantees result from the very situation which point- ed out the dangers of their absence, ‘Thus Rarsia has taken advantage of th» exclusive right of surveillacce which treaties conferred uyon ber, in the relations of Moldavia aud Wallichia with the sovereign power, to enter those provinces as if they were her own territory. Her privileged position in the Euxive has allow- ed her toform establishments in that sea, aud to develope there au amount of naval forces, which, from a want of ali counterba‘ance, are a perpetual menace against tie Ottoman empire. The possession, without covtrel of the principal mouth of the Danube, by Russia, has created moral and material obstacles to the navigation of that great river, which affect the commerce of nations. Finally, the articles of the treaty of Kutchuk- Kainard}i, relative to the religious protection, have become, in consequence of an abusive interpreta- tion, the original cause of the struggle now main- | tained by Turkey. On all these points there are new reguiations to befeatablished, and important modifications to be | made, tothe status quo antebellam. It may be said, common interests of Europe will 1. That the protectorate exercised hitherto fby the Imperial Court of Russia over the principalities of Moldavia, Wallachia, and Servia, shall cease in future, and that the privileges accorded by the Sul- tans to those dependent provinces of their empire, should, in virtue of an arrancement concluded with the Sublime Porte, be placed under the collective guarantee of the powers, 2. Thst the navigation of the mouths of the Da nube shoul’ be free from all obstruction, and subject to the application of the principals consecrated by the acts of the Congress of Vienna. 8. That the treaty of the 13th July, 1841, should be revised by agreement of the high contracting pres in an interest of European equilibrium, and the sense of a limitation of the power of Russia in the Black Sea. 4, That no power shall claim the right of exer- cising an official protectorate over the subjects of the Sublime Porte, no mutter to which rite they belong, but that France, Austria, Great Britain, Prussia and Roasia shall give their mutual concur- rence to obtsin from the initiative of the Ottoman government the consecration and observance of the religious privileges of the different religious com- mubpities, and turn to account, in the re-iprozal in- tiocn guntfentes by hls Majesty the Saltan, without ye Ban! y his t! , wi any heel pe eos upon the digait; and iadepen- dence of his crown resulting therefrom. The conference, if it meets, will, I fistter myself to hope, recognize that none of the ideas I have just expresced are contrary to fe pred of the | 9th April, and that it waaeven difficult to contain | within more moderate limits the inveatigation (/a | recherche) which France, Austria, Great Britain and | Prussia. bave, at this period, formally engaged | themselves to make in common on the subject of the | mers mcet proper to consolidate the existence of I think, that the a | Turkey by attaching it to the general equilibrium | of Eno) pe. The recent commusications of M. de Hubner authorize me alieady to say that the opinion Count Buol coincices with mine, and that he | takes the same view as Ido of the guarantees which Europe has the right to demand from Russia, tobe no longer exposed to a renewal of the same com) lications. Such is, M. Je Baron, the reply which the Emperor hae ordered me to make to tre contents of Count Neselrode’s despatch. You will be enough to | haps & copy of this reply to Count Buol, and to g him, if necessary, to call t the Confer- ence to communicate it to them ‘0 resume—the document which has emanated from the Cabinet of St. Petersburg makes absolately no change in the respective situations, and, in the opinion of the goveroment of hia Imperial Majesty, it will only serve to define them still more distiact- ly. Since-Russia bas stii] to make known her inten- ons in a practical and positive manner, France ga England persist in their attitude of belligerent owers; and, a8 the Principalities have been evacuated, Prussia and Austria will doubtless come to the conclusion ( (jugeront) that the obligations revulting from the treaty of the 20th of April, and strengthened, as regai its private agreement with the Sublime Porte, sub- sist in their integrity and have fallen due. Receive, & Droory be L’avys. 00) OPINIONS OF THE FRENCH PRESS. aie the Journal des Débavs, Aug. 12.) The Moniteur has published two dosuments of the highest importonce—first, the answer made by Russia to the demand for the evacuation of the Prin:ipalities, which has been drawn up by the Cabinets of Vienna and Berlin; and next, the re- ply which the communication of the Russian an- swer has produced from the French government. We thus find solved the doubts which we have be fore Sg tageed as to the effect which the evacuation of the \cipalities might produce on the Western Powers, We asked ourselves whether they would regard the retreat of the Rassian army asa sion made be gt and Mined might : re-establishment We dow know that the (From the Paris Scicle, Aug 12 It is useless to comment on the reply selrode to the summons of Austria; it z 93 z & a iM a. fi 8 e ae of a year; makes ita the part of the Western Powers to have after the en‘rance of the Russians into provinces, If France and England signified to Rossia an ultimatam of war sage of the Pruth, we should not have months in exch notes and protocols, the fir al result of course of proceeding foreseen by the men least versed The or of Russia draw back after his recourse retreat from the Principalities at this moment double movement. He withdraws he wante to trate his at the same time Bessarabia wants, by this aj of Hi EF 5 8 4 z 8 : af among the European and to thanks to the uncertainty whith the evacuation is about to ce in the ileas Of the various governmien 8 i # dated from the Cabinet of Vienna, by | THE POSITION OF A it oes Gee as pst on Council could give the House somewhat more detailed | ipformstion as to the vature which had been made by the Austrian to the govei pmenta of England and France as to the prairie —_ exacted fre Rassia ¥ = mainte pence re , and against aggres- sion op tre part of Rassis. Lord J. Russexx eaid that a communication had been made by the Em trian government, thatit was the intention of Bua- tia to evacuate the well es Waltachia. Affui of Al was of The USTRIA. te, a of the commuvication of Rursia to the Aus- Principalities—‘oldavis as iniater for Foreiga ustria, however, had intimated to the ministers of Eng'and and France that His ready to notes which had proceed with been reviously agreed uy with a view to the counttogamonns Peace, notwithstanding the evacuation of the Princivalities. Tae note of the Eogieh and French Ministers of a statemest e general nature of the securities which would be required tor the future peace of Earope against the aggressions of Ruasis. not state further the nature of those securitles—they were stated in the very able pay ister for Foreign Affairs, whiol Hear, hear.) He need ‘the French Min- been publisued by order of the Emyeror, in the Moniteur,and which his hon. friend had no doubt seen. The answer of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Austria was 80 far satisfa:tory, as it showed that the Emperor of \th the restoration of Austria would not be satisfied wi the status quo, and Ment as to that there was a general agree- e securities which were demanded ¢ English ard French governments, being by th the proper basis of negot dations. The Austrian Minister did not go further at present. It remained tu be een whether the Mujest: & would think interchange of notes wl pment of Russia. and whether the armameats ‘ich it of His Imperial pone to communicate the had taken place to. tho which had been made by the Emperor of Austria of late vould be put into action, ia order to obtaia by force, if they could not be ob:ained by negotiation, those securities to Eurove which the English avd the French governments deemed absolutely necas- tary, and which, he trusted, the German Powers would likewise concur in asking and insisting upon from WHasT THE ALLIES CAN DO WITH BOMAR- SUND AND THE ALAND ISLANDS. [From the London New: There is no doubt of Bomarsuni ail | COur advices by the Europa inform us of its fall Aug 16.) being soon taken. into the hands of the allies—Ep. Hgnaup.] The speculation is~-What shall be done with it and the Aland i+lands when they have fallen into our hands? The inbabitavts of those Se eatin The | 14,000 of them peop! group. the stupidity of Ruan peasants, bu’ care of themselves under difficulties. islands are people of a There are usually about have not can take In spring they all till the ground and fish; in summer, they fish and carry provisions up acd down the Bothnian gulf, and act as pilots; as autumn comes on they gather their harvests, snd later on fell wood and salt cattle for us? ard sele, and carry fuel and the wail when to ali otters the Gulf is impassable. Every chld among them knows eve creek ard chanel of the curious lab; rock and th amidst which they live. Every man can buili a hut, and | every woman can row and property against the wolves. jor so long shown themselves up to every! skate, and defend her These people have thing, that we cannot think it by any means a desperate lot for French winter among if it should be thought neses- soldiers and sailors to pass a and pogr to do so. As they trade in food and fuel all dhe winter thro may surely be the) of ted a | to bim. consider ghar to to Tornea, the; auy Power that iend)y, which may hold the citadel aresund this And the Czar is doing he can to make the islanders prefer ua fe has taken all their stron, in the forts; he has burned their men to serve ‘wellings, and eveu their woods and crops; he has laid bare their soil all around Bomareund, so that the old men, wo- men and childen cannot pasa But there are other islands at hand, whence help may be b: for ir C. Nay supplies the winter there, ad, or to which the houseless peasants: shelter; and they are ver; has fixed 80 li irawn from those islsnds, that the inhabi- rich jast more @ tariff for the tants will doubtless be very glad to sve us settled hem, instead of the us, who cut off amorg tl boys heads for taking our money. ot money they have plenty just now; and plenty j my five miles from the Swed: buy timber to make themselves new huts, as s00a as the Roseiana are will be passing all tl and more than the autumn. the, only tiventy- Nee they can Their market boats autumn. in our servi 6; Ie must be remem: bered that the climate is far milder in those islands than at Fipnieh Rene points of the main land. When the t bors are frozen hard, there are al vays some among the islands that are open. ‘There are always channels or bays where the ice is tain and brittle; ard between the Swedish coast and the islands it is a very rare thing inceed for the ice to be trustworthy for the whole distance. [he people do not stay at home on that account. Between boat and rledge—between rowing, haulivg, and marching, they convey themselves and goods; and the accidents are surprising!y few, as the regularity +f the tails msy show. agen sre extremely weat! our advantage in bein; They can always tell, and will be glad sekes to do it, thie next winter, when & the Gulf is peactey know when to Finnish shor: ir islan: the: seldiers te an le for boat, mi expect the wolves from the e to devour the game and farm ds; and they can tneref< meta eae i} again ain thelr their own , OF beast. expectation of the arrival of the 2 vi human wolves whom the Czar is reported able to keep themselves 80 through, that it is sale ‘table difficult to conceive why they should not show our men how to keep themselves safe and comforta- ble too. The citadel once taken (it may probably be ours | by this time), there ‘n'a good stout mass of build- ings for the accommodation of several thonsand men. The peasants staff the chinks of their houses 3 and, when wiater fairly sets , A at com: mand, and fuel, and proper clothing? Lge | to compare wi tada, and in O: ith lar 5 islands can in tions, Cape worse station; 80 were many others in C; |, and on Of the globe. Inhabited tinent. pl abee tn the hardships that our a seamen have undergove a of Pel i former wars. many & desolate E Fei HE BE EE. it ee fi i Q i & 5 H i i Ey Fill = » fe feetitl 8 z3 EE 5 4 ‘of the | tH i : i we: a es a ry eueyt i : SITUATION OF TRE ALAND ISLANDS— CHANCES OF A WINYER OCCUPATION one So eands lying about twenty-five * The grow al miles from the coast of gweden and fifteen from that of Finland, in the Gu'f of Bothnia, ia known to the Finns by the namg of Abi It cou- sists of no less than eighty inbabited, and two hus- islets, largest of which dred upinhabited }, the about eighteen miles in lengtn by fourteen im breadth. On this island the fortress of Bomarsund has been constracted the Russians withia Tost twen! yar and itis here that the French altic, supported the marines the is now en; in the rtsnt eperation of the war. The fortress We said to be large enough to shelter an of 60,000 men within the: range of its aniwe sre assured that 10,000 laborers employe in the construction of the works thet portion ef che year when it is possible Fi army of the Z Fe, ii iu fn 20 severe a climate. We cannot, however, veuch for the accuracy of these numbers; but it is cer- tainthat the place is one of able extent and le of sustaining a large garri- son, and not likely to be taken withont the opera- tions of a regular siege. The principal fortress coa- sista of a double tier of semisircular bat- casemated the sea, mounting at least eig: ut this fort does not appear to of the lat teries frontin; heavy guns; & be armed on the side ud, Ata distance about 1,000 yards from the principal fortress and from the shore are three mound: or hilio.ks, two of which are fortified as detached works, mouatin: about twenty gunseach. That to the vorth is Fort Nottich, and is 130 feet hign; that to the soutm is called the Tzee Fort; the central mound is used for a telegraph station, These works boar a'most the same relation to the main fort of Bomarsuni aa the forts of Arab Tabaia and Medjidjie bore to the town ot Silistria. To attack those works it ia s pored that the land forces will advance ia two visions. The brigade from the north will consist of 2,000 French infantry, 100 savpers and miners, 600 marines, 16 heavy 32 pounders, four field-pieces, and one rocket company, being the force destined te attack Fort Nottich in the first instance. ‘The bri- de from the south will consist of 3,000 Fren:b ia- fantry and 30 heavy siege guns, under the command of General Ba jay D ’Hilliers in person, and will attack the Tzee Fort. Tne interest 0: the position of the enemy and of the siege consists in the redac- tion of those detached forts, and in this operation the ships can take no active part. This fact establishes two points of considerable interest to our maritime operations in tne Baitie, It is clear, in the first place,that in the shallow waters and difficult pan of that inland sea our Lindi deckers can ly ever be brought safficiently poe to the ’g wot ke to bear upon them with The block: pe and heavy fri sre alone able to go into harbors of this description, and it was not without reason that on the occasion of the Baltic expecitions of 1800 and ‘1807 all the ships selected for that service were second or third rates. Tne use of such ships ag the Dake of Wellington, the St. Jean d’Acre and the Neptane iu the Baitio is to keep the Russian fleet in check, and the manner in which these huge vessels have been handled by our masters and pilots is such as to call forth the lume from the Rassisns themselvee. &! i result of experim edly favorable to land fortifications against mariae arti » The opinion of the Duke of Wellingtom ia thus confirmed, who said in the House of Lords, after the successfal atta. k on St. Jean d’ Acre, 1840, that it must not be supposed that ships were @ match for well defended tiea. The 8p to have resolved to act apon this and, although hollow shot acd shell will be ot d at a long range, it cannot eir intention to attempt the reduction of the by breaching the seu front. We have no donbt this resolution is perfectl, © i governments 10,000 to 12.000 infantry a embarked; that a battering train wae sent, and two of the ablest engineer officers of tne Freach and English armies were reserved for this service. The cepa nee all landed on the 8th iust.,oa a part of the island distant about three miles from the fortress. The Russian garrison, which is su peace No Gtaates oF 200 as made no attempt lefend the adjacent coasts, ut retired withia the wale, having first set fire to the woods, which might otherwise have supplied the enemy with timber, and to the villages, which might heave farniehed ions. Tve islands, howe and detached on rocky mounds. At any rate, prep peer ket re wo tveninneheners y ‘open trenches or covere: mines; Tiret bethacee, te mee have recourse to the imperfect shelter of sand and abattis, ond the place will not bet: serious loss. If we are correct in . i F [ thelr 10 afford to theh orthern rh tn ir De the 4 the Western Maes cones to take themselves the ee gation ig out of such an » must be well eatisfiec of its cbject and probable results. ‘The of the Engiteh Paritamewt. fi uF Hi if righ ih | fj