The New York Herald Newspaper, August 11, 1854, Page 2

—_—o Our Albany Correspondence. Ausanr, Augast 7, 1854. Rumors False and Plausible—Great Concern as te Bronson's Acceptance—A Money Can- didate Wanted—The Soft State Conven- tion—A Rupture Inevitable on Nebraska— Seymour to be Nominated, &c. There are v rious predictions afloat, rumors set on wing, and winking and blinking among a set of self-constituted wiseacres, all prs bec create an impres-ion that the hard of this State and the barnburning softs intend to amalgamate before the November election. It has been aseerted that delegations of the hards have been close ed at Washington with Maroy and Pierce, aud that the latter has pledged the unanimous support of the softs to any other candidate for Governor than Judge Brongon, Others have siated that overtures have been made, and that tho Judge is to be withdrawn, or decline pnremptorily previous to the meeting of the State Convention on the first Wednesday of September, in order to leave the field open for the nomination of a candi- date—a hunker, a national democrat—whom the harda can vote for, and the softs also swallow. And it is urged by a tew hard prints that the letter to the convention of the 12th of July, is 8 virtual declension, and therefore a necessity exists for another nominec—a live candidate— who will not decline, but enter the contest with spirit, and spend his money with a perfect loose- | wees during the cawpaign, It is stated that toere is such a man in the city of New York, nnuitary titled, who has yearned for a noimina- | tim several years, here is not a particle of truth in the asser- tion that any hardshell bas been to Washingtoa ou euch an errand. Who is clothed with autho- rity to enter upon such a mission? Who would a--ame such a hazarsous responsibility? Wuat man, or set of men. would venture to arrozate such power? Bronson was nominated at Syra- | cuse without any casual event or contingency | whatever; he was. in’ truth, the candidate of | the harda for Governor, from the moment Pierce | turned him out of the Custom House. Nine- tenths of the members of the convention | were ohosen upon that especial ground, | for that identical purpose, If the | Jud, bad intended in his answer | to Mr. Nivin’s committee. to adhere to his atatement contained in his letter to the conven- | tion, the conduct of the three or four hard pa- | pers, who urge him to decline, will very like- | ly induce him to remain a candidate. His name | waa placed upon the ticket because it was the | most obnoxious of any other in the State to the | Our Quchee Correspenden, ae 20. think, manifest ¢ from all and I per- Qurprc, August 3, 1854. | sonally am ccguaatad wit it trom log a. Important Official Declarations of Mr. Hincks | dence in ee at hd and the Solicitor General—How the | cratic Churches are to be Treated—Policy of the | It is in vain to say, “We have ro monarch; Home Government—Will England I.nore we have no titled nobility,” when you have Her Colonies? — Working of the New Con- | Fa panes rile eienhs® senect more sumnipe- stitution. ble; and the real jon is not whether this The Parliamentary elections in this country faith is true and its advocates worthy of re- have produced two declarations of remarkable | spect, (im any cace, it may be added, for the j of character on the par: of the government—the | Purity of their mot and the goodness of one from Mr. Hincks, the Prime Minister of the-| ,elt intentions.) or he reverse i all reap2ots; sincere friend of the American country, the other from the Solcitor Generalfor constitution can see with indifference the the Eastern section of Canada. The firs: declares | growth of the sacerdotal power on any portion that the government ought to secularize the | Of this continent. I regard the question merely 7 as one of temporal authority; as being simp]; property of the English Church inthis Province. who shall fe in trath the right of alee The second is o long manifesto from “Mr. Soli- | the priest or the Let no suaony be a ; People 3 citor,” explaining to the Roman Catholics that | drawn between a Catholic hierarchy in their property is not endangered in the least be gre a widely different, iy wy by the measure inquestion. He admitsin this counts, the morality and intelligence of the long, but scarcely even plausible document, pastors are even more different than the condi- that seven Bishops of the Roman Catholic tion of their flocks. Moreover, generally speak Church have remonsirated against the measure, ing, language would offer no barrier, as in the case of the Mexican padre; and in Canada the but says the goveroment are determined to Jesuits, ably and numerously represented, are carry it. In orler, however, to conciliation, gee ero Pw the ee cotinasita ih be says the Roman Catholic and Angl:can pro- | Jnder ese circumstances the condition penton are not at all on the same fouting ; Prox of Canada would seem not devoli of interest to | that the former are chiefly P abhi) grants—the the remainder of the continent. Her too speed, | latter » public grant; and draws a distinction dmission into the Union, it has been said, between the two species of donation, whichdoes Would seriously interfere with the vexed ques- not seem to strengthen his cage, let alone that tion of negro emancipation; but what objection | he does not account for the balance of the Ca- could present itself to the following settlement tholic property. That the power waichcandeal of the affairs of Canada, if compatible with with land reserves, can also legislate for tithes, | Beitat and, friendly relations with Great (now collected by law from the Catholic | Lritwin? Suppor the district of Gaspé given peasantry for the priesthood,) is an obvions ‘ver to New Brunswick, Upper Canada and truth which cannot have escaped either Mr. | half the district of Montreal to be an inde- Solicitor General Ross or hishearers, Thoclergy | pendeut republic under the protection of thg of Rome in this country have always taken | United States, (as the Tonian Isles are under a widely different view of their position from | the protestion of Great Britain,) and the re- that of Mr. Solicitor General. They bave always | maining portion of Lower Canada, by far tho said, “You, the people. cannot legislate for | largest portion of it, to le divided between the property and Oats possessed by us at tho | Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont; whose | timie of the ceesion of the country; it is secured | imaginary boundaries might be run up due | by treaty between the kings of France and | or to the pole, unless it was thought be‘ter England, and i; under the guarantee of the im- | to leave the mere bunting grounds and almost perial authority.” But Mr. Ross says,“ We uninhabitable “far’* regions of the high nort' will legislate on every subject, though morein | tothe federal government. Whether this be | accordance with your wishes than you appear practicable or no, is a question; but that it to expect.” Here, then, is antagonism at once would be a benefit to mankind I firmly believe. between the church and democracy; and if the By it one might justly infer the parties of the Roman clergy is so alarmed when prelacy is Northern and Soutbera States would be lef’ attacked, what may we not expect when the | pretty much in statu quo. The slave owner contest comes still nearer to themselves? At Would gain this cn the East—that the com- all events, it shows that the attempt cannot , promise bill would be carried over the greater much longer be made to fure together a Pro- ee ot Lower Canada, and the mouth of the testant democracy and a Catholic hierarchy. | St. Lawrevce closed against the fugitive. The A much more important element in this ques- | abolitionist wdtld gain this to the westward — tion is the attitude of the English home gov- | that a great territory. interested in independ. ernment. They are quite willing to leave the | ept sccess to the ocean in its own right, aad | | cut, and the yellow fields, lying between green administration and to its few supportera. An- | Whole matter to the people of Canada, and the other purpose was to make the vote asclear.| London Times and Globe are strong for the and strong as possible against the administra- | policy ot doing so. Now, I consider the former , tion, and prevent the softs and barnburners , of these jeurnals to be virtually a ministerial from giving the ticket their support. Had al- pretending, like Jove on the | most any other name been adopted, the softs | and their allies would readily have coincided, | e into the election with vigor, and claimed | ricsary had the ticket been successful. The | harda prefer defeat, over and over again, with- | out, rather than success with, the aid of the softs | and the administration. It may, however, be that Judge Bronson’sreply is now in the hands | of the committee appointed to advise him of his | oomination—indeed, it is high time that he final- | ly decides; and it may be that upon reflection | he has determined to remain in private lite. Persoms who pretend to some knowledge | ot his private affairs, affirm that it is indispen- sable that he should reject all public e. | What will the hards do for another candidate ? | One of the anti-Broneon papers suggests that | the nominee be selected by the State Commit- tee. Such acourse would be unprecedented, and it is hardly possible that s single member | of it wishes to assume the hig tare Be- sides, the committee have not that power dele- | gated to them, having bren organized for dif- | ferent avd far inferior purposes. They will not | uadertake the task, if the hards go without a candidate. Another sugyestion is, that the members of the late State Convention re-assem- ble, and make another nomination, There are equa'ly strong reasons against such a course. That convention was adjouracd sine die—virta- uliy and effectively dissolved. From that mo- m y member retired to the same position aw he stood previous to being delegated | t» Syracuse. In a word, they accomplished the work they were sent to do. Further: nlac- tewibs of that delegation were selected upon the express gound of being Bronson men, and ‘nothing else.” The acclamation which re- the presentation of his name fully proves this fact. They had Bronson’s declen- sion before them, bat they would not listen to it aeingle moment; and there is no reason to expect a different result if they had a dozen declensions before them. If, therefore, i comes necessary to make another nomination, a new oonvention should be catied. This would give the several candidates an opportunity to test their strength in the Assembly districts. Sut oo man can be nominated unless he stands as Obnoxious to the softs and the administration as Breasgn does. The softs must therefore select from them- selves candidates for a State ticket. It will be composed of material similar to the Grover ticket of last year, with this exception at the | Nebraeka question will weaken it sixty-three percent. When their convention meets, there , wilt be Rynders, Fowler and Cochrane, with the “Short Boys” from the post offices and custom houses throughout the State, demanding, “ by outhority,’’ the endorsement of, and “ acquies- cense”’ in, the Nebraska and Kansas Territorial Dill, a8 an administration measure. Captain Castle’s swivel will be brought to Syracuse, to echo thunder into the ears of the “ insabordi- nate.” On the other band, the free soil aboli- Gonists. who have been engaged in burning lbouglas effigies, denouveing the doughfaces, and threatening destruction, ever since the passage of the odious law, wiil coatend, jach by iach, against the administration doctrine. Such dele- gates as are sent by the New York Post, the Buffalo Republic, Rochester Union, Al- bang -@tlas, and so on—papers which have opposed, denounced, resisted the Nebraska wit from beginning. aod are still villi- cyery man whe voted for it—will never seit. It would be the height and yct,as the especial friends avorites of Pierce and Marcy, maintain a Koman firmness. Which | i ith his “Short ; ‘on in abun- mony” by physi- He may think to have the power to | pour Cown the throats of the anti Nebriskaites | a resolution approving that moasnre. He may obtein pos-cssion of “ Market Lal,” and select the officers of the conventior; but he will fiad those ready to “jerk away the chair’ from the | presiding officer. His opponents will also take example from cnte Dan Taylor, aud see that a battalion of ‘Salt Pointers” are stationed ia re- cerve, though their short payment by the hank- | ors last year may be a warnio to them not to enliss until the bonnty is pre-paid. It may easily be, however, that the discomfitted party | will reeort to the famous “JIadies’ parior’’ at | she Globe Hotel, and there make proclamation | egainst their opponente, in imitation of the hard | shell & year ago, which obtained fdr them a | hundsed thoasand votes, as they say, pure and unceataminated. As the Nebraska bill is the | only measare which the administration claim | as exolutively their own, a general approval of | its meeeures must include also, being the most’ conepicuoys o/ them a'l—indeed, if there is any other. te ia mow rendered quite certain that Sey- | mour will be nominated by the softs and ram- | wies ; the latter intend to control the conven- tion, which they can easily do, as it isto he | composed of some five huodred delegates, A. | — 1 Cerst.—Geveral arreste for drunkenness under | tse sew fiquor law wore made in New Haven re- athe, agd a nomber of Nqaor selzares took plane. Moilidivm says voat “whea some forty bottles were belog taken from the *, comer of Morooeo street Congress | be very innocently rema:ked that they wore | weof » child jost weaned, and | cevel to remove: it under the circum: | ‘ efor t wae | organ, beets Olympian heights, to view with calm serenity “the puny strife of mortals here below.” As for the latter, it was always (when I was in | not by contract or concession, would awais an- | pexation; and in the event of acquisitions of large territories by the South, the abolitionists | might call for the admission of Upper Canada as a compromise. Towards Canada it would act thus—it would relieve the Upper Proviuce | ota distasteful union, and it wou'd emaneipate the Lower Province in miad even more than England,) and I believe is still reported to be | in body. As for England, it is the nation | Lord Palmerston’s personal organ, and takes | which, by treachery, and unresisted, stripped | in substance the eame view as the Times. No | the Acadians (the French of Nova Scotia) of | English cabinet can ever have been ignorant | al! that they had, and hurled them naked on | that elective institutions, with an endowed | foreign shorcs to perish—an atrocity forbidden hierarchy, virtually anfounts to theocracy. | even by the laws of the Vandals, which de- :~ , benefit, which the whig lords who b car, to drive the | 91 They must have known that Lower Canada would give the virtual direction of affairs to the French Canadian race—hitherto this has in the main been the case. The monetery advan- | tages of the union of the Provinces have been, | on the whole, I am inclined to think, decidedly | in favor of Upper Canada; but if so, they are ene the price paid for the political power , wielded by Lower Canada. | From the whole aspect of the case, I conceive the design of the British government to involve other eonsidera- tions than the mere desire to hear as little of the colonies and be able to ignore their exist { ence as inuch as possible, and I think a slight retrospective glance at one most important item in the bistory of the New Worid will show this to be the case. When America declared her independence, Pitt conceived the idea of erecting an hereditary aristocracy in this coun- try, and of making it in all respects as com- pletely anti-American as possible. What wis , then contemplated by means ef aristocracy is now conceived more easy of accomplishment by theocracy; and the object of British policy is doubtless based on the maxims which in- duced Cardinal Richclien to support that faith | in Germany which he persecuted in France. That the good faith of the nobles ef Britain, in granting to Canada what they bave refused everywhere clee, seems more than question- able, is what I think every candid inquirer will readily admit. If responsible government~- i. e., the elective system—be of ey 1 cod plan for Canada actually had the incoasisten (in view of their titles) to declare it was, w! do they refuse the same system to the char- | tists Of England, to the repealers of Ireland, to the millions of India? The new elective ‘ council bill, for instance, in effect vests the whole power of the country in the hands of the House of Assembly; for ‘though the qaaliti- cation is a trifle higher for the Legislative Council than for the Assembty, and following the plan of the Roman Senate in requiring a certain age in the Putres Consecripti, yet these distinctions amount in substance to just no- thing; because the qualification in elector and eandidate if higher in amount similar in kind, and the same classes identically are hold- ers of both amounts, The plan, however. capital one to induce the legislators of a coun- try in which class is caste and a divides the Lazarus and Dives, they are instituting a “distinc whore the Louuty of providence has not allowed them to make a “difference,” based on the Old World “warfare between the houses of have and wai Neither is a qnalitication as.to age material, where @ man’s opinions are formed on the fived basis of race and hereditary creed, ‘and are rarely, if ever, changed from any m>- ttve sare interest. Tis obv . then, that the new constitution of Canada isa practical absorption of the powers of the Sta y one chamber, with, it is true, a ow to it tance. Now, would the Bri- cabinet have been so anx’ to bear down the opposition of the Karl of Derby if they he- | Neved that democracy would be the frnit of the | new ure, and an as imilatios take effect between an netoal li 7 ul that every cone principle has been given by E be conviction that the cler the Vrench C out of il, or, in othe educe it to a nol lity. An important cireumetanee, which must not be overicoked, in reference to the calcula- tion, is, that the majority of emigrants now settling in Canada are Roman Catholics and | Irith, This, therefore, leaves little matter for surprise, that a body of gentlemen so anxious for the success of their frith and aggrandizo- ment of their church, as the Catholic clergy, | should aspire to ultimately rale both sections of the eolony, not as they now do, by the divi- | sions of their adversaries, but by their ewn combined strength. I consider this queation is of very wide im- portance, for I should net suppose that there is | any American who could view witli indifference the formation of an actual theocracy to tho — north of the line 45 degrees by Britain, for the exprees purpose of retarding the junction of the large northern portion of the American conti- nent with the States of the Union, and sowing the dragon's teeth of religious dissension in tho | Unionitself. Such a theocracy would be worse | than monarchy. the influence of the | latter is chiefty material; that of the former mo- | ral. A weak monarchy cannot by arms sitb- | doe a strong republic; but s comparatively feeble cohort of zealous disciples may influence the destinies of a wholo vation where intellect 8 directed by: faith, and persausion, not force, is the weapon. If the clergy in Canata advance with a8 rapid sirides as her_fore, they will have it scon in their powcr to convert these I'ro- vinces into a perfect magazine for the propa- aadism of their faith ia the United States jgw, whatever may be the tencts of Catholici- | ty, or the merits of ite clergy, one thiag is, I | which will probably result in the clared that one-third of his goods should be left to the vanquished whenever his life was spared. And Britain now holds Canada only as “the dog in the manger” held the hay—to keep it separate from the Union. Depend on it she will not be difficult to deal with. She | would make a facile negotiator. “Give up all ' the colonies for peace with -America,” said Brougham; and he spoke the sentiment of Eng- land when he did. That government which | sacrificed the Acadian race to its ruthless po- licy, will not be too tender of that “responsible goverpmect” which it has given their Cana- : dian brethren. The pretext for the measure completed against the one race, was foreign war and pecusiary econo:y: ame reasons may induce the resignation of the other to the benefit of receiving lessons in self-goveriament from neighbors better skilled tbereia than them- | Ii selves. To mankind, the gain would be the the obsolete and antiquated Fronch law suage and institutions of the days of the Bour- ion tyrants—onr prolonged reiga of medy Carkness, and the spread of Angio-Saxou from Florida to the Potar seas, and the speedy extension, throughout all the Western world, of the language of Shakespere and the institutss of Coke. Fronr pe Beovr. Beutar Mveper ann VRoeanuz Deara of Tar Morpmru.—On Saturday }ist a Mr. Blackburn, one of the superintendents of the Nishville and Hen- derson Railroad, near Trenton, Ky., had some difi- evlty with some of the han’s under him, ia the midst of whicb, although no weapons bad been drawn by any of the parties cr blows passed, an Irishman, named Robinson, suddenly drew a knifo or dik and stabbed Blackburn to the heart, causing his death in a few moments. As s90n as Blacki felt the knife he called for his pistel fled in great affiight, cither at th had committed or from fear geance would be taken upon from the place where the stabving ovcarred there ‘was a precipice some thirty fect in depth, and over thisthe murderer pluoged, whether by accident, resulting from his deadly fright,or from design, is tot known. When he was taken up life appeared to be extinet, and the sberifl, when he reached the scene a short time after, did not deem it worth while to oirest him; but during the nigh* a reaction took place and he exhi signs of Hfe, and on Sunday morning he was st utly restored for the sheriff to take him in chi though it is still doabtful whether he will live or uot. Several bones were broken, and there was a severe contusion on the head. Clarksviite Jeffersonian, August 2. Tur BrornrRnooy at Law novel auit was tried in this city before Justice Day, on Saturday laat, between Mr. O'Conuer, an aged me uber of the Catholic church, platatiff, and the Catholic priest, | Mr. O'Flaherty, defendant. [¢ would seem that | Mr. O'Conner, unabie to stand under the oppressive aggreesions of a despotic bigot, made hia appeal to tue civil law for protection and redress. Jt appeared by the testimony that Father O'Tlaherty not only assumed to excommunicate Mr. O'Conner and fa- mily from the church, but directed his man to tear down and remove the old gentleman’s pew. Hence the snit. After a patient hearing, an intelligent , Jory gave the plaintiffa verdict of $75 against the | defendant. Th> case was ably managed on both sides. The summing up of Jndge Sission, the lead- | i «l for the plaint!, was characterized nsual fer vid cloquence, aod an occasional iti m. The de- o be immediately absity by proxy) the meat toc. The proceedings #ere novel and inter- sting, and unlike anything heord of in this section lefere— Cayuga Chief, Aug, Le ; 1 Yop Divenacnrun PASAT AT L—An uffvay, h cf one of the parties, ocenred at the Cold Sping Cenetery yesterday afternoon, It appears that two fuaeral | processions entered the cemetery at the sams time, and two of the hack drivers got into a dispute sbout } {he grave, when one of them, named William McDermut, atyempted to draw a slang shot from his ocket. A b,-stander, whose name we could not learn, drew a pistol aud fircd into MeDermut’s face. | ‘Tho bail entered near the left eye, amd passed down | throngh bis mouth aud tongue, and lodged in his | throat. He was conveyed so the city, ant Dr, Cleveland dressed his wounds. His recevery ia cou- sidered doubtfal. The person who fired the pistol was unknown to those preseat, aad it is doubtfal if | they will be able to recognise him again.—Cinein- | nate Inquirer, August 7. Aw Interretine C. or Loxarviry.—Thomas aud Jerusha Racon, of Ware, who have resently de- ceased, the former at the age of ninety years, the laiteret ei ty four, cnioyed their_matrimontal life | for a peried of Koda ed years. They had ve | childien, and the latter had fifty noe; while the | great grandchildrea are numerous and widely scat- tered, one of them, though but fitteen years of 4 being married, snd already having one child, extending the progeny of the first pair to the fitch | generation. ‘Thomas Kacon was a patriot of the | Revelation. —Spring eld Republican. How Rum Rrvex was Nawer.—The original Ta | Jian nate of the stream was Manitou (Spirit). The Vrench changed it to Riviere du St. Fs ort (River of the Ucly Spirit). Bogtish or American traders translated Uns into Spirit River, and afterwards, “for | short,’ rum being the only “spirit” thea knows ta these parts, oalied it Ttam Wtiver—Mive Senn | . | waste not Our Maryland Correspondence, Faapsricx Courrr, Md., July $0, 1854 The Dreught—The Wheat Crop—Middle- town Valley—German Settlers—South District—Slave Owners—Condition of the Negroes—Insensidility to Heat—Reflec- tions on these Points—Black Children— Corn Crop—Society of the Valley—Reli- gious Denominations—4 Possible Future. This county {s suffering, just now, from drought. The corn, in particular, stands in the greatest need of rain, and none falls, al- though every afternoon since our arrival a gust comes up With clou’s and lightning, and after scattering drops enough to form the dust of the carriage sweep into little dark pellets, without laying it, perversely rolls of to the southeast, with a brilliant rainbow, exquisitely beautitul opject, but profitless to the thirsty crops. As an agricultural district, this portion of Frede- tick county is, you know, rivalled by few parts of the States. The staple is wheat, of | which, by the aid of the new manares, they make as fine crops, one after another, as the virgin Genesee could boast. The access to market is also convenient, the country being relieved of its produce by both the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Cumberland and Chesapeake Canal,a double exit which alike facilitates transportation and keeps down freights. As I mentioned in my last, the wheat is now fields of corn, are covered with the golden shocks,which the farmers are stacking as fast as they areable. A good deal of it, indeed, is threehed, and commands, at the moment that I am writing, about $1 65 on the ground—a highly remunerative price, thanks to the Em- peror of Russia, who is certainly proving him- self the farmer’s friend. If the war continues, for which, I am afraid, some of them are pray- ing, it will be their own fault if they don’t grow rich. : ‘The partioular part $f Frederick county where we are, is peculiar in all respects. The lime- stone, which rises to the surface both east and | west of us, and which forms in the neighbor- | hood of Frederick those fine quarries of varie- gated marble which have supplied the Senate | chamber of the capitol, here takes a | dip, and the wells sunk into the clay { and gravelly soil yield abundant eupplies of delicious soft water, contributiag to the health | and comfort of man and beast. Just suppose that at a distance of some six or seven miles (in the greatest breadth) from the Blue Ridge, ex- tends a chain of high lends of less elevation, which as it advances north draws closer to the main ridge, till they almost blend in one. Be- tween these ridges, and reaching from the Po- tomac to the northern State line of ‘land, is a fertile valley, rolling in great w ulations and watered by streams tbat course down ‘all | the hollows, and which ranks among agricul- turists néxt tothe Genesee country for its | wheat-gowing capacities, Thisis the Middle- town valley of Maryland. + I took a drive yesterday with our host, up | through this fine region and across it,soas to | obtain a complete bird's-eye view of the whole, and feel es if Icould give a pretty fair geo- | graphical account of it. The population is of | two sorts, defined by accurate limits. The | northern part is occupied by German settlers | from Lancaster county, Pa. who entered the State from the northern frontier, and have | dually spread themselves down to with- | in some six miles of the Potomac. | Their farms are all of moderate size, say from one to two hundred acres, which they cultivate themselves,aided by one or two hired hands of their own people. ionally, in the more southern part of their district, they own a few negrees, but higher up towards the State line, not one, as they are prejudiced | against it. They are a hard-working. thrifty race, close managers. and excellent farmers, h uot first claes, as that requires a more 1 expené than their notions allow. igion they ar incipally either German teformed or Lat ws, with a cossiderable | pinkling of a sect called Donkards or | Sunkers. Their information and intelligence | + we should consider limited; there is ialy vot av immense effervescence of mind fertile and Hourishing district, but a erert deal of order and quiet, and I noticed Lusi ihe villages, which necessarily must exist to supply ,an agricultural population, were | ih’ck with @hurehes. | The broader portion of the valley lying to | the south and bordering oa the Potomac is held by old Mary landers of the Eaglish stock. Some of the farms are tolerably large. and all are cullivated by slave labor. They are not so large as the plantations in the Southern cornties, nor do the owners hold so many negroes; but perhaps nowhere does the “ patriarclal” system appear | tobetter advantage, and Ignust say that, whether you ‘consider this world or the next, the black niry of this valley seem to me to rank among the moet favored members of the hu- Tan race. 2 Sereened from the lawn of ihe house where we ure guests, by shrubbery, trees, out-build- ipgs and barns. is the negr) quarter. Every family has acoifortable log house, with a good garden plat, a specious hen-roost. its porkers in the master’s vast pig-pen, its fitches and quar- ters and bacon hanging in the master’s smoke- | house, its share in the round or skirt of the corn field, for broom corn and beans, and its separate | store of corn, (so many barrels for cach man, woman, and obiid,) in hisgrapary. Often in the spring of the year, master’s corn is ex- | hausted, while they have enough to sell him. | They se}! their broom corn, beans and vegetables, | their eggs and chiekens, but not their pork, and | th buy with the proceeds all the luxuries they | fancy : sugar, tea, tobacco--universally used by both sexes—and the finery which the fir sex (if that term can be used in this case) so dearl, prize, The greatest abundance is in their dwetlings; corn bread is ready for all occasions, and the coffeepot is always _ boiling. Thus their intereet in the soil is really as great as their masters, and this circumstance heightens that attachment to it which is so in- | grained in the negro. In the harvest time, when | ibey are severely worked to save the crop, be- sides the conviction they have that on it depends o much of their own comfort in the prosperity of their owners, their privatc expenditure ceases, while their food ts better, Their barrels of corn ( this season; their store of luxuries v touched. There is not a fire on the place Inn but in the master’s kitchen; bread, meat, ee, molasses and water. every kind of whole- ce refreshment and nourishment for laboring 14cm and women, are freely supplied to the hands ‘oling tn that glowing sun, to gather in the rich bounty of the year. It is all very fine to epecu- late, but the simple fact is, that the African, when free, a victim to indolence, to fear, to im- idence, to self-indulgence and to vice, , except in rare and exceptional cases, en- anything like this degree of material com- The Hegro possesses the physique of a la- hands, with their black joys fort. borer; his large lon, ouisides and yellow lining, his large, spreading fect to match, are evidently sui ial vocation. And it is for labor under a broiling sun. At hot noon, the other day, when even my host, who is a practical far- mer, Was regarded by his female relatives as in danger cf a sunstroke from going out with a broad leafed hat, he sent a little boy from the rick to the ficld with a message. ‘The little fel- low cameo by the shacy verandah where we sat, his round head covered with its natural cap of wool, dyed as black and frizzted as close a8 na tare could make it, and over fences, and across ihe stubble in the blazing light and Treat, as to this | light as a bird. He had left a straw hat in the bern, not caring to be troubled with it. He answered the beil of his mistress in passing, with as cheerful a voice as if he had had ey. | ombreflas shielding him from the fire overhe Tf with this physical adapgation for simplo ‘Jabor in hot climates, nature Lad combined a lar atus forthe production of latctlec- tual force and a temperament of that iron kind which disposes to command aad to preserve, there woud have beeus @ proportion, and in fact » race of mocsicrs, Who would havo oe him he throws down the , til cuts him short, or the law fre dins tie instead of a master. I think tis better for him to luxuriate and multiply on a Southern epagecacl in bis own cottage, a Northern hospital or rot in”) 8 Northern jail. i“ The bleck laborer at the South gives his mas- ter one thing which the free white laborer does not—a control over his choice of laboring; and he gets one thing in return, or rather mau: things, which the white laborer does not need, but which he does—foresight, calculation, pro- vision for the future, and a will to labor at all. The last is a precious wage, which ‘ennobles the black man, not de, him. You might as well cay that the soldier is degraded by the discipline which inspires him with the courage and even with the intelligence of his officer, as the negro by that which imparts to him the in- dustry, and in a great degree the intelligence, of the’ white. Virtues obtained by participsa- tion are real virtues, I take it, or elsp the sol- diers of Cesar and Napoleon ought not to be called brave. The sort of or, tion which is _necee! for different races of men is different. When you see that under one organization a race fluurishes and increases, and that under any other it decays and penises, you know that the former isnecessary for them. Arithmetic, or the logic of a great battle, can’t prove a thing plainer than that. The system that ends in defeat is false,and that which wins the campaign is the true tactics. I theught so when, the day after our arrival, a little troopcame to Py eir respects to us— ecme four or five little black nurses, of seven, eight or nine years, holding as many more elony infants in their arms, with large heads and calm features, and baby-frocks white as :now. . It is the calculation of the farmers here, that the corn, rye, oats, &c., shall pay the expenses of the farm and feed the people, leaving the wheat to invest. The prospect of the corn failing is therefore very unwelcome, Kops! when it dashes from their lips the cup of a rare opportunity, such as the present high price of breadstufls affords. Imagine the anxiety with which, under these circumstances, the heavens are watched. when another week of drought will destroy the crop, and three days rain at this moment would save it. We sympathise deeply with the wishes of those around us, and | Inever knew the time when the skyey influ- ences interested me so much. The society here is composed of a few fami- THE WATERING PLACES. ‘The Highlands, Nevasing HicHianpe, Tuo: o August 9, 164. a Nevasink— Shrewsbury River and ite Sum- mer Resorte—Its Commerce and Passenger Traffic—Jersey Productions—A Brief Acx count of the Huckleberry and Blackberry Trade, and its Profits—The Look-out on the Atlantic, &c. &e. At this point, where the Jersey Highlands, ia asharp elbow, infringe upon the Atlantic oocan, we begin to have some idea of the passenger travel between New York and the Shrewsbury river, apd of some of the great staples of Com modore Stockton’s little empire of New Jersey. Shrewsbury is mere inlet from Sandy Hook, divided by a rope of sand from the maia ocean, for four or five miles, when it branches off into the country, into two fine shallow salt watar bays, known as the Nevasink and Shrewsbury rivers, famous as Downing himself for their delicious “ oysters, in every style.” Along this inlet and its branches, we have the summer re- sorts of Thompson’s Atlantic Pavilion, and Riell’s Ocean House, At Port Washington, various establishments at Red Bank, and to the left, a number of coum- try boarding houses, scattered all the way down to Long Branch, where, stretched along for the distance of two or three miles upon the main ocean shore, we have a: number of hetels, on the caravayserai style of Cape May and Newport, and* all pretty well crowded with people, more so than usaal, from the pressure of the cholera in the neighboring cities, from Philadelphia to New York. In- deed, this is the case from Point Lookout, at Thompson’s, for an indefinite distance down within reach of the surf and the sea breezea. But speaking of the tradeand travel of this Shrewsbury inlet, the fact that they occupy daily steamboats in both directions, to aad from New York, will give the distant readers of the H»eatp some idea of it. The boats come down pretty well loaded with passengers an@ groceries, and they return with about the same number of people, (for they are constant- ly coming and going,) but with a variety of agricultural products from the Jersey farmers, such as potatoes, green corn, tomatoes,black ber- ries and huckleberries, apples and The peaches. ield of these Jersey hillsand swamps in black- berries and huckleberries is perfectly astound- lies nearly connected, whose estates border on | ing. A raw hand will perhaps be ocoupledan esch other. There are, indeed, many smaller | bour in picking from the bushes a quart of proprietors lying all around: these, but the in- | huckleberries, and yet each of these four steam- tercourse between them and the larger land- | ers takes up to New York from ten to twenty holders, though friendly, is not intimate, not | buchelsdaily. This fruit is the spontaneous | and he was placed as a clerk ina from aristocratic feeling on one side, so far as I have obzerved, but from the inevitable law of social intercourse in the country. A large Miles uaintance is a bore anywhere, but especit ® rural district. Owing to this peculiarity there is a delicious feeling of re- tirement in this Middletown valley. Every house in sight is the mansion of a friend or re- lative of your host; every grove that diversi- fics the landscape is the ornament of such a dwelling; the woody meena of the mountain that encloses the beautiful country, as far as bret aba these domains, belong to them; if there are villages or scattered houses within eye-shot, woods conceal them, or they are nestled and hidden in valleys. The caly ele- ment wanting to render the view perfect is water, the eye of landscape. We have been here now a whole week, and shall leave to-morrow for a higher point in the mountains. Iehall give you an account of what I sce. Rervs Rapier. E '° ¥. P. CHRISTY, HIS LIFE, FORTUKE &ND 8U0CESS. {Corrospondence of the Albany Express } New York, 8, 1854. You are already aware that E. P. Christy Ms re- tired from the business. As he was the originator of this style of entetainment, | the first to harmonize negro sss ign wont ot nearly all the most popular songs, has achieved nent perhaps in the annals of amuase- ments, I propose to give you a sketch of his career. Edain P. Chiisty was born in Philadetphia in 1815, where he lived nntil be was ten years of age. He received a liberal offer ffom the nds of «is family to go to New Orleans, which was accepted efter his education bad beegsufficiently advanced, e mercantile | house. The sedentary babits of a bas! life were not at all congenial to his baoyant dispc sition. From being a constant visiter at Purdy & Welch's came dis- a then in New Orlesns, he with the dry detaile of business, and joined the itinerant company, baving made up his mind not orly to “see the elephant,” but to travel with him. He maée the tour of the Southern States with this company, leaving New O:leans in 1527, and found it anything buta “ hard road to travel.” When he had concluded that engagement he re turned to his adopted place of resi tence, where he was employed ss the chief superintendest of a rope walk. Here it was, while listening to the simple, plaintive melodies of the slaves ment, that the idea of the present hopniar style of entertainment «a3 born in his mind, confirmed by its effect upon his own feelings. The “Congo Green,” where the darkies had their holiday fetes, guste: , became hallowed ground t> Mr. Christy in days, when he remembered how often he had been a silent, unobserved and delighted spectator of gay negro life, which it bas since been his mission for the past eleven years to reproduce. With a love ai adventure, and a desire to see the world almost consuming him, Mr. Christy, in 1832, again united himsclf to a circus company, and at- tained great celebrity as a negro molodist and comic singer. In this capacity he remained several years, cnconeciously preparing himself for the legitimate business he was creating, and out of which he was destined to realize splendid success. Upon quitting e yin 1835,he became a member of the Eagle street theatre, Buffalo, where as a buffo vo- catist and camic actor, he acquired great reputa- tion. After a few ee retirement from the public stage, finding it impossible longer to resist the fas- cinations of the ‘‘m)nstrel’s” life,Mr. Christy formed & company in 1841,and having performed {o almoat every city of the United States and the Canadas, he established himself in this city, commencing a series of performances in April 27th, 1846, at Palmo's Opera House, now Barton's theatre. He next re- moved to the “Alhambra,” in Broadway, near Spring street,thence to the “Society Lil oms,"” now Hali, where he opened March 22d, 1847, and gave cor certs every night up to the 13th of last month, with only an intermission of a fow weeks in a season of litth more than nine years. Mr. Christy, besides being a pioneer in the descri tion of entertainment which he presented the pul he, brought to the task a clear judgment and untic- ingindustry, His success was gradual batcertatn. avd #s @ curiosity in ity way, we give the facts and figures, whi ch may be relied on:— Serples Average $204 92 $26 70 778 66 2453 A 90 8 % 1,21218 38 6F 99 6,010 86 69 o2 88 216 16T 41 114 09 0 22,779 37 «128 02 2% 18,529 75 110 07 $50 GO 26,495 50158 BT 48,962 25 23,881 00 20,181 25 129 47 60,019 26 26,022 15 28,997 OV 151 78 | 1883... 47,971 75 23,364 00 24,607 75 «153 78 | Total. .2,7%2 $817,589 37 | ‘Thus it will be seen that having fc a compa. ny, and commenced the negro singing s golarty, his first year’s profits in 1842 were less than handred dotlsrs, while in others they have been over twenty five thousand dollars, One saw so much of FE. P. Christy “in public, on the e,” and so little of him socially and in private life, that we know bat little of bi private character. His purse, now weil lined, is aaia to be ever open to the calls of the distressed. He has sold the lease of his Mechaniva’ Gall in Broadqay, to Wood and George Christy, for alarge sum. it Christy at present lives in Grand street, aad I have beard that he ixtenda building a fine “ free stone” up town, where he will enjoy, with a wise liberality and refined cleganco tho fortune he has gained by honest, laborious effort. Long may be wave | Eprxcts ov Ligntwine 1x Canapa—Mre. coins ¢ pais nship ot naman was in her ning, on is the somebed, was Hs while her in- | fant child escaped unhurt. A rn ibe dreadful accident bea,’ sud © os 4 4 over the Se oe corner ta which WA evod, to a plows | ear the stove pipe .ppleton’s book store, and finally to Mechanics’ i | “Brook Farm," 60 | of oxen, | together with one hasdred tons aa fire growth of the undershrubbery ofthese Jer- wet fled is “a Moki al iceman re e ay sicek’ Allowing halt a bushel asa day's ote pha it will require the labor of enty hands for a whole day to Verity bushels. The berries are sold to the b wholegale, at about four cents a quart, would give for the day’s labor of half a bushel the gross revenue of sixty-four cents. Deduet transpertation and other contingents, and the net return of s day’s gathering of huckleber- ries is reduced to fifty cents, “4 tcp fiercest vette Aste more prefita- je. person, ge & good patch, ve f ther, as I am informed. a bushel a day, and they sell readily to the hucksters at twe agen reponse Lewes four boats from bron bury carry up immense supplies i ce ence li juckle ¥ an nous production of the prolific soil of J A but while the former grows in the woods, latter is the luce of the old fields, and chiefly, of the fence corners. In addition to the above enumerated articles, his inlet, and the neighboring fishing bauks of he open sea, furnish large supplies of oysters nd fresh fish for the New: York mar- kets, and, to a large extent, oystering and fishing iu these regions is a regular vocation, intermixed a little farther down on the coast. with considcrable profits from the wreoking business, They tell me that down along the treecherous coast of Barnegat, the professioual wrecker knows better than the best barometer when a storm is brewing, and the quarter from which it may be expected; and that ifever he prays at all, itis for a thick fog, to be followed closely by a stiff nor’easter. Stuck in the send slip before us are a few fragments of the ship North America, wrecked there some years ago; and the surf elace yester- day has le-n beating upon that riband of sand as if hungry for more. How it roared through the night, more full and sonorous than the heavy volume of Niegara; and how savagely the white breakers, in triple line, as far as the eye can trsce the beach, are thrashing and ‘indi st] . e iiceemeer | grinding the restless sand. In the porch of this house, the philosopher may sit for houra, and find abundant employmeot in contempla- ting the vast outward and inward boind ¢ -m- merce of New York—from the little fishin smack to the gigautie ocean steamer. The ine mitable main, from day to day, is enlivened by — the squadrons of peace, more glorious and pow- erful in the march of conquest, in their resulta, than the fleets of Nelson, or Napier, or ——-——“ The spoils of Trafalgar.” We have here at Thompson’s a party of se veral hundred, including a Bed ok of children calculated to give us veliest hopes of the progress of Young America for the next cen- sus, Sanvy Hoox, Arremet or 4 Manrac TO MoRpER ure Tore CuiLpREeN—'The wife of one Cannon, a tailor, re- siding at Castile, W. joming count having becoms scharehak doraaniad, recently, toe hue cqnolud- ed to remove to some other locality, with a view of poms ite the malady o: his wife bya changeaf scene and circumstances. To this end, he hed om Friday last packed up bis effecte and removed them to the raiircad depot at the a a the dcors al) fastened, while she, armed with an axe, threatened to attack ary one who should attempt te enter. After much useless varleying, a ladder wag procured, and some one und to secare a pane age by an upper window; and on seeing thie, the enreged woman pitched at the chilerea with the axe. She cus one of them slightly across the fore- head, and the other prostrated at one bicw with the head of her murderous instrament. The door was instantly borne from its fattenings by those on the uteide, on witnessing this horrible attempt, he woman secured before she had time to accom lish her fell purpose. The children are three or ‘our years old, me sprightly. event the doctors were uncertain as to toe extent injury to the worst wounded ch:ld,and we bare since no farther advices. The was ed fer the Asylum at Utica at once—, Union. E ¥ Fine at tm Broox F'axm.—At about half ten o'clock Isst night, a fire broke out in Weet ly occupied as a “ of Jate as the two tity of fa “rensils, large old i others to which there is Dedham -~ Boston Haw. Srona—A terrific bail storm the northern Of toe towns of Do Wi livs on uy » destroy’ buckwheat ood gata, and terrloly Some of the heAstones wero as large sized ben's erga, and cutting ¢ thing grow into shreds. Mary fine fields of buckwheat, fpd corm are uttérly destroyed. Fortunately harvest bes nearly , or the loss would beve we eriy Tuived revoral farmers in that vicinity, Bae storm continued about fifteen miautes, and came tor the aoathwost.— Trey Budget, August ». I 5 E iH lan 5ER