The New York Herald Newspaper, July 24, 1854, Page 4

NEW YOKK HERALD. | JAMES GORDON GESNEST, POP,PRIETOR AND EDITOR. grrioy %. ¥. COANER OF WASSAU AND FULTON STS. comage aaonpeuus acmmumeasions We ao | VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, conaseing mes say mewn oltetied from omy yaartr of the woud Wf 802 PA de herably pail for BG VOR Pomsiay Cos» Ero” RPS ARE PANPIOVLAYLY PRQUESTED TO awAL ALL Tey ¥ ee ee eS GLE ERTTERS | a Bubscrivtiens or with sdver | Heements to be Paid 0 he pooane Sal be deducted irom | ‘TOW PRINTING azccuted with searnest, cheapness, and [Svar TISEMENTS renewed every day. ANUSEWESTS THIS LVBNING. ga Mine. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery Dawox axp Prtnias— EAM AY SHA. BiBbO’'S—EnatieLca~-Rrovt RATIONAL THRATRE Cbatha@ street. —Pizanno— Paevon Sry. AMERICAN MUSFUM—shorv.0n Forty awn Viwry— Buscuesx any Cractva Bvewieg, . Ome cén Grovuxns. W0O'S MINSTREL sib, 44 Brosdway—Prmoriax Wrword.niay AND BURLESQUE UPEKA #@OUCK) BY’S OPEKS BOUS ,, 559 Broadway.—Bvor- say's Rrniortas Orxna Taov &. Maptson S yvane, PRANCONI’S HIPPODKOM » To the Pobbe. bo New Yorn Hrnicp has now the largest circulation af any daily jours! in Europe or America, Foe Daily Henawp circulates nearly sixty Dhowand thoots per day. The Weekly o@itons—published on Saturday and Su- @my—reach a circulation ef nearly seventy Uousand sheets per week. Thb aggregnte issue of the Hwnarp estadlishment i bout fovr hundred taonsand sheets per week, or over ‘eeaty mulions of sheets per canum. Rotice to our Subscribers. Tt ie stated to us that some of our np-town carriers ‘sharge more than two ents a copy for tho Naw Yous @enaip. Twoons #8 the price on any part of this fefand and euboris an’ any carrer charging more, on motice deing ieft at this office, will bo dsmiss | from our employ. The News. ¥ROM CALIFORNIA AND THE PACIFIC, ETC. The stean ship North Star arrived yesterday mor- ming from Asinvall, which place ehe left on tue evening of the 15th inst. She brings California pa- pers to the Ist inst., brought down to Panama by the steamship Uncle Sam. The passengers by these 4wo vessels made the trip through to New York in twenty-one days and fifteen hours, being the short- est time yet made between the two ports. The news is not insportant. Considerable local excitement had been created by the democratic elestious for dele- gates to tle State convention for the nomination of Congressmen. In San Francisco some fighting took Place at the polls, in the course of which one min was shot. The Broderick paity succeeded in electing their delegates. The news from the mines is of a most satisfactory description. Rich diggings had been dis- covered in various localities, and the miners generally were meeting with excellent success. Murders and attempts to murder appear to be on the increase Jose; h Mansfield, editor of the San Joaguin Repub- &ican, at Stockton, was shot by Mr. John Tabor, editor of the Journe!, on the 22d ult. Tabor is in Prison. A diffinlty occurred between Mr. Bate- man, father of the Bateman children, and Mr. Soule, editer of the Baa Franciseo Chronicle, in conse- quence of some strictures on a prize drama, in which a revolver was used. Nothing serious re- salted from it, however. Wm. Sheppard was con- vieted of the murder of H.C. Duy, and has been ®entenced to be hung on the 28th ivstant. Wm. M. Foley pleaded guilty of manslonghter for the killing of J. H. Dunn, of the Police @ and was sen. tenced to the State prison for three years, Full de- tails of the news are given elsewhere. The intelligence from Washington and Oregon Territories is very interesting, although not of a de cidedly important cheracter. In eur compilation of * the news our readers will ind everything of conse quence that haa transpired in those remcte rezions since last accounta. The very considerable reduction contemplated by the Legi-lature of the Sandwich Islands in the tariff of Cuties, will undoubtedly tend to a great in- crease of commercial transactions betweon our ports on the Pacific and the dominions of King Kamahamaha JII., and if Congress at ita present eeesion completes the scheme which has already passed the Senate, of the establishment of a line of steamships between San Francisco and China, via the Sandwich Islands and Japan, our trade in that direction will receive a wonderful impulse. The Russian frigate and tie English sloop-of-war that had been anchored in the harbor of Honolulu, by failed to the northward. The news from New Granada wili be found to va'y not materially from that received by the two previous arrivals. Che revolutionary movements still agitated the public mind, and an energetic effirt was in progress to effect the re-organization of tho city government of Aspinwall. An earthquake curred at Bogota on the 11th inst., which, however, caused but little damage. The steamstip Llinois left Aspinwall on the 16.h inst. for this port, with four handred passengers and over a million in treasure. She will probably arrive sometime to-day. NEWS FROM PERU. The latest accounts from Valparaiso, up to the 14th ult., and from Lima to the 25th, say that the revolution in Pern continues, and that a decisive batile is expected soon to be fought. TRE STEAMSHIP PACIFIC, ‘With later news from Europe, ts now overdue, aod Momentarily expeoted at this port. Her news will Undoubtedly prove the must importan! that has reached us for a long time. FROM WASHINGTON. © There seems to exist a well-founded apprehension that the final adjournment of Congress will not take placeon the 4th of August, as agreed upon. ‘The Senate hold the matter subje t to a vote to re consider, and we spould not be at all surprised if ‘the treasury plunderers at the capital succceded in prolonging the session till after the dog days. The favorMe hobby of the administration just now fa the Canadian reciprocity and fishery treaty, and @Mforta of every sort are being made to effect it: ratification. The members of the House can hardly de prepared at this t'me to endorse that measure, ia view o! the approaching olections, and, therefore, ‘We regard its postponement a3 a certain thing. ‘The efforta to establisi, the Amesican doctrine, as regards the rights of noutrals,on the basis of na. tional law, are about to receive a practical recogni tion by Russia, as will be seen by our telographic We have briefly given our views on this @abject in an editorial article. FROM BERMUDA. By the arrival of the steamship North Stor we Dave received our il'es of Bermnda papers to the 12h inst. The journals do not contain » single item of news, nor have they any remarks on the state o the weather, the health of tne islands, or the condi tion of the crops. MISCRLLANFOUS, A fall and accurate acount of the recent cricket match at Toronto, between the New York ant Cana dian clubs, may be foond in trv paper, Tue Cavad ans were the victors aud the New Yorke were evidently taken by surprise. ‘The street preachers exhorted a3 usual yesterd ty cnd were not molested. The awful hot weather prevalent forthe past week «aved in yesterdsy be‘ore a strong breeze aad seve sal ieltenling chowera Tue diabvlioal dog days are >t lp oder, counts from t.c Mines. The gene al depression which seems iir the present t+ paralyze all our co merc‘al aud financial perations, aris ng as much perhaps from local auses as from the r action of the influence’ governing the Borop an markets, wll be in some degree re ieved by the cheering ‘nature of the ntell gence ust received from California. Whatever other ev 1s may threaten us, itis at last satis@tory to know that the | fears entertai.ed of the proximat» exhaustion | of the sepp!ies of old from that quarter, seem as far from .ealization as ever. In fact at no perio’ of the annals of mining adventure in the Golden State, hive the ac- counts from all parts of the mines presented more flattering prospec:s, whilst the old dig- gings are far from being exhausted; new veins and deposits are continually being discovered in other situations, some of them not only rivalling, but even surpassing in produetive- ness any that bad previously been laid bare. The stories told of the anriferous richness of | that ridge of the Nevada, of which the [owe Hil forms a part, would oppoar fabulous but | for the accuracy of the sources from whence t! information is derived, None of the namero companies engaged in peneirating the ridge have failed in meetiog with a success exceeding their most sanguine expecta- tions. In a single week the Jamison com- pany alone took out upwards of $15,000 In the meantims new towns and settements are springing up with marvellons rapidity along the whole Yine ot monntainous district thus fortunately di-tingnished, At Porest City, Towa City, Mionesota, Smith's Diggings, Camptonville, New Orleans Flat, and other fa- vered epots, the inflax of popu-at.on isso great that huvdreds sre reduced to the same 5 raits as regards accommodation that atteaded the labors of th» first adventurers ia these districts. The results are, however, so encouraging. that but few comptaints are heard. This, it is true, icin some degtec owing to the less harassing aud unhealthy character of the mining opera- tions carried on ia this quarter. Tanaelliog aed sbafting have beea substituted for the pre- carious aod fatiguing search after the deposits left in the beds of the mountain streams, and the miner is no longer subjected to the vicis- situdes caused by too great or too short a aup- ply of water—his labors being now directed by tie more certain and unerring indications of geological science, avd pursned under condi- tions more favorable to healsh, « Whilst, however, the mining and industrial portion of the community are enoyiog the ad- vantages arising from this improved state of things, the mercantile classes are still suffer- ing from the effects of that immoderate thirst for speculation which even the severest reverses have failed to check. Although the markets are hopelessly glutted with mer- chandise, the importations still continue to pre- sent a ridiculous disproportion to the actual wants and demands of the country, and foreign cousignations are consequently either disposed of at a ruinous sacrifices, or returned at a heavy loss to their owners, This is more especially the case with cereal productions, lumber, and other articles, of which the State grows more than is necessary for her own consumption. In such a state of things it is not surprising that whilst other interests are prospering, the com- mercial classes should derive little or no benefit from causes that usually have a favorable in- fluence upon their operations. There is, unfor- tunately, no chance of amelioration in their condition until the mischief works out its owa remedy. The collapse in trade caused by the depressing influence of the existing war, has unfortunately glutted the European markets with large stocks of merchandise, for which no debouché can be found except on this side of the Atlantic, Until, therefore, a natural lim't is placed on production by the difficulty of di.- posing of the existing accumulation of goods, the European houses will continue to export to those markets which offer the moat favorable chances of getting rid of them. They will soon discover, however, that even in aa exeep- tional condition of prosperity, such as the vast mineral resources of California have erabled her in such a marvellously brief period to at- tain, there is a point beyond which speculation canoot be pushed without entailing heavy losses upon themselves and severe suffering upon others, The Sectional Character of Prestdentiat Elections, The present aspect of politics in the United Stalesand the genera! breaking up of old po- litical parties. with the threatening charactor of the Nebraska question and other issues cona- nected with slavery and free soll, lead to the conclusion that the election of President in 1856 will assume a decide: 'y sectional charac- ter—in other words, that it will be an issue between North and South, or between the non- slaveholding and slaycholding States. The friends of the Union are mnch a'armed at this state of things, and many geod men seem to indulge in feelings of despondency with regard to the duration of the United State: in one great confederacy, as at present existing. or to be enlarged by further annexation or adm's- sions into the Union of new States. Jt may do something towards relieving snch very natu- ral anxieties, to look a little into our past po- litical history, to see how often yreat national questions, and particularly elections of Presi- dent, have been decided by sectional votes, but have always been acquiesced in as the decision ad Jersey. of the majority. It is well known that in the Continental Con- gress, and in the National Convention of 1787, which framed the constitution of the United Maryland. States, seetional jealousies frequently exbibited themvelves, and questions between the North and the South, which threatened to agitate dis- union, were only settled by great wisdom, for- bearance and patriotism. Hence arose the comy rom. ses of the constitution in the conven- tion, and the amendments thereto which were | Grand total adopted by the first Congress, and sauctioned by the State legislatures, Hence also was dis. played the wisdom of the friends of the consti- tution in selecting George Washington and John Adams, as the candidates for President and Vice President, at the firs) national election in 1788-9, the feelings of the South and North being carefully consulted in that selection, in taking one candidate 1 Virginia, and the other from Muss Washington, it will be remembered, re the unanimous votes of the Electoral Cottezo: 9 io number, but Me. Adena only reevived 3h Jl from Northern States, except five trom Vir ainia. These five votes were important, us Mr. Adoms would otherwise hare been clecte* by stotional votes exclusively At that time @ the coustitation was amuiuded, it was not The xews tem Caltfornia—Cheering Ac- jority of the votes of the Eleotora’ Colleges. Mr. Adama was cleoted by less than a major- ity. Of the thirty-five votes against him, only seven were from Northern States, and of those five were from New Jersey for Joho Jay. Toe Southern States gave twenty-eigh: votes ageiast Mr. Adame, bat scattered them oa various ia- div dual, an the ¢lectors probably expected the e'ection of Mr. Atams Thus we sce that the first election for Pres‘dent and Vice Prosideat, atter the formation of the constitution, partovk somewhst of a’sectional characser; and not- withstanding the gevers @ reememt among the friends of the constitution to supp r. Wasning- ton and Adams, only five Seathern electors woud vole fur -be latter, During the fi st term of Washington's a- ministration, the opposition to thy measuresaud suppoeed objects of the fed-ral party was orga- zed under the nome of the republican parsy, other Sou: hern statesmen, aided by a coaalder- able pumber of democrats or republicans «a the posed to thy adoption of the constitution. the Pres dential election, ia supported General Wash Goyerner of New York. The only Nortiecro State which voted for Clinton was New York, tLe democrats or sepubdlic ins having @ majority in the Legislature that year, aod the Prosiden- ture. (unanimous) ferson, 4; Burr, 1. were therefore re-elected. to the votes In the fifteen votes of Pennsylvania, Mr. Adams received the votes of Delaware, Maryland and South Carolina, which three were the only Southern States in which the federal party at any time obtained a majority at Presidential elections. The votes for Governor Clinton were as follows:—New York, 12; Pennsylvania, 1; Virginia, 21; North Carolina, 12; aud Georgia, 4. Mr. Jefferson received four vot: in Kentucky, and Aaron Burr one in South Carolina. This election,and those for mem- bers of Congress, althongh less sectional in character than the first, in 1788-'9, showed that the large majority of the opposition to Wash- ington’s administration was in the Southern States. On the meeting of Congress the re- publican opposition suceeeded in electing tie Speaker of the House. In the Senate, the Vice President, Mr. Adams, repeatedly settled important questions by his casting vote, but there was a federal majority in that body. Party spirit ran high during the second term of Wachington’s administration, but the agitation caused by the French revolution had more effect on the politics of this country thau questions between the North aud South. The third Presidential election on the retire- ment of Gen. Washington in 1796, was deci- aedly sectional in its character, the Northera States generally rallying in the support of Mr. Adams as the successor of Gen. Washington, and the South supporting Mr. Jefferson. It will be recollected that previous to the amendment of the constitution, in 1804, the President aad Vice President were both voted for by the electoral colleges on one ticket, without desig- nating which was intended for the one or the other office ; the person having the high est number of votes was elected President and he who received the next highest number of votes was chosen Vice President. The fed eral party agreed on Joha Adams of Massachu- setts, and Thomas Pinckney of South Carotiaa. as their candidates for President and Vice Pre- siaent ; the republicans were unanimous in the support cf Mr. Jefferson for President, but did not as a party fix upon any individual as their candidate for Vice President. Aaron Burr be- ing at that time in the U. § of daily intercourse with the Southern repnh- licane, received the greatest number of the vuses of the party, but the votes of Georgia were given to George Clintoa, and fifteen of the votes of V were in favor of Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts. The result of the canvass was s follo ~Joha Adams, 71; Thomas J: so, (8; Thomas Pinckney, 59; Aaron Barr. 3 Sumuel Adams, E\leworth, 1! Oliver George Clinton, 7; Joba Jay, 5; Samos Iredell, 3; George Washington, 2; Jotun Hensg, 2; 8, Johvson, 2; Charles C. Pinckucy, 1. The total number of electoral votes was 159. John Adams was, therefore, elected President, aud | Thomas Jefferson Vice President. Tne election of Mr. Jefferson was owing to the refusal of some of the Now England &deralists to vote for Mr. Pinckney. Hence the votes throwa away by them oa Oliver Etisworth and Jobn Jay. which would bave elected Mr. Pinckney it they had been given to him. He received th» eight votes of South Carolina, which were also given to Mr. Jefferson for Presideat, The two votes given to Gen. Washington, notwiths'aading his having deciiued, were from Virginia aud North Carolina. The scetioval ehareolcr of this election Is shown by the votes for Adams and Jeffersou, as follows:— Northern States. Adams. Jefferson. New Hampshire. as wee _— The Speakers of the under the leadership of Jeflereos, Mud son, and Northern Statea, most of whom hail been ep- At 1792, both pariies gton for re-election ; the opposition concentrated their votes sgainst the re-election of John Adams for Vice- President, on George Clinton, who was then tial «Iectors weve then chosen by the Legisla- The foltowing was the result of the Pre- sidential election of 1792-3 :—Washington, 132 Adams, 77; Cliaton, 50; Jef- Washington and Adams addition of the Northern States, except New York, and including fourteen of . Senate, and in habits Adama, were oth feva the -¢ ne. rosod, wad gtess from‘ out. Carol’na, beet e popular tet~ ing in the South gen rai, coine d-d with the republican or democrytic purty, notwith-tand- iug the i fluence exe.ted iv fav r of the fede- ralists by Geo, Was’uington, Joh> Marshatl Gen. Henry Ler, Patrick Henrg, 1h ms and Charles Cotesworth Pinekney, Charles Carri of Car- roiton, and many other prominent statesmen of vee South. The eleot#on cf 180 was decided in favor ot Jefferson and Barr over Alama aad C C. Pinck- ney, by the votes of New York, whieh were given in favor of the r-publiean or democratic candiates ly the Legislature. who at tnat time | that the election was not consid»red asectioaal | chose the electors of Presidvnt. The electiva of democratic members of the Leyislatare in the city of New York, by about four huadved ma- jority, decided the contest With this excep- tion, this Presidential election was sectional in its character, Mr. Jeferaon not having re- ceived any electoral vores in the Northern States, except those of New York, and eight vy the fifteen votes of Pennsylvania. Of tbe Southern votes, Mr, Adams received three in Delawure, five in Maryland, and four in Norto Curolina, The result showed that Jeffersoa re- ceived fifty-three votes in the Southern States, and twenty in Pennsylvania and New York. Adams received fifty-three votes in the North- ern States, and twelve in Delaware, Maryland, and North Carclina, In the conte-t which en- sned iu the House of Representatives, in con:e- quence of the equality of votes between Jeffer- son and Burr, and that body being called on to de- cide which of the two chould be President, eight States voted for Jefferson, six for Burr, and two divided, which result continued to be the same on 'hirty-five ballots. The numver of the representatives who vuted for Burr, was fifty- three—all federalists—and fifty-one ior Jeffer- son--all republicans or democrats, vith one or two exceptions. The federalists were generally from the Northern States, and the democrats from the Southern and Middle States. Of the latter, Delaware and South Carolina voted for Burr. On-the thirty-sixth ballot, several of the federalists withdrew their opposition to Mr. Jefferson, by putting in blauk votes, in coase- quence .of which he received the votes of ten States, and was therefore declared elected Presigent, and Burr Vice President. In Congregs, after the election of Mr. Jof- fercoo, a mujority of the members wio supported his administration were from the Southern States, and Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, was elected Speaker of the House. He was also re-elected for tho 2izhth and ninth Congress. The opposition to the administra- tion of Jefferson, however, became so feeble, that in Congress all the measures proposed by him were easily carried and on his re-election in 1804, only Connecticut. Delaware and two dis- tricts in Maryland voted against him, giving in all fourteen electoral votes, against one hundred and sixty-two in his favor. Jn 1808 the principal opposition to the elec- tion of Mr. Madison to the Presidency was in New England, and the federalists carried the votes of all of those States, except Vermont. They also obtained eight electoral votes in Delaware, Maryland and North Carolina. Their candidate for President against Mr. Madison was Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. who re- ceived forty-seven votes, and Mr. Madison one hundred and twenty-two. There was an oppo- sition to Mr. Madison among the democrats of this State, and George Clinton received six votes for President, although he was the demo- cratic or republican candidate for Vice Presi- dent, and as such was elected. Although this election was not strictly sectional in its charac- ter. it developed elements of opposition among Northern democrats to what was called Vir- ginia influence, and an ind'sposition to continue a succession of Southern Presidents. In 1812 a majority of the leaders 0° the re- publican party of the State of New York ro- solved to support De Witt Clinton for Presi- dent against Mr. Madison, who was nominated by a Congressional caucus for re-clection. Me. Clinton was nominated by a caucns of the democratic or republican members of the Legis- lature at Albany. The federal party, in a con- vention beld in New York, agreed to support Mr. Clinton, whose sanguine friends relied oa bis support by Pennsylvania, Vermont and Ohio, which, although States ia which the republicaa party at that time held the majority, it was thonght would support a New York repyblican in preference to the re-election of a Virginia President. The result showed that the friends of Mr. Clinton were mistaken, for the States named which gave more than votes sufficient to have turned the scale in his favor, voted for Mix. Madison, and thus secur d his re-election. Mr. Clinton received no votes out of the State of New York, except from the federal party. The election assumed a decidedly sectional character. It was the Nerth against the South, New York against Virginia, and had Penusyl- } pies of conversation in city circles have | vania, Vermont and Ohio voted for Mr. Cliaton, as was hoped for by Lif friends, he would have been a sectional President, having only received H we o° Repre enta | Clay 37. tiver, elec ed by the feve atists d ray the Presiden y 0 North. nsme y, Jon thay Dayton, of New Jersey, aud T eodore Sedgwic of Mussac 4. { eetts The f deral party att a time were raly sto yin De ware and Mer carried @ «woof the Cong Sssjunat Qs Pets in | six New Evgland States aud New York, he ro North Caroliva a04 ip joie 4 they ato hid as | evived those of Maryland, Louisiava, Keataueky, ons time @ wa’ority of the Ge'ey ton in Coa- | Ohio, Hlinois and Missoari, which had not “Of the votes g'ven to Mr. Adams, all were * com New England and New York except *°" gets, viz: Delaware, 1; Marylind, 3; Louisiy pa, 2; IMinols,1, The final elector of Mr. Adams by the House of Represtn- tatives was less sectional in its character, ae ing addition to the votes of the given him a majority in the electoral coltese3, The election of Jackson in 1828 was «ff-cted by @ union of those who had supportel Craw- ford with the original supporters of Sacksoa and.Calhoun. Mr. Adams received 83 electoral votes, ovly 9 of which were from slaveholding States, viz.: 3. from Delaware and 6 from Maryland. With these exceptions, Jackson received the entire vote of the South and West, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, Pennsylvania 28,and one of the nine votes of Maine. His entire electoral vote was 178 in the Union, and was so preponderating one. But it will he observed that ao large ma- jority of the Northern vote was against him, and that bis election was effected by the South and West, His re-election in 1832, and the election of Van Buren in 1836, were results brought about by the action of the democratic party, without regard to sectional feeliags—and the triumph of the whigs in the electiow of Har- rison, in 1840, was the result of circumstance not affected by questions between th» Nort and Sonth. At the Harrisburg Convention, in 1239, however, the nomination of Harrisoa wa well understood to have been a decisioa in fw vor of the Northern States represented in that convention, as the delegates from the South preferred Mr. Clay,-and resisted the nomina- tion of Harrison to the last. This was one cause of the nomination of Tyler, as candidate for Vice President, to conciliate the Southern whigs. When the election of 1844 took place it was the expectation of the lesders of the dem> erat‘c party that the question of the annexa- tion of Texas would cause the result to be some- what sectional in its charact-r, but as Mr. Clay received 47 electoral votes from slaveholding States, viz., those of Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee, it was proved that the election did not turn en- tirely upon the Texas question, but was in- fluevced by other causes. More than one half of the electoral votes received by Mr. Polk were given by non-slaveholding Stuies. Tne total vote for each canoidate was as follows:—Polx, 170, Clay, 105. The nomivaiion of General Taylor by the whigs In 1848 was decidedly national in its character, and on the decisive ballot in the c n- vention at Philadelphia he received votes from every State represented in that body. The divi- sion in the democratic party. caused by the or- ganization of the free soil party, aud the nomina- tion of Mr. Van Buren for the purpose of insu- ring the defeat of Gen. Cass, changed the cha- racter of parties materially. It brought the whig party into position, apparently, as a na- tional one, and threw the democratic party of the North into the disadvantageous situation of being divided on the question of slavery, whereas they had heretofore co-operated with the Southern democracy on that question. The election of Gen. Taylor and the defeat of Gon Cass followed, as a matter oftourse. The vote was as follows:—-Tay lor, 163; Cass, 127, The last Presidential election, when Frauklia Pierce euceeeded by so large a majority, as the democratic aud union caadidste, over General Scott, supported by the whigs and free soilers, we need not allude to in de- tail, It is well known that Geveral Pierce owe his election to the strong feelings of union among the people. How much he has disap- pointed public expectation by the reward of free soilers and the various measures of his ad- ministration, our readers do not require to be told. The coming elections for members of Congress will doubtless show how he and his cabinet have fallen in public estimatioa. Our object in thus runni +g through the his- tory of our various elections of President, is i» show that, however often those elections have assumed a sectional character, and at time, appeared to be questions of dominion and power between the North and South. they have never endangered the union of the States, Whichever section of the Union may have tri- umphed at elections, the people in the miaoriiy have acquiesced, and the progress of the uation has been unchecked in its career of p:osperity. We therefore believe that, in the ensi preliminary ond final elections which will in- troduce anew administration into power, whoi- ever course parties may pursue, or whatever new combinatious may be formed or questivus brought forward, that the people will be tric to the Union, and defeat all attempts to effect its dissoluti8n. Let, therefore, national dem crais and national whigs of the North asi South unite, in their efforts to elect good and true men to the councils of the nation, and rely on the experience of the past that all will be well, so far as the integrity and perpetuity of the Union are concerned. Tre Comprroier aNxp THE Deap Honsys— Doring the past three days the promisat tc. first, the weather, and second, the dead | Now, when the thermometer marks niuct the weather is not a pleasant topic ; pro‘-ased Vermont. 4 _ Mossachvat 16 _ Rhode Island. $ _ New York. 8 = nsylvania..... 1 “ Southern States, a a. : . «4s 2» North Carolina ot u South Carolina. 8 Georgio... ton rt ‘epnesnce, - 3 Kentucky . = 4 Total... 2 oa Sf eas mi 63 Hammond, in his Political History, remarks, with regard to this election, “that at this early period, local and ecctional feelings seem to bave had an influence. It is impossible, In any other way, to account for the fact, that Mr. Adams received but two votes south of the Potomac, and that Mr. Jefferson obtained bu« eighteen votes north of that river, and those and Maryland; acd thetanding the elec- ton was 60 very clore—the majority for Mr Adu being bn. three.” We may add that the (ministration of Mr. Adame, dariag the four years of itt existence, was sustained mainly by un mbers of Congress chosen by the Northera States, There were, however, more federalists elected to Congress from Southern States Q curwg the acmiaictrativa of Adiwms then required for the V.ce Presideat tu receive ame V there bad been onder that of Washingt .n, were from Pennsylvani ‘hat this took place, nine votes from Southern States, viz:—four | Wits find it difficult to be fuony at «ch pe- from Delaware, and five from Maryland. The | riods. And as for dead horses—faag'! the total vote of the electoral colleges was, for | very idea offends the nostrila. Madison 128, for Clinton 89. Mr. Madison re-| The regulation of the thermometer is a sci- ceived no votes north of Pennsylvauin, except | ence as yet hidden from mortal eyes, bu: i) those of Vermont, eight in number. fs no good reason why the dead boilles or The election of Mr. Monroe, in !816. and hi, | horses and other animals chould not bo ine re-election in 1820, took place without any po- | diately removed from the streets. Thorefore & litical excitement or seot‘onal feeling. There | great many people were surprised, disewte? was scme opposition to the nomination of a | and shocked on learning the fact that one hors. third democratic President from Virginia, but | was left dead in his tracks in Chathaia sirect there was a general acqniescence among men | during the twenty-four hours of Friday, asd of all partics to surtain the admivistration after | that twenty or thirty more bodies of horses, to the election of Mr. Monroe, and the period of | say nothing of dogs, cats, and so forth. wire his two terms in the Presideacy is well knowa | found partially decomposed in the prviic as the cra of good feclings. But the election | streets on Saturday. When we come to cour! of his succeseor again brought about sections) | der that, in addition to the disgusting otor feelings. The rerpective nominations of Adams, | emitted by this weight of carrioa flesh, tie pre Crawford, Jackson and Clay produced Nott- | sence of these decomposing bodies ts highly £a- ern, Southern and Westera parstos amonx tho | yorable to the extension of cholera or sny le in support of these dierent candidates | other pestilence, it is no longer siagula for the Presidency. No groat auestions of pab- | that the natural apathy of New York- lie policy were agitated by tise pariies,ayi| ers should have disappeared, aud thet the contest assumed a character of persous! | in its stead there should have exists! preference, and of sectionel iaterest. The rc- | afecling of deeg indignation agains! —\W 1, sult showed that Mr. Adams was the farorite of | there ere so mavy departments ina our oi, gov- the North amd Bust, Gen. Jockeon of Poon | ernment that it is difficult to say upon whose Sylvania, New Jereey, and most of the South | head the maledictions of citizens shoald cull. | and West, Mr, Clay of a portion of the We.'ern | We will ondeavor to explain the martor. States, and Mr. Crawford of Vir A yreat many horses die in our strevis du. | and the old party moa of the racy of | ring the summer. In one monthsevon hundred | the Southera end Mildle States, Jixcon ra | of there animals pald nature’s debt. ‘their | cived 99 yotes, Adams $4, Crawford 11, aud | owacre left them where they fell, and av the i | | tume are not calculated to effect any great re- nuleance was bécoming decidedly | ‘8 contrect was made with Mr. W. RB. by the terms of which he pledged himself to remove all thedead horses from the streets of the c'ty immediately after he had been notified of their leation, and the city on its paré, agreed to pay hima certain sum for so doing. ‘The bodies were placed ina steamtug and eoa~ veyed to an island in the Hast River, where their bonea hide and so forth were prepared for pale und the useless parts of the body were effuctively of. The system was found to be an e: it one—no dead horses were to: be seen in the streets, or found floating in the. rivers. Bue it was too good to last; and, whem, it was foand that the city owed to Mr. Reynolds: the sum of sixty thousand dollars, Mr. Comp-. troller Flagg refused to pay the bill, On the 22d instant the City Inspector recsived tha ; following letter:— ‘Tuoe. K. Dowsra, City Inspr nut hereby notify you that in of the: city’s con’ refusa) to make any parmani fon ‘vhe last: filteen Ly ae my cone for eer of Saag anima)s, &c., from the at compel sus ‘work under the were ls: ‘moans, as well a» those of” my partver, are fully exhausted, We have bven ) to morty: voperty to pay such ciscounts to the necessary funds to proceed in the execution of the. work, that if is tmpossible for me to proceed further: witbout a compliance on tte city’s I suspend work from tha date, and hoki the corpo- ration ansible for sl camegis that I may sastain by so mos yenting. Yours respectfully, ; ‘W. &. REYNOLDS, 92 Warren street. N. B.—I am willing tu procved in the execution of my covtract furthwith, providing the city compties with toe terms of the coutract—v.z , by paymg what bpm Hence the dead horses in the streets—the dir gust of the people thereat—the maledictions. showered upon the whole city government, and the dismay of the City Inspector, who knew not what to doin the matter. If he organized q force to carry off the horses, it seemed probable that Mr. Flagg would deem his conduct illegal, and refuse to pay. So he considered, while the herses decomposed, and the people held their handkerchiefs totheir noses, Finally, however, on Saturday, the Inspector succeeded in remoy- ing about thirty dead horses, ata cost of frou six dollars to twenty-five dollars each.” The bodies are, probably, floating about in the-| rivers, to-day, rotting and spreading pestilenca with the influx of every tide. Now, Mr. Comptroller Flagg is tho persom who ought to be blamed for all this, as the facta above stated clearly show. He is a very excel- lent man to take the charge of the city fumds. We do not know another man in whose hands) the corporation money would be safer. But: Mr. Flagg should remember that in a great] city like this there is something more than the mere saving of money to be learned, by its financial head—and that is the judicious expenditure of the public funds. Mr, Flagg has evidently fallen into the common, error, that our tax-payers growl at the city government merely because a great deal o! money has been spent. Such is not the fact. The people of this city do not care how much they pay, co they receive the value of the mo- ney expended, and they would be willing to pay another million per year for a good, hon: ect, faithful, efficient and liberal city govern~ ment. Mr. Flagg’s ideas appear to bave been narrowed down to the petty policy of the Al- bany Regency, of which interesting concern he was a distinguished member. The Board Aldermen or Councilmen do not dare to make an appropriation for the simplest and most ne~ cersary purpose, until they hace received Mr. Flagg’s »pproval and his consent to pay tl bills. He retuctantly “consented” +o a paltry: appropriution of fiye bundred dollars for the cholera hospital, and it seems that he would al low a devouring pestilence to sweep off half o our population, before be would “consent” to “n appropriatioa to pay for the proper preven- tive savitary measures. Another phase in this matter fs this :-—Mr. Flagg informed Mr. Reynolds thathe would pay the bills if he (Reynolds) would surrender hig contract and place it in the hands of the Comp. troller. Now, how is this to be justified? If it was unlawful to pay the money, it should not be paid at all, whatever became of the contract. And what did Mr. Fingg desire to do with that decument? What right had he to demand it? Thee questions are pertinent to the issne, and sust be answered at some time. Even our economical readers must see that Mr. Flagg bas not saved any money by refasiog to pay this city deot The work now is ouly balf done, ut five times the price formerly paid, and persons residing near the river must suffer from the cfluvia of dead horses, cats and dogs, because Mr, Piagg sees fit that it shal! be so, We have thus put the pbsia facts before the public, and we bave not desired to detract one iota frow Mr. Flagg's well-earned fame as an honert and faithful public officer. We believe thar he acts according to his own ideas of right, aided by convgel, who advise bim to let the cholera bave full swing rather than pay one cent to stop it; and then (with clear con- cienees no donbt) the advisers of the Comp- troller betoke themselves to the watering places, wondering, when they read tbe bills of mor- tality, * that p-ople will be eo imprudent,” We hope that Mr. Flagg and all concerned will teke there things into their serious consi- devation, and that he will endeavor to keep up ¥ th the spirit of theage, Let us have no more Goud horses in the strects, New Yor, July 22, 1854 ector, Mr. Macy ar Work-—-Tae Ressiays Np tw itepson’s Bay Cowrany.—Our Prime Min- ist-r $ Washington is beginning to do some- “log He appears at Jast to be convinced that ‘bo Koezta letter and those cirenlars on cos- suitr a¢ the next Baltimore Democratic Convon- tion. And ro of late he has been working like ® beaver upon the substantial business of his office, the spoils having been pretty well dis- 0: dof. Like a wise man, too, with the ther- Iremeter ranging from ninety to above a han- 4r.a in the shade, our Premier bas almost exclus'v-ly confined his negotiations for the last two er three months to those cool high la-~ titudes of the northeastern fishing grounds, the Hudson's Bey Company, regions suggestive of refreshing feebergs, and mountains covered with perpetual snow. We are now Informed by our ielegraphic correspondence from Washington tbat Marcy, setuated by a lively desire of manifesting to Nassia (another cold country north of seventy degrees) the disposition of the United Statea to preserve an impartial neutrality between ‘he belligerents in the Turkish war, has been 1 cotiating with the Russian government, (per- tape through our Minister, Mr. Seymour, at St. Petorsourg, and perhaps through the Rassian Minister ad int, at Washington,) a treaty upon the rights of neutrals on the high seas, These ° negotiations, if concluded, will probably secure from Russia the same concessions to neutral ships as have been proclaimed by Queen Victo~ ria “for the present,” and perhaps something more, We await further iniormation, But at the same time our Premicr io