The New York Herald Newspaper, July 21, 1854, Page 7

EW GRANADA, @& Letter of the Minister of New Gransda tn ‘the United States, om the Events that shave taken place in taat Country. _ New Yoas, Joly 10, 1854. B. Burrn, Esq: ‘My Eateemed Friend—In consequence of the de- ire you express in your velued favor of the 29th alt., to bear something ‘rom me of the events that have recently occarted in New Granada, I feel great pleasure in abetching them elightly for you ; bat before doing #0, allow me to refer to some ante- Cedent circumstances which are connected with those actaa¥y passing, and may serve to give you a Clearer idea of the political state of the country. New. Granada, in with the other sections that constituted America, has been com- pelled to maintain a perpetual struggle against deep- Jy rooted popular prejudices of every sort, engender- ed by the colonial regime. Immediately after wresting their independence from Spain, these countries made an effort to regenerate them- selves completely; for no part of the ancient fystem could seoure their happiness, or was Compatible with the degree of civilization to which we have actually attsined—a civilization which is taking rapid advances, and everywhere demands Modifications and changes in the-political- system, and in the very structure of society; but more es- pecially does it demand those changes in countries whioh, like Spain and the Spanish American States, have passed three centuries in statu quo when they have made no retrograde movement. But this re- generation, in the course of which it was necessary to produce 2 complete metamorphosis, required means for the © alization which could not but shake society to its basis, so deeply seated was the "It was necessary to effect these changes slowly; Otherwise they would have been impossible. Hence it is that only after forty years of continual strag- gies between liberty and despotism, between truth and faleehood, New Granada has been able to crown, amidst the general enthusiasm, the work she com- Tenoéd at the beginning of the century. In vain should I attempt, in tl narrow compass ofthis letter, to review, however briefly, the nu- Merous and complicated events through which mg countrymen have had to pass, and the almost in- Buperable obstacles they have overcome. I will only tell you that New Granada has at length secured the reward of her efforts; for although old habits and a few prejudices still oppose a feeble resistance o the triumphant march of the ideas of liberty and progress, this resistance growa weaker every day, and the lapse of afew years will in itself be suf- ficient to conquer it. ) New Granada has achieved three-fourths of her task within the last ‘five years, having labored constantly and severely to overcome, not only the gnavoidable difficulties of 80 vast an enterprise, but also those arising from the antipathies and jealousies which her reforms excited in other couniries, - calling themselves republics, though possessing monarchical ins.itutions. Individuals from those wountries, and some other ignorant charlatans, who have visited a small part of the repub- lic, have diffused the idea that all the reforms that have taken place there are mere Uto- Pias—froita of the ideas that have been adopted from French exaggerations. Such vulgar common places, and other calumniesof the same nature, in- wented by the servile supporters of despotism, who do not even understand the nature of liberty, have been reproduced by foreign periodicals, as though they were worthy of belief; ae that the country, instead of being supported by the republicans of « other nations interested in the progress of humani- ty, bas been the object of their rude and senseless attacks. Bot New Granada, like a nobleminded ‘man, conscious of his rectitude, has despised these attacks, and trusts her vindication to time, that will Wring to light the results of her actions in a ‘manner that must convince alike the wise, the in- credglons and the stolid. Let what will be said of New Granada—of tha‘ country set in the of the torrid zone in the centre of America, f the link that unites her two grea’, divisions, washed both by the Atlantic and Pacific, and facilitating the communication be- tween them to the commerce of the world—this Country, I repeat, in which the tremendous and ma- jestic Andes everywhere exhibit their noblest fea- tures, their richest and most enchanting loveliness, ia arising a republic which will soon be worthy to merve as @ model to many others, and will challenge the attention of the world, not only for the perfec- tion which a pure and true democracy and the whole republican system are attaining there, but also for the precious productions which abound in her soil, of @ nature sui generis, that attracts and fascinates, and retains iu her bosom all those who are capable of appreciating it. There are not wanting those who will continue to Geclare that the vaunted reforms of New Granada are but ridiculous Utopias. I would ask them to cite but one that is Utopian. Those who write or speak upon the subject should at least be acquainted with the facts that have taken place in the country, for they have been of such great ce and notoriety that they could not escape the sight of any inquirer, however ignorant. I am one of those who have sided to produce them. They are no other than the following:— 1, The abolition of slavery by means of a just in- demnification to the slave owners. 2. The liberty of the press. Je 3. The liberty of every branch of industry and instruction which is not openly opposed to mo- rality.. 4, The abolition of all monopolies that fettered Jabor,and vexed and oppressed the people in the most unequal and insupportable manner; commenc- ing with the abolition of the monopoly of tobacco— oné of the most prodnctive branches of labor in the country—which monopoly weighed most heavily up" on the people. 6. The separation of the Roman church from the Siate, and the toleration of all forms of wor: ship. This measure has secured to all the right of professing whatever religion they choose, and the government and the people are exempt from the exactions, restrictions and servitude imposed upon them by the monarchical theocracy which was or- ganized and interpolated in the republic, under the name of Roman Catholic Church. 6. The descentralization of authority and of th» revenues. This measure has strengthened the mu nicipal authority, and advanced the proper organi zation of the districts, producing, also, the effect o divesting the executive power of some more than royal prerogatives it possessed—the most per- nicious of these being the right to name the judges of the tribunals, and the governors of the provinces. 7. The abolition of capital punishment for politi- cal offences, 8. The electoral vote conceded to every Grana- Gian and foreigner enjoying the rights of citizen- , ship. This measure bas given to the people ,that intervention to which they have a right in every: thing that concerns them. %, The abolition of the monarchical veto, which rendered the action of the national Congress, and consequently the sovereignty of the people, nearly Dugatory. 10. The abolition of all duties on exportations, as ‘well ag those paid on the working of gold and sil- ver mines, and the coinage of these metals. 11. The institution of trial by jary. ° ‘These are the most important acts that have been consummated, and these constitute the principal reforms that bave been introduced in the institu- tions of New Granada. Other reforms which have deen realized are of a minor character, such as— 1, The encouragament given to the improvement * of ways of communication, both by land and water, by means of which steam na mm has been es- tablished onthe noble Mi , and important carriage and bridle roads have been constructed, without mentioning the it railroad across the Isthmus, which is on the point of being termi- nated. 2. All that selates to the encouragement of immi- gration, $ F pid J z iit felis : z 5 : f \ a sa aad i ee H B g F bers of the who had and a traitor to the principles he had aided to tain, his crimes did not even 5 3 x a & B38 é é F every apecies of depredation worthy of the people with whom he had surrounded himself; and in | order to increase his adherents by dra the | fanatical portion of the populace into his » he ‘ion should be the only declared that the Roman one ee in the republic. Notwithstanding this, he has made but few proselytes, and those from the lowest class of the people. ‘So few have been the adherents he has found in the capital, that all | the houses and stores have remained closed, and the greater part of the inhabitants have fied td the country—the few who have remained have suffered over ape fes of extortion. By these means he has succeeded in filling the capital with terror, and in arming about 2,500.men. General Herrera, who, for- tunately, had been named constitationally by’ the Congress successor of the President and Vice Preai- dent ot the republic in case of their failure, escaped from the capital to Choconta—a distance of 15 leagues —end three days after the conspiracy, ccs a proclamation declaring himself to be in the exercise of the executive power. This circular, which spread rapidly to every corner of the pepabllonareal received with greatest enthusiasm. Every province was eager to send troops to Bogota to put down the conspiracy ; but Herrera to remain tranquil, as tely and simultaveously the neighb towns had furnished more resources than he ne to reduce the rebels to submission. In effect, Melo having sent a of soldiers to attack Herrera, these were vanquished by him ina few minutes. Melo had then recourse to was that of eke | ene Jas, r, a8 in command, Colon with 400 or 500 picked men; but this well as the rest who found themselves with him, although at first t liad been of to bend to circumstances. it lost their sense of duty, and far (from attacking lerrera, they placed themselves under his orders without making the least resistan: in the mean- time, Melo every effort to inorease the number of his accomplices and the of his ephemeral dominion. For this end he dispatched a contpany of soldiers to take possession of La Mesa, whic! company was conquered and made ae ane companies he sent to attack Honda, the same fate. He remained then, shut up in Bogota, with five hundred soldiers and one hundred criminals taken from the prisons, and enrolled as worthy oompenins of himeelf and fo! t this juncture Herrera appeared im the north men, and having sent General Franco art of these forces to explore the move- ments of Melo in Cipaquira, in the discharge of his duty General Franco was killed, and his detachment eneral Herrera, leaving part of the division un- der the command of General Juan Jose Reyes Patria, retired with the remainder to the town of Ambale- ma, with the object of combining his operations with these of General Jose it who, ever the valiant and feithfal servant of r and Iberty, had raised a fine corps of men immediately upon hear- Es of the events that had taken place in the capi- , and commenced his march for that oy 80 that before the end of the month of June, the forces of the legitimate reroment must have oc- cupied Bogota, and c! the heads of the con- spiracy. : Of the thirty five provinces of which New Gra- nada is in owl there is not one that would have yielded obedience tothe rebel chief; he only [apo ed in the deserted streets of Bogota. For this rea- son, the republic has:remained in‘complete and this event has shown clearly that the I principle has acquired in that country sufficient atrength to overcome, in every case, the excesses of brute force. Even supposing that Melo, in conse- quence ®@f the little triamph of Cipaquira, should suc- ceed in reducing two or three provinces, the re- maining thirty-two would spontaneously raise all the force necessary to overwhelm him. bert Go I work yoa will he pet ay ‘ou Mi fear not for your emigration pi . Xt this date ee be terminated, and if any reliance can be p! in a letter from Santa- marta, said to be circulating in this city, it would appear that the population of Bogota, exasperated by the depredations and violence commit by elo and his agents, bad risen upon and hung him and his principal accomplices. Should this ; a to be the case, as seems not at all unlikely, le- timate government will not only have resumed ite peaceful and constitutional career, but will, in fact; be strengthened by the triumph of the liberal principles, by the disappointment of the dupes of the conspiracy, and be more capable than ever to e impulse to those public improvements which are the great object with which we ought to occupy ourselves at present, in order to give vitality to in- dustry and to the national treasury, which are now in a lamentable state of depression. I will repeat to you a thousand times that no fear need be entertained of any radical change in the ins ions that have lately been given to New Granada. They have not been the work of one day or cf one moment of enthusiasm—they are the ré- sult of many years of labor, of experience, and of perseverance. ‘The fears you entertain on the sub- ject of the influence of the socalled conserva- tive party, are entirely without foundation. The honest portion of the old conservatives have aczepted the reforffls in good faith, and united themselves to the great national party, whose motto is “Liberty, Order, Progress;” the wicked portion of the conservatives are so few in number, and their numbers of 60 rade a character, that they are not capable of inspiring the least uneasiness. The New Granadians cannot tolerate a dictator, nor any other government which is not republican and democratic. They have given oem proofs that they were not born for beasts of burden, but to be the sovereigns of an entirely free republic. The Condor of the Andes shall never be yoked to the chariot of a despot. 1 do not deny the lity of redacing part of the republic by , by treason, or by deceit, to the rule of a tyrant; but [ insist that such an order of thinga would be so anomalous and ephemeral that it could not Iast six months. New Granada has always known how to maintain her dignity, and it ia not to be conceived that that haughty and in- comitable nation, with her two millions a half of inhabitants, expert in srms and worshippers of liberty, should bow down before a usurper. It is not true, col i have been told, that the overnment has offered to recall the Jesuits. Per- aps Melo may have made such an offer; but Gen. Herrera, who is actually in of the executive power, could not de ao if he w the law does net allow him—and would not if he could, since bette Li en ym tected, the hee im), }, were persons who, as members of the government, the most decided part in e1 the decree for the expal- sicn of that society. decree was ratified our three signatures in the year 1850. Here I remark to you that decree, (which I for- to mention am: rtant asts of the fet few years,) may seem obnoxious to the charge of religious intoleranze, it is not really so; it was enacted in virtue of a pre existent law, and with the express object of eecuring religious toterance, which it was im ible to effect, on account of the irre- sistible inflaence possessed by the Jesuits in the re- public. I shall conclude b, a not to relinquish hey plans hel Graaf Be’ = fret tint a country hope, tha’ offers great - vantages to thore who ‘yi to avail themselves of Ler nataral resources. Your obedient friend and eorvant, ‘Vico. os 2, Pasapas. THRER DAYS LATER FROM HAVANA, ‘We have received, by the steamship Philadelphia, our letters and files of papers from Havana to the 14th inst. The latter contain no news of any inters eat whatever. The following is OUR HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE, Havana, July 14, 1854. ture of Mail Steamer for Oadiz—Cuban Views of American Political Divisions and Contests— The Slaves Landed by the Gray Eagle—Mexican News—Business—Health of Havana—Excitement About the Eastern War, &c. Orders to two of our Spanish war steamers have been issued to cruise on the probable sailing path of the ship of the line Soberax0, now expected from Cadiz, with eleven hundred recruits on board, in order to intercept her, and to render service should she require it, Some anxiety is felt for her on ac- count of her age, although she has taken out most of ber armament. Should she encounter heavy weather, which is not likely at this aeason, she tt require aid, while length of voyage from light weather might cause distress for food and water. The question as to the sale of Cubs is fairly open them on the part ities, and bo bewal as same orders Fig the ounce. He oss xr for Cadiz went to sea onthe evening of the 12th, was full of passen- 18, Leen | them several officers of rank ia the army, which shows that General Pezuela does not anticipate necessity for their service here. We are full of the belief that your division in iblic sentiment is to lead to in between the uth and the North, aad to this pitch wé tune all our inatraments of power over the minds of the le, that the be peer may obtain, if possible, Of the instability of the institutions of ths United States, andof their inadequacy for good govern- ment—for security of the welfare and interests of the people. course we fill up with co- ious extracts from all the anti-national prints, h South and North, and set them in array againat each other, with the intimation that they express firmly your public opinion, leaving unnoticed the many journals that hang upon the inkegrty of the frag and geen bly ie majority of millions of your people, embrac! the es? reflecting material of the masses. To atran- gers the danger would seem imminent, especially where the subject and the purpose are openly avow- ed by overheated zealots and enthusiasts and affected philanthropists, but a close investigation of the matter, with the known principles, integrity andjin- telligence of your citizens, without whose voice no such enormity can be perpetrated,will go far to aatis- fy io wear mings this fatal calamity will not be o! et occurrence. It ot A possible, about the time that New Orleans is visited with bombard- ment by the Spanish steam marine, New York blockaded by the same power, and all the Yankee throats are cut in Havana by. the instigation of the Spanish Consul at New Or! » which casualties, by order of vice regal power, are deferred fora By the I may as weil retave here, that Gen. pose, or emeute, of Span- ven i a to him by the raw consular material alluded to, with the ition, ‘‘ that he can control Yankee as well as Spanish national en- thusiasm,”’ under the impalsion of the pointed in- fluence at bis command, in the ta of his tri- colored soldiery; and that “no excitements are per- itted here,” for which, “no cause can have a moment's existence without his knowledge.” It is now piss that the authorities at Ortigora will be able to establish, to the satisfaction of the goverument,” that only two hundred and fifty Africans were introdi yy the slaver Gray Eagle,—which will isa thing for them—of : a and his cousin gence that improves he (prenpect for Santa Anna; al- though itgs said a“ ae fund,” for his bene- fatal befal him, out provided from the that will pgs ate sort past services, sacri and personal liabilities, which he financiers and directs as may be compati- bie with the public interests, his present necessities, and future wants. Our business continues without much change from my advices by the Cahawha; freights little more down, anda leas in demand; exchange, northern, 14 to 2 per cent discount; London, 9§ to of compensation for 10 per cent premium. ‘he health of Havana continues as have been advised, only a little more of the malaria, with the addition of subjects. An interesting young dy, of the family of Montalvo, was a victim to fire @ few nights since. Endeavor to light a cam- phene burner, her dress took fire, and there was no one present to aid in e: the flames. She had several times previous, been wonderfully saved from the fate, that seemed to wait on her, from like cauges. Oar political fever seems to have subsided, and we are in the cold and torpid fege of disease, rom which we shall only be roused when the cause of “eternal justice” ae eal leas honor is vin- dicated”—and the “ ional integrity and interests are saved” from the craving grasp of the universal Yankee nation. Our smusements, tame bulls, “chicken fixins,” and chicken-fights—farces in high- life, and at the “Vileanueva,”—shows of old and worn-out faces at the “Liceo,” and balls once a week at the Puento Grande,—not warm!—and Napa Mas. Posrscripr.—At the ultimo moment I have some- thing more to say, as [ have returned from the Phi- ladelpbia, from New Orleans and to leave immedi- ately for New York. The report by her of the backing down of the “ white bear,” and the conse- quent arrangement of the Eastern question without a show of metal on the part of France and England, has produced intense excitement here: And it is already Cetermined in the palace that we have no- thing ‘more to apprehend from our ‘barbarian neighbors” of the North, as their lines will be laid down for them with precept from the cannon’s month, if need be, by the two protectorate powers. ‘This is talk—and not much at that—but the result for the moment will be an impetus to our business, while the contest of antagonistic principles is de- ferred only—it will have to come off; and it would have been wise, perbsps, if they bad determined its settlement, when they had so well provided for it with a just cause for the excuse. But I have said enough. Nava Mas. Havana, July 14, 1854. Public Feeling at the Interment of Jose Estampé, the Patriot—Death of Rosario Romerc—The Gace ta’s List of the Persons who have Accepted the Am nesty— Growing Insolence of the Negroes— Patent cf an Invention of a Composition in Imitation of Glass and Marble—New Spanish Tenor. If ever the people of this city ventured upon an expression of public opinion, it took place a few days since, at the interment of Jose Estampé. The cause of his death was lung disease. During the administration of Gen. Canedo, it is understood, he was engaged in collecting arms and ammunition for the purpose of revolt, amd had he been appre- hendtd, would have suffered death by the garote; however, he managed to escape to New Orleans— but finding his health to be extremely precarious, he returned to his native land, (under the recent amnesty,) to die. One of the most respectable un- de: taker’s here, a Spaniard, undertook the direction of the funeral, and supplied his most splendid hearse nj mourning coaches, gratis; livery stable keepers sent large numbers of their carriages upon the same terms. Wax candles were supplied freely, in abun- dance, and a more brilliant p: mn has never followed the remains of individual to the tomb, than that which fol Jose je And it could not have been on accountof his " or that of his family, for he and they are miserably poor. He died in a wretched hut, which, perhaps, reute for $10 per month; but all this honor was paid to hia corpse, because it was known that he was a atri And if the prayers of thousands can have ft soul to heaven, he is there long aince. also my painful duty to record the decease of an estimable and beautiful girl, of about twenty years of age—Rosario Montalbo Romero—whose Geath was occasioned by her clothes catching fire from the flame of a spirit lamp, which she was en- geged in filling. Immediate dal aid was afford- ed, » alas! in vain; her t left its mortal pig and rie ee A ora A more |, more pure, OF mi ut than was the lamented Rosario Iijmero I have rerely met in my Upon earth, May she rest in pence, ’ ‘ ! | 2 & 4 § j : : j E a tet 2 d | ‘i ih alee z: eal cE sh 5 H Hi E F = 4 i i Rusia Having a Turn All Round—New Dificulty with the United States, (Translated from the Courrier des Etats Unis, July 20.] Here is some news which is likely to cool down a little the manifestation of American sympathies Sawoika, the Governor of Kamschatka and of the Russian possessions on the Northwestern coast of North America, and the United States Consul at Novo-Akanguelsk (New Archangel). From its origin, its character, and the questions to which it gives rise, this difficulty may be attended with the most important results, and may lead to a rupture between Russia and the United States, according to the course which the government of the former may think proper to pursue. ‘rom time immemorial the Americans have exer- cised the right of fishing and trading along the whole of the Northwest coast indiscriminately. This right had never been contested, at least since the treaties executed between Russia and the adminis- Soey at Washington in the years 1821, 1824 and 1834, In April last, General Sawoika, acting under the powers that he held from his government, granted to a wealthy company the exclusive ans ct fishing upon the entire extent of the coast w! the Rus- sians hold their possessions. This grant encom: assed @ very large zone and tract over which the Rassians bave no eight whatever. In the meantime, General Sawoika announced to the foreign repre- sentatives the agreement, just concluded, and pro- claimed that those ships which should not respect the rights of the grantees, would be seized, and that their owners would have to pay a fine of $3,000. This measure created great excitement, and the United States Consul protested in a most energetic manner against it. Notwithstanding this protest, the Russian officials have detained by force in the bay of Sitka, an American and a Chilian ship, under retence that they were specially fitted out for the ries just pi ited. Such was the state of things at the date of the latest advices. In order that our readers may appreciate the exact en oe this question, it is necessary to mention Russia has, at several times, claimed the most Important districts of the western coast of America, ‘pon these questions the most serious difficulties have arisen between the two countries, and up to the Pyeng time they have never been satisfactoril peiesc , the last treaty of 1844 being but a provi- ional one. Celebration of the Fourth of July at the Baham AB. ‘rom the Royal Gazette, (Nassau, N. P.,) July 6. Pecterday being the Meaienuty of tie United States ‘Declaration of Independence,” the “Star Spangled Banner” was only displayed at the con- sulate and at the wharf of Mr. Fi son, ship- builder tothe American underwriters, where a sa- lute of thirty-six guns was fired at noon; this was returned by the American barks prey 3 and Byron, each of which fired the same number hat is, thirty-six—one for each State in Union. These vessels were decorated with the flags of all nations, among which that of England occupied a prominent and honorable gaa In most places under British rule, in former times, similar demonstrations have given rise to much jea- lousy and heart burning; but in the present liberal Fig ae seo peng are happy to think that —_ feelings are being banished me — Englishmen, home and abroad. Happy, too, are we to observe the strides which ‘are bein made in the United States in the advancement every department of science, industry and literature, and only regret that there should be a blot upon her escutcheon, which every true friend to the nation would fain see aeedily obliterated. Need we say that this is vrsine Corres Pogue of which isa plain and direct con of the assertion that “every man oe and possessed of equal and inalienable fo are Tages 1a know teat therela netthon test probability of an interruption of the present ble relations between the two and kindred nations of Great Britain and the United States of America. These two powerful and en! d countries seem to be destined by an over-ruling Providence to be the means of civilizing and evangelizing the world; it is therefore earnestly to be hoped that the etates- men of both countries will not allow any feelings of national pride or ambition to jeopardize the present mutoal feeling, but that they will rather make it their study to cement more and more the bonds of unity and concord now so happily existing be- tween them. We understand that J. F. Bacon, Esq., United States Consul, entertaimed a select party at a dejeu- ner @ la fouchette in the afternoon. Reduction of Tonage Duties. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, } WasHincton, Juty 17, 1854. { By the following royal order of the Queen of Spain recently transmitted hither from, the United States legation in Madrid, it will be seen that a consider- able reduction has been made in tonnage duties and Ror Sharer ere vessels of the United States in the eninsula adjacent Islands. TRANSLATION. Maorip, June 14, 1854. Minky of Finance. Miustrious Sir: the Queen | (whom God rd!) has been pleased to direct that | Anglo- Ame! vessels be considered in the Penin- ‘sula and adjacent islands like national ones, as re- gards the port and navigation’ duties, in reciproci- ty for what is practised with Spanish vessels from the same places in the ports of the United States as regards the seme duties. By royal order I say this to your Excellency for your intelligence, and for its consequent effects, &c. Domeneca. és To the General Director of Custom-Houses and Summer end Sumner, rom the Charleston Standard.) What is the difference between summer and Sum- ner? D'yegive itup? While it takes many siwal- lows to make a summer it takes but one Sumner to make a swallow. See recent debate inthe Senate, as thus: — . Judge Butler—I would Ithe to ask the Ssnator if Con. gress repesled the fugitive slave law would Massachus. setts execute the cor ‘onal requirements and send back to the South the absconding slaves ? Mr. Sumner—Do you me iff would send back a slavery Judge Butler—Why. yes. a fe. Some — la ‘thy set¥ant a dog that he should lo this 0 8t Paul, the illustrious apostle of the Gentiles, (we are tanght,) resto: ed the runaway slave , mus to his master, Philemon, without any requsi- tion, or being solicited to do so. See his letterto Philemon, v. 10.11, 12. Whose theory of duty and example furnishes the best means of imitation, St Paul's, or the Hon. Mr. Sumner’s, the Senator off Ma ? Ina merely human point of view, and in to the beauty and profoundness of in- struction as to our social duties, we doabt if any thing ever yet sald or wiitten by Theodore Parker or the Hop. Mr. Sumner will be found equal to St. Paul's epistle to Philemon, or even those to the He- the Romans. kardia AN Unsxiiever 1 rae New Gosrt. ouncity Rox Map. — It appears by the first sot the Report of Lien gar prnlee Seas at patent was, in September last, issued to Da- vid Freed, of Huntingdon, Pa, for an “improve- ment in toilet furniture. The invention consista in attaching to a piece of furniture an Spperatas, by means of which pantaloons may be ywn off, without stooping or ge down,” This is what may be a lazy man’s Inxury. Manzinss Servine with tue Anuy.— When tho marine corps, or portions thereof, are detached for service with the ag 4 by order of the President of the United States, in conformity with the second rection of the act of Jnne 30, 1534, they are subject to the laws and reguistions of the army, but at all other times they are under the authority of the Navy Department, and subject to the laws and rey lations for the government of the pavy.— ‘ashingten Star, July 17. The Downins Hava Court Martial, BLEVENTH Dar. Peapeuma Navy Yann, July 18, 1854 ‘The court resumed’ the session this morning, when the | tizan of the elty Hon, Mr. Schenck tostised as follows, in continuation of | freat conficence in the queries by the court, commenced the previous dey — ‘Str Charles Hotham enid that he felt he had taken » great liberty in speaking #0 frankly to us about our cap- tain, the senior naval officer of the Unived States then on | fhe the station; the conversation was so far of « confidentia; cbaracter, thet afterwards, when he and I met at Rio de | ¢rnment would own kno him, end f is reported "to be money of course; he would ive bait or want ive what he fuiza should succeed, he was universal nt of the government in the with Coe, and I sup) ate oust bare been, for the gew- ve a man oom nected with Coe with ao much anys Janeiro, suggesting to bim that the conduct of Ceptain | farther, in explanation, that I do not ‘aien fo imply . Downing and the affair at Buenos Ayres might become a | opinion that subject of investigation at home, { obtained his permis- sion to use his name, and refer to him if it should be necessary; Capt. Downing did not then, or at any time ) Governor before or afterwards, ask my advice or counsel as to the | vineial Le course he should pursue in reference to receiving Coe; - the only communication that passed between him and me on the subject, was my letter to him on June 28th, 1853; heacted in the matter on his own responsibility and entirely independently of the diplomatic representa- tives ot the United States. The necessity for the presence of Captain Downing at Buenos Ayres was only repre- sented by him in the lecter referred to. I had no com- munication or personal intercourse with Captain Downing prior to his leaving Buenos Ayres, in reference to public affairs, except as I haye iy stated. The only other communica’ ‘that I remember was a request made to a we his officers, that ebnas permit a to wh ase r » Sith one of the menses of ‘the officers, if they would re ceive him, as far as Montevideo. This was after to erg something should induce him to believe it was his duty to at all bazards, which necessity must be Pe ray evident as to justify him in sacri! the sentatives were a o yprioty of ecme naval force there, but T could not pretend rstand or decide upon a question of . Imay add, in all these matters, being there myself on a special mission only, I was disposed to give precedence to Mr. Pendleton, who was our resident diplomatic representative. We were both: surprised by Captain Downing’s sudden determinationto leave, and course had not requested him in advance not to leave, because we did not bor any such resolution on his part; Captain Downing not regard my opinion, appa- rently, as to the propriety or necessity of his ataying; but there was never ai contemptuous or offensive in his bearing towards me; I understood that Coe’s fawily preceded him to Rio; after his arrival there in the James- town, he had taken passage in the British steam packet for bimeelf and family, ts carry out his original pur, of proceeding to England; some difficulty occurred about there not being sufficient consideratiorf or civility ahown tohim, and he left, and went afterwards in a sailing veasel (Captain Downing, prompting, said, ‘a clipper ship’’) to the United States; I think he is now in England or somewhere abroad, having left the United States about three months since; fact I spacentelly learned from his being at the same hotel wit! myself in. New York when preparing to sail. Fam nota military man, (though once a militia colonel,) and I should suppose that if Coe’s squadron had mutinied, it would have been his duty to bey to Gereral Urquiza. If, however, he had got within the power of Gen. Urquiza, or the Argentine government, 1 have no doubt he would have been shot as a traitor. Indeed, such was the assurance of Gen. Urquiza, ex- pressed to me shortly afterwards. From my intercourse with the head of the A: ‘tine government and army, I happened to know that they were exceedingly anxious to catch him. eG. og ‘The queries from the court being concluded, Mr. Schenck made an application to postpone the cross-ex. amination, as be had despatches from Washington re- guiriog his presence there; and Mr. Crabb, the counsel or the accused, pledged himself that the questions would not occupy much time, and the testimony went on. In cross-examination, Mr. Schenck stated that the siege of Buenos Ayres was raised about thé 11th or 12th of July. Ido not know that Coo’s flagship was more powerful than the other vessels that went over; I should suppose, being the fiagship, that it was so. I never heard, that I recollect, of the crew of Cos’s flagship being unanimous in their determination not to fire another gun in theservice of Urquiza. I think I did observe 8 in the boats cf the Jamestown, on one occasion, at Rio. I considered Capt. Dowoing's letter to me as an officiel letter of some sort, as he volunteer- ed planation of his motives for leaving Buenos Ayres. whing’sconduct towards me never indicat contempt for me, and if it had I should not have brooked it. Mr. Pendleton was decidedly of the opinion that Gen. Urquiza was the proper national head of the Argentine Confederation, and that the city of Buenos Ayres was in a state of secession or rebellion from the timate au- thority. Mr. Pendleton is a man of ardent temperament and quick mind, and was accustomed to express himself strongly and freely. ‘This gave him, I think, the reputa- tion among the friends of the mepeee of being a par- tizan of Urquiza; but it is due to Mr. Pendleton that I should state that I concurred with him entirely in the reeognition of the government of the Argentine Confede- ration, and of Gen. Urquiza as the legitimate head of that government. We officially r him only as such, made treaties with him, ‘and thoes treaties have been sanctioned und ratified by the President and Senate of the United States. After Gen. Urquiza’s victory over Rosas, it was not my understanding that he established a military despotism, but there was a much better government than before. In 1852the people seemed t« be certainly enjoying a much greater degree of civil liverty than they did before under Rosas. 8 difficulty betweet Urquiza andthe Chambers took place in September of that year, after I had sailed for Rio, and th t was some nine months before the transactions in 1858, of which I have been hg then I do not know of any claims held by Mr. Pendleton gainst the Argentine Confederation, in which } he was interested, and in the case of his success Would have derived a large per centage. I would add that any honest or intelligent man being there and ac- quainted with the country’s conditiom, would have con- nidered the sucoess of the national government under Urquiza desirable for the benefit of that people, without reference to any personal interest in the question. I never informed the accused of any interview with Saint Clair. In that interview Mr. Pendleton used some oaths or profane sxpesaalone, and tauch excited in denouncing Saint ir. I thought it unne- ceseary to repeat them when I was testifying as to that interview. Urquiza was not defeated, but withdrew from the siege upon an understanding that was made with the authorities of the inside Party through the media- tion of Sir Charles Hotham, the Chevalier St. Georges, and myrelt; the British, French and American ministers, called’ upon both parties to arbitrate between them; when the contingent forces of the confederation were withdrawn by Gen. Urquiza, he and hia suite of officers were afforded a passage up the Uruguay rivor, to the moutb of the Gualquayahu, in the Water Witch; this was « courtesy which we ad vised Captain Page to extend to him in pursuance of the arrangement that had been made; it contributed to the success of our negotiations, and bas been approved by our government; the Water Witch went up the river about the 13th or 14th of July. Cay Downing here said that tne Jamestown sailed on the 2d of July, and that he knew that the siege was to ‘ be raised. Mr. Schenck—We did not. ‘in Downing—But I bad better authority. Schenck—I never knew or heard of the accused calling on any of the foreign diplomatic representat at Buenos Ayres; I never told the accused that Sir Charles Hotham declined dining at the same table with hi im. Question by the accused—Did you consider that it tended to support the honor and dignity of your na- | tional flag to allow Sir Charles Hotham to expresa him- | self as he did concerning on American naval officer in | command on a foreign station, without yourself noticing it, or giving the accused an opportunity to do so? ‘Answer—I did not notice it myself as offensive, for two reasons—first, because Sir Charles made every proper | apology for venturing to question us as to the guests we invited to our table, and expressed himself with much y an ssions of respect to our government, | 8 personally; secondly, Lecause I | Charles had too mueh apparently good rea. son for the course he pursued; | did not communicate it to Captain Downing, because after haviug omitted him, the serior naval officer, from the lit of our invited | guests, I did not feel called upon to communicate any exception y others; Ihave nothing to ad tomy pr cept that if Lhad not tho should not have take tor | ion of Mr. Schenck here closed, anithe | court took a recess | + resumed business, and examined Joseph E. | eed m dshipmoon of the U.S. Ni ducted | he Jamestown from the Sth of February, | dof the eruise—I was attached to the pt. Downing, during part of her late | bat Commodore ‘Coe was received on | board by Capt. Downing, and I understood through the representations of an officer sent on board by Commo. core Coe, that the crews of the different ships compos- »ad mutinied, and made expressiona of jon to pasa over to the inside party; as he (Commodore Coe) could not himself pass over he had sent an cfficer on board to request Capt. Downing to re ceive him on board the Jamestown; Capt. Downing order- ed the officer of the deck, Lieut. Deas, to man the gig ond eend her in charge of Midshipman Walker to the: Correo Commodore Coe's flagnh'p; Coe then came on board but I know of no previous understanding between Capt: Downing and Commodore Coe, and my impression was | that there was no such understanding; Commodore Coe | came on board the Jamestown the recond tine at Monte- video, and was landed at Rio, but I know nothing of the circumstances under which he came on board; whils at Buenos Ayres Capt. Downing thought it necessary to | Jam 5 crotre; 1 ka employ ‘am individual, named St. Clair, to procure provi- sions for the ship; what the understanding was in rela tion to th T have no kno wied; poly ; Capt Downlng loft the anchorage of Buenos Ayres and proceeded to Rio Ja neiro for the purpose of having the ship caulked; ho got under way {o go direet, but touched at Monterideo; soon after our arrival at Rio Janeiro the caulkera were em- ployed on the abip. | The court here adjourned. TWELFTH. DAY. PamnapEiraia Navy YARD, July 19, 1864, The Court met this morning, and the Fendleton was recalled, and testified aa follows, ia con- tinuation of the evidence commenced when he was last before the Court:— In reply to queries from the J Advocate, he stated know Mr. Hamilton, Consul at tevideo, very well, avd consider him a very respectable elderly gentleman, be hon ttle qualified to give cov ase) upon grave and dif- cult q cited, ir! men I know; a8 Yo the particular case, hi was 120 miles {rom the Pgbne of events; no paper permiticd to be published, fm Bueuos Ayres that pnbl 4 anything Dnpriatablo to the government, and | take it for grauted t¥.at he knew very well of the events that had been reo .otly transpiring there; I suppose that no question oF n possibly arise as to the comparative weight of Mr. “Grabem's opinion, who wi ‘HeCOEM rily knew ell the facts, and thatof Mr. Hamil- lt stions, where his own pensvolence might be ex- | n the spot, and | has any connection with , except to pay him the money, for Coe hada re; tion before the sale ofghe squadron little the city of Buenos Ayres than it was war in his ‘annual message the ‘ture, shortly after,/and in that part wi ferred to the finances, claimed $600,000 as having been paid in hard tBergeats engaged in maki it 5 tt Rg * 7 EF: i : ; : é ge eb 5 F k i E that the sum paid was not less than lars; I was also informed by various ticularty by Addison Dorrs, he knew of the rai of about that amount; the Cyr of cy about the time Captain Do 4 him what was understood to soll and {bet Captain Trming replied , at Captain re) stood it to be great Goal tree: board a vessel in the harbor, the name mentioned, but Tam not now certain as in my letter of the 24th June, 1853, 1 Downing that implicating i i Fi aFRee F i fli 8 or Sir Charles Hotbam that did not indicate the most fect res) to the government of the United Stat coy infection of giving Sy 0 'acelared any intention any 0} we got offended at the com cunica n that he peas itto be a cause of any unpleasant e had tried to write a note, and had three, because he could hit upon not himself, and that be had determined to free conversation with me, we having been intimate for revions six months, (having been living 8 jo eay to me that if Capt. Downing wns to be of the todine with Mr. Schencka nd myself, thatas a Pest tain in the navy, # gentleman and an Anglo- beg to be excused from fulfilling his promise to be ° he accompanied this remark with every expreasion could possibly disarm it of any offensiveness; I was very well sequainted with a one-armed man, said to be the: flag captain of Commodore Coe; I had known him aa second in command of the Correo when I ascey ‘Une Parana in 1862; I afterwards knew him aa captain of the. Correo, and subsequently met him more frequentig ashore; Mr. Cerruti, tho Sardinian Minister at Busnes Ayres, had come-to my house about the time of the trea- all the foreigners in Coe’s squadron the only one whe had turned out to act like a genileman was his country- man, this one-armed man; that when he was thanked em one who had come over to the inside party, he the compliment indignantly, and protested Mahe ae ae T mot : ay ba ud i i iit of a i not come over voluntarily, and would accept of compliment or pay for having done a0. this man afterwards, and had a conversation with him. He tol me when he found out what Coe was at he had an ment with two other officers on board the veasel to him and send him in chains to Gen. Urquiza, but that Coe contrived to corrupt these as he had a the rest, and he stood alone or he would have done it; he stated to me that it took Coe a long the to induce his command to ge over, but as to a mutiny, such a thing was never tig ht of nor spoken of, sofar as he knew or had eard' The witness continued, in reply to a qui tha Ceurt, and said—As to the Pak, of roe away by Coe on board the Jamestown, I only know what: I waa informed by Mr. Schenck. The cross-examination of the witness by the accuse@ then commenced, when the following was adduced:- information with regard to the amount of pay in arrearm to the crews of Coe’s squadron, are, thet some of the officers=I do not know how many—were paid arreare. alleged to be due to them while in the service of the. blockading party, after their arrival in the city; bat fer the most part they were paid nothing. Many came to me representing themselves to be Ameri- cans, who had been in the squadron, they’ had received nothing, | and =r intercession in their bebaif; I sent them to the Americar Consul, and I understood he never fot anything for ang of them; during the prreenaecs of Rosas there was @& long correspondence between Captain aod my- self, inrelation to facilitating the escape of some gen- tlemen, who I did not understand to be political, official, or criminal offenders, but who, for some reason or other, had fallen into disfavor with Rosas, who told me that if they remained where they were they would be murdered; one of these gentlemen was the son of the Argent here. in the eee Lager Ved the hy ae: in New York, and the others were y respecte ih a 3 em, pe, and I would have got off others could I have done 50; Rasas bad, during the fifteen years he was ia power, privately inated not less than five thousand persons, and, sbout the time alladed to, more than « dozen persons had been arrested in the streets aad or- dered to be shot, without even the mockery of a trial; the public executions during the reign were “"the Court b took a recess, after which three letters e ere a er h tl were read frcm Mr. Pendleton to Capt. Downing, im reis- of teat deal of thet i F. § tion to assibtin, to from the Rosas for thelr assassination, which were ac by Mr. Pendleton as genuine. He stated that the cer- respondence had never been transmitted to the ment, but the facts of the escape were, and he ceived the thanks and approbation of the President retary. In r quer! tbs the witness Hated tint there waa nothing Tocris or offensive in Capt..Downing’s letters; the captain did seem to bevery careful about ‘neurring res but I made no complaint of thet, only that it to bea sudden determination; Dr. Heresgo, one of these who escaped, was a lawyer by profession; came Gen. Urquiza as an aide; was a man about twenty-five ears of age, and was the most distinguished now of in the confederation for his age; he was military man by profession; when I left he was ber of the Argentile Congre member of the cabinet; A caped, was subsequently ¢! stituent Congress. I have accounted for two of the refugees; the third waa Major Vega, a military man of standing, and he did coma- in with Gen. Urquiza; Rosas declared Urquiza a traitor, a savage Unitarian, a madman and a rascal in every publi document that was printed in the State, in order fis its might be legal, at the head of every advertisement whiol, was allowed to be put in the newspapers, and ase cap- tion to every ticket of invitation toa ball or a dinnec that was allowed to be given by a native; it was alse printed on ribbons, and ordered to be worn around at or at the buttonhole of every He il enos that dased to disrecard the regulation; Gen. Urq previous to this declaration of hostility to Rosas, was, course, under the command of Rosas from 1880 to 1852, when the revolution commenced: he was Governor and Captain General of Entre Rios for twenty years, an@ during the whole of that time had been 8 Brigadier General in the army of | Roms: s gertlemen o' enos Ayres and myself, shortly befer® the fall of Rosas, were in the habit of bi in the suburbs of the city, and of makings of it, pretty much after the fashion of the barbacuos. this country; when it was about to come to my turn.te give a breakfast, it was proposed that I should give it abeard the American vessel in the harbor; not sq that any person on the Jamestown, from the down, could have any possible objection to my I saia'l would, I intended asking Capt. Do: etmission to do so, but before ak tie op | [heard that be had made some objection to it, and Lim rmed the gentiemen that they mast take ashore, and accordingly gave it ashore; Urquiza, [ under- stond, avery stern man, and I think T have hear® in the city of Puenos Ayresevery crime that is deusunse@) n the dréalogne immnted to htm; my individual opiatom: 5. that be was not only the greatest general, but the most bonest and patriotic man I ever met with in the rge o Confederstion, I have no information as te what wos paid to Urquiza by the Emperor of Brasil te upset the government of Rosas, but sn allianem existed, and I have understood that the | wee to furnish money for the expenses of the war in liew received. of bis full quota of troops; [do not know who it, but suppose Geo. Urquiza,os be was the commander of the troops; 1 never was on board the Jamestown. the two years she was in the river at Buenos Ayres; had occesionslly the use of her boats,andI believe when- ever Lasked for them, upto the time of the about Coe and St. Clair; afterwards I never asked them, and would not have accepted of theit in nutnber of letters from Mr. Pendleton to Captaim Downing, in relation to the St. Clair difficulty, were oul mitted and pronounced genuine | 1 don’t remember the cates of the various letters; the facts I have in fresh re- collection ; Captain | owning enclosed, without remark of any sort, Coe's note to him, informing him of St. Glair'a ig; the same day Gen. Urquiza informed me that feldand St. Clair were smuggling under the American Sag; 6nding Capt. owning had takon to stop Canfield, and not to prevent St, Clair, I ssid in that ease be had positive evidones (8t. Olair's), be no steps to stop a most scandalous proceeding, wee very prpmpt in the other, where he had nothing but ra- mors. [stopped my man immediately, but could net induce him to adopt the same course. with, St, Claire, the correspondence I refer to ia all in evidence, prectice of sending an officer of Jamestown to was discontiaued at exactly the time when, in opinion, an officer should have gone, for the reason I wes informed that St. Clair was endeavoring to Heense, first of the consul, at $2,000 per day, in monty, afterwards of the purser of Jamestown, at $1,000 per dey and the supplies of the shi booides, eat. when the enormous prices of provisions in olty e og ees nat bape! Oy ve ¢ last question asi y accuse 1 was had not framed quate, to a by ager the court in this ease, to yourself and to + The witness gave the following anawer:— I have put in the bands of the Judge Advovate, and also in the bands of members of the court, and intend te | put again in the handa of both, such questions, and eld fuck questions, aa in my judgment are ealeu! in see eee he gil afaw to make = copsistency, impartiality and trath of my own A | beyond that T have no interest or anxiety aa to grees or termination of this trial, court axked whether the witooss had aay i | ni ten, who jived in another piace, and possibly knew nO’ bing at ail about them; 1 was also very well ac q@aistea with Semuei Hale; he is a vory cospectable a nebick son wits Captain Page of the Water Witel, he stated ‘that ve ad ‘received an order frock Onptatan Downing that be wou! a ar. Cpebb, the coyperl Cor the acoused, etated, thatss