The New York Herald Newspaper, July 15, 1854, Page 4

NEW YOP& HERALD, | s4568 3 yRDOY BENSETS, £2 ATETOR aND EDITOR. ferric Se W. ( ~onwRR OF NAASAT AND FULTON CTS U1 P HETALD cones per copy $1 per annum CL he eG o the Eucpetn F rs iy P Treat ‘Britain and $8 te any part of ‘the le pustaoe ‘s wed every dav. on ccsegons opormoaeadiouel We te ov -oture those rejected 1 OLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE ‘impor- s 11 sume whieited from any ywarter of thaworld Uf weed 4 Ji be Hberalty paid for ‘Gun PoReton Connesron % FANRTIOULARLY REQUESTED TO RAL ALI. AND PACKAGE? GENT IB ‘TERS by mail for Subvoriptions or temente to be paid, or the postage will be “De money remilted 18 PRINTING executed with neatner, cheapness, and rah. ro Volame XDX CASTLE GARDEN—Ga Sonn a umuna. BOWERY THEATRE. Bovery—Winrx Ronsy ov mie Pere xs—-Wiuvur Monee. noon and Evening—Rav OBRISTY'S AMERICAN OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broad way. —Ermorian Merovizs sy Cunsery’s MiverR eis. OO! ’S WINSTREL HALL 444 Brosdway.—Srmonas i xerneisy any Burussque Urena. BUCKLBY’S OPERA HOUSE 589 Broadway.—Bvox aav’s Brusovian Orexa TROUFS. =! FRANOOND’S MIPPODROUR—Manison Squanz. New York, Saturday, July 15, 1854. ‘To the Publte. The New Youx Henatp has now the largest cirevlztion af ony daily journal in Earops or America. ‘Tho Daily Himawp ciroulates nearly sizty thowand @heots per day. ‘The Weekly editions—published on Saterdey and Sun- @ny—reach a circulstion of nearly seventy thousand sheets per week. The aggregate issue of the Hmniup establishment is sbout four Aundred thousand sheets per week, or over foenty millions of sheets per annum. The News. FROM WASHINGTON. For the first time in many weeks yester lay’s 3¢s_ sion of the Senate pas-ed off without the preseata- tion of a memor al urging the repeal of the Fugitive Blave law. We take it for granted that the supply ef this sort of ammunition is exhausted. In order, therefore, to keep the ball in motion, Mr. Cuase of fered his dill to prohibit slavery in the Territories of the United States. He frankly declared that his object in bringing forward this proposition was +o keep alive the fanatical agitation which has so long distracted the country. A test vote on the question wilt probably be taken today when the 1ill comes up on its second reading. The discussion on the Homestead bill #as resumed. The amendment ex- tending the benefit of the act to foreigners hereafter arriving was rejected by a vote of thirteen to thirty- six. A change in the phraseology of the sixth eec- tion, so as to more positively exclade other th.n white persons from possessing land, was agreed to. An amendment providing that the bene- fits of the act shall not extend to the heir-, &ec., of aliens born out of this country, and of age, until they bave filed declarations to become citizens, was debated at great length, and adopted by a majority of one only. It was moved that na tive born persons of sixteen years of age and up- wards, who shall enter upon ani cultivate the lands, ebal! enjoy all the benefits of the act. This was adopted, and Young America has thus gained five years, which is something in these fast times. We wonder that some benevolent Senator doea not move that women be aliowed the same privileges as men in this matter. Other amendments weie offered and debuted. The following bills were parsed:—Making an appropriation of six hnndred thousand dollars to begin certain improvements ot the public buildings at the capital; grantiog land for railroads in Missouri, and in aid of the New Orleans and Mobile Ruilroad; for the posta! servi ip Cal fornia and Oregon and Washington Territo- ries; making Cairo, illinois, a port of delivery; also two private land claims in Louisiana, and a resolution to distribute the works of Thomas Joffer son. In the Honse the subject of a line of mail steam- ships between Brooklyn and the North of Europe ‘was revived by the introduction of « bill authoriz- ing the Postmaster General to contract with Chris tian Hanson, of Brooklyn, for the performance of that service. It was referred. The select commit- tee on mail steamships presented an elaborate re- post, made up of statistics of expenditures and re- ferences to laws, reports, &c., connected with the service, but make no recommendations. This looks aathough the investigation into the alleged frauds by contractors had failed. The Colt Patent exten- sion case was up in committee, but 1t was laidasid in consequence of the pecding investigation. ° Pre viously Mr. Thurston, the very particular friend of the patent extension, modestly moved that the do- bate on the subject shonld end in thirty minutes after it was taken up. Of course, the motion was defeated. Several other matters, of no particular interest, were acted on, for a knowledge of which we would refer tothe roport under the telograpnic bead. Our special despatch contains some interesting information regarding the position of Mr. Clingman with reepect to the Colt patent investigation; the reciprocity treaty with Canada; and a charge brought against « member of Congress of fraudua- lently altering the Appropriation bill. It is well wortby an attentive perusal. AFFAIRS IN CUBA. Our advices from Havana by the arrival of the steamer Isabel at Charleston are to the Sth {nst. ‘There is no political news of any importance. The body of the late Marqris Duchesne was taken to the cathedral charch for interment on tho evening of the 4th, amid great pomp and pageantry. The scenes and incidents of the funeral ceremonies will be found in the letters of our correspondents, pub- lished in another column. THE HEILBRONN PXTRADITION CASY. An interesting communication to Deputy Marshal ‘Thompeon, from Alex. Heilbronn, recently delivered the Bfitish authorities, will be foand in an otber part Of this day's Hanann. COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS. The rainstorm of yesterday somewhat interfered with operations. There was no change in the pro- duce markets justifying remark. AFFAIRS IN THR CITY. Agreat change has come over the atmosphere, “bringing us back from burning heat almost to the verge of winter. The thermometer was down yes- terday to sixty-one degrees—thirty degrees below the average of last week. It commenced raining on ‘Thoradey night, and kept it up pretty industrionsly yesterday. It was really yesterday quite cold, and evershoes and even overcoats were not waco ‘urt- able. This is strange weather. A fall report of the meeting of the citizens of the Fifth ward opposed to the cholera hospita! recently established therein, held laet evening, ie given in another part of to-day'’s parer. ‘The Board of Councilmen was in arssion ‘as ing, and a considerable amornt of rooti transacted. MISGHLLANROUR. ‘The New Hampshire Legislature will adjourn to day, The Governor has vetoed the resolution pr» viding for repairs on the State Ged Townley, a promi e & Albany, died after a short iliness, ia that cit, Tin Today. Mg. Imac Crampton, one of the excise commis eiomer@ Of Brooklyn, was tried on Tharstay, in the Kine ommaty Court of Sessions, on a charge of mis om fe oon tine Herneee to impenper o od ibe jury joturued & verdiot of guilty. Phis cacy row io no. Gbubhfalnt “sx to-\Wer' reedvcd. Mba) Aiea! “Sehesane ebviowsly of, wachasmaale ike twice tried before,a 4d in «a. fatkd t agneupo. aver ct. ON OUR INS DS PAGES May be found +n unusa! vare:y of iateresting Matter. Imadd'tion to th 91 Yo +a'ra!y alluded toare th letters o «ur core s oudents a: | aria, Warhingtop, Syracuse a @ Queb:e; Deb> of the United states; sauc of gold in Ca fnia; an amusing artice on Ton Pina; Lezal In-eli:. ence; Tbe Turf; Death of Howes, the Convic'; repart of the mivority of the Committee of the Gommoa Council on the extens ono” Al any stiee!; Thea- and Financial News; Advertisements, &., &. The New Northern Party. We give «lsew ere sev ral extricts from country jour_als respe tmz the progress of the movement to orgavize a great Northern party on the basis of a olition, free soilism, temper- ance, women’s rights and other kindred princi- ples. Conventions have already been held in Michigan and Vermont for the purpose of usb- ering it into existence in those States; and calls for similar conventions with the like o | ject, to he held in New York and Massachusetts, are published in thé guti-Nebraska journals, The promoters of the:agevement seem to have met with more diffic i anticipated. At the convention which’ held at Jackson, Michigan, the free soilers proper and democrats seem to have preponderated over the whigs and nominated a free soil democrat for Governor. This gave rise to much discontent among the whigs, and a large fraction of the party in- eluding several leading newspaper organs re- fuse their support to the ticket. Better success has attended the fusionists ia Vermont; where, as we learn by telegraph, the free soil whigs and democrats nominated a joint ticket which has been ratified by the temperance conventiou of that State. In Vermont, the abolition senti- ment has always been more powerful than party principles: it will not have cost whigs or democrats much to forget their mutual rival- ries, and coalesce on the same platform. We have yet to see what will be the upshot of the Massachusetts and New York conventions. The organs of the movement in the former State anticipate an imposing whig rally; and as the whigs constitute a large majority in Massachusetts, it has not been deemed requisite to extend the invitation to the democracy. The free soil wing thereof will doubtless, however, join the new party ehould it be duly organized. In New York, the fusion is proposed by leaders of hoth parties. Among the committee we fiad the editor of the excommunicate organ of the free soil democracy, several prominent free soil whigs and a stray waif or two from the wreck of the Albany regeney. Opposition to the Ne- bra:ka bill is the nominal basis on which it is proposed to rest the new organization: but,it is clear that the new platfarm would be incom- plete without the cardinal planks of temperaace and women’s rights, We shall speak with more certainty a month hence: but as prospects are at present shaped, it seems tolerably certain that the Saratoga and Bostoa conventions wilt continue the work commenced at Jackson and Montpelicr, and set fairly on its legs a new Northern party organised on a hasis of opposi- tion to slavery, advocacy of the Maine law, and the assertion of the rights of women. We say that the promoters of this movement have not met with the success they anticipated. In the first place the whigs have not flocked around their banners as generally as was hoped Symptoms of disaffection have been manifested in manyyariers. The conservative whigs of New York are decidedly opposed to the buria! of the old whig party, and think it will do good service for many a year to come. The same class at Boston cannot admit that the ties between Northern and Southern whigs have been severed: and obviously counts upon co-operating, in the future asin the past, with the whigs of Georgia and Kentucky. Nor have the whigs of Michi- gan given avything like a cordial adhesion to the movement organized by some of their leaders. Vermont, being above all things anti- avery at heart, had no scruples about throw- ing itself into the arms of the new faction; but other States are more reluctant to encourage a purely sectional organization. However bitter- ly opposed to the Nebraska bill, the bulk of the Northern whigs look with even more aversion on Theodore Parker and Garrison than on Donglas; and until the anti-Nebraska party has purified itself from the suspicion of being noth- ing more than an abolition party in disguise, they willstand aloof from its conciliabules, aad hold themselves free to oppose its nomina- tions. With there little drawbacks to their prosp- rity the new faction is progressing vigorously. Their aim and their hope are that they will be enabled to organize in 1856 a party that will command the entire Northera vote, and place William H. Seward in the Presidential chair, To ensure success, they will obviously require the assistance of the whole {ree soil democracy; and hence they will in all probability repuii- ate anything in the shape of pure whig doctrine, and restrict the articles of their faith to such as democrats and whigs can consistently subscribe. In the present friendless condition of the free soil demceraey, it will be an easy task to purchase ibeir alliance ; spuraed alike yy Tammany Hall and Stuyvesant Institnte, they will gladly embrace the shelter of- fered by the whigs, and like many a poor girl in the like case, will cheerfully marry for a home. Temperance support is likewise essential to the success of the n-w faction; and we shall accordingly see tbe Maine law included in its creed. This has al- ready been done in Vermont; when the party is strong enough to be able to afford the loss of the free soil liquor dealers in New York and Massachusetts, the example will be followed in those States as well. Nor can women’s rights be omitted. The adoption of the principles as serted by the women’s rights conventions will alienate but few from the cans:, but will rally around it all the strong-minded women in the country, and not a few weak-minded men with votes, It was for some time a question whether Know Nothingism would not be added to the platform, as a sapernumerary plank; but Mr. Seward has made up his mind that it cannot last till 1855, and that it will be cheaper in the fong ran to abandon the notives thin the Irish and Germans, His late speech on the home- stead bill doubtless contains the faith of the new party on this head. Such is the basis, and sach the condition, of the party whieh proposes to control the next ‘residential election, and to make an anti- slay agitator the Chief Magistrate of the ro public. Owr readers can see as well as we do what opposition it is likely to encounter. Ip the North both wings of the democracy are agnnet it, and the conservative whigs will p some sort of fight to maintain their party wets nai With the exteptinn of ane ay tea p esident*al aspirants Like Boll aud Mouson— 4 parsed prohaoning any one holding ottccina| let the boty be rubbed with spirits | North Caroline, titi Re A LS, Jess elements for a rubstanticl resistance. But | time, the L gislatare = ould m) ose upon yn | Every person should be possessed of a sufficient what are t!e chances of their coalition? There public companies « u iform an! stringer, goge isno talk as yet of a union between the Union of regulation: tor the issue an: trans p of their { whigs and the Union democrats .f the North. Some few Sou‘Mern ournals have speculated in @ vague geiv ral way on the necessity of throw- ing over gard present party distinctions, and organizing a grand Union party on their ruins, But nothing practical has been done to attain | this end. The foes of the Union are the first in trical Notices; List of New Puieat; Commercial | the field. They are active, energetic ond de- tormined; in spite of -bstacles, they will as- suredly make a formidable show when the time comes. With this prospect, does it befit Uaion men to content themselves with the part of simple spectators of their proceedings? We | think not. The sooner actual steps are taken to | defeat the schemes of these treasonable agita- tors, and to guard the Usion against the perils they threaten, the betier for us all, The South | should take the lead. The Wall Street Prands, “Quond on erie voleur,” says the French proverb, “ tout le mond> se sauve.” The adage, although Bohemian in its origin, bids fair to he strictly applicalle to the financial circles of oureity. When the members of railway boards and banking firms stcop to the commission of offences which differ in nothing but their enor mity from the vulgar crimes that fill our jails and penitentiaries, it is time for us to scrutinize jealously the company into which we happen to fall. Wall street is so rapidly acquiring the infamous notoriety that formerly marked on‘ as infected localities the Cour de Miracles aud Little Britian, that it will soon be dangerous for sn honest man even to stray accidentally into it. If he does not lose his money there he is almost certain to lose his reputation, for, as the proverb above quoted says, ‘When the cry of thief is raised, every body takes to bis heels.” Tf things go on at this rate we shall becom: disciples of Diogenes, and seek for honesty in those dreary abodes of misery and reputed vice which have hitherto afforded such fruitful themes to puling moraliste and tract distribr & ing old maids. Talk of the Five Points, Water street, and the Hook! Why they sink into § significance beside the hugher rascality and. § pravity of Wall street. Perhaps the exact d nition of the moral difference that exists between them, is that the inhabitants of the former steal a loaf to keep body and soul together, whiist that of the latter unscrupulously plunder a whole community—the superanuated citizen, the friendless widow, and the unprotectod orphan—to gratify their luxurious tastes, or. perbaps, their vicious appetites. In the measure of moral guilt there can be no compari-on between the gigantic frauds of the Wall street brigand and the petty larceny exploits of the ehirtless, shoeless and vagabond denizen of the Five Points. And therefore it is, we presum, that the justice of man allows the greater criminal to go unpunished, whilst the compara- tively venial offences of the starving wretch, who is, perhaps, more sinned against than sin- ing, are visited with all the discriminating severity of an impartial code. And what a comfortable and edifying reflec- tion it is for those who have been all their lives strnggling, by dint of untiring industry, to raise themselves to the level of what, in New York, is called aristocratic society, but whic is in reality nothing more than vulgar and purse-proud ostentation, to find their illusions at once dispelled by such astounding facts as are daily transpiring in the financial world! How agreeable for the well-meaning but »m- bitious class of small minds, of which the Potiphars are such excellent types, to find that their gods are, after all, only made oi clay, and that the fruits of their toadyism have turned to ashes! What a shock it must be to the moral sense of such people io discover that they have been wor- shipping at the shrines of imposture and licking the dust at the feet of idols that tarn out to be nothing but cheats! Even the blunt percep tions of Mrs. Potiphar must feel revolted at having heen associated with hospitalities, the expenses of which have been defrayed by whole- sale peculation, and which have been brought t) an mnexpected and disgraceful close by 2 yivit from the Chief of Police. There is nnfortunately no exaggeration in this picture. We found the satire ready drawn to our hands, and we but point to the further illustrations it is daily reeeiving. Au occasion- al deviation in the upper ranks of life from the paths of honesty and rectitude, proves only the defects of individual training; but their frequent and unblnshing repetition in quarters where the pressure of want affords no palliation for the offence, argues a corrupt and demoralized state of society generally. It has not been ovr “fault that the causes which have brought about this relaxation in public morals have not been longago arrested. We have neglected no op- portunity of calling attention to the calamitous efiects that must follow from the taste of ex- travagant expenditure in all the luxuries and ostentatious vanities of fife, which for the last ten or fifteen years has been hurrying the commercial classes o” our city inio extremes that are not even to be witnessed in European communities. We have shown that no condition of trade, however flourishing, could long support this tendency, and that, consequently, startling cases of indi- vidual dishonesty, and eventually something \ stock, which would render such *rgnds as those | that have t k n pluce on the, Harlem and New Haven lines of rare, if sot impossible, occur- rence. We bei-ve taat it would not b: difi- cult fo* t'e companies tems Ives to devise sucb regulations; but it is hopeless to expect that in the pro able state of i-order in which most of those concerns at present fled them- selves, they will make the first move in the matter, A general revision, by the Legisla- ture, of the laws regulating joint «tock compa- nies, is the only measure that seems to us likely to prove effective. We trust that it will not hesitate to apply the rewedy—the necessity fur it has been abundantly demonstrated. The Chole1a-Its History and Progress. We frequently attach too mach importance to hidden things, merely because tiey are hid lea Since the Divine cummand—“Let light be,” that most powerful of ageuts has proved, by bripging things from darkness into light, bow ridiculous it is for reasonable, intelligent mea to rely upon the opinions of tavir fathers, in- stead of calmly investigating mutters for them- selves, The history and progress of what is called Asiatic cholera afford a striking ex- ample of the truth of these premises. The first distinct data that we bave in refe- rence to cholera, is that, in the year 1781, it at- tacked a body of troops at Gunjam, a coast- town 535 miles northeast of Madras, which latter place it reached during the next year. In the year 1783, it attacked many of the na- tive inhabitants of India, and twenty thousand deaths occurred. It then dis- appeared; but in 1817 it again appeared, and fairly earnedits mame as a terrible epidemic disease. In Jessore, (India,) ten thousand deaths in a population of sixty thousand took place. From India it was supposed to have been conveyed by ships to Mauritius, the Dutch East Indies and China. In 1821 it had reached the Persian Gulf ; and, continuing its western progress, we find it ou the bank: of the Tigris—thence into Caucasia; and, finally, on the Lith of September, 1830, it reached Moscow. Taking the course of the great rivers, the Don and the Volga, the disease rapidly extended iteelf over Russia. In January, 1852, the cholera appeared at Edinburg, on the 14th of February at London, and in Mares at Dublin. Calais and Paris were also attacked in March. The ninth day of June, 1832, will ever be remembered as the period when this scourge appeared on the *American conti- nent. It appeared at Quebec, where it was also very severe in 1849. The first case in New York occurred on the 27th June of the same year, and the disease disappeared in Octo- ber. Jt is estimated that in the fourteen years, from 18]7 to 1831, the disease carried off eighteen millions of the inhabitants of Hindos- tan. The number of cases in England and Wales in 1831-’2, was 63,236; deaths, 20,726. In Scotland, 20,202 were attacked, of whom 10,650 died. In Ireland there were 54,552 at- tacks, and 21,171 deaths. In the city of Loa- don there were 11,020 cases, and 5,275 deaths. The disease visited Spain und Italy in 1825-"6, and finally disappeared from Eurepe io 1837-8. The appearance of the cholera in the United States created a great panic, and probably many persons died from fear. In Quebec, Mont- real, New York, Philadedphia, Baltimore, Albany, Norfolk and Rochsster, there were about fifteen thousand deaths during three months. It will be seen by the above that it is com- paratively easy to aecertain the origia and progres of the cholera of 1832. The epidemic of 1848~’9, is not so clearly traced. It is alleged that it made its appearance at Cabul in 1845, and pursuing almost the same course as in 1832, it reached Moscow in December, 1847. In May, 1848, it reached Constantinople, and spread throughout the Danubian provinces. The cholera appeared at London and Hull in September, 1848. It disappeared in December, aud the whole number of deaths in the United Kingdcm was 72,180. It is estimated that the espence of funerals exceeded five hundred thousand pounds sterling, and the cost of the | disease altogether was about two millions f£ pounds. The only large city exempted from the cholera was Birmingham, where not a sin- gle case occurred, although half the inhabi- tants of a mall town in the vicinity were swept off. In New York the cholera appeared in Ma. > 1849 ; culminated in the week ending July 21, when there were #14 deaths; and disappeared in November. The whole number of deaths was 5,072. In some of the Western cities it was much more severe. The cholera at present has not rizen to the dignity of an epidemic, and the calendar of 1854 will bear no comparison with those of 1852 and 1819 It first appeared during the winter of 1853-’4, at Sunderland, Eag- land. It is a remarkable fact that the cholera of 1832 appeared at the same place. The first case in New York was reported early in June; but there haye not been a enflicient number of deaths since to excite any thiag like a panic. The cholera is now raging at Chicago and Montreal with great violence. It has reached St. Louis also, and will probably go down the river to New Orleans. By accounts like general bankruptcy, must inevitably bo the | published in another part of this paper, it will results, We have seen how alarmingly this be seen that the disease is making terrible ra- prediction has been partially verified within the | vages at Jamaica and Barbadoes. last three weeks. Disclosure after disclosure of The above is but a slight sketch of the rise gigantic frauds, committed by persons standing | and progresé of this terrible scourge ; but since high in the-estimation of the community, follow its first appearance the attention of learaed each other in rapid succession, and public confi- | men has been directed to the phenomena dence is already shaken to its contre, Every accompanying it. They have robbed it of man now views his neighbor with suspicion, and | half its terrors by demonstrating the fact character and standing are no longer decmed | that it may be cured if remedies are ap- guarantees for commercial honesty. It is, ia | plied in its early stages. One example will fact, those who have been supposed to abound | suffice to prove the truth of this state- most in grace that have soonest fullen into the | ment. In 1832 the town of Bilston, Eagland, snares of the tempter, In such a state of things it is vain to seek for was ravaged by the cholera. One-third of the inhabitants were attacked in less than seven aremedy in any further appeals to the good | weeks, and one-third of the number attacked sense and correct feeling of the clacses who are running this headlong race of extravagance and | was sent down by government. profligate expenditure, died. Dr. M’Cann, a distinguished physician, He opened a We fear that many | dispensary, and requested every person whose more examples, such as we recorded yesterday | bowels were in the slightest degree disorderod and last week, must confirm th» warnings we | tocome to him. They did so, and he gave to have so frequently given them, before they are | each an astringent aromatic opiate modicine. recalled to a sense of the dangers to which | Simple idea, was it not? they expose themselves. In the meanwhile, the Legislature has a duty to discharge, It stopped the dis- ease, as these figures will chow. In the five days preceding the opening of the dispensary, which may contribute in some slight degree to | 227 persons died; in the five days following, limit the extent to which the pablic have been made sufferers by these frauds, As the thirst for gambling on. the stock exchange, like the thirst for intemperance, canuot be repressed ty anyidireet enantment. an act oneht to be 134 died; in the next five, 59, and on the eigh- teenth day not one fatal case was reported. We cannot impress this point too strongly upon our readers. Check any appearance of Morrhena. and, if aceompeniod with eramo-. amount of common senee to be able to distia- guish what is proper to eat and drink at this season. Violent changes of diet are always hurtful, and many persons in ’32 and °49 were made confirmed drunkards by taking a “little brandy,” as @ preventive. Now, we do not implicitly believe in brandy as a preventive— as a curative we scout it altogether, as it in- creases the inflammation; and whatever advap- tages might flow from its astringent qualities, is overbalanced by this fact. We do not intend to go into an argument upon the vexed question as to whether or not cholera is an infectious or contagious disease. It seems to us, however, that it las been proved that it is neither contagious nor infections. Quarantines cannot keep it out of a country, as bas been shown in Russia and Egypt. Thousands of people went from New York to Newport in 1849, and there never has been a case of cholera at the latter place. Ten thousand persons went from Mar- seilles to Lyons whea the cholera was raging at the former place, avd Lyons still enjoyed immupity from the scourge. The burden of proof goes to show that there is no necessity for cholera hospitals, or for the removal of a patient from home. It would be barbarity so to do, with the light we have now on the sub- ject. The causes of cholera, and the meaus wher -- by it may be checked or entirely prevented, are subjects which open a wide field for discu:- sion. For the first, the best theory is ‘that cholera is caused by an intensely poisonous gas emitted under certain conditions of heat and moisture, from decaying mineral and vege- table matter. This gas does not diffuse readi- ly, but is borne in currents until it meets with conditions favorable to its developement ; that is, it travels until it arrives at some locality which is cursed with a dirty, careless popula- tion, who have been engaged in actively pre- paring themselves to meet such a guest. The poison is then received into the lungs, acts at once on the blood, and then we have cholera symptoms. How to prevent it? We have great faith in water, and were the citi- zens of New York all Mahometans for a month or so, and followed strictly the regulations of the Prophet so far as ablution goer, we should have but little need of cholera hospitals, Let us have plenty of water every- where, and let every one be careful to avoid all kinds of excess—then there’s no danger. At any rate the disease is stripped of more than half its terrors by the knowledge of the facts that it is not contagious, and that it can be cured if the proper remedies are taken in time. As matters stand now, itis as absurd for any one torefrain from visiting this city on account of cholera, as it would be for a citizen to run away through fear of it. We have had but a very few cases of pure Asiatic or asphyxia cholera thus far, and with proper care it cam be altogether extinguished in a few weeks. Snortcomnes aNp Derects oF THE Post Ovrice.—This two millions deficit is betraying Mr. Campbell into serious errors, His attempts at retrenchment are ruinous to the department The number of clerks employed under the old régime was too smail for eiliciency, and threw an unfair proportion of work on each. It was notorious that post office employés were the worst paid and hardest worked clerks in the city. In the face of this, Mr. Campbell is re- ducing ther salaries aad their aumber. With the first, we bave but little quarrel ; for, though good men will always command a fair price, it is well that place hunting be discouraged, and $400 a year is dear for some of the men who do dirty work at clections in the hopes of a berth in the custom house or post office. But the retrenchment in the number of clerks in the post office is most ill-advised. The work having increased, while the force which has to do it has diminished, it follows as @ necessary consequence that what is done is done more hastily and more carelessly than be- fore. Hence, a fruitful source of delays, and errors of a most vexatious description. We are ourselves daily sufferers by the increase of blunders. Angry subscribers from the country constantly complain of delays in the receipt of their paper ; we find it is regularly mailed, io ' proper time; but after close inquiry, it turns out that the bundle is erroneously sent to the wrong distribution office. This is an everyday occurrence, and we are doubtless only one out of many victims of the reform which Mr. Camp- bell is trying to effect. In point of fact, he has set about the busi- ness at the wrong end. A deficit of ten mil- lions instead of two would be better eco- nomy in the long run than an ill served, mismanaged post oifice. Better tax the peo- ple in dollars than delays. Rather increase the number of clerks than diminish them, whatever they cost; but let us have our papers and letters in due course. A news- Paper which, mailed at New York for Buffato, finds its way there via Boston, is dear at any price. If retrenchment be imperative—a fact the public will not readily believe, with the Gadsden treaty staring us in the face, and ceven millions of dollars going a beg- ging in Wall street—let it fall on railroads and not on the post offices in large cities The public interest does not require that the State shall pay Mr. A. or Mr. B. hundreds of thousands of dollars in the shape of postal sub. vention, by way of encouraging railroad enterprise ; or if it does, it were honester to call it by its right name, and enter the transaction in the treasury account as fol- lows:— Paid to A for carrying the mails from —to —.. $30,000 Paid to A., a8 @ bonus for hia pluck and enter. prise in @ railroad which can’t pay Let Mr. Campbell transfer this latter item to the proper department, and the two million de- ficit in his accounts will soon disappear. Let him likewise charge Congress with the postage on letters and documents franked by members, and be might be agreeably disappointed by the appearance of a surplus. But our city post offices must have their full complement of clerks, or the department will be deserted alto- gether for the telegraph and expresses. Coroner's Inquest. Svrems.—Coroner Hilton yesterday held an inquest upon the body of Wililiam Armstrong, @ oative of Ire- land, thirty-two yerrs of age, who commitied suicide on Thursday night, at 346 Fietavenne, by'taking lkudanom. In consequence of his intemperate habits he lost his Dbutsiness, and in consequence became desponding. A verdict was returned of ‘Death by suicide, by taking laudanum.”” the President, Pa yey oy A poet oh the Senate. Beary E. Wood, of New Hampshtre, to be Consul of | iter Btaton Yor the port of Belrat, ia Syria, | rating, viee whole public company from bo din - shares, either in | W’gere theloo-eness becomes serious, lose no n tance the ‘ry South tos man will oppose it. Here are doaht- | his own name or th se fothers, At the same , time in obtaining the advice of a physictan. | Italvan Oprra—Castle Garden. The shies were unpropitions, the night unseasonably inclement and threstening, and, consequently, the am- plo of Castle Garden last nigh: were bat thinly occupied. But though limited in namber, the audience being almost unanimously lovers and oompe- tent judges of music, (as we should imagine from a glence over the house ) it would not have answered to pass through the evening’s libretto merely as @ matter: of form, The singers were evidently aware of this, for their rendering of “Marin de Rohan’ was, in its spirit and enthusissm, wofhy of a house of two thousand. The closing act was particularly spirited, graphic and well putin. Graziani, Bertucca and Beraldi were called out at the fall of the curtain with genulue heartiness. In fact, the vigcr, the activity, the soundness and discre- tion with which Graziaoi did the part of the Dake, would. have sufficed tor a moonlight evening and his own bene- fit, ‘La Somnambala” is appointed for this evening, & familiar favorite with our musical circles, which never: fuils to draw. Freneh Vaudeville at Niblo’s, Rosier’s lively vandeville, entitled “Bratus iuche Cesar,’ was performed last evening at Niblo’s by the French comedy troupe. The audience was thin, the weatber being unfavorable, but there were a sufticient: number of persons présent to warrant the supposition that in fine weatber the Fr.nch actors would draw large. houses. They certainly deserve encouragement We have seldom seen a comic actor of more ability, in the peculiar Freneb line, than M. Meunie, In Scribe’s reper- toire, which includes so many popular pieces, he must. de admirable. As Citoyen Mornam, last evening, he kept, the whole house intensely interes ‘ed with the play, and frequently provoked bursts of merriment auch as Niblo’a seldom hears, Mme. Meunie is Hkewise a performer of considerable merit, Both are very fair representatives of the French vaudeville school of actors, and should be heard by all lovers of the stage. The introduction of Frensh comedy ought to pro: lucky hit for Nivlo’s. The Young Mea’s 0 mocrage Union Club, A meeting of this club was beld last night a: theirrooms, No. 765 Broadway, there being presen @ very good number of the members. John Coch rap occupied the chair. After the usual preliminary: proceedings, Mr. J. Wallace Gowen offered the fol lowing resolutio1 Whereas, This at iation bas always held and enun- ciated, as a principls of action, the duty of all lf elect- ed or Seo 4 seroahiness or exgentsetions to confine themrclves strictly to the purposes for which they may have been constituted. aston * Whereas, but a short time since, a senso of the import- ‘ance of the vindication of this Prisciple competied us to} {peo ac'ion, ana to characterize by severe terms @ unautborised and di ising assump ions of the| Bultiug Committee from ‘Old Tammany,” the unhap influence of whose intemperate folly has more than j fied our course. And— Whereas, We have seen with astonishment the ‘“De- mocratic Republican General Committee” of this city—| ® body sheltered by the time honored roof treo of the| “old wigwam,’? warmed by its council fires, and profes-| sing on vnboundeo loyalty to all the principles ueages of the democratic party—imitating an exam; full of danger to the party, and which they have hit been neither delicate nor backward to condemn in others.| MiReselved, That individual solved, individual predilections for, or ju. dices againat,candidates for office, ars properly poke! in hatte Midas their ap) ions, and frequently have their legitimate ce even beyon the point of suecess or defeat; but when an issue of prin. ciple is tought to be made upon the int nent off Se gr ea, those im plicoted are ity of tre the democratic creed, of fuctiousness in the democrat ic party and of wanton defiance of the councils and action} of a democratic President, a democratic cabinet and democratic senate We consider the preamble and reso Jutionr adopted by the General Committee at Tamm: Hall, on the 11th inet.. a8 unwarranted by the occasion abouncirg im arrogance, and all UAETS the limits of its delegated powers, and we canaot but d plore and condemn, as inconsiderate and unjustif the resclution which converts, what can be, at th Worst, but an error of judgment in the seiection of : officer, into cause for censure of the Presivent and administration, And further Realved, That we seo, in the and spirit of the resolution which atiucks the aj tment of th Hon. John McKeon to the office of District Attorney fo the outhern district of Now York, the same nbandon, ment of the principles of the glorious sign of 1 which originated the ‘Stuyvesant Commi itiee,”? the fale issues upon which they before tne pe and re-divided a party upon whose union and prosperit the foe and welfa:e of this Republic dopend. B eving, however, that animosities against the a te precipitated an act which iriendship, entertained in com| mon with us. for au unsuccessful candidate would no alope have promptes, we al t> the un joned judgment of the conn & recision of the reautal on, the continuan r must breedglissentiog ard bubject to distrast ihe yatriotism and justice of i abettors, Upon these resolutions sprang up an animated debate, which resulted in their adoption, by a vote of 24in favor and 5 against. The meeting the: djourned, Marine Affairs. Quick Paseack —The Now York clipper ship N. B. P. mer, Capt. Lowe, arrived here yesterday from Honolula in the short spaco of ecighty-two days. This is the time made by the Sovereign of the Seas in May, 16 and which was confiicrei the shortest passage made, The Palmer was 37 days from Honolula to Ca Horn, 56 to the line, ani 65 to the lat. of 25 N., at which her passage was retarced by continual calms light winds. The Palmer was built by Messrs. We Lavycu.—The packet ship City of New York, to fo one of D, and A. Kingsland & Sutton’s Liverpool will be launched from Mr. Patterson’s yard, Willi: burg, at2 P.M. to-day. She is a fine ship of 1,300 to of asuperior model and extra fastened, having heavy, bilge logs and side staunchions. She will be commande| by Capt. J. G. Moses, who is well known in the Liverpod trade. SUFFERING AND DRaTH AT SA —The British bark tic, Capt. Wilson, which got ashore near Char! sailed from Matenzas on the 26th ult. for Cork. after leaving she sprurg aleak, and abou: the sam time the vomit broke out among the crew. Two the crew soon died from the effects of the terrible d ease, and were buried at eva. it utterly impo sible to keep the vessel afloat—two of the cre: being im a dying condition, and the remainder porfect]] exhausted—the captain was forced to run her ashore Pomley’s Island beach. When this it was solved upon, the bark had seven fect of water in hold, ano was on the very ve: of si Those the men who were not aileered Sith the venti were pletely worn down by having been so long imps in order to save their lives. and at last . where sh work at the Aquatic was of St. Joho, New B, uns’ counts was proceeding in tow to was ¢xpected to srrive on the 12th inst. fe bh na and “ge unity to escape. that About contained pieces of the ship’s timbers. H his wildness and ferocity, Teingreery, mock ken jolded eoventy or oigh any or neutral powers du: the presont hostilitics in & a ‘iil, ‘potrihaten each prre! sn, o ‘rene! it eee y govornment x« st! e 4 : m el j Hi i ; rr ily F K die fi it be i i é id F ny 4 a5 z I : : i ie : i i fi ih baok biMs, burnt up i included in the insuranoe, The "Py part of the house wns occupied by the family, and we children, who hed rvtired 0 ; : Fosenar or Low Javeuu —Atan early bear yest dey merning a cE bum ‘er of the friends of thy dec» assembled at his Inte resi lence in Houston airasi, t» [| jow him to hie final Testing pines, ‘The funeral sorvic wore directed by Rev. Dr. Verren, of the Front KE copal chnrch im Franklin street, ‘The rem: ics were ¢. veyed to Greonwood, attendes by the Rayei family the Union Francaise Lodg» of Free and Aecepte Mas Mas MirwG.—A German named Rash, Torty-sty voars, left home on the morninan! the F: Wie Ciel, pl” | Soak Se tnd Sa Sts ST