The New York Herald Newspaper, June 18, 1854, Page 2

Mountains and Part of Geology of ber 8 Coast - THER RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE AND MINING. Dr. John B. Trask has concluded and submitted the report of his geological examination of some p of the Sierra Nevada and coast mountains, authorized under a joint resolution passed 6th May, 1858, by the Senate and Assembly of the State of Califernia. The report is printed in pamphlet form, and covers some ninety pages which will hot be uninteresting to our readers. ‘We commence with some preliminary descriptions:— The examinations authorized were entered upon soon after the passage of the resolution, and con- tinued until the 25th of November, comprising a riod in the field of about six months. The first bk weeks were occupied in examinations of the more elevated and western portions of the covn- ties of Butte, Sierra, Yuba, Nevada and Placer, in determining, a8 far as possible, the position of an ancient water course in this section of the State, and its peculiarities—the description of which will be found in the body of this report. On the 23d June, the southern portion of the tour was commenced, and carried on almost unin- terruptedly for four months. The route south was carried through the counties of San Francisco, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Monterey, and the north part of Luis Obispo; on the west, and returning on the east, (or through that range denominated the Monte Diablo Range) by the west part of Ta- lare County, Mariposa, Tuolumne, Alameda, Con- $ra_Costa and San Joaquin. The range of country bounded on the north by the Straits Carquinez, and south by the Nacismiento, ‘was divided into tour sections, formed by lines ran- ning nearly east and west from the great valley to the coast. On the first of October, the country north of the Straits Carquinez was entered, and preliminary examinafions only were made in the counties of Solano, Napa and Sonoma. From the county of Napa a section was carried across the ‘pasin‘of the Sacramento, and connected with ex- piace a made two years previous on its eastern d A similar section was also made, passing | ighteen miles south of Monte Diablo,and continued ross the Sau Joaquin. whe remainder of the months of October and No- Yember was employed in investigations of the middle ining sections of the county of Nevada, and those termediate between the former and the and western parts of Calaveras county. This rang leads through that section in which the principal dle ze a bed of leaves, having a inches, upon a tertiary sandstone containing marine shells, and covered with twelve feet of a sandy alluvian. This is one of those coal beds which has figured so largely in the pati its of the State during the past year, and Induced se- veral gentlemen to pay the locality a visit, and to return as deeply disappointed as their previous an- ticipations were elevated. e report of coal veins in the Coast mountains must be received with many grains of allowance, and at the best none but tertiary deposits will be found, and thege, even should they exist, would be capable of supplying but a limited demand, and that usually of an inferior quality. SOILS OF THE VALLEY SANTA CLARA AND SHORES OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY. * * * * * * The soils on the Bay San Francisco differ much on its eastern and western sides; both borders of the bay present the tertiary series, but both do not present the trapean rocks to the same degree of de- velopement; this, then, of course, will cause a dis- tinctive and marked difference in the productive ca- pabilities of either shore. It will be found that in all the soils which have been derived in whole, or in rt, from rocks more recent than the tertiary froup: hat e Boe extensive by varied ar a on A icultural purposes w! present; oon Sailifest in those sections where the tertiaries, containing organic remains, enter some- what largely into the components of thé soil pro- duced from such sources, | Under a proper course of treatment these lands will be nate available for the purposes of the agri- culturist, and our already large domain of aral lands thus much increased. e situation of these lands in the interior is such that ret may be easily reclaimed should they ever fall within the jurisdic- tion of the State, which undoubtedly they will un- der the law regulating ‘ saline lands.” In the coun- ties of San Francisco, Santa Clara, and Alameda, the wet land thag may be inade available by drain- | age is about sev@nty square miles, exclusive of the “saline lands” at the southern part of the county of Santa Clara. Most of the valley sections of this range of coun- try is arable land, and that which is not can easily be made so when required; the agents for bringing this about being found in the adjoining hills to the east. The character of the soil and climate adapts gold mines of the middle portions of the tate are located, and was selected, with the view of conduct- ing those examinations which will be found in the | appendix of this report, underthe head of Quartz | Mining. As those mines have of late pre- | sented many interesting facts connected with | their ultimat prospects, a set of sketches, | representing the positions of the views and invest- | ing rocks, bas been given for illustrating their pres- | ent features. i | During the tour in the agricultural sections of the State, the modifications of the soil in different sec- tions has been noted, and the natural productions | arising as resultants, where they seemed of a general | character, and extending over any considerable area. The “Saline lands” have been observed, and | the opportunities that were offered for their reclama- tion, when at any time demanded. The extent of cropping and resultant crops in some parts of the State are of peculiar interest, and the facts develop- ed in this particular will prove of much value to our agricultural interests, being an exhibition of the capabilities of some of our soils for the production of the necessaries of life, unexcelled in the history of the world. The temperature of the mountainous and valley sections of both branches of the coast mountaii was noted as far as the nature of attending ci cumstances would perinit, for the purpose of as- certaining as far as possible the peculiar adapta- tion of the different sections to the culture of exot- dc fruits and trees, and where no oppreanty of personal examination offered, a careful inquiry of persons long resident in different sections was made, by which many interesting facts have been obtained relating to this subject. | it to all the productions of temperate climates, an where local position modifies the climate of any sec- d | west of the town to near the sea. The average it ise wet and | heavy, and withal somewhat saline, on the higher parts dry and gravelly. The entire district appears much better ited to than to agri culture, unless water | through artesian borings, and from the appearance | of the valley there is but little question that an abundant Ce iy wages oy from these sources. The altitude of the valley is four hundred and | thirty feet above the sea; and derives the principal | portion of its supplies of water from the slopes | connecting with Monte Diablo. On the south and southwest sides, among the conside: ' maeses of the metamorphic rocks are to be seen, | and the a) ce of quartz veins is more frequent | inthis vicinity than in any other section of these mountains that were observed. gins | MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE MOUNTAINS. | The minerals of these mountains are widely dis- persed throughout their entire extent; they consist principally of copper, 5 , silver, gold, mickel, and antimony, with agates, calcedone, and many others, too numerous to mention here. Sitver.—In the county of M this metal occurs in the form of argentiferous » (or lead and silver), and this mineral is found in the primi- tive and transition limestone abounding in this sec- tion; it is found in small veins and disseminated; Een ag ay decir eeprom mre lan Ahe on the south, a ce oftwelve miles inclusive. Jxon.—This metal is found in almost every varicty* of form, from one end of the coast mountains to the other; the prevailing mineral, however, is the perox- ide and protoxide ef this metal; the iatter is often fourd in the form of hydrate, and when occurring in poles to necponese rocks, often found to be more or Jess auriferous. This mineral is largely de- etloped in some parta of the auriferous district of Mariposa county, and from one of the most valuable receptacles of gold among the gold-bearing rocks of that section. ‘ SutPuare oF Iron.—This article, known in com- merce under the name of ‘“copperas,” is found native in large quantities near the town of Santa Cruz. Its rinciple had occurred a short distance west of the Route of Mr. Medor, in a gulch running from the mountains through the low hills to the coast. I fol- lowed the course of the ravine from where it enters the high hill near the crossing of the road north- depth of its banks varies from fifteen to thirty feet, tion, it is found capable of producing plants of the | tropical latitudes. | The extreme south-eastern pa of this valley would be adapied tothe growth of foreign fruits | and other Seas but it must be beyond the in- | fluence of the cold sea-wind that pasces inland across the range of lower hills which divide the Sa- | linas, Pajaro, and Santa Clara valleys, the effect of | which would be to blight the fruit, though the plant | or tree might continue to thrive. | The low bills that flank the east side of the valley | | contain all the clements required for the cultnre of | tropical plants and fraits; the climate and soil will | found adapted,-and the only agent that appears in the least to be wanting is water sufficient to sup- ply the demands of those plants. From the appear- ance of small lagoons and rivulets at different ele- | yations it is presumable that a sufficient quantity of | nee may be found a short distance below the | surface. Asa general rule the mountains lying upon the east border of the valley Santa Clara are covered with a soil superior to that of the plains, and of much greater depth. I have measured the depths of these soils in many places, and where it is well | developed have fornd it varying from four to eleveh feet for miles continuous; its extreme fertility pro- duces heavy crops of the native grains and genes, which annually contribute to its increase by their decomposition. : Although these lands are situated within the reach | of the sea breeze from the Bay of San Francisco, | they are protected from its cold by the slope of the hills and the modifications of its temperature ac- i | wide distribution leads to the belie! = length from the hill to the coast being about two les. Magnetic Tron.—At the distance of two miles | northwest of the above locality, an extensive bed | of magnetic iron occurs, running down to the coast, | at which point it crops out and exhibits a depth of | | several feet. Gyrsum.—Sulphate of lime is reported to abound | in the northern part of Santa Cruz, and in the vicinity of the Palo de los Yeska, some six miles from the mission. 1 was frequently spoken of by the inhabitants of this place, but 1 was unable to | learn its precise locality. Bisbee a anes is also reported to exist in this lo- cality. ‘Nike. —The ores of this metal are found from Contra Costa on the north, to the utmost southern limit reached in the Coast Mougtains. It occurs in the primitive rocks, associated with chronic iron in almost every case where the latter may be obtained. It appears asa bright green mineral on the frac- | tured surface of the other ores, and is known in | technical language as ‘‘nicked green.” The scarcity of this metal renders the discovery of its ores in | this country an object of some importance, and its | that it exists in sufficient quantities to warrant investment for its extraction from other ores, at no distant day. It is extensively used in the manutacture of German silver for wares and household utensils. Go.p.—This metal has been found in the Coast Mountains, from the County San Francisco on the north to Luis Obispo on the south. The slates and serpentine formations which have been noticed pre- elucidated the (ipa clearly that the two mining interests of this State Sane aL cases, and prove al vant 3 ; therefore su; d whether some method more congenial to interest may not be adopted, that will favor the ocer -y and improvement of the metallic veins of this State, giving at the same time the widest scope and protection to all at present en- gaged, and those who may wish here: to enter, upon those pursuits. * * * * * * The mines of this State are of a character and value which, if placed in a proper position, will in- vite investment from abroad to an amount little less than twenty millions of dollars within the next eight years. This presumption is founded on the fact that more than one-sixth of amount is at the present time in active operation in this country, and its largest pro ion has been derived from luring a portion of that period when public confidence en shaken in regard to their value. Negotiations are now pending whic! involve nearly one million more of capital invest- ment in this branch of mining, nearly one-half of which is in the cities of Boston and New York. Considering the disadvantages that now surround them, as shown from the facts relating thereto, the; can but be regarded as the prolific sourcer of in this country; and every inducement consistent with the liberal policy adopted in the government of* the destons is equally applicable, and should be ex- tended to them. Dr. Trask concludes his very able report by briefly reviewing the operations of the following mines, viz.: Lafayette and Helvetia, Gold Hill, Os borne Hill, Wyoming, Gold Tunnel, Ulinois, Jones and’ Davis Mine, Calaveras county; Spring Hill, Amadore Company, Ranchoree, Keystone, and Eureka Mine, Calaveras county, all of which he re- presents in a prosperous condition. City of Galena, Il. [From the Galena Advertiser, June 6.] ‘The first white settlers in Galena, hore or here- abouts, are supposed to have been a ‘Mr. Bouthillier, Jesse W. Shull, and Dr. Samuel Muia, who were at- tracted hither by the Indian trade and the report of | lead mines. This was in 1819, and in that year what is known as the “Buck Lead” was discovered, ac- cording to tradition. In due time the country was purchased by the government, the town of Galena waslaid off by its authority, and the fame of the | mines soon attracted a large number of adventurers here. We first saw Galena in 1835. It wasthena con- Prenton of log houses, with perhaps half a dozen framed ones, but none of brick. were then what might be expressed by the general phrase, “free and good hearted.” There was little or no stealing, though valuable property was ex- posed without care, and stores were often left in safety at night without bolt or bar; and from then till now there has been, perhaps, less thieving here than in any commercial town of its size in the Uni- ted States. Then, none had a disposition to steal; now, areal is not allowed. The early settlers were evidently incited here more by a love of adven- ture than a love of wealth. The miners worked hard in an employ honest— but spent their earni There were few families in country for a long time, and men are not strongly inclined to kee) wealth unless they can present to their own min the argument, that they are keeping it for somebody beside themselves. At present, we are not aware that there is any uncommon deficiency in the above particular. A reasonable number have families for whom they work hard to accumulate property, and keep it close and safe. Twice since the first settle- nent o° Galena, nearly its whole wealth has been swept off by commercial revulsions. The fortunes of some of the shrewdest were rubbed out® as effec- profusely. he inhabitants | ent—of which there’ is none more | Coffroth, Chairman of bog Relations, following edge , ead unanimously — subject of C! mn is one which sine emi rite it ahd eh it ic are floc! Toon with alarm both in cities and interior of the State. The petition which erates to the peer, asked | for the of-a. law aut! empRy- ment of Chinese sefvice, similar to that provided | for in the celebrated Coolie bill of 1852. e adop- tion of the report by the unanimous voice of the Senate, is, to say the least, strongly indicative of the be one opposition of that body to Coolie labor. » President—The Committee on Federal Rela- tions, to whom was referred ‘“‘a petition in regard to Asiatic foreigners,” have had the same under col a , and beg leave to submit the following report:— ‘ ‘our committee consider that a compliance with the views of the petitioners would be bret inex- t and injurious to the community. They are ae unreasonable or unfounded preju- dice, when bt assert that no com between the Acari and ‘Solapons hordes of Chinese that are now poe to our shores, and the emigrants from the enlightened nations of Eu- rope, numbers of whom, in various of the United States, have .become useful and worthy citi- zens, and whose descendants have attained the dignities in the republic. e number of Asiatics at present in the State is estimated at twenty-five thousand, and recent ac- counts inform us thousands are now on their way hither. In less than two this number E luenced may be expected to amount to one hundred thou- sand. ‘ne fjarions effect of their presence in our towns and is univereally admit The emall cif of them who engage in industrial occupa- lons,, compete with, and reduce the value of labor of our own citizens. The gold which they take from the mines is of no benefit to us, not returning through of the ave- nues of trade, but is borne away to ich a foreign country. The common idea that they are a harm- less, inoffensive and laborioas race, is a mistaken one, as the records of the police courts of our larger cities abundantly show. They are continually en- gaged in the commission of lawless acts, and it is a well known fact that large numbers of them are banded together in secret societies, the object of which is, if we can believe the current news of the day, to enable them to escape the pursuit of justice and perpetrate crime with impunity, by providing witnesses to commit perjury and compen those to absent themselves whose testimony would con- viet the offender, by the most fearful menaces against their lives and property. Numbers of them may be seen at any time in our cities their time in idleness, or assembled around the gaming tables. Their habits are dissimilar to our own; their proclivities to vice notorious. Their color, their moral and physical organization, and their po- sition in the peat of civilization, rendering it ho) less to expect that they can ever become usefal citizens, establishes the fact that their presence in large numbers is an evil which calls loudly for legis- lative interference. It is known that numbers of them are sent here on speculation by foreign capitalists, for whose benefit they labor, bound by contracts at which our sympathies revolt, and which our laws do not re ‘ise. It has at length become known to these eople that there is a country where they can en- JO" privileges that are unheard of in their own, where the laws are less severe, and tyranny is un- known. That these ideas are becoming more gener- ally diffused among them, the increasing swarms which every vessel deposits upon our shores clearly rove. is The emigrants of other nations, although they may have been attracted hither by the reputation | of our golden hills, often, after a time, forsake the mines and invest their earnings in the purchase of land, oremploy it in commercial enterprise, and thus become useful members of the community, increas- ing the general wealth, and becoming permanent residents of the State. This is not the case with the Asiatics. The hoard- ed product of their labors, when they have been successful in the mines, is carried away with them to their own land, or they remain in our cities to surface, at i i 23 ER E z EY g 5 the joyed a social evening with his estimable family, and the further comers of a conveyance to town this morning in his ge, fay by a po- lite invitation to call when I hat: in in By a eed cay vehicle. And for ia inde ness e occasion to express my vi ‘ace knowledgements. etfully, sina ZORGE ELLiorr, Cod and Mackerel The following statistical memoranda, by I. D. Andrews, Esq., are connected with ment of the trade and commerce of thé States in fish :— FOREIGN IMPORT TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES, CONNECTED WITH FISH, ETC., IN 1852, To what extent our of fish 1852, foreign and do} foreign commerce, a reference turns (vide Com. and Nav. of the leading im and tl countrice to Shick chief the t a atate- United 15,000; $61,000; Indies, $15,000. Leghorn and Straw Hats, Bonnets, §¢.— Wrest Indies, $14,000; Dutch West Indies, $24,005, itish West Indies, aa . fone $1,000: Beftiah W ps $17,000; Cuba, Porto Rico, &c., 23,000 gal- ons, $6,000. Molasses.—Danish West Indies, 168,000 $23,000; Dutch West Indies and Guiana, 690,000 ions, $57,000; British West Indies, 239,000 ions, $30,000; Cuba, Porto, Rico, &., 32,000, gallons, $2,400,000. Cocoa and Chocolate.—Danish West Indies, 7,500 Ibs., $460; Dutch West Indies and Guiana, 107,000 Ibs., $7,000; Honduras, 25,000 Ibs., £1,200; British ‘West Indies, 107,000 ibs., $6,000; French Gi 9,000 Ibs., $700; Cuba, Porto Rico, &c., 75,000 Iba., $4,700; Hayti, 670,000 Ibs., $23,000; V 104,000 Ibs., $6,900;' Brazil, 160,000 Ibs., $6,800. Ceffee-—Dutch West Indies and D. Guiana, 2,000,- $147,000 ; British West Indies, fn noe Ibs., $176,000 ; Cuba, Porto Rico, &c., 3,000,000 ibs., $250,000 ; Hovti, 18,500,000 Ibs. $1,455,000 ; Vene- zuela, 14,000,000 Ibs., $1,110,000; Brazil, 139,000,000 Ths., $10,065,000, Africa, 535,000 ibs., $53,000. Brown Sugars.—D: ‘est Indies, 1,338,000 Ibs., $53,170 ; Dutch West Indies and Dutch Gi 5,500,000, be. $79,000 5 British West Indies fuiana, 1,270,000 Ibs., $37,200; Cabs, Porto Rico, &c., 411,150,000 Ibs., $13,200,000 ; Hayti, 537 Ibe., $15; Venezuela, 660,000 Ibs.’ $18,500 ; Brasil, 18,500,000 Ibe., $586,000. White and other Sugars.—French Guiana, 28,500 Tbs., $584; Cuba, Porto Rico, &c., 6,000,000 lbs., $173,000, Brazil, 1,800,000 ibs., $54,500. Tobacco.—Dutch Weat Indies, 3,080 Ibs., $3775 British West Indies, 153,000 Ins., $15,450; Cuba, Porto Rico, &c., 2,664,300 Ibs., $455,020; | Hayti, 185,000 Ibs., $19,000. Segars—Dutch West Indies, 305 M, $1,283; British West Indies, $22 M, $1;308; Guba, Porte Rico, &c., 169,607 M, $2,430,420; Hayti, 105 M, $628, See also imports of salt in 1852, as follows :— The trade and commerce in salt is important be- yond value. It is closely connected its with the seblng inveresta Turorts oF FoREIGN Sart 1v meyers AND Nayv., P. 254). Bushels. s. Duties. This report embraces the examination of a dis- | quired in its passage down the bay before reaching | viously in this report, are found to be receptacles of _ tually as though visited by> fire. For the last five % From En; 3 6,893,866 at 12.2—$796,435 $159,287 wu a une gue ua tg | Caer etary Gein unaee ae | EM eae Neh iommate | [eeeumeemtnen med ew owed | GY te repealng rc nan cer os | Pea aeR Laas St tha Me and 122 deg. 32 min. west longitude, and from the | t rature increased that an addition of ten de- nsive in the by success and unsurpassed safety. om N.A. . at 9. thirt “fifth parallel to the thirty-ninth degree of green is offen acquired in itg transit from San Fran- | an entire ridge for miles; they are usually flanke Last year, there was exported by our dealers | ad rs maitre aches be Be do From Cansda....... _ 60,944 at 10.5 is 1,298 orth latitude. inclusive of the ‘coast mountains | cisco to the head of the valley, n distwice littlo rie | by the granite. Daring the past summer, the placers | $1,264,890 worth of lead. ‘he sales of the leading | means, the treaaure they design et Isat to carry | omBcana i .,, MAM atlOG «16,005 Bee ain aineral districts sogical description of | 28 itty miles. This increase of teurgeratars 4 tLe | 8, the Connty Santa Craz were much worked; the | imported articles amonnted to $4,361,860, and thé | tayo thelr own county. Fee eee nee ae cupatiod “Sar 0g he report opens with a geological description companiet an inerea: its capaci ni é i the Monte Diablo range, which 1 being purely scien- for decry tene it is usaal to find aalight and its tributaries; it was fine, and much resembled | estimate that this amount will be increased at least | deze slapped Bice pr imply the 16/519 = ae iio oe tific and uninteresting to the general reader, we pass | aqueous haze, which results from the condensation | that found in the Caoti Hill, near Nevada; under the $2,000,000 this year. The value of articles manu- | did Loctalatoe to adddten: Olnumea' Joint sascha: 601303 at 4.2 25,485 6,087 over and come to | of its moisture, hanging about this entire range of | glass it had all the appearance of having suffered | factured wholly or in part in Galena, last year, was | tion, ‘8 favor of the passage ar 7 eee declaria, 63,950at 6.6. 8,504 100 ‘3 THE SALINAS VALLEY. ; “ a | bills during the summer months, and is usually seen | sedate from ae by bee bir gal Gs ug | vi aes Saipan abenld be sig sag oe | that foreigners who have not declared their inten: a * ag ets =e The valley is about ninety miles in length, and | early in the morning. rains being rough, as thoug! | $200, year. is also expect that the re- ; r x 7 . has a varying breadth of font eight to fourteen ie aeriier sr oylaae the valley of the Salinas, | their original ate Zhe, a) a “4 aaa | colpts oH lead from fhe mines wil be considerably pee ct oceania a ee tanltgN fo azar a an 2,08 ae mailes, (Jt ig aitnnted between the const mountains | .. 4 +16 river of tho samename which traverses its | Tock® Cccur on hoth side ‘through them; and, from | ceinte exceeded those oF the year pat scars te | that Asiatic foreigners may become domestics in * —— _— ——-—— ——. and those denominated the Monte Diablo range, | | Veins of quartz running through them; and, | ceipts exceeded those of the year previous, © | our cities and towns under suitable laws.’ The Total 10,116,080 11 1,112,187 222,427. and is bounded on the east by that spur of this | cntirelength. He rays: whet we know of auriferous districts of this and | following table shows the amounts of lead produced pascage of such a law, while it would deter emigra- wicims oe ee : t. aa range in which the Gabilan is situated. The only obstacle that renders these waters un- | other countries, the presumption that gold in sifu | from these mines for the twelve years named, and it | tion from the enli jghtened nations of the old. migra. The duty on iapoeee a is Ect te hed the Caden Fiver flows throagh thie plain from | navigable for some distance in the interior of the | ae ees smaants noe me ie Curate inthe | #copiedfrom the “Commercial Statistics of St. | woutd at the same time, greatly increase the | orem, by, the zp ean K. ea eS ad e Cadesal Pass, in which it has its rise, to the bay | valley, are the bars of drift sand which are thrown | in the upper p Hh Bites gi I mais 2 — - : crowds of Chinese that already overrun our prin- 4 a Monterey, ae stream or uy mes ots cours | up Oy he oer on the cont A good and substantia | SuRUNAGMG?SP"The "Huo Tuli. Warter ty | “ROY mine mussay ru ren samme cite, Whether the Asialcs cmuldy under | hupete' So” Nee lee tan Tent pee a , aNd as et om Ono i “ay ii + S & i Wi ~ a eat 1e Cr it . a : deer watt 16"oecomes more | Nannotae talaciak ie sabe cnan Sy ee is Sleo found Axgtt ribrtniea i the Pty pal Year eek. pas Minera. nh Galena. ever e"pecome ‘American e citizens. ‘fas Theat cna hh ined Le ine sreealas: eee pameivasione wie sete a \ ae section of the one and bo. the means of | oe fom, nce a) eget uaa of Shase pas | ++447,900 31,358,690 1285 224 $702,521 SL | Gaited ibys oe na oe Aetetistiere| i ik the British West Indies, 50 bushels, at 56° centa, river hias a fall of eighteen inches in one and three- | Dortaticn in the productions OF the iatecior tor waas. | mello, coming from the sorthareay warren i | 43727040 1388 28) 1,20¢397 42 | the solemn nature of tho oath or affirmation ad. | $233 ie ee aie ee eo te ae fourths ofa mile for seventy miles of its course. | Ent, but afftrd ionuoemneuta trate permanent set- | from the coast, itis also found, near the house of er one'ete 27 8% 3.96 2,613,047 88 | ministered in our courts of justice, and indifferent | 1,467,676 bushels, at 6.8 cents, $30,316.—( Ibid, : ; only most, it might be said, uninhabited and unimproved,) | Ww! e jaya at the time assed that ranche. Vwom'g ao | nations, cou! t ropriet ea 0 the f forei; It in 1852 al Freel sah eres Pe ferery Rese! cn Neves wide weil some other equally eels tape) | es peruenety ue sce ag ly ee on a aceraa a WS £ 4 Poirot ms | nig ‘hts ot eect f s auestion pute no reser pa ‘orth Siaenoer Perky tS Ae aes ae border; ter, » a would be the means of consummating in a short | east flanks of granite ridges, and from their 39/801,230 2410 4 20. 1/671/651 66 | Able mind could en in. That people, whose re- | 10 cents, $1,950; tothe British West Indies, 1,096 into its composition. | peri | 7 . *354" tation for honesty is ivocal,and ft rh 30 cer ri 4 » 3 es period of time. couree they may be considered as forming the north- 115 $3,188,060 2551 408 1,354,002 44 | Putation for ty is so equivocal,and from whom | bushels, at 20 centa, $214; to Cuba, 21,490 bushels, The plain of the Salinas consists of three terraces | P“Pne quantity of arable ands contained within the | ern part of a series which occurs at the Mission San | 1862;1408,628 28/603'960 25 87 4 12 1'178'483 05 | the solemnity of an oath fails to elicit the trath, | st 31.08 cents, $0888 Be Portnall 44,490 bushels, Jog Wer titkeat pee een — Salina Plains ‘is estimated at about seven handred | Antonio, fifty miles south. | 1853..425,814 29'806,980 9442 5 50 1,639,383 90 | could ase among us in he capacity of laborers | average 28.08 cents, $9,745—(Ibid, p. 124.) It is i} i i | i i in| he Seer en cree mgm enna: 01 y y e i rire ta present bol es course, “ness teens | SGly, become ax avaiable for agriculture, geeuri abont eighty ales in length, and thu far States oy 2 aow nur corm ara pon, rm | Charged withthe co of goods tnd valuables, of | Satan “OF ta exported foreign mt, 000 basbla are very regular in their general outline, and impart ‘to the mind an idea that the plain has a uniform rade for its entire breadth, when the point viewed is one or two miles distant. western side of the valley, the lower terrace is found to occupy a breadth of about four miles, and is com- — of a rich alluvium; at this point the second mrgbe rises abruptly to the heighth of eleven feet, ‘its avera; though not in so fine a state of disiategration, or | containing so large an amount of vegetable mould. | Both terraces support a dense growth of indigenous Grasses and plants, thus furnishing an abundant sup- ply of peeoree for stock of all kinds. The third and upper terrace rises nearly as abrupt as the second, and has a varying breadth of from one to six miles; it is more irregular upon its surface than the two former, and attains a higher grading a3 it approaches the hills to the east. The irregularities of the surface are not sufficient to produce any sensi- ble effect in destroying that uniformity which a view of four miles will give on any part of the plain, and would not be noticeable except in passing ‘over it. ‘The geology of the coast mountains from Point Pinos to the Hacismiento river, and the Santa Craz mountains, is next described; after which we read the following, viz:— sianht adel on the | is but is more Properly | few exceptions. | as follows: a grazing country, with a ver: e above quantities are divide ‘The lower terraze, or river bottom, con- tains three hundred and twenty miles, and the sec- ond terrace about four hundred and sixty, and en- | joying a climate in its different sections which will | be found adapted to the growths of the extremes of | temperate zones. | : width being nearly that of the former: | Le ox akon this is tho composed of a similar soil as the first, | This valley is situated on the coast, and is bounda- is confined to the counties of Santa Clara, Monterey and the north part of Luis Obispo. This isa mate- | rial addition to the already known area in which this | Metal is found, and its location in what fore been considered the agricultural districts of the State, willin time exert a permanent settlement of those sectious. | _ ANTIMONY.—The common sulphuret of this me- | tal is very abundant in the Monte Diablo range; at Mount Oso it is found in large masses, algo at vari- t has hereto- | neficial influence in the | ed on the north and east by the southern part of , ovs other points throughout these mountains; it | the Santa Cruz Mountains, and on the south by the low hfils forming spur of the Gabilan Range, and which divide it from the Salinas Plains. The valley is about eight miles in length, and about four in breadth, on an average, exclusive of the foot hills, or low, table hills, on its west border; the Pajaro River, forming the boundary of the counties Monte- rey, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, has its rise near San Felipe, and flows in a westerly direction through the low hills at the base of the mountains, thence | along the northwest border of the valley for about two niles, where it crosses the latter within about a quarter of a mile of the town of Watsonville, and reaches the sea at a point south ten degrees west ot the latter locality, four miles distant. There is no part of this State that I have visited which 1 aa the’ same natural advantages for fruit culture as are to be found in this district; while artiticial irregation is necessary in other parts of the | occurs in considerable quantities in some parts of the eer) of Santa Barbara. This mineral is de- | vay attention, as it often contains a notable | quantity of silver, though as yet. po, specimens. which have been found in this cout contain a | = per cent ofthis metal. | ITUMEN.—Bituminous springs abound through | the coast mountains, anf in some places is much used in the construction of buildings and walks in front of buildings ; for the latter purpose it is ad- mirably adapted in situations where the sun will not have too powerful an effect upon it, as_in such cases te apt to become soft. In the counties of Santa lara, Santa Cruz and Monterey, several of these springs occur, and farther south are found more abundant. Information has been received of an ex- tensive deposit of bitumen in Contra Costa, some six miles from the shores of the bay, but at what | point I have as yet been unable to learn. This ar- THE STRUCTURE OF THE VALLEYS OF SACRAMENTO State, this is furnished regularly each night by ticle has been used of late in the manufacture of AND SA These valleys form a ‘ tion,” stretchin sade mountains at the north, to the junction of the jem Nevada with the southern terminus of the Lonte Diablo range with the thirty-fourth parallel Hnorth latitude. The length of the valley is about | ‘ree hundred and eighty miles in length on an air jue, with a breadth of fitty miles at its widest point. The general appearance of the valley is that of an éxtended plain composed of alluvium, and this opinion would obtain in the mind of any person whose line of travel would lead him over the lower terraces of the plain, or what is denominated its bottom lands. It is only by making a transverse section of this plain that we should be able to ar- | rive at any correct conclusions of its structure and | peculiarities of its formation; by pursuing this course, | very distinctive and marked features are observable of different periods of elevation to which this por- | tion of the country has been subjected subsequent to | its emergence Bbove the level o the sea. * JOAQUIN. single geographical forma- ig from the terminal spars of the Cas- * | The character of the soil in many parts of this | valley will render it of little es as an agri- ‘cultural district, unless water ample quantities for irrization can be obtained. (‘These remarks ap Ply particularly to the upper terrace of the valley on each side of the river.) And we hope that atten- | ‘tion may be called to this very important subject of | making the extensive areas of the arid districts of the basin available for market and agricultural pur- mce has demonstrated the almost certainty of water, and in sufficient quantities, for agricoltura! and other purposes, in ali valleys rest- ing upon sedimentary formations, and haying a | *basin-shaped stracture, and where the different ea | have a degree of uniformity or rogularity in. their | \ ion, and are of a texture that will admit.the | ‘free percolation of water through the superior beds, | . guaicieatly firm to prevent its escape in those | Theee conditions are all fulfilled in the basin of the Sacramento, and from the united testimony of different observers, we have ample evidence that | the sedimentary formations of one side are the same as those upon the other, with the exception, per- , of the lomerate. report, classifying the rocks of the coast, amountains, &c., goes on to describe their oider and amore recent volcanic rocks. | In relation to the dis- of coal, the author says:— ‘Feom a careful examination of this part of the country, with this object in view, I feel no hesit.- tion in eaying that .coal will not be found in any port of the cnast momntains aonth of the thirte-Arth paraiic: or north latitude; what there may be south | attempting to rear trees in many parts of the coun- | than those mentioned, are to be aqueous exhalation from the ocean, and extending some thirty miles into the interior. During the months of July and August, last summer, an oppor: | tunity to observe this fact was offercd, and I found that over this entire section a sufficient amount of moisture was deposited each night to wet the leaves of plants very sensibly, and during the heavier fogs & quantity sufficient to keep the ground wet under | medium-sized trees until midday. The soil is equally | adapted to their propagation, being of texture that | will permit the expansion of the roots below the | surface, without the necessity of sinking deep into | the carth, as is the case in many parts of the | country, where even the most hardy indigenous trees are found toaend their roots to great depths in order to obtain nourishment and support for the trunk. It is surprising that with the advantages presented for the cultivation of American frait’ trees in this section of the State, that so little atten- tion has been given to this subject in this vicinity. Heavy losses have been sustained by individuals a try, and this has,in a great measure, prevented others from embarking in this enterprise; but in most of those cases where failures have followed the | ttempt, it.has been from a soil ill adapted to their | propagation, or in localities where floods have had | the effect to destroy them. These injurious ‘influences are absent here, and there is everything that can be desired to invite = propagation of this ornamental and useful en- erprise. Fruit cultare is to form an important branch in the industrial pursuits of this country; the lands a to these purposes in other localities +e eo aes and ions of *he cor ofs "rancisco, fe te Pestle to the Francisquito, and toward the foot of the mountains to the west. North of Sin Francisco, the per portions of Napa valley and | Sonoma are equally as good aa those of te of the county of Sauta Cruz, affording much the | same general characteristics aa those of the latter country, LIVERMOWE VALLE This valley is sitaated if the o ‘al portion of | mountains lying east of the bay Sa rancisco and | valley Santa Clara; it divides these mountains into | two distinct lines of ridges, and runs rather obtusely to their course. The diflerent names that are ap- plied to this valley convey the idea that there are as mony distinct valleys, but such is not the case, ag no hills intervene to destvoy the general level throughout its entire extent. From its extreme north to its extreme southern terminus the valley is about sixteen miles in length, and from five ty aeven in breadth, On the port! ia bounded hy Wonte Diablo and its adjvining bills, seprrating it irom | gas, for illumination, and it possesses some advan- | tages over the common oil oO: rosin gasin general | "hse ; a sufficient quantity for the illumination of the | country may be easily obtained, and at low rates, | when required for this purpose. PLACER MINING, The writer enters iato a long treatise on this branch of mining, and represents its progress as being very extensive during the last two years. Its now ascertained to a certainty that the placer ranges extend to the east, within ten or fifteen miles of the ‘summit ridge,”’ so called, of the Sierra Ne- vada; and the condition in which it is found at these points is similar in all respects to that in the older or more western sections, with, perhaps, one exception, and that the relative age of both. There are evidences which clearly indicate a deposit of gold older than the diluvial drift of the lower or western diggin A (which latter is often confouuded with the drift de- posits of the tertiary periods in this country,) the character of which differs in almost every respect from any other Sout yet observed in this country, except in this particular range. Its direction, has been traced for about seventy miles, and is found to extend through the counties of Butte, the eastern part of Yuba, Sierra, Nevada, Placer and El Dorado; it appears to have an ave- rage breadth of about four miles, with an elevation | of four thousand feet above the sea for the greatest part of its length. After af iminary remark the Ta few iminary remarks upon the perma- | Nancy of the fis mines of this State, the author | proceeds to an elaborate consideration of the geologi- | cal postion which the quartz veins hold to the roc | with which they are connected. Under the head of “Character and positions of the older veins below | the surface,” he concludes thus:— From what testimony we have in our possession relative to these veins, it seems but reasouable to conclude that their integrity is perfect, or as nearly so as can be reasonably expected considering the psec arg which has been employed in developiny their true character, and that the ‘confidence whid they formerly possessed was well grounded; all subsequent examinations have only tended to con- firm this belief in the minds of ‘those who have carefuily and diligently studied this subject. The present condition of our gold mines, their flourish- ing state and prospective value, based on facta as | now developed, most cle ndicate their impor | | tance as an industrial pursuit, and one destined ere | long to form one of the leading interests in the eco- nomy of the State; and as such it would seem that all prudent measures to dev and value, and placethem upon that footing before the world which that anid importance demand ehould Le uted, Cds GUE ge be sone es giagie , b Ports from whence shipped. Shipped vie'the river. | Pigs. Pounds. Value. From Galena 818,513 22,208,01081,226,340 55 Dubuq 43,852 3,069,640 "168,830 20 Potosi, 23,086 1,616,020 88,831 10 Cassvil 14,186 993/020 54,616 10 uena Vist: 2.676 187,320 10,352 60 Shipped via the lakes... 23,471 1,642/970 90,363 85 | Totals 425,814 29,806,080 1,639,383 90 The receipts at this port, as given in our general table, aggregate 441,839 pigs this, ageinst 400.311 last year. Of this 6,315 came from the Misgouri, and the balance from the Upper and Lower Mississippi. ' The Galena table gives . the quantity shipped per river at 402,343; deduct from this the Missouri ipts, andthe balance, it is fair to Bu] , came from the lower mines, say 34,231 pigs. a pag ies cont peek padres re of Galena speaks for itself. It is now creat ia ulation, trade and wealth, as well sin sonitere ta Stetoant improvement. In 1850, according to the United States | census, the population of Galena is set down at 6,004. From an actual and careful enumeration made by the publishers of this paper, in eanvadsiug for their City rectory, now in press, it is ascertained that the popu- lation of Galena is fully equal to 10,000 souls. Anti-Rent Meeting in Nassau, Reneselacr County. (From the Troy and Albany Family Journal, Juno 9.] At an adjourned meeting of the anti-renters of the town of Nassau, on Saturday, the 3d day of June, 1854, at the house of B. Griggs in said town, The meeting was called to order by Vice-Presi- dent Jonathan Turner. Minutesof last pecting read. Appointed Mr. Edgar Williams President of the association, the former President, E. Beil, having sold and moved West. amend the by-laws of the association by adding ar- ticles sixth, #eventh and eighth to the same, viz.:— Art. 6 —All persons belonging to this association who may, have been or bg oy prosecuted by the landlords and bave bad funds of the association to prosecute their defence, who shall refuse to pay an assessment which may be made to defend a suit or prosecution against any other member for the collection of rent, shail be liable to pay back to the association the amount with interest which was used to defend his or their former suit. Art. 7.—Any person not a member of this association who may hereatter be prosecuted by his landlord for rents, wishing to become @ member ot the same, may do #0 by paying three times as much as the former assess- ment, and not without. Art 8.—All unappropriated funds of the association shall be divided among the members of the same, when- ever the association shall disband, or when it is deter- mined tbat it will not be necossary in defraying the ex- pense of any syit for the collection of rent against any member—said division to be made in Bagi! to the amount paid by the several members of the association. ‘The opportunity wae now given for those present who wished to become members to do #0, by subscribing their names and paying the tax of five cents on an acre, and the initiation fee of Ave cents, which was improved by a oodly number present. A ‘number of the Vigilance fom mittee reported the names and paid over the amount of funds collected, amounting in the aggregate to one hundred and ten dollars and ninety six cents. Voted unanimously, that said funds be placed in the savings bank, subject to order of s majority of the executive committee. Resolved, That tle members of the Vigilance Commit: tee in the several school districts circulate their paper for the admission of members, and collect the tax of five cents on an acre each member owns, subject to rent, and report and pay over the funds collected at the next ast 3 of the association. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be pub- lished in the Fumily Journal and Albany Freeholder. ed to adjourn till the last Saturday in this month, at this place, at two o'clock P.M AHL Teowse, Seo. E, M. WILLIAMS, President. Iurorrant Rarcroap Daciston ty Onro—The Supreme Court have decided, as will be seen by the reportsin this paper, that laws adoption of the present constitution, authorizing county subscriptions of railroad stocks, are yet in | This decision will have an important influ- | » farther their extent | ence upon many roads now in process of construc. force. er a financial smpelied them, Slate ay tion pho 10 tay cuable some to weath would have Voted unanimously to | assed prior to the | | entrusted with the Tooele of money belonging to | their employers; the well known cupidity o: 5 Sa | people, andthe slight distinction they draw be- | en right and wrong, would render them entirely ineligible for such position, and be a "constant source of trouble and annoyance to those who might avail themselves of their services. The committee conceive that the prayer of the petitioners'is wrong, and should not granted— that it isthe doty of the government by law, to check the steadily thee i Chinese immigration, and not to provide additional channels of industry for those who are now with us, and those who are yet to come. James W. Corrrora, Ch’n. Cuas. A. Torrie, Cuas. A. Bayan. Balloon Ascension in Baltimore. | Mr. Elliott made another ascension at Baltimore on the 12th inst., which he thus describes in a let- | ter to the Baltimore Sun:-- At alittle before six o'clock I entered the car, the balloon having proved amply inflated for my ose, and enabling me to carry a full su, 01 | pa id enabling me t ry a full ply if last. Everything being ready Icast off and mounted with considerable ts ity about 500 feet, | when a change in the atmosphere acted quite sud- denly upon the gas, and its rapid condensation would have caused me to descend but for an imme- diate and liberal discharge of ballast. Thus reliev- , ed, the erostat sprung gaily upwards, and with a regular and easy motion, From the position I was now attaining, 1 commanded a view of earth and sky of surpassing beauty, sublimity and awe. I | don’t know that 1 have ever hiated heretofore that | the eronaut may well be the most skeptical man about the rotundity of the earth. Philosophy im- poses the truth upon us, but the view of earth from the elevation of a balloon is that of an immense ter- restial basin, the deeper part of which is that directly under one’s feet. As we as- cend, the earth beneath us seems to re- cede—actually to sink array, while the horizon gra- cually and ‘gracefully lifts a diversified slope, stretching away farther and farther to a line that, at the highest elevation, seems to close with the sky. Thus, upon a clear day, the wronaut feels as if suspended at about an equal distance between the vast, blue, oceanic concave above, and the equally expanded terrestrial basin below. On Monday this effect was modified by the condition of the sky. At anelevation which I did not par- ticularly note, the northern slope of the horizon was intercepted by the heavy clouds accumulated in that quarter, but the extended view became strikingly grand, while the phenomena of the scene were well calculated to inspire my mind with awe. The lightning was playing at intervals of miles as far asthe eye could reach, while the concussion of the atmosphere from the reverbera- tion of the thunder produced an almost incessant be Fle of the balloon. It quivered in every fibre, e net-work and cords, like nerves, pulsating to the car, and constantly reminding me of the ex- treme sensibility of the machine. ile debating a little practical philosophy, suggested the occasion, the balloon plunged into a volame of vapor, and I waa in an instant solitary and alone. The beautiful earth—the busy city—the throaged amphitheatre, with ite uptamed faces, that resem- bled so man; be Co bien and LM eater number of small coin peering upwards from the outside—the Washington Monument about six inches high, and other slevations spotted with more upturned small coin—the fertile country verdant with the genial eeason—the river, the , wood and plain, hill and valley, all were in a moment, veiled from sight, and i was alone. In a few minutes I emerged above this atratum of clouds into clear air, but there were clouds still | higher reaching away to the horizon,’in remarkable contrast with the dark mass below. These were | white as piles of snow, and where they occasdenally caught the rays of the sun, reflected his brightness with Jazzling effect. The cold here was quite se- yere, and I had some cause to apprehend the fo; mation of hail, which might out the silken valla of the balloon, 1 thorefore discharged agsla dexegdrl of | Ln '$580) was entitled to drawback, 17,880 bushels $5,401) not entitled. and 24,610 bushels ($3,764) was from warehouse. Our me of foreign salt were carried as follows (ibid. p. 274):— In American vessels, 5,370,393 bush., at 1.5 cents $503,954 Foreign st 4,145,587 10.9 cents 618,183 10,116,080 1,112,137 ‘The same information_as to the domestic and foreign exports is not given by the treasury re} ports, the Unfved States ‘pays a Nominal fright only, e fe pays a nomi '. being used for ballast. Ground alum and West India salt are, for curing fish and meats, generally deemed better than other salt used in the United States. Such salt produced by solar evaporation of sea water. It has been estimated that the oe of the United States, on the eastern side of the continent, now make annually, for sale and for use, Ree al of sixteen millions of bushels of domestic salt, as fol- lows :— Bushels. Rock galt, and that made from salt springs, lakes, &c., in the interior, by boiling Sea salt on Atlantic coasts by boil- SUE ING. 55s cana hak 5 Uae akan ibaa 1,000,000 Sea salt on southern Atlantic and coasts, by solar evaporation, includ- ing calt ponds near the gulf coast of TOXMB....srscsererccecevccsccessoves 150,000 Total made in Unjted States ....... “16,000,000 As before obeerved, eca salt produced by solar evaporation is preferred for pickling fish and meat; and it is supposed that some of the salt made in the ove a a also some ree alt, ae used for those . There is no cause may not be obviate, Why ike extreme southern of the United States, on the Atlantic and Gulf, and on the Pacific, cannot be made to supply a sufft- ciency of sea ealt produced by solar evaporation for the uée of the fisheries in both oceans; and it is be- lieved an ample supply may be thus apne our own citizens for the consumption of the wi Union, and in a short time be so furnished as ch ly ag from abroad, and with a fair profit to manufacturers. Extensive salt works in operation on the southern keys, that it is stated vail ei oe year sreoag ‘ge quantity of sea salt, jar evaporation, of a superior to the beat West India or Turk’s Island alt; and Texas has inexh: le resources for making the same kind of salt, of superior quality, on her coasts and in her salt lakes near the Gulf If the allowance now made to fishing vessels un~ der the act of 1819 are abrogated, and if the Pas by the act of 1846 on exported fish cured wii foreign salt be taken away, and the duty on import- ed salt abolished, judicious policy with reference to a Sali interests, and dag 9 pacman of cea sal solar evaporation, and other Ameri: salt, ma; demand ‘thet American fishoemen be al- lowed a ty of 15 cents at least fon cach barrel of pickled fish enred with American salé. The pre~ miums by several past acts of ress for ex: ported American fish, cured with: foreign salt, eater than is now su; lange and,as those were for the use of foreign all it bas tended to discaur- e the manufacture of salt by solaa eva] in he United States, and the policy, has, therefore, that respect, been unjust aad unwise. The quality of the domestic salt made in the inte- rior States has become gacatly improved within, the last few years. It is known ‘an eminent chem ist in Baltimore has, at the instance of the govern- ment, been gnanged in investigations on thissubject. Salt from the interior is now used in tery Med meats, and will, it is believed, soon be used to cure fish. We need not import a bushel of salt, The foregoing memoranda were prepared from the ret-irns for 1852; since then the returns for 1853 bave been published. There are but few material oces in the statistics of the two years a