The New York Herald Newspaper, June 17, 1854, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD, wee JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. eens BPFICE N. W. CORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON &TS. see PEEP trace sx: per annum, at 6% cents er ; the Buropern ran- | Sein lay partef Great hirtctn and $5 to-any part of the | TaeASaaS CaRLEEChmeNce impor | Reema coe romans seater af ier ed paid for. KI-VCN FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS ARE PARTICULARLY KEQUESTED TO SEAL ALL TERS AnD PACKAGES SENT US. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—To Ontics Bexsow —Favervs. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Fauervs—Boon Cm waxs—Krow Noruinas. NYBLO’S, Brondwsy—Tioit Rore—Evorament—GREEN Momeran. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham strect—Kary, THE Mor Conn Giant Macurra tux SEconD. WaLLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Tue Scnorar— ‘User Ur. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon and Evening—Rar- WARLLE. GHRISTY’S AMERICAN OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broad- qway—Brusorzay MaLopiee sy Cunisry's Mixermens, WOOD'S MINSTREL HALL, dt Broaiway—Brmioriae Monsracity—Buarerra or Uncue Tom’n Canin. BUCKLEY'S OPERA HOUSE, 59 Broadway—Buce- marr’s Ermrortan Orsna Taovrr. ‘To the Public. ‘The Naw Yous Hurip hen now the largest ciroulation ef any daily journal in Europe or America. The Daily Hxnat circulates nearly sizty thousand sheots per day. ‘The Wevkly editions—published en Saturday end Sun- @ey—resch a circulation of nenrly seventy thousand sheets per week. Theaggregate iseue of the Henatp establichment is wbeut four hundred thousand esheets per week, or over Qcenty millions of sheets per eunum. Onc Week’s History. ‘Tho Wexxty HERALD, containing a complete epitome of ‘ene week’s intelligence from all quarters of the world, will be.pubiished at ten o’¢lock this morning. Price eixpence, To be bad at the counter in wrapporsemd ready for mailin; The News. APRAIRS IN WASHINGTON. Our especial desgetches state that Mr. Beslan, Secretary of the Legation to Central America, -will xeturn immediately to his post to look after our in- tereste in that quarter. He will no doubt leave in the sloop-of-war Cyane, now in this port ready for | veo. She is ordered to San Juan, and her com- mander, Capt. Hollins, who so promptly put an end to the riot at that place some months since, is in- structed to bring to condign punishment the par ticipators in the disturbances in which ex-Minister Borland took a very active part. Capt. Hollins has acquired a reputation among the squatter sovereigns ont there which eminently fits him for this delicate duty. 3 Yesterday was private bill day in the Senate. The Dill to. renew the patent of Moore & Hascall’s har- yesting machine was debated, and rejected by thir- teen to twenty-two. votes against it. A reconsidera- tion was moyed and the subject postponed. Four other private bills were passed and one rejected. The bill authorizing the coinage of gold pieces of the value respectively of ten and five eagles was. taken up, and the fourth and fifth sections, relating to assaying bullion, against which the Chamber of Commerce of this city memorialized the Senate re- eently, were struck-out. An amendment to increase the salaries of the Directors and ‘Treasurer of the Mint at Philadelphia was offered, but subsequently withdrawn. he bill finally passed by twenty-nine to thirteen. The Senate adjourned to Monday. In the House the bill to increase the postage rates was discussed, and laid on the table by a vote of ninety-four to fifty-one. We refer to an editorial article on this subject in anotlier column. Chairman of the Committee of Waya and Means asked leave to report the bill modi! bat objection was made. NEW HAMPSHIRE POLITICES Tn the House of Representatives of New Hamp- ahi i copawat: yar Re dee ahive Jorterdey tye rotten the details are given nna te telegraphic head. An indefinite postponement of the election was proposed, but finally the matter was laid over till Wednesday next. The anti-Nebraska resolu- tions were discussed. A motion to lay them on the table was defeated by cight votes, and this subject was also postponed until Wednesday. Here is a delectable state of affairs for the contemplation of General Pierce. The President, the Representatives and Senators in Congress, the collector of the port of Boston, and the innumerable host of office hold- ers from the Granite State, are powerless to upsct the anti-Nebraska faction in the Legislature of the State, or to lay the resolutions condemning the Kan- 8a#Nebrasks bill on the table. Harry Hibbard, the henchman of the President, has received the cut di- rect, although there is no telling what new combi- nations may be formed between now and Wednesday, He may rise to the surface by that time, bat it is doubtful. Never was an administration so cong pletely broken down. LATER FROM HAVANA. The steamship Cahawba arrived at this port yes- terday afternoon, bringing advices from Havana to the 12th inst. The letters of our correspondents, published elsewhere; will be found to contain much that is interesting. EXOISE COMMISSIONERS. The trial of John Cavanagh, one of the Excise Commissioners of Kings county, charged with misdemeanor in granting a license to a person not entitled to receive one, was concluded in Brooklyn yesterduy, and resulted ina verdict of guilty. The penalty for the offence, as we are informed, is one year imprisonment, and a fine of two hundred and fifty dollars. Counsel were granted leave to file a bill of exceptions. Without saying anything as to the merits of this particular case, there can be no doubt but the investigation in this instance will tend ‘to 4 more rigid scrutiny into the manners and cus- toms of applicants for licenses hereafter. MISCELLANEOUS, On our inside pages may be found farther details ofthe late disastrous fire in Worcester, Mass., in- eluding a list of the names and business of the suf- ferers; theatrical notices, financial and commercin intelligence, advertisements, &c., &c. 5 Shepard Carey has been nominated a candidate for Governor of Maine by the “ wild cat” faction of the democracy of that State. It is stated that Chief Justice Green, of Rhode Island, has resigned. In the Court of Oyer and Terminer in Kings county yesterday, the jury in the case of the Far- leys, charged with poisoning an eged female, was discharged, being unable to agree upon a verdict. Judge Conrad, the newly elected Mayor of Phila- delphia, has issued his proclamation closing the @rinking houses on Sunday. Gen. J. C, Saunders, of Alabama, and Judge Evans, of Mississippi, fought a doel uear the Ala- oma State line on the 3d inst, Five shots were ex- changed, and both parties were wounded, Judge Evans dangerously. Mr. Schlessinger, who had wen engaged in a mock duel at New Orleans, was shot dead by 8. G. Ladd, during a dispute about the affair. The fact of five shots being exchanged be- ‘tween Messrs. Saunders and Evans imay be regarded by some as an indication of g. eat courage, but the expericnce of duellists is to the “ontrary. The pro- dJongation of the affair betrays noy velessness on the part of one of the combatants at lea, % At best it is but a Jamentable instance of Young 4merica say- rgeness, in every way at variance wi.Y the tras sj tlt of the code, Whet can be more .*uocking than the spectacle 0° two respectable citizens taking five shots at each other? AFFAIRS IN THE CITY. A melancholy case of mortality from cholera was brought to the notice of Coroner Hilton yesterday. Of a family consisting of husband, wife and five children, taken ill a few days since, four of the lat- ter have cied, and the parents are now in avery hopeless state, a little girl alone be'ng exempt. Th 9 family was wretchedly poor, and the spartmer tg they occupied were in a most filthy cond'tion. "fhe instances of cholera that have occurred in this city during the present summer have resulted from * deati- tution and uncleanliness, and it is hizh tima the Board of Health should adopt proper meas” ses to remedy these evils. We would humbly sug gest to these functionaries, if they have not suffici mt saga- city to devise a plan of their own, that the p-appoint a committee to visit other cities and mak ¢ inquiries on the subject of preserving the pu’ ghc health. Having availed themselves of the com’ gion sense of others, they may be able to do somet! gng for their suffering fellow citizens. Or perha pe it would be better to go at once to the primary 8 surce of power, and convene a mass meeting of citiz ens in the Park, who would take the responsibility of reforming the abuses of which such loud and jest complaint is made, and insist, in language no’; to be, misander- stood, upon the officials doing their daty. At all ‘eventssomething must be doney, and tbat, too, with- out further delay. Happily t'ae -disesme in this, as well as in other localities in + whieh it has appeared, has notes yet assumed an er ‘ic foam. ‘The Board of Councilmen wae in se sven last even- ing. Several reports were. acted ov, including one from ‘the special committe on printing, which was Inid on the table. A nur Aper‘of petitiens relative t> the filthy condition of the «streets was presented, one of which excited ‘ibe iro of Councilmen Cono- ver and Clancey. We refer to the reports of the re- marks of these geritlemon. They will astonish moat of our city readers. COMM EROTAL MATYECS. There was a further decline in common and infe- rier brands of State, flour yesterday, with more doing | for export. The falling off was equal to 12}c. a 250, 4 per barrel, while good fancy and extra brands, being in light supply, were supported at about former prices. Theze \gere increased purchases for export. The aggregate mzles of flour reached between 16, 000 and 20,00 barrels, a considerable portion of whieh was keught for shipment. There was no alteration to motice in grain. .Freights to Liverpool were active and firmer. The shipments included about 60,000 bushels of grain, and about 8,000 bar- tels of flour, at a slight. advance in rates. Cotton continged firm, at an advance of jc.on Monday’s prices, and in some cases jc. was claimed in favor of sellers. : The Whig Prees and the Whig Party, North and South—What is to be Done ¥ For the edification of our readers, respecting tie present whereabouts and the future inten- tions of the whig party of the North and the whig party of the South, we publish ihis morn- ing several extraets from leading whig news- papers,*and one from a Southern democratic organ, which will serve to throw considerable light upon the subject. The Petersburg (Va.) Intelligencer, disg with the free soil and abolition propensi the Northern whigs, as developed upon the Ne- braska bill, proposes a convention of the whigs of the Southern States for the purpose of shap- ing out their prisciples and policy as an inde- pendent sectional organization. The Savannah Georgian (democratic) thinks the Southern whigs ought to. act upon this suggestion by all means. Perhaps Mr. Toombs and Mr. Stephens think so, too, as the most respectable way of getting a snug and cozy corner in the reorganization of the democratic party. Per contra, the Buffalo Courier reads an instructive lesson to the Virginia revolu- tionist. The Boston Courier (Websterian,) proposes a national cohesion of the whigs, North and South, upon the great principle of the restoration of the Missouri compro- mise. A writer in the Boston tlas suggests a grand Northern anti-slavery organisation, in- cluding whigs, free soilers proper, abolitioni: and all such fF9% Lowell Journal, like the Vir- ginia mutineer, with an eye directly to busi- ness, proposes & grand mass convention of the whigs of Massachusetts, and of all others ad- vocating the restoration of the Missouri com- promise and other anti-slavery movements, with the view ofclearing the track for 1856. From these widely-separated and revolution- ary views and recommendations of the North- ern versus Southera whig journals, it is easy to foresee that the reunion of the whig party o&the two sections is absolutely out of the question. The Boston Courier, which may possibly entertain some shadowy hopes in be- half of Mr. Everett, still pleads for the har- monizing of the whigs on both sides of Mason and Dixon’s line, and thinks thata satisfactory reunion may be effected upon the principle of the repeal of the Nebraska bill, But if he has nothing better to submit as a peace-offering to his late Southern brethren, he may as well pro- ceed at once tothe mustering of the grand overwhelming anti-slavery party elsewhere suggested in the North. And from the very fact that not one solitary whig, not even a Presi- dential whig candidate of the North, could be found in Congress bold enough to vote for the Nebraska bill—the fact that Mr. Clayton was miseing, and Mr. Everett absent upon every test vote upon the bill in the Senate, ought to satisfy the Boston Courier, as it has satisfied the Virginia whig editor, that the line between the slave Siates and the free States is the fu- ture Southera boundary of the great mass of the Northern whig party, whatever party shape, name, or organization it may next assume, Truly has one of our Northern whig cotem- poraries said, that his party “is in a transition state.” So it is ; andas there is not the least visible prospect of its reconciliation with the Southern half of the party, the question which must be met is simple enough. What will the Northern whigs do? The leading Seward organs in this State flatly propose a now party organ. ization, ofa purely sectional pattern, resting upon the abolition corner stone of eternal hos- tility to Southern slavery. This is the project of Seward, of Hale, of Giddings, of Chase, of Benjamin F. Butler, and of others, whigs, Van Buren democrats and‘free democrats,” ag far as their views have been ascertained. The red hot Massachusetts abolitionists, of the infidel stamp, such as Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Theodore Parker, and Abby Folsom, have not ex- pressed their opinions very fully upon the holy alliance, of which Thurlow Weed, Grecley, and their more immediate Seward associates, are so much enamored. But the separation of the whigs of the South from their late unnatural union with the Northern whigs, will leave no other alternative to the latter than a coalition with all the available anti- elements of the Northern States. The Savannah Georgian is doubtless in- spired with the idea that the reorganization of the democratic party, its platform, principles and measures, will be dictated by the democrats of the South, and so shaped as to invite the Sonthern whigs ton foston with the m ogains tional avery their ee mbined ‘tnemies of the North. This may ¥,e accdmplisted, for where else can the Sou’ ,hern whigs bestow themselves in the event of a sectional campaign? And what can the } forthern whigs, or free soilers, or abolitionist do, single hunded, against this alliance of the South? Nothing. They can only make a for- midable opposition by the gezeral enti-clavery coalition proposed by the Seward organs. We are, therefore, constrained to conclude that the recommendations of the Petersburg Intelli- gencer foreshadow a fusion of the whigs and democrats of ihe South upon the basis of the reconstruction of the democratic party, leaving the administration and tts Northern free soil affiliations and associations entirely out uf the estimate. The Southern whigs cannot be ex- pected to form a junction with any party which will recognize at its head and front an adminis- tration which has repudiated the hest Union whigs and demecrats of the country. And as the whig party of the Soath, upon an independ- ent footing, may command the balance of power, in a general election, the only question remaining to the. Southern democracy is whether they shall prefer the weakness of the administration to the substantial strength of the Southern whigs, The latter :party, at all events, have cut loose from ‘their Northern brethern ; and if the Southern -natienal demmo- -eracy are wise, they will not lose the oppor- tunity for.an alliance, offensive and defensive, against the disunion agitators of the North and the South. On the other hand, we repeat, that in our judgment it is ‘perfectly ridiculous on tke part of the Boston Courier to be talking: ofa re- conciliation among the whigs onboth sides of the slavery line of division,upon the question of repealing the Nebraska bill. Upon that issue, the Southern whigs would be so mach good am- munition thrown away. No! The Seward organs in this and other States have indicated the fa- ture policy of the mass of the Northern whigs, It is such an anti-slavery alliance as will make the next Presidential election a viclent and embittered sectional fight. The whigs of the South are, then, right in moving fer an inde- pendent Southern whig organization; and if the Southern national democracy understand their true interests, they will appreciate the policy of a bold and magnanimous plan of union, such a plan as will not only secure the hearty co- operation and alliance of the national Southern whigs, but of all men, North and South, devoted to the principles of the Union and the constitu- tion, and the continued expansion of the power, the prosperity and the institutions of the re- public. Old parties and platforms‘are worn out and defunct. New -parties are coming into life. The anti-slavery elements of all the North are nding to a general coalition, and they can only be overthrown by a new, consistent, homoge- neous national union party. Let the adminis- tration and its party go down. The Union must be saved. Hicnty Important Investication.—We are informed from Washington that a telegraphic despatch published in the Heraxp, on the 6th inst., from that city, has been the cause of much uneasiness on the part of certain worthy gentlemen there, who, not satisfied with taking the goods the Gods provide without question, are extremely desirous of finding out how our correspondents obtain correct informa- tion of all that is going on at the capital. We republish the despatch, as it seems to interest the Senste Committee on Foreign Relations:— Wasmnaton, June 5, 1864. We have learned some particulars which are of in- terest, of the proceedings at the meeting of Senators and members called by the President last week, to: consult upen the Cuban question. In the early part of the week the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Senate had Slidell’s resolutions under consideration,” Prakide: that it would neithendpomtion’ of the Senate, in it capacity of an advisory branch of the Executive, to take the initiative in sny proceedings which might be deemed advisable against Spain; that the constitution devolved the duty and the responsibility of conducting our foreign affairs upon the President; and, therefore, until he made a.specifle requost, the’ responsivility rested with bim. Under this view of the case, the com mittee determined not to recommend the passage of Mr. Slidell’s resolutions at this time. The following morning the [resident Toquested the attendniuce of the democratic members of the Senate Commitive on Foreign Reletions, and also that of General Bayly, the Chairman of the House Committee. Upon repairing to the White House, the President told them he had determined to issue a proclamation sgainat filib ters forthwith, and upon the re-assembliog of Congre: next ee week, to send in @ meseage requesting an « propriation for the appointment of two commissione: to avsist Mr. Soulé in representing to the Spanish gover: « ment the outrages which had been committed upon gu: citizens, &c., &c., as aleeady stated in the Herain. Mr. Slidell was very inuch opposed to the issuing of a procla- mation, but Mr. Mason and Mr, Bayly seemod delighted with the idea, both these gentlemen being opposed to the acquisition of Daa: on the ground, we sfppose, that the resolutions of 98 and ’99 make no mention whatever of Cuba. Finding, however, that the President had set his heart upon the proclamation, he then insisted upon the proclamation being kept back till the measage with regard to the commission was sent in, and that the mes- tage should contain a full and clear statement of the out- regee committed by Spain, and the measure of redress sought for by our government. Of course this also failed, the President refusing: to say anything in the me turther than that he had high hopes, if 8 commission were Sprotated; its labors would be crowned with success. Feyond this nothing could be oxtracted from General Pierce. He talked, however, very fluently of his deter- mination to enforce the honor of our flag, &c., after the usual manner of Fourth of July orations, He’ also sal: that at the proper time he would request an appropria- tion to be immerted in the General ‘Appropriation bill, at the end of the session, providing that in case of the fail- ure of the commission he should be empowered, during the recess of Congress, to expend a few millions 16 adopting such steps as he might deem necessary in the emergency. We have no objections to indulge the curi- osity of the Senate or of Mr. Slidell to a reazo: 3 able extent, as to our private business arrang.# ments, if we can only be convinced it would be of any service to them. But upon mature reflection we cannot olearly see how any benefit City ImproversentesThe Way to Reduce the Rentals and Taxation of New Yerk. ‘We published some statistics the other day to show the unparalleled rapidity with which the population of New York ani it: vicinage increases, but we left untouched, for the sub- ject of another article, the consideration of the causes why in the case of the lattor the ratio of increase stfould be so much larger than in that of the city proper. It is evident, from the facts which “we then presented t the attention of our readers, that the tendency manifested by our city population to abandon the natural channels into which, in the usual order of things, it shonld flow, and to take others which are foreign both to its convenience and local in- terests, must be wwing either to sanitary con- siderations or to causes of a temporary nature, and, therefore, capable of removal. Now, no one will contend for a moment that the site upon which New York is built is less healthy or agrecable in its aspect thun that of Brook- Ayn, Williamsburg, or New Jersey. It must, therefore, be the pressure of some other equally powerful motive which drives our citizens to tix their residences in localities imconveniently situated as regards their places of business, and in winter attended with so many annoyances. What, then, is this necessity which overpowers all considerations of comfort, amusement and agreeablé society—for all these are, in a greater or less degree, sacrificed to it. Itis the necessity of escaping from the monstrous and continually increasing exactions of rapa- cious property holders, whose monopoly is up- held and encouraged by a corrupt and proili- gate system of city government, which is con- tinually ‘reversing the principle of its institu- tion, by sacrificing the interests of the commu- nity to those of individuals, Had the functionaries to whom in cruelirony we are accustomed to give a paternal appella- tion, but discharged with ordinary foresight and diligence the duties which their offices im- pose upon them, the evils to which we allude would not have attained their present magni- tude. £ngrossed by political intrigues, and eagerly watching the spoils which their parti- sanship and personal turpitude throw in their way, they never bestowed any more than a pass- ing and but too frequently an indifferent at- tention on the growing wants of the pepulation entrusted to their care. They took no pride in beautifying, ornamenting and extending the boundaries of their jurisdiction, and in bequeath- ing to posterity memorials of their civic patriot- ism and industry. They looked on compla- cently at the gradual progress of the congestion of population which has been taking place with- in a small circle of the extensive locality under their control, and they made no exertion to re- lieve it by any of the ordinary remedies em- ployed in such cases, Vast as is the unpopu- lated space into which they might have divert- ed the stream of life, they left it sterile and un- profitable, by neglecting the inducements to building afforded by the construction of newroads and avenues, and the keeping in decent repair the old ones. They were the last to open the'r eyes to the advantages of city railroads, iu bringing the upper part of the island into easy communication with the lower, and had it de- pended upon their solicitude for the interest of their constituents, Bleecker street would still have remained the ultima thule of Upper Ten- dom. It will take many years before the evils that have accrued from their gross negligence and indifference to their duties can be repaired. They have allowed the population which, under a different régime, would have diffused itself over the whole breadth and length of Manhat- tan, to find outlets for its redundancy in adjoin- ing cities, and to swe}. fhe ~~ expense. u sis Raaitenc tt 1, this impoverishment of the life blood of their own community continually progressing under thoir eyes, they even now make no efforts to remove the canses fo which this drain is to be attributed. They aresurely not incurable, as long as the sea does not invade and swallow up the unpopu- lated area of Manhattan. T8 abate the monster evil of high rents, it is clear that the only effectual palliative that can be adopted is to relieve the overcharged traffic of Broadway, by opening wide parallel streets on both sides of it, and compelling the city rail- roads to run the entire length of the island at frequent and regular intervals, The effect of these measures would be to diffuse over the gener- al surface of the city the business which main- tains the extravagant rental of particular quarters, and to ‘still further reduce the latter by increasing the inducements to remove business itself higher up town. As soon as the railroads begin to ran the entire length of the island, we will find the stream of popula- tion which is now diverted to Brooklyn and other places, set in rapidly in the former direc- tion, and thus rents, like every thing else, wili soon find their proper level. But until the pressure from without is ap- plied to the somnolent functionaries who are supposed to represent the collective wisdom of the city, we fear that little or no progress will be made towards these desirable objects. In- stead of endeavoring to multiply the facilities of communication between one part of the island and another, they are a positive clog upon the energy and enterprise of our citizens, We need only cite one fact to show how much will result from such an expose on the present occasion, and, therefore, we decline unravelling the mystery. There is no doubt the White House is leaky from the cellar to the garret, and if Mr. Slidell was an Eastern instead of a Southern man, he might venture to guess at the authority without troubling the Senate Committee to investigate the exceedingly im. portant secret. We trust the Senate will not repeat their proceedings’ adopted after we published the Gadsden treaty. They then appointed a Special Committee to investigate the circum- stances and determine whether Mr. Marcy, Ge- neral Almonte, the President, or the Senate, furnished us with a copy of that document. After intense application the committee re- ported they could not find out anything about it, but that they had ordered a number of cir- culars, neatly printed, with emall type, calling upon each Senator to declare upon his word of honor whether he had given the Henaxp the treaty or not. We have taken some pains to learn, but up to the present time we are unable to announce that a single Senator has been brought tothe confessional in consequence of the circulars. As for Mr. Slidell we rather like him, and, therefore, trust for his own sake he will aban- don the attempt ta find out how we get our in- formation, and turn his attention to a solution of some of tho easier problems of Euclid, as likely to produce more successful results, and build him up a more enduring monument of fame. behind they are in all the requirements of their duties. The Hudson River Railroad retained & privilege of making a third track, running slow trains to the end of the island, but they never availed themselves of it. When pressed by the persons residing above Thirty-tiret street to run hourly trains, at stops of aout a mile each, they replied that they were exceed- ingly desirous of doing #0, and that as soon as the city councils gave directions to that effect they would be happy to comply with the wishes of the requisitionists. The city councils have, however, gone to sleep on the subject, and as some small legislation is necessary to enable the company to carry the plan into ex- ecution, we presume that it will remain in statu quo until they are waked up by the in- dignant remonstrances of the citizens. The Sixth and Lighth Avenue Railroads possess enormously valuable privileges, and they should be compelled to complete their roads forthwith to the extreme limits secured in their charter, and to run cars from each ex- tremity every five minutes, from 6 A. M. to7 P.M.; every fifteen minutes from 7 P. M. to 10 P. M.; balf hourly from 10 P.M, to mi night, aud hourly from that time to 6 A. M. If these regulations were strictly enforced, it is certain that rents for tenements in the lower part of the city would soon be reduced to their proper level, and that the sums abstracted from our local taxation, by the fact of our merchants carrying on their business in one place and residing in another, would be ex- pended on their logitimate objects, agz—Among ‘the many foolish propositions which have been laid before C’sngress this ees- Prorogep IncRgsse OF THE Rates, op Post- sion, none seems more utterl'y absurd than that to increase the rates of “setter postage. The question is perfectly si"ple. On the one hand, the postal revenue falls short of the expendi- ture by some two millions annually: on the other, a privileze of franking matter for the mails is enjoyed by members of Congress and of the Senati, and is used by them to snch an extent, that if the franked matter were to pay the usual rates there would probably be a sur- plus instead of a deficiency in the department. It seerss to us that the most superficial glance at there two facts ought to suggest the proper course to be pursued. If it be essential to the interests of the country that members should be permitted to correspond with their constitu- ents and distribute Congressional documents, free of expense, the burthen should be borne by the State and not by the people individually. The postage on these letters and decuments should be reguiarly levied and charged to the account of Coagress and the Senate, just in the same way as the pay and mileage of members. The postal account weuld then appear in a pro- pet light, and as we mentioned above,we think it likely that it would show a surplus. Thisis the plan adopted in many foreign countries, and if it ‘has no other advantage, it shows at all events to what extent the franking privilege {s used, and what the letter writing propensities of our re- presentatives cost‘us. To our mind, this point is worth ascertaining. A knowledge of the facts might lead to a judicious scheme for cur- tailing the franking privilege and thus effect- ing a considerable economy to the Department. Without reference to this, however, it is obvi- ously preposterous to talk of increasing the rates of letter postage in this country. Three cents are quite enongh to pay for a letter from here to Boston: and as statistics show that by far ‘the larger proportion of letters are mailed at a ‘place not far from their destfnation, we cannot “agree ‘that, in relation to the cost of transport of merchandise and other commodities, we pay too little for our letters. It -would be more reasonable to advocate a reduction than an in- crease of the tariff. The British people pay about two cents for their letters: we see no reason why we should be more heavily taxed than they. Ifno.one have the sense to propose the plan we suggest, the two million deficieacy must be provided for by a special appropriation renewed every year. In no event onght it be made the pretext of an additional tax on the people in the shape of increased rates of postage, and we are therefore glad that the proposed bill has been laid.on the table. = - Moprrications or THE Tanrry.—The Commit- tee of Ways and Means have, after:much discus- sion, manpfactured a tariff on the basis of Mg Guthrie’s suggestions in his report. It is mot calculated to reduce materially the annual re- venue from this source, its estimated product being somewhere about forty-five millions. It would have been more liberal, probably, had the administration contemplated fewer land- jodbing schemes, or abandoned the plan of set- ting up foreign usurpers with our money. With these sources of expenditure in view, the com- mittee have been compelled toretain many du- ties which even Mr, Guthrie proposed to sur- render. Thus, sugar and hemp will continue, under the reported bill, to pay twenty per cent, and raw silks and eome other articles used in manufuctories topay alike tax. What necessity there was for con tinuing to burthen the people with these impacts, tho committe’~ soport Will probably expla» - *¢ will be for that body to pnt its seasons in as forcible a light as possible, or the scheme will meet with but little favor at the hands of the people. Wines and liquors are to be taxed one hundred per cent, asatpresent. We have taken several opportu: nities of pointing ont the superior merits of specific over ad valorem duties in this branch of the tariff: and we had hoped that the committee would have recognized the principle. A general specific tax on wineswould be more effectual in preventing the sale of bad liquors than all the Maine laws in the world. Altogether, from the sketch of the committee’s report we have seen, it does not promise much. It is founded neither on a protection nor a free trade basis. It purports to reduce the rates of duties paid by the people, but is calculated to produce a revenue falling but littleshort of our present one. It pretends to favor our manu- facturing interests, but taxes raw materials and articles which are largely consumed for manu- facturing purposes. It starts with the notion of relieving the people, but, so far as we can seo, the diminutions it effects'are not applicable to commodities of prime necessity among the peo- ple. The fact is, the scheme for reducing the revenue from customs duties was broached be- fore the Mexican treaty came home, before the purchase of Cuba assumed a tangible shape, before the schemes of corruption nursed by the Pierce Cabjnet were born; and therefore was feasible. Now that every man at Washington either has his hand in the public chest or wants to get it there, to talk of diminishing its con- dition of the territory west of the Mississippi ‘The reports of Major Long and Colonct mont, and the travels of Lewis and Clark, com | tain much interesting information, but they accessible to only afew. The publication to-day is, therefore, interesting for many sone, and it deserves a careful perusal. Marine Affairs, . The United States mail steamship Hermann sails to-day’ for Southampton and Havre, with 180 passengers $700,000 specie. Lauxcnrs,—Mr. Edward Williams will launch from bis yard, at Greenpoint, to-day, at twoo’clock, the 8. R. Allen, of three hundred tons burthen. She is in- tended for the Boston and Richmond trade, and will be, under the command of Cupt. Obed Baker, Jun. The new bark Clara, seven hundred and fifty tons,_ built by Thomas Stack, Esq., Williamsburg, for Messrs. ‘Waheman, Damon & Co., will be launched at ‘hree o’c! this afternoon. Nablo’s Garden—The Green Monster. The smusing and popular pantomime of the “Green Monster” was performed at Niblo’s last night for the first: tinre this season. Although, as our reajers are aware, the capacity of the house has been greatly enlarged, ite ‘Wan crowded to its utmost extent, and presented a really> brilliant appearance. The story of tho pantomime is se well known that it is unnecessary to. repeat it; and it has undergone no material alteration since it was last per formed. Harlequin is still the hero, and the: friendship of the Green Monster for him has suffered no ehango. Roralie loves him as much as ever; and-proves her affec- tion by clinging to him with all her former tenacity, im: spite ef the opposition of her father, and the designs of” tho white knight; and the whole ends as every love story should end, with the happy union of the constamt pair, and the total discomfture of their enemies. The white. knight is devoured by a huge fish, which bears on its. back the Green Monster. Rosslic and Haglequin are> transported to the realms of bliss, and the curtain falls: upon a scene which is dazzling in {ts brilliancy. The transformations are perfect in every paaticular,and+ well calculated to deceive the closest scrutiny, while the - scenery rivals in its gorgeousness anything that we have ever read of eastern magnificence or-splendor. All the Ravels, with the exception of Gabriel, appear in. this pantomime, which, we understand, will be repeated for- the benefit of those who have not: yet seen tt. In addi- tion to the ‘Green Monster,’’ the ballot pantomime of the: “Elopement,”’ composed by Jerome Ravel, was performed. Friai of John Cavanagh, one: of ‘the Excise Commissioners of Brooklyn, for Misde--, meanor in Granting Licenses.to Improper Persons. ‘ KINGS COUNTY COURT OF OYER AND TERMINER. tents would be absurd, and therefore this scheme has been devised. Our Western Possesstons—Imporrant Par- TICcULARS ConcerninG THE Naw Terrrrortms.— We publish in to-day’s Heratp a most impor- tant document. Immediately after we had become satisfied that the Nebraska bill would become a law, we secured the services of an intelligent gentleman, at present a citizen of St. Louis. He is fully posted up upon all matters appertaining to the Western country, and has personally inspected the vast expanse of coun- try bounded by the British possessions on the north, the Rocky Mountains on the west, the Mississippi river on the east, and Mexico on the south. We give to-day his carefully prepared state- ment of the geography, geology, products and boundaries of this territory, and more particu- larly referring to Nebraska and Kansas. His statements are drawn from his own observation, and the reports of experienced travellers who preceded him. The paper will be found highly interesting,to all persons. It is written ina clear, unaffected, yet eloquent style, and the facts are so plainly stated that any person may understand them. To those enterprising citi- zens who intend to take up their residence in the new territories, it affords a complete chart. The remarks of our correspondent touching the action of Colonel Benton, and the aboli- +tionict scheme for the colonization of Nebraska | and Kansas, are worthy the attention of all | those who by ignorance may be led into joining | with such enthusiasts as the philosophers of the Trivune and the Garrisonian clique at Boston. , Heretofore but very little was known by the inhabitants of the Eastern States as to tho gon- Before Judges Rockwell and Moove, and Justices Stilwell and Stryker. SECOND DAY—VERDICY AGAINST THE DEFENDANT. Juve 16.—The Court s:sembled at the usual hour, and Mr. Eanxay, one of the counsel for the defence, made his: cpening argument to the jury, in which he contended that it was no offence against the law to grant a pense, and held that it was merely an error of. judgment, if any- offence at all had been committed. Unless corraption or- alice was shown in connection with the charge as mado, the defendant was entitled to an acquittal. EVIDENCE FOR DEFENCE. ‘Wm. Gubbins sworn—Resides at the corner of Colum- bia and Amity streets: have lived there for four years sell liquor, and sometimes drive a cart on the dock, i - Q. How long pavers been licensed? Objected to, and allowed by the Court. A. Have been licensed for three yeara; since June. 185i; made an application for leense last’ year; I had- ‘three rooms on front floor—a bar-room, a sleting room. and bedroom; there are two lange windows fronting: Amity street, and large windows in each side of the door on Columbia street; there are three beds in ‘and two beds on the floor; I rented. house; one bed a. stable from mn; have room for six borsea; I am an able bodié®#mn; at the time I procured license there were no taverns between my place and Atlantic: street, hat side of the way. Cross mined—I am an oecasional customer of Cava- nagh; fumily consists of myself aml wife; have not dealt with Cavanagh ever since I commenced keeping tavern; my house is between thirty and forty feet long, between nine and ten fect wide, an. thirteen or fourteen feet high; have no rooms fitteé in attic—first floor is over nine feet; a smalk boy slept in the attic for some time; get up by rieaus of a movable step ladder; I built aw additions: room to the rear of the nouse about twenty months ago ; the middle room is over twolve feet in dimeasions—the tur room about fifteen fevt ; in the middle room I keep a. hed ; my wife and xelf sleep there; the back room is cecupied a8 a kitchen ; the kitchen is not lathed and plastered ; never seen Cavanagh in my bouse; the two bees besides the one in which wife ani myself sleep are straw and feather bers ; the atable is thirty or thirty five yards from the house, on Patchen’s alley ; I’ve hadh a stable over two years ; itis sufficient to accommodate. thre Fl hist 8B Seg pass by once in a while ; don’t ~ how muny groshops are about the neighborhood ; my houce- used to be called the ‘Columbia Cottage,” But the storm blew it down and I never put it up again ; do noe enteriain pic-nio or military companies ; keep mo eare ago: ray wine cellar is kept undee the counter Ki Hilliker sworn—Reside corner of Snith ang Columbia streets; know Mr. Gubbins; have bem ‘ace quainted with him for some 3am a Commi 7 of Excise in the Sixth ward; Mr. Crampton was my prde- cessor; I wan on Gubbins) premises yesterday; T hug deen in offs since January; there is a bar-room, anotie. room, and a kitchen bebind; they are clean and neat; r is good; what . saw a stable; all I hear of his cl know of him I got from Alderman Mulligan; think there is u good deal of travel from the shij neg along there; have lived in Brooklyn five years; the travel in- creased, and pores also. Cross-examined—The character of the population ie. about middling, there are but few of the th set;”? im the immediate vicinity of this place there are houses and. stores all full of tenants; on the other side there are a grocery, liquor, and a boot store; I sold liquor last year, but do not now. to examine John Cramp- a Counsel for defence bd tec ton, pne of the parties indicted, who was objected to the District atte =f as incom) it. Counsel held that: na one but Cavs waa on trial, and Crampton could. be called up a8 a witness. ‘The Court stated that his name appeared on the record of the indictment, and therefore he was not competent, ron taken to the ruling and noted.] james De Revere recalled—The Commissioners for each. ward receive the 4 sft and present them to the Buard; Mr. Cavanagh presented most of Crampton’s ap- Plications; Cavanagh has been @ Commissio: yearn. Peter R. Hegeman recalled—Q. Who erally zeport- edon Spneancas + A. The etameoee ce rentvad them; the Board never adjourned to my knowledge and proceeded in s body to examine the place; the Commis-. siouers of the ward made the examination themselves and reported. Mr. Waring, of counsel for the defence, summed up for the defendant. He expressed surprise that the dsfend- ant should have been brought before the court of Oyer and terminer, when the jail was full of incarcerated crimicels awaiting trial, and hurried up on a day too, which had long sin e been fixed by the Commissioners for a meeting of the Board. He thought the object wae. ulterior to what appeared upon the face, being no more than # crusade upon the rights of sworn officers of the law by fanatics to deter them from domg their duty. He called attention to .the organization of the Board which is constituted of a representative from each ward of the city, who meet together,—the clerk of the Common. Council acting a8 secretary—to transact their just and timate duties. It appeared that on the 13th aay of July, 1858, Mr. Gubbins, a person heretofore locnsed. two or three years ia enccession, presented his applica- wae a tave en Heese, and oe itty customary certificate, that he was provided wi' e@ necessary secommodations as required by law. This was sworn to, and the jury have the evidence before them of one who testifics that it was the practice to refer applications to ich it was made, as a ner for two the member of the ward from which it ‘was couridere! more hee od ge | go Juegs ag to the quali- fications than the assembied wisdom of the whole Board. ‘bis particular application was referred to Commissioner. Pag my who reported in favor and the Bourd adopted it. ‘ere a matier to be reperted to the Common Coun- cilasa nuisance vy, & member and they should, on his order ite abatement, would it be just. should be indicted, if it were subse- ly that it was no nuisance, because of the mistake or wilful misrepresentation of one man? I hold not. Mr. Waring held that ir eay one, Mr. Gubbins was the party to prosecute. He made oath when lifting his e that he had the acoommoda- ind the Commissioners had no business to go be-- @ record. If Gubbins had not necessary ac- commodations he committed perjury, if he was the real offender, {hen why arraign the defendant, that faith— ful public servant, that honest man. the tors re y pee tas aes er we public at bert why did they not mi to beseen You must. dereliction of duty in Wh ea ihe, right but still raved. 0 knew ai Wrong pu . ‘The jury must be convinced that he defendant willing) and corruptly granted a license to Gubbins. . It will be contended by District Attorney that Ca-- vanegh lived within a short distance from these Premises, and might have krown what they ‘were; bat it is in evidence that he never saw thom, never was on them, and knew not about them. From. the District Attorney’s questions, his notion of a tavern is that it must be farnished with splendid beds, damask curtains, Brussels carpets, and all the paraphernalia of* ® palace; but the law requires only by pp = accom- modationa to travellers. Taverns and hotels are two different things. An inn or tavern fs for theaccommoda tion of weary travellers; and now, in point of fact, had not this man the necessary accomt tions for travel- Jers: and be they | heed or small, must necessarily find for the defendant, The question was that the Com- missioners should be satisfied that Gubbins bad the no- coseary accompodation; and to obtain this inforination, it was competent to take the word of a respectable man. Tt was noi required to examine witnerses under oath to ascertain whether the applicant was a competeat man to keep n or tavern: ani, therefore, the Commissioners might easily have been misled or mistekon. Mr. Waring conel his remarks by obs ‘that this was a mat. tor of serious punaequence, and ht ligve the effent of”