The New York Herald Newspaper, June 15, 1854, Page 1

WHOLE NO; 6504. THE NEW — - va L oO ww KR a. MORNING EDITION—THURSDAY, JUNE 15, 1854. NEWS BY TELEGRAPH. | The Commercial Reciprocity Treaty with the Pritish Provinces. ITS POSTPONEMENT BY THE SENATE. ‘The Long Expected Message of the President on Spanish Affairs, THE ADJOURNMENT OF CONGRESS, ‘Rieetion of State Officers in New Hampshire, ke ko From Washington, “THE FISHERY AND RECIPROCITY TREATY—MR. LA- THAM ON CUBAN AFFAIRS—MORE ABOUT THE EX- PECTED MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT, ETC. Wasurnaron, June 14, 1854. There will probably be more difficulty in the ratifica- ‘tion of the treaty just concluded between Mc Marcy and Lord Eigin, with regard to the fisheries and reciprogat ‘trade, than was anticipated by that worthy gentleman, “Dut not porticularly astute diplomatist, Mr. Francis -Hincks, when he left this city the other lay. Apart from the fact that it is entirely too illiberal to command the sunction of the Senate in its present shape, it is provided that after the Senate shall ratify it, it shall then be sub- amitted to the English Parliament and the Colonial Parlia- ments. Weare very much mistaken in our estimate of Mr. Mason, the able and distingni-hed chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, if he will agree toany such termsas to submit the proceedings of tho United States Senate to the approval or rejection of the petty colonialassemblies, The idea is absprd on its face: Plt is provided in the treaty that it shall be submitted to the Senate and to the British government, and to the Colonial Parliaments, and if it passes all these ordeals, ‘then the House of Representatives is to be called upon rto amend the tariff so ax to allow the articles enumerated in the treaty to be entered free of duty. It is believed here that when the treaty is sent to the Senate it will at once be referrcd to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and that the Committee will not at- tempt to make any report upon it until after the colo- «pista and the British government have comin itted them. selves upon the matter. When thatis done, the treaty can be taken up by the Senate and properly amented, There is not the slightest necessity for haste, and it can ‘hold over without detriment till next session, especially ‘as the fishing season is over ‘The meeting of delegates is to take place at Quebec, ‘Dut the time of meeting has not yet been determined upon. Mr. Latham, of California, made # vigorous and healthy spec’ in the House to-day upon the Cubs ques- ‘tion and rights of neutrals. He very properly ridiculed ‘the Buncombe resolutions and vaporing about our rights, which, under this administration, appears to have taken tthe place of bold acts and manly deeds. Mr. Latham, although in favor of the acquisition of Cuba, believes hat our govornment can more readily buy than conquer it. We have no opinion of the courage of our government at the present time, and, therefore, do not doubt the gentlewan from California is correct in his preference. Mr. Latham’s speceh was listened to with great atten- tion, and is regaded as giving evidence of abilities of no common order, The youngest member of the House, representing the most youthful State of the confeteracy, he has {o day cone both himself and his State credit. The friends of the administration talk very lustily about the decided stand which General Pierce “is going’ to take on the Cuba question. There has been xo muc ducking and filling, however, not only upon this eubject, but upon every other, that no confidence can be placed in any declaration which either the President or his Cabinet may make. Although a message has been drawn up, announcing the appointment of the ‘ Pence Commis- sion’’—denouncing the Africanization project_of Spaia, and calling upon Congress to adopt some immediate steps toempower the President to act decidedly in the mat- ¢er—yot, until it is actually sent to Congress, no one bere Delieves there is amy certainty that it will not be ulti- mately suppressed, or, at all events, emasculated, THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS. FI&ST SESSION, Senate, Wasuincton, June 14, 1854, “CHARGR MADE BY THE UNION NEWSPAPER AGAINST MR. OLAY- TON. Mr. Cravroy, (whig) of Del., made a personal explana- ‘tion an to nn article in the Union of this morning. charg. ing him with inconsistency on the subjest of allowing aliens to vote in the Territories, Mr. C. said the Union -eharged him with inconsistency in opposing that part of the Nebraska bill allowing aliens to vote, while he voted for the compromice bill of 1848, which allowed the same thing. He then explained bis action in 1843, and con- tended that on the question of allowing aliens to vote his course bad been always uniform. ‘THK JUDICIAL BYSTEM. Mr. Gw x, (dem.) of Cal., gave notice of a bill amenting ‘the judiciol system, by establishing anedditional circuit, ‘THK WORK OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Mr: Peance, (whig) of Md., reported a bill distribating ‘the settlement cf claims and accounts among the ac- counting officers of the Treasury, The bill makes it the duty of the Second Auditor to settle all accounts, &c., of ‘the Interior Department; the Third Auditor, the a ints of the War Department; the Fourth Auditor the ac- counts of the Navy Department; the Fifth Auditor, tae accounts of the State Department. Ali other claims and ac- counts, except thore of the Pott Office Department, by the First Auditor. All accounts, &e , of Collectora gnd other ‘officers of the customs to be revised and controlled by ‘the Commissioners of Customs. Audits of the First and Fifth Auditors to be revised by the First C mptroller. Audits of the other Auditors to be revised by the Second Comptroller. All unsettled accounis to be transferre] to the proper aecounting officers, provided by this bill on the first of July. All claims upon the Uniled Siates here- after, coming under the supervision of any of the meuts, sbsil, before the yayment, be adjusted re- ported upon by the proper Auditor and re-examined aud pacsed by the proper Comptroller. The bill farther pro- vices that all disbursing officers and all o‘hers having public monies in their bands st render accounts monthly or quarterly, as required and on ‘silure to do so for ten days after the prescribed time, the (ecretary is authorived to impose a fine not exceeding $500 for each failure. The same to be charge! 10 the officer failing to account. FUTURE TIME OF ADJOURNMENT. Mr. Dovar As, (dem.) of Ill, offered a resolution amend - ing the joiat rules of the two Houses, providing that tue ‘Hrst session of every future Congress shall adjourn at 32 o'clock M., on the first Monday in May. Laii over. “COLD MEDAL PREVENTED BY THE KING OF SWEDEN TO LIZvT. MAURY. Mr. Gwin, (dem. of Cal.) from the Naval Committee, seported it resolution, giving the consent of Con. seen to the somanes, by Lieut. M. F. Maury, of a gold ‘medal presented him by the King of Sweden. The bill regulating the pay of deputy postmusters was i aty postms returned from the Howse wih the. Sonate amendmeats was concurred in, and ‘the bill passed. a THE HOMESTEAD BILL. Mr. Warwer, (dem.) of Wis., said he was authorized dy several friends of the estead bill, to say they ‘Would insist upon making it a special order from day to day till disposed of. Also, that would endeavor to have action on the vetoed opens ine THE ADJOURNMENT OF CONGRESS. The House resolution providing for the adjournment of #6 on the 14th of Aunust was then taken up, . Gwin, (dem.) of Cal, moved to amend pb: striking out the 14th of August, and inserting from July 17 to ber 16, Mr, Huwtee (dem.) of Va., 0} Mr, Gwin’s amend- ment. He palitened the resolu ion at it came from the House. He thought, however, the snbjet might be laid over for a while. ‘Mr. Gwin said the opinion of the House hat changed since the resolution was paseed. He believed it would now rgrec toa recess. Mr, Toootns, (whig) of Ga., said if the House was wdlis- xl to have @ recess, it could take up the Senate's reso- Titian sind pase i ‘Mr. Rox, (dem.) of Texas, hoped the resolution (if it parse’) providing for a reeves would declare mem ere not egususled to per diem daring the recess. That was the ob: jection to ut in the Mouse. Mr. Daweow, (whig) of Ga,, said, by the sot of 1819, ¥ one session of Congress extended to within ten daye of amended; and if the House would not agree to it, the fera‘e could recede. Mr- Crayton said no amendment to this reeolation could ehange any, law respecting either mileage or pec cier If beth houses sgrevd to have a recess titl October, those matters could be arranged by a separate bill Mr. Wavams, (“em ) of Wis., was oppose i to Oxing any uy for an solovrnment until something definite was dove reepectisg the Homestend bill Mr. Hovstoy, viem ) of Texas, advocated the resolu- tion us it came frm the House ‘The question waw taken on Mr. Gwix's amendment, fund it was agreed to, Yeas 27-—naye 16, a9 follows:— Yeas —Morers As) inom Bad Bayard, Bell, Brith Brodhead, Clay ton, * Dawson. Dedge of Wis. Dodes of lows, Femencen Poot. Geyer Gillette, Gwi onros, Poa tt tian, SHidell lohnaon, NJ Henter Mason, hicids, Stuart, Thompecn of Ky Mr. WALKER moved to postpone the resolution till next Monday werk. Lost 18 to 30. Mr. Sruanr, (dem ) of Mich., moved that it lic onthe table. Lost—yeas 16, naya 26. ‘The resolution as amended was passed by yoas 25, pays 16, THE HOUR OF MEETING. Mr. Houston moved to take up his resolirtion, that hereafter the Senate meet daily at 11 o'clock. ‘The motion Was agreed to. Yeas 26, nays 29: Messrs. Clayton, BapGER and I'kaRck, oppoo.d the re olution. Mecers. Pratr and Houston supported it. ‘Ihe resolution was rejected, Yeas 20, nays 26. After a brief Executive sessicn, the Senate adjourned, House of Representatives. Wasuincton, June 14, 1854, The House went into Committce of the Whole on the Goneral Appropriation bill. ‘THE PACIFIC RAILROAD, fir. roors, (dem.) of 8. C., opposed as unconstity tioual the g.anting of lauds for cOustruction of tae work —the constitution contemplating a disposition of th public domain ‘nsuch a manner as will insure to thr Denefit of all the States, Sixcrxton, (dem.) of Miss., severely commented on the course of Mr. Filmore for having disgracefully sub- mitted to the conduct on the part of Spain relative to Cuban affairs. A new pariy has come into power, and Mr. Pierce has given ample guarantees that no filt. bustering scheme will be encouraged or tolerated by him. Our course, so far from being hostile to Spaio, has exhi- Dited marked forbearance. He enumerated vatlous cases of outrege by the Spanich authorities, contending that the execution of Crittenden snd bis companions Was in direst violation of treaty stipulations between the two governments. He would demand instant indemnity for outrages, and assurances that these things shall not be rej eated, and that a tribunal shall >¢ established in Cuba, witb pewer to settle disputes which may hereafter arise. Sheuld Spain refuse these propositions, so just and rea- sonable in their ebaracter, he would favor bring- ing all the power of the ‘United States to block- ade every Cuban port and take possession of the island. Itwas not the duty of this government to conciliate Spain, the only hope of the Culrane being in the chivalry of the citizens of the United Stutes. He predicted the time will come when Cubans wiil be free. Mr. Lavmam, (c¢m.) of Cal., said in the midst of our general prosperity, the business community has been startled by various resolutions offered here by gentlemen who have paic attention to our foreiga relations, and in whore keeping and overruling providence have been con- fided the doctrines of this great people. Our new leaders, bowover, have given them inspiration in the form of in quiry, not even making soggestions. They prefer the Soeratic method of questions and answers. There is, unfortunately, one thing which operates as a drawback. ‘There are tco many teachers who slightly vary in the doctrines they would inculcate ; therefore it is dificult to determine who are the orthodox, aud who the false teachers, As abeliover in manifest destiny, he wanted the course clear and explicit. He wished not only to see the pcint arrived at, but the way which leads to It. As to our fore gn relations, he first invited otteation to the preseut prosperous condition of this country, and then toid he saw no reason why we should assert what we intend to dohereatter. If the world has not the eagacity to sce it, it woukd not be becoming to pro- claim our future intentions, The misfortune is, we have too many great men whose puerient ambition stops at nothing, and whose “longing after immortality” is never satiaged till they see their names in print. If they have not suflicient inventive skill to originate new mensures, they dress up old ones to answer their pur- pores. Resolutions bave been introduced relative to the rights of neutrals. ‘There are but few reflecting men who do not fully understend this subject. Woe have acted up to our professions herctofore, and the world has given vs erecit fo Wo have acted out the principles cf our forefathers, and the world has applauded us for it. fo, now that England and France know we will wipe stain they may attempt to stamp on our escut- cheon, why efivin what nobody doubts! He hud no doubt’ we will continue to occupy cur high position in the eyes of foreign nations, and that we will aseert our bts, and maintain them at all harorde, Tho war of 1812 affords evidence of that fact. Sinco then our po- pulation and national rescurces have doubled, and we are able to defend ourselves from whatever quarter assailed. If the present war in Evrope shall continue for any length of tine, good sense on th» part of the contending pations will dictate such a course of policy towards us as will avoid apy future wisunderstanding between us. Ali we ask is a strict observance of the rights of neu- trals. As to the other set of resolutions, introduced here, he admitied our relations with Spain are delicate. We have no itea any nation but Spain will hold Cuba, which fs in the condition of a Spanish plantation, badl worked for the proprie‘or. In the course of time, it wil come under the hammer. Woean pay asufiicient amount to remove the mortgage; but, at the same time, wo will not allow any other notion to bid for it. In the’ case of accicent, or death of the present ewner, we will enter as administrators in the csiete; but he did not wish to be understood as desiring to make a forcible entry, 80 long as Spain maintains friendly relations and does not use it as an inconvenience to our property. Let Spain do with it aa she ploases, we have no right interfere; but if she attempts to lay it waste to spite us, and make it a nuisance because we desire its acquisition, then let us entera complaint and abate the nuisance. Let this, however, be done peaceably, without noise and Ulostor. ‘The island of Cuba is desirable as promotive of our commerce, the protection of our property, and to | restore friendly relations now separated by sectional ani- mosities, If we attempt to acquire Caba by an unjust war with Spain, it will endeavor, to render the island valueless by a violent change in its social condition. She inay determine to eet her slaves at liberty that they may avenge themselves on the Creoles, who desire annexation to this country. We should not resort to force until we are preparcd to do 60, and when we do strike let us not strike in vain. After ecme further remarks about Roman and Americon greatness, he said he Was opposed in toto to filibusterism. Mr. Cuexpren, (whig) of Pennsylvania, said if he could not approve of the general remarks of the gentleman be could approve of their spirit. proud to hear the gentleman speak of the destiny marked cut for this country, and gladly heard him compare our country with ancient Rowe, which met the enemies of the republic, and reduced them to obedience to her man- ners and custome. While the gentleman was talkin about Roman intelicet, vigor snd courage, he (Chandlery remembered the Roman economy, that while the mili Consuls were carrying abroad ber conquering eagles, | r the Tribunes were st home looking to the comforte and healthfulness of the Roman people; and while the blood of enemies gushed out at the point of the sword, every street gusbed forth with water, teaching them that cleanliness is next to godliness. He asked gentlemen to be silent that they might hear the remarks which he in. | ¢ tended to submit in favor of an asnendment to continue the works for supplying tho District of Columbia with co- pious: sxpeuee oC} pure water. Among his reasons was that the public property was in danger of fire; and especially the Capitol, the dome of whieh is constructed of com- bustible material He mentioned, too, that rome of the streets of Washington are so filthy as to invite cholera and other diseases, and only a river let loose can sweep them of their impurieties. Mr. Conn, (dem.) of Ala., said he was in favor of Cuba coming inas a ripe apple would fall from a tree. He entered his solemn protest against this government, or individuals, engaging in an unlawful expedition to suizs the island. He indicated the points of a speech he would write out, saying in conelusion he had the honor of being a member of the Select Committee which re prrted the Pacific Railroad bill. He did not approve of i n its present form, and would offer amen iment thereto. Mr. FLORENCE, cae rk Pa., made » personal explana- ing that appeared in the newspapers tion about « met relative to his official conduct with regard to appropria- , ax hereto- tions for the District of Columbia. He should, fore, continue to support such measures as commen ied themselves to his ju ent. In the introduction of water he felt a deep interest, having been a water drinker for the last peel Tt concerned him very much to have a full supply of that liquid and nothing stronger for a beverage. (Laughter.) Therefore, he should vote to supply the District with water. Mr. Stanton, (dem.) of Ky., opposed Mr. Meigs’ scheme for sup] ing water; it was too expensive; be- tides, better and chesper plans bad been recommended to government by its own officers. He «poke of the im- ty of military officers superintending civil works, And eseayed to point out blunders and business misdoings of military superintendente. ne ALIEN, (dem.) cf Ill., ae a dice leave to print a speech on the Pacific railroad bill. Mr. Krarr,(dem.) of 8. C., asa member of the select commitiee on civil versus mili ary superintendence of civil works, did not agree with Mr, Stanton, and intended to present a minority repert on the subject ia favor of maintaining the system as it is. ‘The Committee rose, and the House adjourned. From Baltimore. THE SOUTHERN MATL—A REPLY TO AROHBISHOT HUGHES’ LETTER. Barrwonw, June 14, 1954. New Orleans payers of Thursday last are recelyed, Wut | contain no news of interest. 1 ‘the eucoee sing sereion, mor vers were not to be allowed | By having on adjournment over till October, _Anileage, the session might extend to December, ana (hen no mem- | dert could receive mileage Mr. Bivcen, (whig) of N. ©, ; be remedied by an amendment to one of the appropria tion bills, allowing ge. Iibe majority of the Senate were in favor of a recover, this scnciation gould pe said thet difficat y could | Rev. Dr. Fuller, a distinguished Baptist cloreyman of this city, author of the first petition nted by Gen Cass on ‘the subject of religions freedom, has taken up the controversy with Archbishop Hogbes, and his reply will appear tn the American to-morrow he Ohto. muro, June 14, 1854. The river {4 in fine navigable order. It now measures four fect nine inches in the channel, amd is rising ras way. He was | New Hampshire ns | meetin or Stats Oficers, Concon®, June 14, 134. The cenvention of both branches of the hectic) for tate officers to-day, with the following re- bulis:— Fur Secretary of State—Joba i. Hadley, of Concord, (democrat ) hr# 168 votes; Geo. L. Towle,’ of Lebanon, whig,) 109; Mores A. Cortland, of Lee, ) j blunk, 1. Beiley's majority, 16. Every’ meneber ‘was present and voted, except one democrat, al from sickness. For Slate Treasurer Walter Harrsax, of Concord, maa mociat,) bad 169 votes; Richard P. Kettt, of Lancaster, gpe's) 108; Nathauiei L. Lerby, of Hebron, (free so!) For Public Printer—Witiam Butterfield, of ihe Patriot, hao 367 votes; & MeFarlend, of the Statesman, 99; Geo. G. Voge. of , 43; Barton & Hadley, of the Tapes <r, 11; scattering, 7; blanks, 2. No'eheiec, ho House discussed the axti-Nobraska -evolutions up to the adjournment last evening, but to-dey they have rot been taken up Visit of the Maxter Bites to Stamford, Sramrorp, (Pony) June 14, 1864. The Paxter Blues of New York, accompanied by Shetton’s band, visited this place to-day as the guests of the Stamford Light Guards, whe’ turned out with the Stamford Cornet band, to escort thon from the depot. oth ecmpanies presented a fine avpearance, ard-ctter } ging through with the peveral miliary evolutious. dad tu , in the pass was four laches deep justice to the well spread tabies of Mr. Fisher, St the stege Houre, where speeches and toasts were ex. changed, und cverything passed off in good style, A&e 9. Mi. the Fives left for New York, evitently ‘well xnttee satiobed with their reception, From Piattsturg. LAUTAL MURDER=-RECAPE OF IPR. HURG, Juise 14, 185 A mnider was cornmitted in the town of CYntn, ton county, Inst evening, by a min named Corn: Aviti, who killed Patrick Sweeney. ‘The diftioulty grew out of an ejectment euit. The Weapon used was & Bun and Sweeney was shot dend. Amen ceenped tromthe jail here to night taking, with hi'm $40 and some wearing apparet, Ke, belonging to Commodore Lott Chamierixin, Sheriff of the county. Eptscopal Conv nfion—Election of a Bishop. Provivence, June 14, 1854. At the Episcopal Convention today, the Rev. Dr. Crosker, of this city, received two majority for Bishop in the Clerical House on the tenth ballot. ‘In- the other House the vote was three majorit; inst him. The Alabama at Savannah, Savannad, June 13, 1854. The steamship Alaboma, from New York, arrived here early this morning. THE PACIFIC RAILROAD. Col, Fremont’s Narrative of the Exploration of the Centrat Route, {Frem the Intelligencer, June 14.) While the proceedings io Congress are occupying pub- lie attention, more particularly with the subject of a Pacitic Railway, I desire to offar to your paper for pubii- cation some general results of a recent winter expedition acress the Kocky Mountains, confining inyself to mere results, in anticipation of a fuiler report, with maps and iilustrations, which wil? accessarily require some months to prepare, The country examined was for sbout three fourths of the disiance—from tho Missouri frontier, at the mouth of the Kaneas river, tothe Valley of Parowan, at the foot of the Wahratch Mountains within the rim of the Great Pasip, at its’southoastern bend—along and between the thirty-e'ghth and thirty-ninth parallels of latitude; and the Whole line civides itself naturally into three sections, which may be conveniently followed in description. ‘The first or eastern section. consists of the great prai- tie slope, spreading frcm the base of the Sierra Blanca to the Missouri fiontior, about 700 miles; the second or middle section, comprehends the various Rocky Moun- toin ranges, and inter lying valleys, between the termi- nation of the greht plaing at the foot of the Sierra Blan- ca, and the Great Basin at the Parowaa Valley and Wah. saich Mountains, where the first Mormon set lement is found, about 450 miles; tie third or western section compteberds the mountainous ylateau lying between the Wabsatch Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, a distance of about 400 miles. ‘The country examined was upon a very direct line, the traveiles route being abont 1,550 miles over an airline distance of about 1,500 miles. THE VIRST SECTION. Your separate expeditions across this section, made Vefore the prevent ore, and which carried ms over Fa rious Hnes at different seasoas of the yeer, enable me to speak of it with the confidence of intimate knowlodge It isa plain of esry inclination, sweeping directly up to foot of the mountains whieh dominate it as highlands do the ocean. Ite character ix open prairie, over which summer travelling is mace in every direction. Fora railwey ora winter taavelling road the route would be, in consideration of wood, coal, bailding stone, water, ord fertile land, about two hundred miles up th immediate valley of tke Kansas, (which might be mat one rich continuous corn field,) and afterwards along th immediate valley of the Upper Arkansas, of which about ‘mules, as you approsch the mountains, is ne!y well adapted to settlements as well as to . Numerous well watered and fertile valle; broad and level—open up among the mountatas, which present themselves in detached blocks—outlior:—gradu alis closing in around the heads of the streams, but leaving open approaches to the centtal ridges. ‘The whole of the inter mourttain region is abur dant in grass wood, conl, and fertile soil, The Puebior above Hent’s Fort prove it to be well adapted to tho grains and vege- tables common to the latitude, including Indian corn, which ripens well, and to the support of healthy stock, which increases well, and take care of thetaselycs sum- merand winter. ‘The climate is mild and the winters short, the autumn usually having its foll length of bright open weather, without spow, which in winter falls rarely and passes off quickly. In this belt of country lyibg along the moun- tains the enow falls more early and much more thinly than in the open plains to the castward; the storms con- regate about the high mountains and ‘leave the valleys free. ta the beginning of December we found yet no snow on the Huerfano river, and were informed by an old resident, then engaged in establishing a farm at the | mouth of this stream, that snow seldom or never fell there, and that cattle were left in the range ali the win- | ter throngh. This character of country continued to the foot af the dividing crest, ard to this pointour journey resulted in showing a very easy grade for a road, over @ country unobstructed either by snow or other impediments, aut having allthe elements necessary to the prosperity of an agricultural population, in feriility of oil, abundance of fcod for stock, wood and coal for fuel, and timber for necessary constructions. Our examinations around the southern headwaters of the Arkansas have made us acqueinted with many pass- | es, grouped together in a small space of country, con- dueting by short and prac le valleys from the waters of the Arkansas, just described. to the valleys of tho Del Norte and East Colorado. The Sierra Blanca, through which these passes lic, is high and rvgged, presentizg a very broken appearance, but rises abruptly from the open country on cither side, narrowed at the points through which cut, leaving them only six or eight miles in length from valley to valley, and entirely unobstructed by outlying ranger or broken country. To the best of these pas he ascent Is along ‘the open valley of watercourses, uni. form and very gradual in ascont. Standing immediately at the mouth of the Sand Hiil Pass—one of the most practicoble in the Sierra Blanca, and above those usually irayellec—at one of the remotest head springs of the Huerfano river, the eye of the traveller follows'down without obstruetion or abrupt descent along the gradual slope of the valley to the great plains which reach the Mlsrourt. ‘The straight river and the open valley form, with the Hlsing beyond, one great stope, without a hill to break the line of sight or obstruct the course of the road. On either side of this line hills rlope casily to the river, with lines of timber and yellow autumnal grasa, and the wa- ter that flows smoothly between ig not interrupted by « in its course to the ocean. The surrounding country is wooted with pines and covered with luxuriant grasses, up to the very crags of the central summits. On the 8th of December we found this whole country free of snow, and Daguerre views taken at the time shows the grass entirely ancovered in the passes. Along all this line the elovation was carefully deter- mined by frequent barometrical obrervations, au? its character exhibited by a series of daguerreotype views, comprehending the face of the country almost continu. onsly, or at least sufficiently so to give a thoroughly cor. rect impression of the whole. Two tunnel-like passes pieres the mountains here, simort in juxte position, connecting the plain country on either side by short 4 five to eight miles long. The mountains which perforate constitute the only ob- struction, and are the only break in the tog or valley line of roed from the frontier of Missouri to tho summit hills of the Rocky Mountaing, a distance of it eight hundred and fifiy miles, or more than half-way to the foaquin valley. Entering one of these passes from the eastern plain, a distance of about one mile u) ‘wagon road, already travelled by wagona, commas open view of the broad valley of San Luis, and the range of San Juan beyond on its western side. connected the line of the present expedition with one explored in 1848-'49, from the mouth of the Kansna to this point, and the results of both will be embodied in a faller report. At this place the line entered the middle section, and continued its western course over an open yall admirably adapted for settlement, across t valley, and up the flat bottom lands of the Sah-watel to the lieights of the eontral ridge of thy Rocky Monntains. Actors these wooded heights—wooded and ira ed over their rounded sammits—to the Coo-cha ye pass, the line followed an open easy wagon way hr as is usual to a rolling eduntry On ihe bigh sum- mit lends were forests of coniferous trees, and the snow ‘This was on the Lith A day earlier our horses’ fect would not of December have touched » in the © ing Up to this point we hed enjoyed clear and dry Jearant weather. Our journey had been aff slong on Izy grownd; and travelling elowly along waiting for the winter these had Leen abundant leisure for becoming acqoaintesd with the cogntry. The open character of the country, joined to good information, indicated the ex. istence of other passes about the head of the Sah watoh. ‘This wae cosixable to yerify, aad especially to oxaming a Logislatore A cosvicT Arran’? the passes are | the Arkaras valley, known as the Poow che But the winter had now set in ovorall the mountain regions, and the eountry was #0 constantly euveloped end hicden with clouds which rested upon’ it, and ths air so darkened by falling snow, that exploriag became difficult and dangerous, precisely where we felt most in- terested in making a thorough *xamiuntion. We were tovivg in fogs and clouds, through a region whoily un- obliged to content ourselves with the examination of a single line, and the asceriaiument of the winter condi- tion of the country over which it passed; which was in fact the main object of our expedition, Our progress in this mountainous region was necessa- wily slow, anc aorizg ten écywhich It occupied us to ! pase through sbuut ove hundred miles of the mountain- ous country Borceriog the eastern site of the Upper Col- th greatest depth: of the snow was, ong tlie pines and open: the ridges, about two and a half fect, and in tbe valleysabout six inches ‘The atmos-, phere is too coid ani dry for muth saow, and the valleys, reizeted by the #ouvtaine, are comparatively free from warn We here foeud villages of Uta® Indians wintering @tpund, in Nttle valleys along the foot of the Sigher movcvrins, and bordering the more open country of the Colorada vslioy Snow was here (Deeem- | der 25) only a few inches deop--the gras4 generally ap- pearing above it, ond there being none ‘under trees aad on sow bere hill Riaes. i The horess of the Utah rare liviogon the range, and notwiibetouding that (bey were used in auptiug, were in eveel'e: f condition, One which we had cccasion to kill for food Had on it about two inches of fat, being in as good order py bufiato w had killed!in November en the eastern pi Over this valley country—about one hundred amAfty mifes xem as—tie Latians iafonmet ue thatanow failb only a few itches indepth, suchas we raw it at the tiow. ‘The immodinte vali-y of the Upoer Colorado for aboutene hundred miles in breath, and trom the7th to the 22d of January, wes entirely Lare of snow, and the weather aecembled thet of aatumn in this tountry, ‘The line here entema the body of mountains known as the Wak-sa'ch and Am-ter-ria ranges, which are practical & several places inthis part of thm course; but the failing snow and destitute condition ’of my party agun interfered to impede exa ‘They Le betwoon the Colorado valley and the Groat Basin, and at thoir western baro are established ‘the Morxaon'kettle:nents of ewan and Cedar city, They are whist are calles for- tile valleys, ag indvecisents vo’ settlement and factiities Tor mahing 2 road. ‘These mountaina are a great storehouse of materie!s—timber, fton, coul—which Woult be of indispensable use in tlee cunsiruction and mubitenance of the rond, and are sek? foundations to boils “up the future prowperity of the xepidly-inercasing ah Stale. Falf ie abundont on the eostern bordés, mountains, as the Steria de Sai, teing nana from it, Ja the vauges Ising bebind the Mor tloments, among the moan- faips through which the ling passes, are aecurualated @ great wealth of iron and cool and extensive forests of Lenvy-timber. These foresis are the lujest 1am ac- quaintea with in tho Rocky Mountains, bring, in some places, twenty miles in depth et conting ous forest; the growth lotis and large frequentiy over three Homoter, nnd sometimes reaching five feet, the yellow pine y ing. At the actual Mrupity of the Mormon settlements, consist- ing of Lhe twe enclosed towne of Parowan and Cedar city, var to which our line parsed, a coal miva has-been opon- ed for about eighty yards, and fron works already estab- lisred.. Tron here ¢ in extraordinary masses, in seine parts xecutaulates into mountains, witeh comb out in eveste eof eolid on thirty feet thick aud a hundred yards long. Ju presing throngh this bed of mountaing about four- teen day» bad beenccoupted, from January 2410 Febru ary 7, the deepest snow we Mare enevuntercd being aboat to the sardle ekirts, or four fect, this occurring oaly ecco: fepal drifts in the pa-ses on northera expositres, éod in te small mountain flats hemmed in by woods end hills. In tho valley it was eomelimes afew inehea Ceop, ond ss often none at nll On arrival at the Mormon settlements, February sth, we found ita few inebes deep, and were there jutormed that the winter had beon unusumMy long eontiaued and severe, the ther- mometer having teen "x low ns seventeen degrees below zero, aad more snow having fallen then in all the previ- ous Winters together siuce the siablishment of this colowy: At this season their farmers hadi usually beon occu: pied with their ploughs, preparing the land for grain. At thie point the line of exploration ontcred the third or western section, ocsaprehending the mou .tainous platcaw between the Wahsate’ mountains and the Sierra evada of California. Two routes here euggested them- telvas to me for examination : plaisau between the 37th and keeping to the south of the for about two hundred milos dows Virgen—Virgin river—thence divect to at tho head of the San Joaquin valley. ‘This route down the Virgin river had been examined the year before with a view to gattlement this summor bya Mormon exploring party under the command of Major Steele, of Parowan, who (and othors of the party) informed me that they found fertile valloys inhabited by Indians who cultivated oorn and melons, and the rich round in laces 1 over with grapo vines. ‘ihe Tejon Passes are two, of them (from tho abun. dance of vines at its loxer end) calle Caxon de las Uvas. They were of long use, and were examinod by me and theiv practicability ascertained in my expedition of ie4€-'40; and in 18611 again passed through them both, bringing three thousand head of cattly through one ¢f them Knowing tho practicality of these passes, and confid- ing in the report of Major Steele as to the intermediate country, [determined to take the other, (between the 87th ond S6th paraliels,) it recommending iteelf to me 4s being more cirect towards San Francisoo, and prefer- able, on that account, for a road, if suit. ble ground could be found; and also ax being unknown, the Mor- rons icforming me that various attempts had been made to explore it, and all failed for want of water. Although biased in favor of tho Virgin river route, I determined to examine this one in the interest of geo- graphy, and accordingly set out for thix purpose from the settlement about the 20th of February, travel- ling directly westward from Cedar city, (oighteen miles west of Parowan.) We found the countay « high table land, bristling with mountains, often in short isolated blocks, and sometimes accuraulated into con- sidernble ranges, with numerous open and low passes. ‘We are thus always ina valley, and always surrounded Ki, mountains more or leas closely, which apparent! tered in shape and position ax we advancet. Tho v leys are dry and naked, without water or wood; but the mountains are generally covered with grass and well wooded with pines; springs are very rare, and occasional sinall streams are’ at remote istances.’ Not a human Leing was encountered between the Santa Clara road, near the Mormon settlements, aad tho Sierra Nevada, | over a distance of more than three hundred miles, Tus | solitary character of this uninhabited region—the naked | valleys without water courres, among mountains with } fertile soil and grass and woods abundant, give it the ap- | pearance of an unfinished country. | Commencing at the 88th, we strack the Sierra Novada on about the 37th parallel about the 15th of March. On our route across we had fox the greater part of the time pleasant and rather warm weather ; the val | grounds and low ridges uncovered, but rnow over the ap- | per parts of the higher mountains. Petweon the 20(h of ‘ebreary and 19th of March we bad soveral snow storms, sometimes aceompanied with bail and heavy thunder; | but the snow remained on the valley grounds only a few | hours afer the storm was over. 1; forins not tho least | impediment at any time of the winter. 1 was-prepared | to find the Sicrra here broad, rugged, and blocked up with snow, and was not disappointed iu my expeotation. The first vango we attem tor? Das {us to an elevation of 8,000 or 9,000 feet and irs {mprssable snow, which was farther increased on the 16th by a consilera- Die fall. ‘There was no object in forcing a pasoage, and 1 ac- | cordingly turned at once some sixiy or eighty miles to the southward, making a wide sweep to strive (he Point of the California mountain where the Sieera Nevada sud- | cenly brenks off and declines into a lower country. In- frmation obtained years before from tho Intians led me to believe that the low mountains were broken into many passes, and at all events I had the ooriainty of an | ensy pasenge through eliher of Walker's passe | When the point was reached I found th> Indian infor | mation fully verified; the mountain suddenly terminated one directly across the Un parallels; the other ont following alley of '2¢ Ro the Trejon Pass, | neighboring and lower pass connecting more dieotly w *h known to us, and without guides; and wore therefure | HERALD. PRICE TWO CuNTS. The Rock Island Excursion, OUB EXCURSION CORRESPONDENCE ! Caicago, June 11, 1854. | wThe Party Returning—Festivity and Fun—Amus & Mock Trx T, vel—A Railroad to connect the Mississ'ppi and "he Lake Superior Copper Mines, §c. Tho r.“turn passage from St. Paul's to Rock Island was verformed in thirty-five hours, arriving at the latter Place at 10 o'clock on Saturday morn- ing. No sto, ‘Pages were made, only to take in wood, except to Jand half a dozen of the party at Dubuque. The t.‘we was occupied in every species of available amuse, vent. The party on board the Sparhawk was the most agreeable and pleasant. Though .there were .everal on board of the white | neckeloth, severed from All participation in the nit- not a whit behind the m.%% obdurate sianer in the floek in cracking jokes thexaaclves, and laughing at | those perpetrated by other.6 Whilst the mer; | dance was going on, aad euctre and witat played, these reverend gentlemen seem ay weld pleas vi, and remained from their couches* as late os any o the party. We had o meek trial on board: which rauch merriment and elicited a firad of rep’ Dector Campbell, of Boston, entero a: compia.a against Coloneb Schouler, editor of a C nein ati paper, for comming an assault and rettery up ou tom, in having euflered one of the aati ‘of his beth to fall upen the Doctor's Lend, vuriveg the night. A grand ury found a Dill «ft indictment, and: the accused wae brought before the criminal edart for trial. The accused hid for counsel Moses Kismball and a Mr. Has'ce# ton. Judge Bogert, of Tompkins county, New York, presided. The District beh vead the indict | ment, which was dawn with legal acunven, the risoner pleaded not'guilty, and the Clerk proces ted empannel a jury. Much difliculty was hadyas in all important criminal cases, to obtain the roquisite | number who were compotent. Some were prejtdived in the matter on account of having read elaborate accounts of the affair in the daily papers; cthers were 0} on the Idissiasippi river; which dec!are the crine of assault-and peanishable by death; and others, Velieving themselves ingompetent to render an an- prejudiced verdict on account of their knowledge of. the prisoner's conduct: while a citizen of Boston. After a long contest, a jory was at length obtainod, and among them was a Mr. Merritt, who assumod the quaker garb, and sat with bis head covered with the largest broad brim on board the boat. The wit- neeses On the part of the prosecution were examined y the District Attorney, and duly cross-examined by the prisoner's counsel! The testimony finally concluded, Mr. Kimball ag@dressed the Court and jury in defence of his client. He spoke for three quarters of an hour, and though the whole affiir was a mere farce to kill time, still the ingenaity of bis ar- gumens,the deductions he drew from the testimony, and his eloquence throughout, elicited the most raptureus applause and enthusiastic cheering. The trial lated until late in the cvening, whea the judge adjourned the caso until ten o'clock the next day. ‘She crier made preclamation, and the prisoner was remanded to tho custody of the Sherif The trial afforded great amusement to the ladies, and it was the theme of conversation, and the cause of joke and mirth during the remainder of the pas- | tage. Colonel Schou!'pr is a wag of the first water, and enacted his part. in the farce with admirable tact. Mectings were held on cach boat, and resolutions adopted, expressing the thanks of the party to the contractors and dizectors of the Rock Island Rail- road Company for this excursion. The guests on each of the five beats adopted resolutions compli- menting the officers and assistants for their exer- tions to please the party, and purses varying from three to five hundred dollars wee subscribed as presents to the. officers, servants, &c. At one | o'clock on Saturday the party took the cara at Rock Island and reached this city in eight hours t precisely he time table, and the excursion party panded. The importoace of this py and up the Mississippi to it rove incaiculabie, through T!linois able source will The extent of country now lying in a state of perfect nature, now viewed for the first time hy statesmen, millionaires, mechanics, Some Reflections on Trade and ural ontpourings of tye heart at home, they were | t, of Bos & ace to the principle of the stringent laws , THRILLING OF TEx | GREAT EARTHQUAKE IN SAN SALVADOR. INTERESTING INCIDENTS. Description of the City from a Traveller. OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS, RELATIVE TO THE CALAMITY deo de. ce. Tatelligence has already reached the United , States of the complete destruction of the city of Ban Salvador, capitol ef tne State of the same | name, in Central America, by an carthguake, on | the night of the 16th of April last. Up to this time, however, the public: has been put in posses- sion of none of the partieulars of the catastrophe | We have now before us ® number of private lettars | aad the official publications, describing the event, a sammary of all of which will be found below. | The city of San 3atvador, in point of size and im portaxce, has ranked third in Central America—~ Guatertala, in the Steve of the same name, being first, and Leon, in Nicaragua, second. It wae founded in 1628, by George Alvarado, brother of “the celebrated Pedro Alvarado, the next im command to Cortes, iu his conques | of Mexico, aud afterwards the conqueror and governor of Guatemot. Its foundations were fi id at a place now ewlled the Bermuda, about sioleagues to the northward of the present site. In | 1539it was removed to the place which it occupied ‘ untidthe late catastrophe. Its name was given to | it by Alvarado, in commenpration of his final de- | cisive victory over the Indios of “ Cuscatlan,” the | Land of Riches, as the preset State of Sun Salvador | was proudly called by its aboriginal ocsupants. This victory was gained on the eve of the festival of San Salvador, ie During the dominion of ‘Spainin Anserica, the city was the seat of the Governor Intendente of the Province of San Salvador, dependent oh the Cap- tain-Generalcy of Guatemala. After the in- cependexce, it became tho capital of the State, and was early distinguished for its thor- ough devotion to the principles of the liberal party in Central America. After the confederation of the Skates, it was se- lected as the capitol of the new republic;and a dis- trict was Jaid off around it, called. the Federal Dia- trict, after the example of ‘the United States im erecting the District of Columbia. It continued to be the seat of the federal government, until its dowa- fall in 1839. The writer of this notice spent the month of Au- gust of last yeur in the city of San Salvador, and yas much impressed with the great beanty of the town, and the general intelligence, indastry, and enterprise of its inhabitants, who surpass, in these respects, the people of any of the other large towns of Central America. The po- sition of the town is remarkably beautiful; be- ing in the midst of a broad, elevated plain, on the summit of the ‘high table land or coast range of mountains which intervenes between the true Cordilleras and the valley of the | great river Lempa and the Pacific. Ita elevation, by barometrical and admeasurement, is 2,115 feet above the sea. As a consequence, its climate is cool merchants, epeculators, farmers, divines, editors, and nearly every other class constituting society in our Northern snd Eastern cities and towas, has struck them all with perfect astonisiment. They had all read of the mighty Father of | Amcrican Waters, its navigation for ten thousand miles, from its mouth up to the barrier of St. An- | thony; they may have read some graphic sketches | of the scenery along its banks, and the green velvet | rniture of its mountain sides and summits; and | they may also have pictured to their minds the dense | forests lying for hundreds of miles upon its flat- lands; but all, everything, each attempt at de- | scription {s as fur from the reality.as the twinkle of the dallest glow worm in the Florida everglades bears to the efulgenco of Luna in her matarity in the clear heavens above. Upon either bank of that majestic water, from St. Louis to the Falls, and ex- tending far into the interior, is a territory capable of sustaining many millions of the human race, nearly every acre of which is susceptible of the highest cnitivation, though now in a wild, rude state, as it came from the hands of the Great Ar- chitect. Our travellers who go abroad in quest of rural scenery invariably describe to us the mounds, hill sides, prominences, verdure, &c., along the Danube and the Rhine. Upon nearly every moun- tain top there are legends connected with ‘ancient times, the castles built, occupied, and demolished by some distinguished baron, duke, or prince. Here a castle conquered and turned into a | prison or a fortress, there the remains of a di- japidated = mancion, jong deserted and cram | Diing into atcms. Here the places where mighty | columns have stood, built in honor to some valiant knight, and there the decaying monument, diaries. It is the incidents connected with the history, | the legends which exist, and repeated to every Ame- | rican writer, that have indaced poets, philosophers, | and painters to fill the world with the beauty, ndeur and sublimity of the Danube and Rhine. We know little of the early history of the Missis- sippi. The sborigincs may have treasured up | traditions from their earliest ancestors, who roved and lived on its banks, of a character as startling and a nature as wonderful as the stories told us of the barons of the old world. Those traditions may never be revealed, the aborigines, driven as they have been from river to river, from valley to valley, ever since the landing of the pilgrims, bearing the most intense hatred to every pale face, will un- | doubtedly carry with them to the spirit world de- warriors of their various tribes, enacted on the Mis- of Coluinbus discovered the land. Though we have nothing in antiquity which commemorates, norany- | thing in history or tradition to which we may point the travelier, still we do claim that the Great Archi- and broke down into lower grounds barely above the level of the country, and making numerous openings into the valley of the San Joaquin. I entered into the firat which offered, (taking no time to search, as we were entircly out of provisious and living upon hora.s,) which led us by an open and almost level hollow thirteen miles long to an ujland not steep enongh to be called a hill, over into the valley of armall affluent to Korn river; the bellow and the valley waking together a way where a wagon would not fint any obstruction for forty wiles. ‘The country aronnd the passes in which tho Storra Novada here terminates declines considerably heiow ita | more northern elevation. There was no snow to be seen at all on, its eastern face and — in the aes; hut we were in the micst of opening spring, flowers bloom'ng in fields on both sides of the sierra, “ jt Between he port of the mountains and the head of the valley at the Tejon the passes generally aro free from snow throughout the year, and the descent from them to the ocean {a distributed over a long slope of more than two hundred miles. The low dry country and the long slope, in contradistinction to the eg country and short sudden descent and heavy snows of the pa: be- hind the bay of San Francisco, are among the considera tigns which suggest themselves in favor of the route by the head of the Ban Joaquin, : *" @ above reaults embody general impressions made pon my mind during this journey. It. ts elenrly estab lished that the winter cooknaee ‘of the country cons: tutes no impedinront, ond from what has becn ‘said the entire practicability of the line will be as clearly in- ferred. Afurther account hereafter will compre! detailed descriptions of country, with thelr abso relative elevations, and show the ground upon ¥ ich ihe conclusions were baset. They are contributed at this | timens an element to aid the public in forming aa opin fon on the subjectof the projected rail « grath feation of my gredtdesire to do somet vanermonts | It seers 2 treason afeinet mankind and (he progrest which marks the age, to refuxe to pat | completing link to oar nailonal prosp and wath he world, Europe still Ik America, Build this railroad, aud thic have ro | volved about: America will lic between and Europe the golden vein whieh runs through the history of the world will fellow the iron track and the rmanent wopen Lam, gea. Asiatic trade will finally fall into road, when tho mew and the m | their gates to the thoroughfare of gn word, Uemen, with much regard, rexpecifully, yours Wastingrox, Jano 13, 18) . ©. FREMONT tect of Nature has displayed lis masterly skill on | onr continent, on the banks of this mnrivaled water, — in more abuudance, in mere profuse variety, with a more liberal hand, than anywhere else in Christendom, Tle child, of nature, who revels in the contemplation of the eat wonders of creation, will, when he casts is eyes non the scenery of the Upper Mississippi, find ‘himself so completely enwrapped in wonder, that he will exclaim, like the man of olden time, “the half has never been told me.” Ini , there- fore, of traversing foreign climes to behold this great footstool upon which we tread, and to find abroad subjects tor books of euch description, let our people stay at home and make a summer tour jon this mi; ty waar, Irving may write, and ma: nell, it the intellect nor genius never et ext that can present any idea sorakne on the rising hillocks, the sloping the eenery fn rolling valleys of the American Mis: siielings, or the oP her penetration has been set on foot. Capi- ts on board formed the idea of taking early Soonetes of connecting these waters with Lake Su- verior, by means of rafiroad to the copper mines. We lerstand a survey will be made in the course of a year or #0, and the result transmitted to Boston and New Yo A road is now nearly completed Letween Davenport (0 ite Rock Island) to lowa City, the copitel of that State,and assurance is given thet it will be extended to Council Bluffs. | Testimonial to Captain Fitch and eat ‘ 7 Amount heretofore advertised. 7 x | France | Koop ) Coilin Carl tails of thousands of exploits of the great chiefs and | sissippi thousands of years before the “ pale face” | a8 comparei with that of the coast alluvions, although unfavorably modified in this respect, by a low range of hills on the southern border of the plain, which shuts off the sea breeze. Were it not for this obstacle, the breezes of the ocean, which is only about twenty miles distant, would reach the city. During the month of August, 1853, the maximum of temperature was 81 degrees of Fahrenheit,. the min- imum 70, and the mean average 76 degs.3 min., which constitutes a delicious climate. The hills around the plain of San Salvador are covered with verdure, which, as the dews are oor § siderable, keeps green through the dry as well aa the rainy season. The city, with its white houses and churches, seemed, therefore to, be set in living emerald. About three miles to the westward of the city is the great volcano of San Salvador. The cone, which rises on the northern border or edge of the crater, is (approximately) 6,000 feet in height. The volcano proper, however, is a vast mass, with a broad base of irregular outline, its summit serrated by the jagged edges of the crater, and is much less in altitude than the cone. This cone seems to have been formed by ashes and scoriae thrown out of the crater, which is represented as a league and a half in circumference, and a thousand varas, or three thousand feet deep—almost large | enough to receive the whole mass of the erected to hismemory by hisserfs, slaves, and subsi- | voleano of Vesuvius. At the bottom of this crateris a considerable lake of water. Very few persons have had the temerity to venture into the chasm of the volcano, and none of these are likely, judging from the accounts which they give of their efforts, to repeat the undertaking. Two Frenchmen, who ventured down a year or two since, became ex- hausted and incapable of returning. They were rescued, with great difficulty, by a detachment of soldiers from the garrison. . or hills, in San Salvador, bristles with volcanoes, Thirty-five ‘miles to the castward of the city is the great forked peak of San Vicente, 10,000 feet im | height; and thirty miles to the westward, on the same line, 1s the vast buik of the volcano of Sta Ana with its dependent peak, the volcano of Isaleo, which is in a state of constant eruption, and is call- ed “FE Faro de San Salvador,” the Lighthouse of falvador. Besides these are numerous other voleonoes, occwring, in conjunction with those just named, in the following order, commencing at the | The entire line of the coast range of mountains | | | eastern extremity of the State :—San Miguel (ac tive), Chinemeca, Sacatecoluca, Tecapa, Usulutan, San Vicente, San Salvador, Gaasapa, Izaleo (active), Sta Ana, and Apenaca, besides some others of less note, to say nothing of extinct craters, volcanic orifices, or extinct vents, which are now generally filled with water, constituting lakes without outlets, and of which the water ia brackish. One of these, called “Joya,” occurs about four miles to the south- wert of the city of San Salvador. It would be impossible to describe here the numer- ous active vents, emitting smoke, «team and sulphur- ous vapors, which occur at or near the bases of some of these vokeamocs, and which are called “Jnfernillos,” literally “Iattle Hells.” There arc, also, numerous other yoleanic phenomena and results, of exceed- ing scientific as well as popular interest, but which it would exceed the scope of a newspaper arti- dle to describe adequately. In a word, it may be said with truth, that San Salvador comprehends more volcances, and has within its limits more mark- ed results @f volcanic action, than probably any other equal extent of the earth. Tor days the tra- veller within its borders journeys over unbroken | beds of lava, ecoriae and volcanic sand, constituting, | contrary to. what most people would suppose, a soil | of unbounded fertility, and dengely covered with | vegetation. | fun Salvador stands, or mther stood—for its des | wuction has been co complete as to justify the | use of the past tense—upon a table land wholly made up of scoriae, voleanic ashes, sand and frogmeuts of pumice, overlaying, to the dept