The New York Herald Newspaper, June 1, 1854, Page 7

ERESTING FROM MEXICO. Our Mexican Correspondence. Crry or Mexico, May 1, 1854. Gf Bwonts at Tehuantepec—Chances of In- eanic Communication—Santa Anna's Gover- Hand the Sloo Contract— Minatitlan and its lyopolitan Honore—Torments of the Inhabi- Colonization Schemes of His Imperial [Winess—Grand Bounty to Pious Emigrants— ment Monopoly of the Tobacco Culture. communication was from the Isthmus of ec, and I now address you once more “hopeful position” of that still secluded shut up, as it were, in a tight box, by the ne, to keep it uncontaminated from the of the world “and the rest of mankind,’ just jsiser would his money. That secluded spot, I ae prolific source of so many splendid schemes culation, from the times of chivalrous Cortes | to our more speculative contemporaries, Mr. and Mr. Sloo, ia now just precisely in the pation with regarg to the interoceanie com- , a8 it was at the time of its discoverer— | | s. nks even that if history is to serve as.our » that that interoceanic project was about as need then as it isnow ; because the insignifi- } of the work, under what is called the Sloo ‘act, is such, that it would be more appropriate yle it the “Slow” contract, from the peculiar \ with which it is proceeding. There is no cor- \nformation, indeed, about the number of hands Joyed, and reports vary from thirty to fifty, But is certain, which is the scantiness of 8 on hand, which precludes the idea, even the bility, of the - of a large force. + people say they have gone home to spend the Jays, and would return with redoubled vigor ~ isoit-il! The“ great work,” as it is called em- ically, was commenced in February last, on a onthe Coatzacoalcoas river, near the confluenc he Jallepec river, which spot is known by the 2 of Suchil. -It is a several days’ journey far up tiver, far out of the world, which accounts for ancertainty of reports and fhe little knowledge rave of it. A wagon road has been made, but I pt whether its progress will reach much over miles, if that. A kind of vereda, or path, ‘also been opened, the same which had been done Garay and the late survey company. Vegeta- | had closed it again, and it is the same vereda ch communicates with “ Paso de la Puerta,” on |Juanwapa river—the first rancho, occupied by ! , Solitary and alone—which leads ce to San Juan Guichicovi, the first Indian town ‘mountains. vereda, may serve for somé out of the Mraveller during the a Magen but jee Aca benaare ign tbe cred: with stop the mreas of the unlucky traveller sometimes. for pral day iq dent now spread that a small steamboat, fit port river navigation, is to be brought out next e. 2 wi some progress had been made in the road, ith geome inconveniences, this would answer purpose very well, but now, in the present state of wena Sor yyal sul xy privilege of bu: the now improv. gous. would bo given to, (te exercise, fa one word, Wis we iven to it, (to exer , in one word, we would call preemption right with squatters,) and that they might try to get their se mon back from those who had sold them. Now pretty piece of business and high-handed measure executed with the most astonishing coolness and effrontery. Every legal form being set aside, no ju- | dicial tribunal having been consulted on the sub- ject, or given its sentence, the poor down-trodden ople are forced to be quiet and subinit to such - ny, as they do not dare even to lift their voices. Faster and faster the chain of tyranny is whirled round their necks, and they are made to know that they are slaves, under the plausible pretext “ to re- establish the prestige of power,” as they call it. | They submit with a patience really which would | make lambs blush; it is an extraordinary, astonish- | ing virtue, these people, or whatever you may call | them, exhibit. A new colonization law was lately proclaimed, | the avowed object of which is to promote and en- courage emigration from Lak They must pro- feas the Roman Catholic ay ic religion, of course, | and are generously provided for with seven and a half acres of land Compares, and one half acres) for | each man, just enough to plant his cabbages, which unbounded generosity of the us he is required to repay after five at a valuation to be ere by a commissioner. Every of three in number is allowed twice that num- ber of acres—only think, fifteen acres! The public londs shall be surveyed for that purpose, and until that is done the central portions of the republic shall be assigned to em ts. Every one comin; with tae avowed object to settle will be declare ipso facto Mexican. But those who know somet aboit that honor, say they would rather—in Gene: Taylor's lan, —“‘respectfully decline.” As to the pres ect of emigrants to the Isthmus, they have a lendid opening. There was still an article leit, which promised fair for, this portion. of the republic to compensate for other disadvantages under which they are laboring, not being able to contend with the productions of slave labor from neighboring ata bs ins apes and coe Pc hadeord was tobacco. Now, I suppose, for T pl motion of the happiness and prosperity of lawful and loyal subjects of his Most Serene ighness, the growth of said article is Row made a government monopoly, and any of said loyal subjects being ae r the 30th of April, with more than $25 worth of tobacco on hand, will lose said property and be heavily fined. You see what happy pros- pects and nemcagenene are held out to the emi- grant and husban . So it may be easily seen what fine prospects await the enterprising settler in that ha) py region of in- ter ic communication in prospe: Bat of course evel will be cured by that politi- cal, newly invented panacea—the len treaty. 8o, go it, Brother Jonathan; fork out your shiners great modern political Micawber. He is just now excessively sweet to sell his nostram to you, but you must not count on the gratitude of Micawber | to aid in | friends aforesaid if once he got you in for it. Israuus. work—cui bono! The fact is, that people | beginning to shake their heads at this railroad ed of the “great work,” and to ask what the mean- of all this Even its most arduons friends are tzled to give an explanation. Some are shrewdly Measrs. Sykes & Co., of Sheffield, the tract from Mr. Sloo, are, perhaps, waiting the i of the Conkilng treaty, or some small annexed to the len treaty, and God onl; lows, how anxiously the arrival of each steamer |tched—the conveyer of the long expected news. le one by the last steamer was rather ominous in pe Eve eens as there was evidently some doubt of Sam’s name for an undertaking, the .ole of which is Mexican in every form and they gave it an American mask to look , and of late substituted a British arm. pe ees neni as sat as to express a abt of Uncle Sam’s ever wanting anything to do th any company whatsoever, and all that he’ con- infy the rival companies Fetains to bo seen. "AS e com] re} to be seen. events it would seem to be the best alot ed course for the United States; although it ast be soknicwdadged. that they seem apparent] t at all aware of the high importance of this ighfare, and Tehuantepec is almost forgotten the wild schemes of railroads through Texas to e Well, well, when the hue and cry of arlatanry shall have died away, and reason again all assume her sway, then, porha| , Tehuantepec ill attract more attention. I do not know what funny idea occurred to some- pdy, tired, Fgh of the sen oyie Fxg a prosecuti “ great work,” to spread port that Gen. Cos, the nt Governor of the :rritory of Tehuantepec, had put some obstacles in e way of the company. This ther a foolish ea, because no contract could have been formed to it the taste, the a ee eerie Fees ee e seers of the ican rnment, atter ‘this’ Sloo contract. But fet the com- any have a sharp lookout, because there is a term T g the railroad; and should they not mmply, let them remember that or sizure is the order of the day, for penalties. The authorities of that happy. ople are quite md of that word; it fills their bellies, just as the ampire would fill his, with the life-blood of its vic- ms. This Gen. Cos, of San Jacinto me , is, of jourse, & decided friend to Santa Anna, to whom he ) related. In his course, until now, he has onl; own @ disposition to harass the poor miserable ‘eople of the Isthmus—at least, those of his immedi- jte ne b odeath; and, h in his Eaoeertt wi wiiens Fer hi Sees te ae ad openness of a r, e p of arbitra: wer—-even some of the 0us ever seen in this of xico. powers of dissimulation are great, and pt to mislead the most shrewd observer; but hanks to the bottle, his true sentiments are some- more divulged than desired. His deadly hate Vera Cruz, May 8, 1854. News of the Gadsden Treaty Ratification—The Ma- hogany Trade at Minatitlan—Santa Anna and Alvarez. ‘i My last you will receive through private hands, as mailed in New York. In an hour the Texas sails, and I drop these few lines to give you some more details about the Isth- mus affairs. We have seen the last tele- graphic news from New Orleans, about the Gads- den treaty, and the hosannah and hallelujah cry of the Sloo people, having got all they wanted, namely, the confirmation of their contract. I can scarcely believe it, that an American Senate could trifle thus. What, to confirm a contract, from be- ginning to end a monopoly, instead of setting it on abroad and liberal basis, opening the Coatzacoalcoas and the Isthmus to all the world? It cannot be. Should it, however, be so, then those who take an especial interest in the concern, may learn that the Mexican government has named General Monterde as Interventor, who will go in a few days to Mina- fetch to see to the interests of the Mexican govern- ment. No vessel was allowed to go there to ship mahoga- ny, unless Mexican built, which are jast now very ecarce, end will continue so, I suppose, for some time to come. _ To the importunities of those inter- ested in the cutting of maho; at Minatitlan, the government finally graci cont a ‘mit (mcyenant), by means of one dollar a ton e: du- ties, which is thought contrary to treaty stipulations by the Sloo folks, as their agent claims also a dou- ceur, perhaps more or less than the amount men- tioned, on the ground that the Coatzacoalcoas is now the exclusive property of Mr. Sloo, on account of the famous $600,000 of embargo memory. So you see thatthe poor Coatzacoalcoas looks in @ wretched ition. And this is the kind of contract which an Ameri- can Senate has sanctioned? There are some people interested in it, who pee to say that the objec- tionable clauses of said contract, for instance, making Vera Cruz the head of the navigation of the Coatza- coalcoas river, would afte: be rescinded. Ri- diculous talk; you might as well beg to get a tempt- ing sandwich out of the hands of a hungry, greedy boy. I suppose some folks here do not care a straw about the route, provided they have got a big fat mail contract. After all, it would seem that the traitor Alvarez is not yet taken, and from all appearances, gives a at deal of trouble to the people in Mexico, as Sere seems to be no, means of getting through a victorious bulletin. They try to explain in various ways for the defi- ciency of news; but the stern, stubborn fact is there! Nous verrons! Istauus. jeainst our country (United States) valine apes nd no opportunity is lost to show itself against ‘ome unfortunate victim ae himself a citizen of ‘he United States. It was particularly shown in the tase of the brig H. Kellock, which went ashore in a strong norther, (on the coast,) between the port pf Coatzacoalcoas and the Barilla. Any innocent, andid mind would think, that a wrecked vessel »ught to have the stron; claim to protection on he part of authorities belonging to civilized and <hristian communities, so much the more when not she smallest icle of anything which could by any dossibility be construed into a violation of revenue ‘aws was found on board. Not so with the magnani- ous General. On the mere shallow pretext that Fhe captain of the wrecked vessel had declared that e was bound for the port of Coatzacoalcoas, and that he had not touched first at Vera Craz, (he not nowing the regulations in that respect,) this vessel as £e! sang s ae tain Her net arrest. Now, Bccor ican regulations for ports open jonly eas coasting trade, vessels are liable’ to ‘izare when they load or unload any kind of foods. these “magnanimous” people seem to nk that their ports are really a sort of rat-trap, wherein to catch the unwary It is high time Uncle m wakes up, and gives them some severe lesson ot easily to be forgotten. if not, there is really no getting along with them. se: a Since the little town of Minatitlan honored with the title of capital of the Isthmas, and favored with the presence of this General Cos, its fortannie, or perhaps unfortunate, inhabi- tants sre ground to the carth by the m tious exactions from the authorities, of every and shape, but especially of police duty, night and day, making them erect houses for their accouamo- dation, and public improvements on av Taike cale, besides patrol duty at night ina nejghbor- Bod notorions for a quietness oo pover Phone where thiof from the upper country wou ie of starvation if he would caervies his ‘calling here. Now, inlarge communities these exactions may be felt, bat not so heavily as in such small communi- ties like that of the present capital of Tehuantepec, which scarecly numbers over one handred houses. Foreigners are not excluded, and every disposition shown to bear itheavily on their shouldera by exact- ing the most heavy fines at the slightest opporta- nity, But the greatest outrage against justice, and oné of the most arbitrary acts of power, rei to de told. ‘The village of Minatitlan, according to Mr. Wil- “iam deesription of the Isthmus* Yaeger toe] that time about seventy habitations, and a mixed popnlation of 460 inhabitants), was established in the year 1826-27, and the ground on which it stands -was bought for that purpose by a government com- missioner, Dr. Tadeo Ortiz, from a neighboring -estate, for $50, and the liberation of a relative of the owner from the service of the omy ‘The money was neverpaid for it, and the new bill of sale (he- cause the old original one wa* lost) expresses it as a donation—a free gi to the village. People goner- ally from the neighboring towns were invited to settle, and each new measur, eomer had a lot of gronnd duly ‘out to him and given to him gratis, with- out any other condition than to build thereon in a certain time. This aystem was covtinued until the resent time, and sanctioned by ali their civil and legal authorities, bigh and low; and roperty since NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. the New Orleans Picayune, May 25.) By the arrival of the st Orizabe, Captain For! we have recived files of papers from the city of Mexico to the 18th and Vera Cruz to the 2st insts. General Santa Anna arrived on the evening of the 4th inst.at San Au, in, and made a triumphal entry into the capital on the 16th, from the cam- paign of the south, as the Mexican journals, gran- diloquently style his march against Alvarez, and was received with every demonstration of joy, such as illuminations, ball ba fireworks, &c.. The or- ders for all these festivities were given by the Gov- ernor of the city of Mexico, by whith the people were officially commanded to enjoy themselves during the space of three vee The city of Puebla had also joined in these re- joicings, and the felicitations on the happy return of iis Serene Highness were pouring in from all quar- tere. The military commandant of Vera Cruz, which city also réjoiced mightily, says that the President had returned, after a triumphant cam- paign, in which he marched from victory to victory, &c. Of course all the journals sing to the same tane, and itis impossible to gather anything from them in relation to the real results of the campaign. A conspiracy was detected in che fort of San Juan d’Ulloa, headed by two sergeants, who got 1 a pronunciamiento on their own account, to facili- tate the flight of Gen. Avalos, whois confined there. The plot having been discovered, Manuel Gonza- lez, one of the sergeants, was condemned to death by a court martial and shot on the lth, “Three criminals, who had been condemned to death, and who-were to haye been executed on the 14th, were pardoned, as a token of gratitnde for the happy return of the President from the Southera campaign. On the crisis in M ation what ators. A nf The Mexican steamer of war Iturbide arrived at Vera Cruz from New Orleans on the 11th instant, having made the voyage in eighty hours. She took out the first information of the passage of the Gadsden treaty. iN The earthquake on the 5th instant, fo whichwe alluded in our last summary of news from Mexico was also felt slightly at Jalapa. The town of bora wl suffered most, several edifices being badly injured. the Trait d’ Union has been fined $400, and the nombers of that job ad the 13th seized, for pub- Vishing an item exican news displeasing to the government. -d M’me. Sontag’s troupe continued to draw immense houses in Mexico, and the performances met with the greatest success, Correspondence of the New Orleans Delta. ° Vera Crvz, 21, 1854, H. 8. H. made his grande entrée on the 1éth, with oll fhe pomp and circumstance befitting so moment- ous.an Occesion, ‘The eid are fnll of the most cleborate deccription of the august and tmposing | ecremonials attending the return of such a hero, | from such exploits as the world never, saw before ; | anc in good sooth it never has. Of courae there has h, there was a rumor of a ministerial 0, which appeared to have no found- x beyond the wishes of its propa- lu o usval amount ot gun-firing, bell-ringing, | Te-Deom singing, lettin, of Toskbte afer in- ee mp hr hands, and the ducroagh ol |. Besides, custom, ten years jon, as pe legal title as could be desired, Moreover, , faxing of squids, &c., mingled with bombastic felicitations of the dignitaries, and an occasional faint viva | the leperos—ot polloi, or great unwasheg of Mexicg. (con- to see which way the cat jumped. In a word, if the old gentleman had not turned up in the very nick of time, there would have been a precious row. The worst , and most truly Mexican feature, of the whole buziness is the treachery of the Cabi- net ; and it is source of some surprise that they have not been, ere this, kicked out of their places | and the republic. There is no doubt that it was agreed to leave the old fellow to fate and the Pintos. Poor old man! he had a very hard time of it in his | Tate campaign, and it is said he was reduced to eat | horse meat. But to give yon some particulars about the masterly inactivity of the Cabinet. When Santa Anna was iy Acapulco, (which he didn’t take, by the way, but which came very near taking nin news reached Mexico of his being beset, surrounded and cut off by Alvarez and parti- sans. His friends pressed the ministry to send rein- forcements. Bonilla (the premier) declined, saying he could not think of leaving the capital defenceless, &c. Now, this Jesuitical gentleman, Bonilla, is at once premier and head devil of the conservadores, and among these was a nice little ment to keep the government to themselves and let H. 8. H. take care of himself the best way he could. The Bishop of Morella sent his deputy to consult on the subject with the harpies in Mexico, offering the money of the church and the support of the clergy curring out the plan. illa and Lares, Ministers of Justice, and the Episcopal Nuncio must have formed a precious triumvirate. Santa Anna’ getting wind of what was going on, despatc! ed courier after courier to him. The moment he re- ceived the timely hint, he took his best troops and returned by forced marches, not, however, without meeting be pal resistance from Alvarez. Bat tue vigorous and resolute old gentleman was not t» be 80 cory headed off, and soon cut his way throug). Arrived now at the capital, the struggle is who shal! lie and flatter the more effectually, whilst the San- 8 and puros are endeavoring to form a junc- inst the conservadores and the church! e Mexican politics, The government (that is to say, Bonilla,) has been po srg. Shetal among them, the wife of Haro, former! ie secretary of Alvarez, and now banished to Tabasco. They put her in the convent of San Bernardo, (which is a prison,) and inzomrni- cedo—that is, in solitary confinement. When her friends applied to Lares, the aforesaid Minister of Justice, to be allowed to visit her and supply her with money and such little comforts as she might need, herefused. They then implored that her in- faht might be permitted to take its nourishment at her bosom; again “no.” Doyle, the British Minis- ter, who, whatever be the faults of his head, has, at least an Irishman’s heart, went to Bonilla'and de- manded, as man of man, that the mother should not be torn from her helpless infant; conjuring him by the name of his own wife and by the love of his own children, not to Suffer such an inhuman thing to continue. Well, Bonilla actually relented and gave orders for the child to be taken to its mother once a day. Bravo, Doyle! Hurroo for ould Ireland! There is something so warm and sublime in thecore ofan Irishman’s heart, that we can almost forgive them their heads. Other women have fled and are concealed from the police, who are in hot pursuit of them, on ac- count of political offences. Masson, editor of the Trait d’ Union, the French paper published in Mexico, has been fined $400 for saying that “the ene hal arches erected for the rande entrée of H. S. H. were not high enough for jim to pass under, with all the laurels and co won in the late campaign towering above his head.” Good! If scandalum magnatum met its appropri- ate punishment ina certain other country, which I won't name, certain other paper, which I won't name either, would never have dared to have poked s0 much fun at old fuss and feathers. . No local news. There is a good deal of vomito among the troops, and but little in the town. Weather hot. Theatres and Exhibitions. Broapway Tararre.—“Faustus” will be repre- sented again this evening, with the same good cast, grand scenic and mechanical effects, full operatic chorus and corps de ballet. “Antony and Cleopatra,” a very amusing farce, will also be given. Bowery THEatreE.—The new drama, styled the “Dawn of the Stars and Stripes,” and the successful spectacle of “Salvator Rosa,” are advertised for the amusement of the dramatic public this evening. Nisto’s Ganpen.—“ Bella la Paqueretto,” con- tinues to be well received. It isto be repeated to- night, together with the comic pantomime of “De- chalumeau,” in which Francois Ravel will sustain his great character of Roquinet. Nationat Tneatne.—To-night will be the last but two of the engagement of Messrs. Cony and Tay lor and Master Cony. They will appear in the drama of the “Cross of Death” and the “Monkey of sl The “Fairy Light Guard” will also be played. : Waxtacs’s ToEaTre.—Sheridan’s comedy of the “Rivals” will be played this evening, in which Messrs. Dyott, Blake, Lester, Brougham, Walcot, Thompson, Mrs. Blake, and Mrs. Conway will a pear. The farce of “Kill or Cure” will close tl amusements. American Mussum.—tThe “Fairy Light Guard” and the faree of “Slasher and Crasher’’ are the pieces selected for the amusements of this after- noon, and in the evening the domestic drama of the “Willow Copse.” Mr. Clarke and Miss Mestayer in the leading parts. . JULLIEN’s Concerts.—To-night is Jullien’s bene- fit, when, no doubt, Castle Garden will be crowded to its utmost capacity, thereby giving him a sub- stantial pet of the esteem in which his well-di- rected efforts to advance and exalt the taste for music of the highest class are held by our citizens. It is only on the eve of his departure that his vast superiority as a great orchestral leader and com- poser are duly appreciated. In the American Quadritle he showed’ us what could be done with our own melodies; and in his Farewell Valse -he has poetically and truthfully described in musi- cal painting, not only serrow of the heart at part- ing, but pleasi months spent among us, the two opposite feelings being so besutifully blended that we know not which most to admire. The me for his benefit is immensely strong, among the cin novelties a new quadrille from Spoke's opera of “ Faust”—e new grand symphony, and by general cesire, the American Quad: » Prima Donna and Farewell Valses. Cumisty’s Minstrevs.-—The Mb grrr for this evening contains a great variety those favorite melodies which has made this band so very popular. Woon’s Mrystrers are atill drawing lar; houses. In the programme for this evening will found many pleasing sone besides the operatic burletta of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Buckiey’s Senenapars.—The introduction of burlesque opera at this establishment seems to be crowned with success. The opera of “Sonnambula” is announced again for this evening. The stage, secnery and drop curtain.are ‘admired by all who visit this place of amusement. Mammorn Tree.—The exhibition of the great California tree is given during the day and evening, at 696 Broadway. It is well worth seeing. frenor Britz will give an afternoon and evening entertainment at Washington Hall, Astoria, oa Monday next. Tue Fine Derauruext or Nawark.—A_ general meeting of the Newark Iire Department will be held this evening, to decide whether the companies will enter into the new paid organization. Meetings of some of the companies have already been held, which have decided not to enter the new department. The Newark Advertiser says:—Hook and Ladder Com- yauy No. 1, have adopted a resolution that the com- pany would present their names for election to the new department, thongh they agreed that some pro- visions of the recent. ordinance might be amended to become more satisfactory. The wardens took pre- paratory measures for dissolution when the time of the present department ‘expires, and will not, as we understand, becorae me: of the new one, their objections not being so much against the paid fea- tures #3 some other provisions of the ordinance. The general meeting of the firemen on Thursday evening will give a final decision, but it is definitely. understood that a great majority of the present mem bers of the department are entirely averse to enter. ing into the new one; though there are some mem, bers in perhaps every company, who will do so. through a desire to serve in snch a capacity and.se. cure for themselves the exempt privileges. The fire. men are very ly engaged in instituting socie ties among themselves of an instructive character’ intending to provide rooms for discussion, reading, libraries, &c. Some attention is still given to the subject of a Chief Engineer under the new ordinance. Of those mentioned a few days since, Mr. George H. Jones seems to receive a fH gay accept: ance. He is regarded as well qualified for the post as a citizen and fireman. Thaura or BaLtiMone.—The report of the Health Commiseioner for the week ending on yosterday morning, shows a total of eighty-five interments within the city. Of these eighiven wore of con- etimption, and forty-five were under ten years of age. The total shows a ratio of one to every twen- ty-three hundred and fifty of the whole population. isa fact that the regular returns show the mor tality among children under ten years of age to ) erica Mey 20 ing recollections of many haj PY | all the remairider,—Hajtimorg | vinces, 0 THE EDITOR OF THE BERALD. Dear Sim:—In you: editorial article this morning upon the treaty with the British provinces, I find some remarks based upon an evident misunder- standing of the provinc’ai tariffs; and consequently 80 liable to mislead the large circle of your readers, that I must request the privilege of a small space in your columns for a explanation. You remark that the provinces are unwilling to bear any portion of the burden of your tariff on Eng- lish manufactures. As this tariffis kept at a high rate exclusively for the benefit cf the United States, I am at a loss to comprehend upon what ground the provinces could be expected to share it. English manufactures are taxed on importation into the provinces precisely at the same rate as American. The system of differential duties that existed previous to 1848 has been oairaly abolished. The provinces cannot legally raise the duty on British manufactured goods, without raising it upon all foreign to the same standard. Admission to our markets u) the same terms with the pro- ducts of other parts of the British empire, is quite as much as can reasonably required for American productions. The provinces certainly do impose mn sugar and tobacco duties heavy in comparison with other articles on their own moderate tariff, but this can in no way disadvantageously affect the American producer, except as far as it may possibly check consumption, as we not only do not raise these articles upon our own soil, but we levy the same duties on them, whether imported from the British East and West Indies or from t United States and other foreign countries. “he consequence of which is that ‘all of the sugar con- sumed in the provinces is of foreign growth, princi- pally Spanish and American, Tobacco is exclusive- ly imported from the United States, with tho trifling exception of segars from Cuba. Owing to the large differential duties on foreign sugar in England, until lately, and owing to its quality being better suited for the refiners than the provincial market, the British West India sugars have been shipped exclu- sively to the English market; and even with a mo- derate differential duty in its favor, previous to 1548, not one cask found its way to the provinces, except for reshipment to England. Free negro sugar has Feldom been tasted by a British American on this side of the Atlantic north of the latitude of Bermuda. Tea imported by provincial merchants directly from China and Brit'sh India, pays precisely the same duty with that Amporte from the United States or from Great Britain. It could therefore in no way fac. cate the trade in that article with Ame- Tica (already considerable) to abolish the duties upon it, as we certainly could not receive it duty free from the United States and charge duties on it when nmported by our own countrymen. On. the veil question I shall be very brief. When the United States gives up her sovereignty over those bays and harbors indenting her territory, that are more than six miles wide, as Massachusetts, New York, Long Island Sound, &c., except to a dis- tance of three miles from shore, we will reconsider the interpretation of the fishery treaty. Until then we shall expect the United ‘States to respect our rights, founded on the same basis. Tam, respectfully, A BritisH AMERICAN. New York, May 30, 1854. Z Topographical Survey of the Lakes. ba i The Detroit Free Pres May 26.) The labors of the corps of United States Topo- graphical Engineers, detailed for the duty of sur- veying tke northwestern lakes, has already com- menced for the season, Captain Scammon having left some days since on the Northerner for St. Mary’s river, for the purpose of making a minute examination of thé intricate p: 8 of Lake George, hitherto no slight obstruction a eos tothe Sant, and with strong expectations of being able to define a new channel on the west side of the lake, both wider and deeper than the one at pre- sent used. He will also, before returning to the regular field work of the season, stake out the new channel through the Neebish Rapids. Caytain 8. has the folldwing gentlemen:—Mesars. Herding, Muller, Williams, and Penny, as ee assistant in the party under his command, who will be en- d ‘for some months in the survey of the St. ftary's river, below and above the Saut falls. Lieut. Reynolds leaves to-day on the steamer Michigan, with his corps, consisting of Messrs. Lamson, Henry and Gilman, for the scene of their cpemasicas, at the foot of Lake Michigan, and in- cluding also the Beaver Islands and adjacent shores, immediately in the track of the immense carrying trade to Chicago and other Lake “Michigan ports; and Captain Macomb, in command of the’ corps, will immediately resume his labors in the field, as fe superintendent of the survey, aided by deut. Rose and assistants, on board the iron survey- ing steamer. The importance of these surveys is, we trust, be- coming more fully appreciated, as their beneficial results are yearly made more apparent in the amount of work already formed, all of which has been done under the direction of Capt. Macomb, who also charges himself with the general triangu- lation, the marking and surveying distant shoals beyond the reach of small boats, the general or deep water soundings, and the astronomical deter- mination of ns, The work al. completed consists of the ex- tire survey of Lake Erie, with Detroit river—of Green Bay, from “Death’s Door” to the head of the bay—the delta of St. Clair river-—the Straits of Mackinac, from ten miles east of the Detour pas- sage to the most eastern of the Beaver Island group in Lake Michigan, covering an area of some three thousand square miles—Lake George, and the Nec- bish Rapids in the river St. Mary. There have also been published a general chart of Lake Erie, one of St. Clair river, of Green Bay, of the west end of Lake Erie, together with a harbor shect of the Bass Island group, exhibiting minutely the harbors of re- fuge and the eee eed in the vicinity. Charts of the Neebi pids, River St. Mary and the head of Green Bay and entrance to Fox river, and of the Straits of Mackinac, are now in rapid progress, and’ will be ready for publication ag the close of the season. Last year’s operations on these straits brought to Tight several dangerous sheals not heretofore known, which were marked by temporary stakings, to warn the navigator in advance of the ‘publication of the chart. Good harbors are also found on both the novth and south sides of the straita, and on the north | of Bois Blanc Island, as well as good holding grounds on the east and west ends of the straits, hitherto un- | known. A fine ehannel, three or four miles in width | and from five te fourteen fathoms deep, is now shown on - south side of ae Sauna t which on season may be ver merally adopted; and another, half a mile wide, With a depth of three fathoms, on the sonth side of Wangoshance light, hitherto an | intricate and fee igs locality. A new channel through the Neebish Rapids, alsoon the west side of the river, has been discovered, far superior to the one alpresent used-on the east side, which must materially improve navigation in that quarter. An idea of the extreme care and accuracy with | which all there surveys are: made, can be gathered from the fact that in the Mackinac Straits alone, over one hundred and thirty. thousand soundings have been made and recorded, most of which have been platted, and: will be recorded on the chart which now im progress of pre aration. nding over obtained hy Capt. M. , its point some fifteen mak t honse, near the mouth of the found a depth of 412 fect. w of the already immense and rapidly x commerce of our lakos, it is to be ta larger yearly appropriation is 1 nable the “department im. charge g a greatly angmented force, to ha heir work to a more rapid competi survey of the Atlantic aud Gal? « hase been for year: ‘ge a9 those mads for th pay plone ng more than thre ad in ony year the commerce of ovr lakes i shown to be actually greater thea the entire caasting trade of the © try. The vast interests involwed in this mo. wowever, ore alremly dally engrossing more public attention, and willsoon, we doubt no the autharization and support of a syste veys, of amore extended character, and m: cordance with the necessities. of the vast tesritory bounded by ous great, inland seas. es the amount Exrcosion oF trae Guwrowpre Mitts at Sace orn ee.—Tae explosion of the powder mils at Sau | rties, on the 25th ult.. waa very terrific, aud te sheok was felt @ great distance. "Gi ken, out of @ hovse four and a hall n mite, anc at caher places stil further the earth trembles, as if from tha shock of an earthquake. The emount ef powder destroyed and which causal the explosion was equak to five handed kegs, which was leying wapacked in the mill. Before the explo~ sion, some eight or ten persons bad left the mili, and were st the landing when it took place, but low the accident ocgurred vo person can tel. Of the seven persons in the mill, only two Germans were Wentified, and they were 60 badly mangled that one of them was only identified by a wound he had pie viously received. The body of one of these was fornd one mile from the mill, and scattered frag ments of the other two miles fromm it. In the cona- try for miles nd, there were picked up fragments of human beings, a bone here and a plece 6! fosh there, Lut af the other fite men who were knows to Lave been in the building, nothing bot fragmen es could be found. Four af them have left wid swa, and ‘hree of them families. They were all Germans. pemas W. Kinsman has been wentenret 7 . Sis Cotsinbe, £. C., to be hang for slave stonling, Me wife an ight ghildzen. . ine on the lakes ; add yet | t ) We The Women's State Temperance Convention is to be held in Syracuse on the 7th and 8th days of June. eee ane ae was shot, and se- but not fatally wounded, in Newark, New Jezsey, on the 29th ult., by some unknown person. The cause, it is said, lies in the fact that Mr. Oden has been parti- cularly efficient in making complaints agaiast unliszensod liquor sellers, and bringing them to ‘prosecution; and through his efforts a number of places where liquor was sold illegally have been broken up. ‘The Staunton (Va.) Vindicaor states that on the 21st ult. the County Court—the entire number of Justices in the county having been summoned for the occasion— granted license to applicants to retail ardent spirits in the county, by a vote of 17 to 13. . The Maine law passed the Legislature of Prince Fa- Ward’s Islond on the 29th ult., after a hard battle—the vote standing 15 to 7. The Warrenton (Va.) Flag states that the most im- portant thing done at ‘the late term of the Fauquier County Court, was the making it obligatory upon all keepers of public houses who apply for licenses, to take an ouih to sell no liquor to white minors or negroes. THE BOSTON FUGITIVE SLAVE CASE. The Examination of Barns Continued. i Prop the Boston Atlas, May 31.) The trial of Anthony Burns is stil) progreasing before Commissioner Loring. Yesterday, the evi- dence for the defence was put in, showing that Burns was in Boston on or about the first of March, although the claimants allege that he escaped from Virginia on the 24th, The prospect is conseyuent- ly much more favorable for the prisoner, and the authorities are, Lowever, stiil on the alert, but every oe was quiet in the square Saroaghions the day. ‘The Roxbury Artillery relieved the City Guards at the City Hall, yesterday morning, and remained on duty during the day and last night. They will be relieved this morning. Another company of U. S. morines were sent for to Portsmouth yesterday, and arrived here last evening, under command of Capt. W. L. Young. They were quartered in the Court House. It is estimated that the entire bill of expense at- tending the proceedings connected with the arrest ot Burns, will exceed the sum of thirty thousand 10] ie The crowd in Court square yesterday was compa- ratively small, and manifested no excitement. No arrests were made for disorderly conduct. EXAMINATION BEFORE THE UNITED STATES COMMIS- BSIONBR CONTINUED. Less difficulty was experienced yesterday morning in obtaining access to the court room, both the ma- rines and the outsiders being less “excited” than heretofore. Among the noted anti-slavery men resent were Wendell Phillips and Rev. Theodore Parker. ‘The Commissioner came in at J o'clock, and at 94 the trial proceeded. _Mr. Ellis addressed the Court in continuation of his opening argument in favor of the prisoner. The counsel for defence stood there as lawyers, asking the prisoner's discharge under the law, and they hoped his Honor would give not a feather’s weight to the insinnations that they desired anything else. They object to the complaint, that it is only a vague general allegation. There is no title or charge made with shfficient Daceieley, There is a defect in this warrant and complaint, that they do not pray for legal pxecess, but for the restoration of Barns to the claimant in the State of Virginia. . This is not in the power of this Court to grant; the statute Roe only that if the facta are proved, he shall delivered up here—not in Virginks., He assailed the statute under which the proceed- ings are held, as being unconstitutional in several important particulars. Every Court of record in thirty odd States cannot practically be known and recognized. Here he cited Greenleaf's Evidence to show that the laws and records of one State must be proved in another under the common rules of evi- dence, and argued that behind this record it must be shown what is the law under which it was made. It is Virginia law that description alone is no proof of slavery. ‘The learned counsel : Yon rely from the laws of Virginia respecting slavery. ¢ claimants must prove before this tribunal Burns’ descent from a slave mother, and all the facts necessary to establish @ state of servitude, in the same manner that they would be compelled to do in Virginia. The admis- sions or confessiois of Burns should not be received, hecanse,as has been held by Southern Courts, his admissions are likely to be only such a3 may please his master. pane stated in support of their title that Suttle did mortgage his slave, unless they also | show that the mortgage was raised, their claim fails, | because the legal title resides, not with Suttle—the mortsazer—but with the mortgagee. Another de- fect in their claim is, that they do not prove a strict exact escape. They have no case upon their own | soring heir evidence of identity is altogether insufficient ; there must be something beside the mere statement of one person. Mr. Eilis then entered into an elaborate analysis of the analogies between the present Fugitiv law and the law of 93, to show the weight w! should be attached to prece Decisions had been made whieh were proper sub- jects of precedent, that the facts of servitude end escape must both be made out. This the claimants | had failed todo. Other decisions, founded on the } idea of the good faith subsisting between the diffe- rent sections of the Union, were not now authorita- tive,no such good faith now existing in point of ; fact, a8 recent events go te prove. He contended that this court is a judicial power, because its decision is final. It decides the question of property in this man Burns, and these proceed- ings are preliminary to nothipg. The only aygum »nt that this is nota judicial tribunal, is that it is not judicial in form. By this Fugitive Slave law the trial by jury is impaired; it undertakes to cud off all form of such | trial. Under the law of 1793 there were as man; as six forms in which the question of the prisorer’s freedom might have been tested m the State courts, and after judgment there were still further oppor- tunities for such test. | His concluded by restating what: they expected te ! os hy the evidence in addition to the points of law. They relied not merely upon the infirmities of | the claimant’s case, but also upon thejustice of their’ | own. Me should show that, aside from the iniqui- | ties of the law, this was a case commenced and car- ried forward in wrong, ad nothing but wrong. The defence then proceeded to call their evidence. FYIDENCE POR DEFENCE. | Williars Jones (colorv’) sworn—Live in South | Boston; em a laboring maa; know Burns; first saw | him on Washington street, first day of March; ; stood and talked with him about work: employed him Mare’ 4th to go to work in the Matapan Works, South Boston; we cleaned windows there; | he worked with me five days; the day I saw him | took him into Mr. Russell's shop and asked the day f the month, #0 a to put it down; am in the habit | keeping a memorandum bosk; have a mremoran- dum of his commencing work on March 4th; I can’t | write; Mr.Russell made these entries in my book; Lagreed to give him eight cents a windovs; when we got throwgh with the windows gave him $1 60; he ssid | brdn’t settled up right; he went to the clerk about it. [Witness produced and idsntified his book.}, From this book em able to verify these dates | have mentioned. Crose-exemined—Never saw Burns till I sow him in Wash n street; he spoke to me first; don’t know wh of the wee iS was on the right hand side of the atrect, below the Commun- wrelth office; he was ;it was aboat aloven k; be had digeyent clothes from what he has i 4 ness to exami ost and e cap ¢ sipped wy 4 March, it cones so 7 £e0 The man any ro0Te | twenty times that day | with me than | the ext, and t Tected tezee him in court here; if we went to 8 ory Hall; Gould rns, bat don’t know whather le noticed him went throngh Several strects and got Some b did ne- thing that dey; next day the 1 did wa to get up; went dewn to Mats) «l saw Mr. Sawyer; tasked sith him ehout taking wert here about 2 or 12 o'clock, fixed son whe y of the week; tl at the wo re ene o'cloe werked there fice clethes only oh | the | ther or the, day of the week,’it f ; Berns wit with me a to vee Mfr. Gould and | lth ef Moreh: we | Ports kept fire under the { think the 18th w Brine since; he etai tern all this time he didn’t beard at my ho. , ask him if he had anoth and slept there; didn't i x place; never saw Borns alter till Sunday morning; saw him looking out of the window, an’ recognized him; went to Revore Honse and called n Col. Suttle hefore | saw Duras; never saw Suttle with watchman Allea to protect the city pro} Frees me and a ts oe together, pro- tectip, city property; syed myself to do its after [saw Burns’ head ous of the winkow, teceeht it my duty to come and testify the truth—that I saw him on the first of March; Mr. Suttle told me he left en mo aoc March; US she tekapeag | nowledge about this prisoner yesterday about o'clock; ah of it to stran; 4 Dakinow who; told it to Mr. Maddox yt lay; came into Court House this morning with Lawton; spoke to hit this morning gt 9 o’clock; was at the meet- ing in Faneuil Hall; staid in the square all > didn’t know anything about the attack on the door; when I got here it was all over; first heard this man called Anthony Burns inthe paper; often called hing John or some short name; he was going to ive ma his neme and I said ‘No, no, no, no, wait a little;' spoke to Cariton (identifying that officer) in ‘arshal’s office; didn’t say Burns was Suttle’s slaves the Marshal said he wouldn’t permit his own master” to sce him; said I doubted if he had one; didn’t say ik advise him to go back with his master— -— ir. G. H. Drew swern—Was bookkeeper at the Mata- oS Company in March last, up to the company’s ailure, or the 15th of this month; knew of Jones being employed to clean windows, the first part of March last; ‘was there several days; was cleaning, whitewashing and painting lathes; there were two or three with him; from the time wus there did not see Burns till I came in with you (Mr. Ellis), yester- day; when | saw Burns, recognized him; recognise him now; Jones and he came in and asked for a '. and staid some time; asked Jones if this was his ther; he said “ Yes, all men are my brothers;” this. was about the first of March ; this Barns asked me, after they got through work, how much I paid Ji Burns left before they got through; have no doubta as to this being the one; didn’t notive the scar om account of the position of my desk ; saw him twice after that, and know this is the man; when I came in yesterday, he followed me with his eyes all the way round the room, and I thought he ‘recognized ne Cross-examined—Didn’t see him but twice, to no- tice him particularly; saw him but a moment, whem he asked what I paid Jones; yesterday noon ie sent for as a witness; don’t know who sent; nothing to Burns Rta Mr. Stetson, of New York, a mechanical engineer, a relative of mine, came for me; he said they might want me as a wit- ness; thought he was joking; was at the Court House before, but had not been in this room; was not here at the court room on Friday, or at the Fa- neuil Hall meeting; was here only an hour on Sa- bre i never noticed the scar on his face or hia hand. Here (at ten minutes to 2)the Court adjourned till three o'clock. AFTERNOON SESSION. ‘The evidence for the defence was continued. George H. Drew recalled—Paid $1 50 to Jones om the 4th of March, and settled finally with him on the 28th; had paid him in all, from time to time, $33 60, including the final payment. James F. Whittemore sworn—Am a machinists have been connected with the Matapan Works; am a member of the Common Council; returned from the West on the 8th of March; knows the prisoners saw him on the 8th or 9th of March cleaning win- dows with Mr. Jones at the Matupan Works; noticed the mark upon his cheek, and a mark on his hand; noticed there was something the matter it, but did not notice what; returned Wednesday See of the 8th, and this was my first vist to the shop. Cross-examined—Know that I returned on the 8th of March; was in the counting room the morni 1 business had got along during my absence; he was cleaning windows on the outside of the office; did not mention the scar on his hand toany cne at the time; am one of the partners; don’t recollect when the company failed; the next time I saw Burns was this morning at 10 o'clock; came to sec if I could identify him; no one asked me; something was said about this being the man who worked there at the shop, and I knew very well | could identify him; did iden- tify him; told Mr. Putnam, one of my old partners, that was the man; first intimation [ had that this was the man was at Mr. Ellis’ office, where I heard some men talking of it; Mr. Drew, Mr. Putnam, and others were the men; had no particular business aé that office; went with Mr. Putnam; don’t know what his business was; there was a rumor yesterday that there would be an attempt te prove that Burns was here before March 24; don’t know who told me; heard it at our armory (that of the Pulaski Guards) last night; heard there that Jones employed him, and would swear to the fact; said nothing to Captaim Wright about it; Mr. Drew and Hibbard were in Mr. Ellis’ office, and another man; there was a notice or summons served on me this morning, and them 1 came to sce this man; was then at Mr. Ellie? cfiice; Mr. Jones was not there then, but came im shortly atter; have had no conversation with Jones before or since then on this subject. Direct resamed—Am a lieutenant of the Pulaski Gnards, and a hunker whig; have no special interest in this trial; have not cenversed with Jones or the counsel in this case. _ Stephen Maddox (colored) sworn—Deal in cloth- ing at 72 Easex street; saw the prisoner about noom on or about the Ist of Mareh, in my place of busl- ness, with Mr. Jones; was there five or ten minutess that is the man over there; I fix the time by Jones inquiring for work; told hiesT had none; out- side work would commence in about two mont or the first of May; noticed the mark on his cheeks didn't see him again till to-day, about ten o'clock; ir as pointed out to me, but I recognized him my- se Cross examined—Was not born here in Bostons didn’t ask Burns his name; no name was mentioned. by Jones or any one, while Burns was there; was im about the centre of the shop; did not ask - an: about that man then; never saw him before, or si till to-day; inclined to think he had light clothes on; don’t recollect whether he had a hat or cep on; think he Wad something on his head, else E : first saw Jones about an hour; went to see how | should have noticed it; about 10 o'clock Inst night Jones told me I was summoned to come up here, om aecount of this man; didn’t talk about the man with Jones; came in the court room with Jones; have not be a with Jones today; spoke two or three mifiites with Jones about the man last night; wasim Mr.-Ellis’ office this: morning, when there was con- vereation about this man; Jones was there; suj he joined in the conversation; no one has reminded , me of the conversation I had with Jones in Marols last; came past the Court House on Friday about 10 o'clock; came from the meeting.in Hall;, staid about 20-minutes at the corner of the square; was in the square about half an hour on Sat- urday; was not here Sunday. Wm. G. Culver sworo—Am a blacksmith; worked for the Matapan Co. in March last; Mr. Jones cleaned the windows there about the first of March. Favor, carpenter—Saw Jones about-the first arch in my shop; two or three o'clock in the noon; he asked where he could find employ~ or the colored man with him. Witness iden- he prisoner as the person he saw then in bis ‘Thinks it was certainly as early as the fifth as-examingtion elicited nothing important. ilman, sworn—Worked at the Matapam ing, in March last. Identified the pri- @ worked at the Matapan Works, tthe first of March. Jones yesterday saw me, hed if T recollected the man that worked with ( winter, and I told him that | did; no one ce tome about it, and this morning T was ined.—Miglt have sold something te marks on Burns, but don’t lect has it was; think this work was aboat t of March, Because it was near pay day, which March Ist. A. Putnem, sworn.—Am a machinist; work- Ma sn Company last March; Jones the first of March. an the first part of the month Ellis’s office by Mr. Drew's don't know whether I asked iceman; have ning windows with Jones at the ks, ohont the frat of March; worked mysalf at the time on a job; have not the < dombt abont the man. amined—My attention was first called to about the ense this afternoon; when I waa Burne’ having worked over there, I came my own motion and recogaized him at chee 48 the man; I then spoke to Dr. ‘k about its don't know how the counsel were informed, and hap- to coll me; Was not aware that the time of orkiog at the Mattapan Works was mate ik there about the 20th of March; Jones ebeutten doys before; this man with Jones; never beard his name ved there; am noton duty in the daytime, of emergency; recognise Barna pearence and the mark on his faces in that Tthought T could tell if 1 D York I had rocogaized hims 1 fifteen minutos or so he- or noticed anything pecu- liar about Burns’ band. ‘This concinded the testimon: the defence, lion the 18th of tilding ; Was tiere » Jones worked there om or three hours ; ho worked 1@ Probate Court for me two or three hours ing, onthe mornings of the 16th aad U7th ; | did not see Burns with him ; two women wi has charge of oy with him ; a brother of mine buildings ; did not see any others at work 4 Silag Capleton—Know Jones; have tal€ed with