The New York Herald Newspaper, May 21, 1854, Page 3

cHE i a aie i 2f il Sataty bontoct tay walvay’, The unde . The under- Pash onlies seh of yma mi ‘The front hair is d in bandeaux, and a iting of the black hair is scross the hae patter tie head. Under this hair a band of white ribbon, which is fi is mt je by an ornament, cousisting of a small pearls. The wreath, which is worn at the the head, is composed of jasmine, white roses, blossom, and under it is fixed a superb lace, which forms the bridal veil. In front fal 2, 3 a2 tT i the ‘small bouquet of the same flowers as Tene erase a The wreath, ‘The prayer-book is cov- ered with white terry velvet, embossed with silver, and tened by a mother o’-pearl clasp. Boots of white FE ENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON FASHION AND DRESS. New mantelets, adapted to summer wear, are daily g their appearance. They are various fn eolor as well asin form, The kind of mantelet most likely to this year—if we may Ju from present appearances—is Small in size, ing only to the waist; but itis usually by means of rich and fell which cover the arms and flow gracefully over the skirt of the dress. These mantelets are open or in front, voor an 4 they are intended for negligé @ more elegant style of walking costume. For “ , and other sombre colors are mantelets are trimmed with frills silk, edged by one, two, and sometimes even by three ribbon, and surmounted by a ruche of the mantelet of this kind recently made for a vei yy, is it is fastened al Exe composed of gray silk. ‘ont by a bow of ribbon, of the same color i § as the silk, with long flowing ends, and the frill which forms the trimming is gathered up at the inside of the arm by asimilar bow. Several mantelete of black silk have trimmed with two frills, edged with a deep scallop, and some have within each scallop a bouquet of flowers worked in embroidery. Mantelets of the scarf also fashionable. Many are magnificently em- broidered and trimmed with lace; others are composed entirely of black lace. ‘The red within the last week for the forth- coming festivities of the London season, consist for the xoost part of silk of various kinds, viz., brocade, figured with bouquets of fowers of variegated colors, lampas in rich arbesque epetterns, moire-antique lamé with gold and ae satin, and silk ornamented with a pattern a me of the new evel dresses just completed in Paris, are trimmed in a novel style, with applicatur of velvet and satin, in two different colors. One of these dresses is composed of white satin, trimmed with floun- een of velvet alternating with flounces of white eatin, there being three of terry velvet, and two of white satin. The white satin flounces are ornamented at the nae wits & wreath of roses, and the remaining por- tion wi ater a meee ine. :sesa) rae leave the whole pattern composed of pink velvet applicatur. " the velvet flounces the same pattern is repeated in of whitesatin. This trimming is peculiarly We ought sonths thet the flounces are set on in ht ess, and that they are scalloped at the edges. A dress of white tulle has just been completed fora lady of rank, attached to Majesty’s court. This dress has two jupes—the under one trimmed to the height of the knees with a bouillonne of tulle, inter- mingled at intervals with sprays of sweetbriar, haw- ni thorn and the mulberry in fruit. The u jupe is en- tirely covered by af Pr sage, and eonfine the folds of » berthe of guipure. slesien sun Yong sport, averteg ori tia ahoelsac: bat are lengthened by sprays of flowers, which droop over the arm.. The couftare which accompanies this dress con- sists of a demi-wreath placed iF art at the back of the head, and terminating at each in long sprays, which droop nearly to the shoulder. A dress of amber:color erape has been made for the seme lady. It is trimmed to the dress just described. The bou- of the service tree, intermin- seen a drees for slight mou over which is worn a tunic of bI with a very rich palm-leaf and covered with blonde, ap agraffe.of pearls, and in front of the corsage a erpament, with a triple pendent attached. The coi for thie dress is a row of ouble bandeaux of hair, and Plait at the back peendid ace ornament with pendants, ‘the tame as that worn in of the corsage. Another evening dress suited to m: Diack lace, each surmounted by a trimming of jet. The short sleeves and the corsage, which is low and poiated infront, are trimmed with alternate rows of lace and jet. in the centre of the corsage is to be worn an agraffe of ‘the most splendid ametbysts, and in the hair a diadem of amethysts and jet. ‘The under sleeves most generally worn and best adapted to the spring season are formed of one bouil- Jopné, or puff, and are fastened at the wrist by a very narrow band of peoarsign poor an esig of 5, dress, they may be made or sp> ulle, or o} Brostells ‘tulle, spr ‘with small flowers.’ These d with bows of narrow sleeves are freq trimme: ribbon, of a color harmonising with that of the dress. composed of black satin, cages crags on ern. cor: is low, ‘On each sleore is #6 be word costume Theatres and Exhibitions. evening, with the same good scene and of the “Forty Thieves,” which is well cast, will also be given. Niv10's Garpzn.—The new ballet of ‘‘ Genevieve, row night. Mille. Yrca Mat family will appear. selected are the comedy of the “ Hone: the “ Two Buzzards.”” In addition: to the regular Don. Natrona TeaTre—Mr. Purdy has engaged Messrs. Cony and Taylor and Master. Cony, with their hi, trained dogs. They avill make their first foc ind ce to-morrow © in the “Forest of Bondy” and the “Ourang .” The “Maniac Lover” will be the commencing piece. The old standard prices areto be 5 “ss You Like It,” in which Mr. Waliack will sus tain the character of Jacques, will be played to- morrow » Mr. W. will be supported by the entire a aaa rngeenio farce of “Love and Murder” terminate all. formance toanorrow aoe, in c ion of the two hundredth, and positively last night of the “ Ameri tan el All the most popular of Bouchalle will’ ican Juilien’s old. several ji Hons, wil be ‘On thin owcasom also bir. maie her appearance at these concerts. immense attendance may he expected. ’ of An AMERICAN Muazum.—The tragedy Ae Shore,” and the amusing fareo of “ Deaf as a Powe are to be represented to-morrow evening, the casts ssn armas Oye, erat a vill be given th the tieernocn ll a Cuniery’s Mixsrres conti to give their de‘incations at Mechanics’ ai.“ The pr vaane for to-morrow evel comprises several of thei best negro aeeciens , hoy Woon’s Minstrexs.— Uncle Tom’s Cabin” ie assigned to Mr. Conway, Mr. Pope and Mme. Ponisi. The amusing piece, enuitled i I,” closes the entertainments, on sees by a bouquet | Zaliwski, in 1834, Wasurnoton Crry, May 17, 1854. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Thave luckily obtained a copy of an address from the Polish Exiles in London to the of the United States, which Ienclose. It was forwarded to the President by Mr. Buchanan, our minister at London, with a very eloquent and touching letter. This memorial gives the best elucidation of the Po- Nish questton that has been written. It cannot fail to be read with interest throughout the United States. It is understood to have been written by Stanislaus Worcell, distinguished as a philosopher, scholar, and patriot:— x. TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AME- RICA, THE MEMORIAL OF THE POLISH CENTRAL DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE. Poland, every way oppressed as she is, may wor- thily understand the grandeur and the bearing of American policy. She does understand them; she appreciates both the inner meaning of the manifes- tations of American sympathy with the elements of the European future, and also the reserve imposed on those manifestations by existing international relations; and, respecting that reserve, but profit- ing by the last and perhaps the most significant of those manifestations, she, through us, would place in the hands of the government of the New World those informations which she knows to be indispen- sable to every State preparing to actively influence the future destinies of Burope. It is to this, by their position, by their power, by the renovating principle which, in the strength of their youth, they inaugurated in modern history that the United States of North America seem to be called. In proclaiming themselves independent, and at the same time republican, in the face of a world Ke altogether monarchical, they boldly took the initiative of that progressive movement which was ‘%® draw all peoples after them, and assured them- selves the firet place in the. new order of things created by them. And, as if the republican principle itself had need- e to Cig By as seliation ae i serpent tn lopement alo ie the o at, republic o° the ictataieal Eur peor that pe Poland en iring under the violence of royal conspeatoes and the de leterious influence of monarchical elements which had been introduced into its bosom, sent the latest, of the heroes of her past to die under the walls of Savannah, and borrowed from the war for American pod ie the hero-initiator of her future—Kos- jusko, To the American monument of Pulaski responds the mound raised to Kosciusko upon his natal shore by the hands of all Poland; and, since the mighty les hovering over them aero Proabn ¢ the thickness of the terrestrial globe, the indissoluble pact is sworn of the common destinies of America and Poland. | For since then Poland has not one instant ceased to live in the shrond with which the kings had wrapped her; and, atthe moment in which America is preparing to give back to her old mother, Europe, that yout fe whose germs were her's, and | to preside over her future destinies, Poland finds her- self ready to re-enter the lists and to re-conquer the existence which the monarchies refuse her. _ It is this last fact which should be known to Ame- Tica; it is of this that we are to inform her—and we are competent to do it; for, representing in the emi ion the renovati: rinciple of Poland, that of its future vitality, we have since 1830 mixed in all the manifestations of Polish national life, from those of the martyrs of the expedition of Colonel those of the prisoners issuing in 1848 from the di ms of Berlin, own names which since, even until now, have borne witness to the vitality of their country before the inquisitors and the executioners of Vienna, of Berlin, of Warsaw, and of Petersburg. Tt is also we, the Polish Democratic Society, who ‘have furnished chiefs to those sons of Poland who, wauting battle-fields in their own country, have sought them since 1849 in Hun; » in Italy, in Germany, bearing the Polish flag wherever floated that of freedom, of which it was the inseparable companion. and the un led with leaves. The mow orders consequent on a recent death in | # poble family, jude, for day costume, dresses of black | yoplin, grenadine, and barege. The bonnets mostly con- | Bick of erape. For evening parties, rich black lace is a | favorite material 1 | , employed either for the entire dress or | form of em! for flouucing dresses of another texture. We have just | ascertained, ted | crape. The skirt has three flounces of | y | the vase is Broapway THEaTRE.—Mr. James Anderson, the tion was fatally imposed upon it by its position Englieh tragedian, is to personate the character of Gisippus, in Gerald Griffin's play of that name, to- ment need of time to ri morrow evening. The other leading characters are double reason, peculiar Bowery Turatns.—The new drama styled “Sal” | vator Rosa,” will be presented again to-morrow alco of habits, of beliefs, of affections, and, in cast. The carnival most of the provinces, of dialect or ar ng the entrée are much admired. The drama only sentimént which unites them is their lov company, the following 1 hag haye-volunteered :— Mile. Ducy Barre, Mr. Walter Keeble and Sir Wm. | Watiack’s Taearnr.—Shakspere’s comedy 0° | on the Juiuren’s Concents.—There will be a jubilee per- | ommemorat! But itis not of the subterranean life of Poland that we would bear witness, nor even of that eccen- tric life which, lacking scope to manifest itself with- in, broke the vase an: aprcas itself beyond, in the ition or of legion. All that is known, incontestible; and more, all that is of the past. What we would bear witness of is the near future of Poland and those elements of the : | present which already guarantee its infallible ad- 1 | Vent. ls paces between! | through a thousand channels, worn underneath bars, in the centre of the Confidants of the secret thoughts of our people, | frontier barriers and seas, by the repressed love'of liberty on one side and the exile’s love of, countr: on the other, in order that they might communi- cate together and concert the means of reunion, we simply tell you it is so, and establish the fact. | But if itis not ‘ited us to furnish the proofs of its existence, of that general, universal disposition of men’s minds which but dissembles itself the more carefully as it thereby assures itself a prompter and completer satisfaction, of that sullen fermentation, progressing in a manner so uniform, ee rapid, | as to be gy sage until the moment in which roken, we can and are about to prove that it cannot be otherwise, and that ifthe cabinets | of our oppressors misunderstand this fact, and b: | the measures which they take and the events whic! | they provoke are rendering it inevitable, it is be- ‘The lower of the wristband is trimmed with a row | cause the principle upon which they base them- of be ap nS geed a= pte! Busi p-ytneed Coad selves isa principle of death—a fatality, blinding tiue, and Brussels for those teving & Brussels ground. ‘them, and pushing them to self-destruction. One of the grounds of security upon which our oppressors are so foolishly slumbering is the appa- rent inaction of Russian-Poland in 1848, This in: then; and this position is now reversed. Nowhere more than in Poland has a general move- pen and burst forth—for a o this country :—On the one hand the want of great.centres of population and the difficulty of communication between widely- strown villages, and on the other the marked sepa- ration between the people and the noble class. This separation is one not only of interests, but ae e Ol country, but that so differently conceived that the Pag moment for rising could not be the same for i classes, unless it should be imposed upon them both by Euro) events. It is to the treasbns of the Sonnambule,” and the fairy pantomime called the nobility that the people attributes the defeat of “ Medina, or a Dream and Reality,” comprise the | the-efforts in which it entertainment announced by Mr. Niblo for to-mor- | and; though the nobles may be now ready to join in and the entire Ravel | 4 popular movement because they are convinced taken part since 1794 ; | thabwithout it their own force would be insufficient, Bortox’s Tneatre.—The benefit of Mrs. Buck- | the people would not obey the appeal of the nobles, Jand will come off to-morrow evening. The pieces | unless it obtained from them farther guarantees than ‘they have already given. For the Polish no- ‘ymoon” and — pilityalone the meaning of 1848 was clear: so the remained everywhere ive, except in the Duchy of Posen, where, lige 3 nearer to events, it better understood them, responded = an and of es rice ae epee whose icy. was one ex] iency, it ne- cessary'to calm. | Besides, TP aceded’ for the matual un of the two classes for a common movement, and still more for any concert between populations dispersed over an immense territo1 more time than eta between the triumph of February and the fall of Rome and Hungary, with- out taking into consideration the bad effect produced _ bs ged! ond g of geo government wi pee ioning inets, the mas- acres of June, and the cart of the reaction at | Vienna, Berlin and Dresden, in Baden and in Lom- bardy, the bloody suppression under the very eyes of the French am! of the rising in the Grand Duchy of Posen, and the bombardment of Cracow and Lem! . ‘The Russians, waiting, were concen- bey in Paregl ieee new vr 4 were pur- ing to ¢ in Hungary against the European revolution ; and Poland had to remain a moveiees spectator of the grand drama played under her eyes, without the great majority of her Inhabitants cem- prehending what it meaned. Both time and a direct a} Yow she has already h ear the other. Aud it was not at the first shot fired on the Danube that the time of prepares began, but in- deed in that same year 1848, which be oy to have »made so little impression upon Polish people. < Wht ‘the massacres of Gallicia, organized by Metternich and conducted by Szela, had hindered in 1846, the revolution of 1848 accompliched. The serfs of Gallicia were emancipated, were admitted to the national re m, saw their former Teestass tees and sit down be- = 1 were waiting. he one,and is it to lords hold ut their announced again for to-morrow night, George ap | side them on the legisla A pening as Topay, and da petite Kneasa as Eva, the | the Aguttaonavvertiniarhes onsen cen 3 hives “ ibg recovered from her late indispezition. | honor of this attributed to itself, yet, since it has Buckiry’s Semenapens.—This company adver- | afterwards exacted from the the price of tise o repetieon iis burlesque coll lglg ; the a and the lebor, or TrOW e' of their | since also.done away with prese favorite ballads and instrumental an | Chambers to which the revolution had’ ed | ‘em, _Pnor. Hant’s Wore Worxp is still om exhibi- ome hundred sands of emanci we a 7 Brad. Phaeton xo ical ar, nso ante | @ livin Bawy Snow tx CaNavsA.—A correspondent of the | timony of what they have to expect from the re. Posi Free Press gives an amusing account of a Volution in Poland, taby ebow in Bytown, Canada, on the 2d inst. The | | This great, this decisive question, of the future Apres were £00 eich io’ the three Tasgest, fattest, and destinies of Poian this of the emancipation of < wn of eh. ere Dat two. babies presented, one sixteen and the other | M pen the Jand te. be ecventeon months old, each of whom received a rowing cultivated by him for his use, free from prize.) gy pay without indemaification te tip ore after €omé appropriate speechey by the judges, one of ctor, which had the Inky tethers made the anno’ tthht ‘dhe | Prater, been Glecnaseel and affirmatively Hhoulbeve anvilier baby to show at ihe same time ang resoh'ed inthe Polish emigration for a number of place next yee if there was a premium te be given,” which ce d roceds of applause. years, -has been, since then, regarded by the class of territorial proprietors jo Poland ag in fact decid- ich proceed, has been found ac- The agandsa of the al- tween the social ideas thenceforth slowly extended sone the une- man le, and proj ere uninter- ru] ly, while above it of the triumphs of the reaction threw trouble, di and too often doubt and apostacy, in the souls of the noble and privileged classes. From this arise the errone- ous judgments of tourists in Poland as to the spirit of the populations, of which they never touch but a single surface layer, without ever having time or means to sound jts depth. Tt was in this di ition of mind that the affuirs of Turkey found Poland. Their action on the masses was doubly decisive. Certainly the nobility could see and did see in ita complication from which the derangement of the European equilibrium might issue, and thence an pc- casion for new national efforts. But, accustomed to judge of events from the relations of the journals, and reading there how all the powers of Euro; were determined to maintain peace, or at least the status quo of territorial divisions, by confining the war to the limits of Turkey, it thought, conscious of its own powerlessness,that it might content itself with waiting some deliverance from without—something like the Napoleonist intervention of old time in the affairs of Poland. From that nothing could result, except, at very most, a canyons mi But the ple judges not trom such premises; and consequently it arrives at very different conclusions. It has traditions, and believes in them; ithas im- ulses, and it follows them. Its acts are determined by its feelings more than by its reason; or, rather, the pee reason, which ‘we improperly call instinct, es special count of its ctions, its wants, its faith, and the facts which meet its understanding, without complicating them with calculations and ar- guments beyond its reach. Now, the events which are passing in Turkey, by their prsxiatiy as wellas by their notoriety, are especially of a nature to im- press it and to determine it to a rising. For a year past it has seen its fields traversed by two immense avalanches of soldiers coming from the North and precipitating themselves southward iuto the two yawning gults of Wallachia and the Cau- casus. There the Turkish scimitar lays them low ; for the cannon rears, the Te-Deums in the churches resound unechoed, but none return to bear witness of the victories they have won. On the contrary, mysterious voices whisper in the ear that word—de- feat ; and the faces of every regiment that arrives are more downcast and more pale than those that went before. And yet these armies are not enough; they are being exhausted, they are shrivelling up: for sealed papers come to the village registrars, which, when they are pened, condemn nine of every thousand peasants to the hell of military service, At this mournful news the steppes are peopled with fugitives, the forests with rs, and in the vil- lages only old men, women, and children are left. The cholera never so unpeopled them as now the pitiless fear of the Tzar. For how can the Tzar be without fear, whom even the Turks are beating, while England and France are arming against him? France who, formerly, in spite of England, could pes one night at Moscow, and only be driven hence, according to the popular sentence, by the Generals Frost and Famine—now France is no more in the eyes of the people of Poland the France of 1812, but that of 1848. It is the revolution which enfranchised our brothers in Gallicia ; it is emanci- ation ; it is freedom—it is Poland. Heretofore, tween the free peoples and Poland rose the insur- mountable wall of the Russian, Austrian, and Prussian forces, untied together in one fascis of royal conspiracy; to-day this dissolved, Russia isolated, and her army, the prin- cipal barrier, removed from the West to the South. Between the West and Poland there is no more bar rier ; access to Poland is left free to the European Revolution : for what matters to the people the letter of Napoleon III. and his conservative assur- ances? Does it know them? Can Shey: have on its imagination the same influence as the memory of the revolutions of France, Vienna, Berlin, Venice, Rome, and Hungary ? All these revolutions, which, six ae ago, did not move it, have since appeared to it clothed with the prestige of the past. Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Rome, Venice, Hungary: they all mean Liberty. Poland, it is Liberty ; and more, it is independence, glory, bravery. And liberty is the abolition of the recruiting system, the abo- lition of soccage labor, the abolition of a vexatious aon is the proprietorship of the land; itis eedom for religious worship, free trade, markets open for its it nd cattle—it is, ina word, wealth, prosperity, well-being. This is how the good sense of the people of Poland sums up the present ques- tion, and solves it with one single argument: the Edie can beat the Russians—why may not the ‘oles? Under these circumstances, any appeal would de- pees he, to rise—no matter whence it might |, from a town, the fields, or the forests, from a Cossack or a noble, from the steppes of the Ukraine ora fleet in the Baltic— ded it is sufficiently noised abroad to be heard throughout the country, and of sufficient duration to reach its farther fron- tiers. But this appeal has already reached them, and now stirs their minds, reheartens them, and sharpens their scythes and lances. And this appeal is an old legend, an accredited prophecy, an artigle “of the pular faith ; it is the apocalyptic prediction of the Bonita k Wernyhora. This prophecy, uttered after the confederation of Bar, on the banks of the Dnieper, and co: ii a sense eminently Polish, has since penetra all the provinces of Poland, and found every where among the people. This prophecy, in old yellow manuscripts, passing from hand to hand among our grandiathers, was preserved by them, if they were noble, with that sort of veneration which attaches to a curious nwon- f the visionary patriotism of old time; but, longed to the people, was learned by heart as a confirmation of their hopes and a guarantee of Poland, it indicates, in apocalyptic im tit less efforts which will be undertaken for its relief, and ends with the prediction of a universal cata- Cie terminated by a war, in which the Tur! allying with Poland, shall come to water their he in the Vistula, but. which shall be decided by the maritime intervention of England. Then, says Wernyhora, all Poland will rise, glorious and ti- umphant, aud engage ina locality of the Ukraine, which he mentions by name, and pursue the fleeing Russians into a defile, also mentioned, where our final triumph shall be sealed by their utter extermination. In the niinds of the great majority of the people of Poland, the the condition of a sacramental formula; they are Pee of the articles of its belief, and have taken over its determinations the authority of a commandment of the Most High. Here, again,may find place what has already so oe times in history put the systematic doubt 0: scepticism to the proof—the pretended effect will have determined the cause, the prediction will h:ve roduced its own fulfilment, and the fact will have en place solely because it had been announced. It is not only natural, but also necessary, inevi- table, fatal, in the eyes of whoever knows the cir- cumstances and dispositions of the people as we know them. The people of Poland, following the events of the present war, will rise because it will find motives determining it to rise; and will not be able to hinder itself from obeying them; it will rise because these motives are suggested to it, not by a system of policy of which it understands nothing, nor by conspirators in whom it could have no conti- dence, and who, moreover, once discovered, would draw into one ruin both their plans and the end they proposed to attain—but by goer events, haviug @ clear and itive meaning for it—by a redoubling of opp ion caused by the conscription and by military and police exactions—by the wandering life to which all the young and robust generation has been reduced, and the mutual contact into which it has been thrown in the forest depths, which served it as a hiding place—by the recollections of 1848, which only by now have had time to ripen in its en the hopes of freedom and amelioration which it connects with them—by its legiti- mate desire of holding territorial property— by its love of family, of Kindred, country, and its hate of foreign oppressors—by of those whore defeats on the Danube are the first satisfaction accorded to its thirst for vengeance, as well as an encouragement to ite daring—by the vague belief that the peoples which triumphed six years ago continue to live, all stricken down as they are, and that they will, like itself, protit by the divisions of their oj cea ay its traditions, its beliefs, its recollections, and its prophecies. It will rise, in fine, because, for the first time since the partition- ings, not only throughout the eight Palatinates of the so-called kingdom of Poland, as in 1830, or in the Grand Duchy of Posen and the republic of Cra- cow, as in '46 and '48, but also in Lithuania and Vol- hynia, in the Ukraine, in Podolia, in Gallicia, every- where, even to Litéle Russia beyond the Dnieper, and White Ruesia beyond the Dawina—its passions find themselves in accord with the desires of the no- bles,. who this time wili obey the appeal of the peo- ple, even though ae should not con: own account, and will throw the renks to win at the sation in consideration and renown for the position lost to them by the revolution. » And now, what will be the consequence of this rising, to the fature of Europe? This, for the sake of our cause, and in accomplishment of the duty which we have to fulfil ves into the { the peoples, our brothere—this is what we are about to examine. | As Mr. Drummond very pertinentiy said in the House of Commons, t Poland there can be no useful or profitable issue to the war of Europe against Russia. Leave that its frontiers of 1826, and the firet misunderstanding between Hpglend and conspiracy is | their realization. After having very clearly pre- | of territory taken from the neighbe dicted the total dismemberment, the utter fall of | forgets that this re-establishment wi in one great and last battle, | and of | the spectacle of the fear and consequent weakness | ire on their | int of the lance some compen- | te 3 nothing of Prussia and Austria—hete- ‘whoge interest: draw them together, » however, as them—will to it to Constantinople, which. Peal al from two cope the across the Danube and the Balkan, from the across ', Macedonia, and Epirus. And hencef< le is to Russia, not oy as its outlet to the Mediterranean, but be- cause it must have the Greco-Slavonian world in or- der to reconstitute for its own advantage, the em- ire of the East. The Slavonian world alone would tria and Europe down upon it, as or must bring Aus' would be forced to encroach upon them; besides, it it ia leas rooted in Euro zantine tendencies, which since Viadimir the Sin- le-handed, at Kijow, and John Basilides at Moscow, Eave sued Tzarism ey:n to the winter palace, and there, in our days, baptised the grandsons of Catherine, and then the sons of Nicholas, with the names of Alexander, Constantine, and Michael. Authentic or spccrypial the testament of Peter I, reveals the real t ought of the Tzars; Poland as the means, Constantinople for the end. If we would not that Russia should have Con- stantinople, we must not leave it the means of con- quering it; we must take from it Poland, its firat on road to the empire of the East. Master of Poland, Russia sooner or later reuews the empire of the eer amaitt, And Poland in the hands of Russia serves it to attain a double end—an end yet nearer, in the nor- mal situation of Europe, than the destruction of the Ottoman Empire—an end which Russia is attaining pacifically, silently, by the aid, not only und ind agents, its hired writers, the secret algo by the i eed influence of its religious, com- mercial, and industrial relations: we are spoaking of the concentration at Moscow and Petersburg of the direction of all the Slavonian peoples of that sian Panslayism. Let it keep Poland, and some fine day Russia will see its protectorate invoked by all the Slavonians of Germany and Turkey, from the Styrian Alps in the west and the Hartz Moun- tains at the north, to the Balkan at the south and Varna in the east—hauling then into its immense net those Roumanian populations for which it now contends with Turkey, and adding to the crowns of Kazan and Astracan those of Bulgaria, Servia, Montenegro, Dalmatia, Mlyria, Crotia, Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. Then it will no longer need to displace a large number of its troops; it will have only to excite troubles, and, after having let the Germans an@ Turks be driven out by the Sla- vonian Bapelaons, to step in to stop the effusion of blood, and to establish an order of things permitting it to act as protector against all future oppression. swoop. The reason of this is, that Rus is, at the pre- sent time, the only great Slavonian power; and so offers to the Slavonian populations oppressed by the German, Ottoman, or ment wanting to them for constituting themselves nationally—the leverage of its strength. portion of these peoples but that of its material wer. Silesian, Moravians, Illyrians, Dalmatians, roats, and now an immense majority of Tcheks, belong to a different faith—to the Latin Church; and in their Janguage approach much nearer to the Poles, who, with them, constitute the western branch of the Slavonian dialects, than to the Rus- without belonging to the Russian Church, belong yet with it to the ro Eastern Church, having Con- atantinople for religious metropolis, it is independ- | ence and liberty, and not Tzarian despotism to which they aspire, for which they invoke assistance, and not domination, and an assistance they would gladly exchange for the friendship and brotherly support of a free, a strong, and a republican Poland. Even among the Cossacks of Little Russia, there are none who do not, in their hatred of Tzarism, turn their hopeful eyes toward an alliance with a Poland re- constituted upon new bases,in whom they kno from the Polish pupils of their University of Chi kow, s0 numerous since the closing of the Universi- ties of Wilna and Krzemienicc, that they would find not a master but a friend. Let Poland rise, then (and we have proved that she will rise), and risen let hey maintain herself in the rank of independent nations rejoicing in the lenitude of their righte, and Russia will find itself leprived of all possibility, either of putting itself at the head of the Greco-Slavonian world by the con- uest of Constantinople, or of establishing the Pan- ture the possession is unfailingly assured to it. the security of the Western States, ar a condition sine qua non of any de! itive treaty, an umanity, for Europe, or for the belligerents them- selves. However, we cannot, aud we should not, dissem: ble that the sising of Poland will completely alte the conditions of the present struggie, and that il, of the peoples aliied with Turkey, it ma: other id, menace more than one of the Y ance, and remake, to the advants right, that map of Europe whic despotic force. itis in vain that the governments of France and ‘e of liberty and | qui m of the two great ( confederation against Ra: This acqu Austria and Prussia of his help | lutionary attempt. Now France | Italy, and by maintaining tr any outbreak in Hungary. don, in the same sj the House of Lords the good news Prussian alliance, lets peep out the the re-establishment of Poland (if {t is that w! he really means under the denominati uld augmented by all the provinces which have fallen | to Russia, would not satisfy the exigencies of the | awakened national sentiment. The limbs violex | Mnittee, strong in its convictions and in the truth of | eeparated by their dismemberment wor | the facts here brought under notice, and confident of | each other. Deprived of Gallici Duchy of Posen, Poland would not with that proper life which alone « existence and stability, for it would and t the recognition of ‘its rights, but on the conveniences of the intervening powers, that its new existence would be dependent— Gallicia and Posnania would rise and proclaim | themselves Polish; and then Austria and Prussia, names mentioned in this prophecy have passed into | not finding in their alliance with France and Eng- land the promised security, would seek it in new | | combinations hostile to the two powers. Butsuch an | arrangement will never be: for Poland conscien- tiously feels her duty in the present crisis, and will risewithout waiting for permission, knowing that to wait is to abdicate. Then Hungary will follow it, and with Hungary Italy; | Germany—Dresden, Berlin, Hesse and Schleswig—will feel themselves revive; then France, seeing her government on a wrong tack, and involve: for the sake of its alliunces with worm-eaten despot- isms, will return to the republic, and the year 1548 the English government; but it all results from what we know to be the dispositions of the Polish popula- tion ind this is why we submit it for the conside- 1ation of the only government altogether disinte- rested in these matters, or rather the only one that can find in it a satisfaction of the principle after of North America. supposition—inadmissible according to us—of the congequences to result from a completely passive at- tiiude on the part of Poland. Let it suflice us to establish summarily that for each of the other op- pressed nations—litaly, Hungary, France, &c—the difficulties thrown in the way of their cmancty on the one hand, by the Franco-Austrian alliance, being immense, and those occasioned to the allied pave r#, on the other hand, by the insurrection of he Greek provinces, Leing very great, those powers would be led to conclude a hasty peace on the first advances made to them by Russia, leaving intact in Evrope an order of thi: | strous, that, even if thé das gece now menacing them from Russia should be removed, revolution would re- main imminent, and peace be less assured and more precarious than ever. It is to prevent this return tothe deplorable status quo of the present time that, to make use of a cele- rated remark applied to the Supreme Being, if the insurrection of Poland is not in the order of inevit- able destinies, it ought to be invented; the more ne- cessary is it, coneequently, this insurrection being a fact foreseen, to take count of it in all plans relative to European affxirs, and for every State preparing to influence them to take some pains to facilitate its bursting forth and the bearing of its fruit, for the ode well-being and for its own stability in TOPE. We should think ourselves unjust toward the United States if, misunderstanding the generous nature of their intentions with regard to Europe, we were to insist upon the which its eman- ‘eipation would render to their influence, their power, their commerce, and their material pros- roy It is so fine a thing for colonies, emanci- pated by their own heroism, and elevated to the rank of powers of the first order, to retarn to the mother country youth, vigor, develo) it, and political progress, for the germs of civ which they had taken from her, and the liberty that they bad ‘known how to snatch with armed hands | from her unjust ambition, that mere views of ma- terial interests, however vast they may be In them- | selves, egem ae nothing compared with it. Without | | we no historic meaning; would remain incomplete, | traditions than the By- | of its | societies it organizes in the border-countries, but | grand system of absorption which they name Rus- | The Slavonian Empire will be founded at one | lagyar races the only ele- | No !—Russia has no force of attraction on a great | sians. And as to the Slavonians of the South, who, | slavonian Empire, of which else in a very near fu- | Poland, then, is anecessary elemen: of the new Eu- ropean equilibrium, an indispensable gnarantee for consequently end forcefully prescribed for the operations of the rezent war, if any profit is to be drawn from it for on the one hand, it assures the security and progress on the overn- ments, detach Austria and Prussia from the alli- was drawn by d assure their respective countries of the ac- rman powers to their ‘ition is owing only to the assurance given by Napoleon to | Against any revo- ech in which he announces to | f the Austro- | yn of portions | powers,) he be a death- | blow to his two. allies. The Poland of 1815, even if in inextricable complications | which it existe—the government of the United States | We do not think it necessary to discuss here the | pation, | 80 oppressive and mon- | | stopping farther, then, at thie, and without availing ourselves of the recolleetions which the sons of the | heroes of the war of independence preserve of their | fathers’ Polish comrades — Pulaski, Kosciuseo, | Niomcewicz—after having demonstrated the bene- | fits which the rising of Poland in the present war, ) upon the rear of the Russian armies, would bring to | Europe, by striking her say 10 the heart and put- | ting an end to the war of kings, as well as by de- | eiding the final Buropean revolution—after ae | that in the present situation nothing else but this rising could have the came eflect—we will content ourrelves with explaining the conditions which may facilitate its snecess. ao conditions are of two kinds: moral and ma- terial. The moral consists of the collectiveness, the uni- ty, and the universality of the effort; and depend, consequently, toa certain extent on the sept | which the insurrectionary government will find in its spontaneous recognition by free nations. This | government will only be installed by the insurrec- | tion itself—that is to say, by the armed people; aud will make itself known to filends and enemies by its blows upon these last. But before it can become a power, It must have been a party, an association, a ingle; and it is in this state of embryo that the | epoch begins in which the sympathetic and effec tive, if notthe official, recognition of free nations is especially necessary to it. ‘To sympathize with and | to assist the party is to ally with the government which shall issue from it. Now, as there are two | | classes and two sorts of interests in Poland, there are also two parties in the emigration; that of privi- Jege and monarchy, round which rallies the Polish istocracy—and that of democracy, representing the people, its aspirations and its rights. We have | shown above how only from this last the insur- rection and its government can proceed, and how t pr resting all its hopes and basing all its calculations upon the initiative of the Cabinets of France and | England, the object of whose policy is q thing froni the restoration of Poland. Inthe choice of the paity with which henceforth the different governments ought to connect themselves there can be no mistake. With the monarchical party, that of pretenders and diplomatists, the monarchical cabinets will be connected; we do not deplore it. But to the democratic party, that of the people, of the national and humanitarian revolution—to the party recognized by the European committee, allied | with France, with Italy, with Hungary, with | many, with Moldo-Wallachia, with revolutionary Russia—to that belongs henceforth the alliance, the support, the recognition of republics already consti- | tuted. Its flag has from the beginning been carried in the emigration by the Polish Democratic So- ciety, from whose hands the country received it and adopted it in 1846, and toward which to-day the Polish people turn their eyes, to see what greeting | it meets with from the peoples, what support itanay hope for in its efforts. Every mark of sympathy from America for the Polish democracy is more than an encouragement; it is a redoubling of strength for the coming insurrection of Poland. Connected with the moral conditions of a suc- cessful rising is the written and oral, the public and private, the printed and epistolary propagandism | which must precede action, and move it from a di- | recting centre. It is upon us that this task devolves, and to us that the disposal of the material means necesgary for its accomplishment is intrusted. We | pass, then, to the material conditions of a success | ful rising. Of these conditions, the Central Committee of the Polish Democratic Society is in a clear way of real- izing one of the inaipale the disarming of a por- | tion of the hostile forces in Poland, through e: defection at the moment of action. For this if’ has been only necessary to revive in the Russian army | the remembrance of the generous intentions of Pes- tel, Mouravieff, Bestuletf, Ryleieff, and Kachowski, and to knit between the democrats of the two coun- tries a sincere alliance, based upon the recognition of common objects and of mutual rights. This al- liance has been concluded at London; a centre of Russian propagandism has been established; nume- rous, varied, and popular writings have been pub- lished; communications opened; and the ardor with which the writings are demanded, and new materials furnished, proves that the revolutionary represen- tatives of the two countries do not mistake as to | the existence of the elements they represent, and | the effect they reckon upon producing. | _ There remain for the preparatory period, per- | haps already very limited, the gathering of the re- fugees, especially of those who are most distant | from their country, at fixed points, whence they might be transported nearer and kept in readiness | toenter the country armed, at the first moment of | the insurrectign ; the means of transport for them and also for se who must precede them; and, while waiting, their keep and outiit. For the peried of action supplies of arms and mu iui ns of war, of which the aisenals in the e2emies’ ands can fornich but a very small part, and that timmediatcly nor everywhere. ‘The supplies of s should be contracted for and kept ready in depots where they might be handy at any moment fer the ure of the insurrection. For both periods funds, with which the insur tion, notwithstanding the revolutiona which it ought to make use, will prob be ill-sup- plied at the beginning, but’ which, rich’ in the im- mense resources of the nation, once constituted, it eon earily reimburse. This need can only be met by the national credit, the resources of the class which re sins the germ of the futare revolu- 1 the wealthy classes being inter- 1 hi | | | ested not | | | wntry’s restoration from Cabinets red to do nothing for it. * protector led.—it is for the ch feel the necessity Poland, wi ¢ actual present ti the wisdom and generosity of the government of the | United States, submits to it, in witness of its bounded confidence, and as pledge of the decisive part which Poland will take in the appros 1g struggles of the peoples. It will believe it has at- tained its aim, if in its relations with the govern- ments and with the peoples of Europe, during the present crisis, the government of the Uuited States eeps count of the facts and assurances contained in this communication. On behalf of the Polish Democratic Society. Svanisiaus WoKcEL Y | | London, 88 Regent Square, Grey’s Inn Road, then the populations of | March 10. Vienna, Carlerah@ History of the Russi: Californh Fort Ross, Feb. 20, 1854. I at last comply with a portion of my promises to you, by sending you the following sketch of the History of the Ruésian Settlements at Ross and Bo will be repeated, with more experience, and conse- | dega. pla i quently with more perfectness and success. We | At the beginning of this century the Rassians know not if all this enters into the calculations of , were extensively engaged in whaling and seal-catele | ing on the North Pacific. They turned their atten- | ticn more particularly to the seal hunting, and the ais and sea otters were then wonderfully nume- 1ous on the coast of California. The Russians had | their depot at Sitka, 3,000 miles to the north, and | tbe otter hanters found the distance a great incon- | venience. In 1512, Baronob, the chief agent of the | Rursian American Company, applied to the Spanish Coveinor of California tor permission to erect some | houe nd to station a few men at Ross, about 70 of north from the Bay of. Sen Francisco. Ds at that time occupied an importent namong the traders on the shores of the ter- | ritery, dnd their request was granted without hesi- fatie ‘They immediately took ession, and built Port Kors. Becoming dissatisiied with the | went of a harbor at Ross, they again applied for | perm'ssion toe tablish another station at Bodega Bay, where there was a very passable shelter ‘the Ru | posit for verecls. The permission was likewise grant- cd, and the Bodega setilement was made. At there two points there were about two hundred Russtans, Aleutian islanders aod half-breeda, con- stantly stationed, and there were many others en- aged in far hunting along the coast. The Aleutian ndians brought with them their peculiar fishing out- fit, in which the principal article was a boat of walrus skin stretched on a frame of iron. The boat was shaped like a canoe, covered, and in the middle had ahole large enough to admit the pody of aman. When about to go out fishing the Aleutian stepped into his boat, sitting upright, putting on a water- | proof shirt, made o| walrus entrails or fis bladders, tied the sleeves, the neck and the body tightly, and with his spear and paddle started forth. hus pre- | pared, he would go out to the Farallones, double Cape Mendocino, and laugh at the storm, for even if his boat upset he could rivht it ina moment. If he | caught a seal or a sea otter, it was towed to abeach, where the fisherman untied himself, got out of his boat, thrust his prize in, tied himself up, and again set forth, Thus he would hunt until he hed secured his boat load, and then he would return. His prey always farnished him with fat blubber for food, if he had éxhausted the scanty stock stowed away in his boat before starting. The were me- chanics, and some of them were fur honters, As mechanics, they Were quite skilfal and industrious. At Bodega and they were the iths, ear- penters and masons, as they were in the same man- | ner at Sitka. The Russians were the superintendents, | managers and employers. 4 it- Yalta: The fiching and bunting was found to be ao able that the establishment grew rapidly in individuals belonging to the first will come | force to join it—the party of the aristocracy now | uite another | eir, | ig but in retarding the insurrec- | It is then | “s which would have a Poland restored | in | ings and men, so much so that the Spaniards)? came alarmed. The Governor addressed a remon strance to Kurkoff, the Russian agent, who a attention to it. The Governor then { ly cont manded the Russians to quit the territories of hit Catholic Majesty. Kuskoff coolly denied the sove | reignty of Spain, and claimed the territory as a Rus- | sian » This occurred during the Mexican | war of ind lence, and their internal dissensions | prevented from taking any efficient | steps to enforce order. Indeed no action was | ever nas hee ere off the Russians by fyttes my 3 1833 the Mexican government gave orders for | establishment of a military colony north of the Bay of Sonoma, now called San Bay. This town was establiched under the direction of M. G. Vallejo, Commandante General de las Fronteras del Norte, in 1835, at Sonoma, but the occasion for it had almost passed. About 1825 the acti and ekill of the ussian fishermen began to reduce the number of | seals, sea otters, and other maritime far animals, and as the fishing beceme less profitable, the Rus- sian settlements became less prosperous, and in 1835 the fishery was scarcely paying expenses. ega and Fot The inhabitants at Bod Ross to turn their attention to stock raising and a: 5 but they soon tired of it,and in 1841 the company sold out their live stock, goods and other property, to Captain Sutter. The people retarned to Sitka, ex- cept a very few, among whom was Hoeppener, who, with his lady, removed to Sonoma, Hoeppener disappeared several years ago, and Mra. Lote Lai is, co far as I know, the only relic of the colony at Bodega. She has tasted deeply of mis- fortune since her husband’s reverse of fortane and desertion, but she always commands my respect. e Russians continued their trade with, Califor- nia till the discovery of the gold. Several vessels arrived every year at Yerba Buena, (which, per- haps, I must inform your readers, was the only name applied to the site of your now glorious city until March, 1847.) About $,000 bushels of wheat. were taken yearly to Sitka, and several hundred barrels of beef salted under the supervision of the Russian agent. ° This latter post was filled by Capt. Leiderdorif, who dicd about 1848. The first steamer ever brought into San Francisco was built at Sitka, and being found to be too small for ¢ wants of that place, was sold to.Leidesdor arrived in the bay in 1847. The Russian engineer returned to Sitka, and a pretended engineer, just in from the mountains, was placed in charge. He took the boat to San Jose, to Sonoma, and to Sacra mento, at the end of which time it was found tha) he hed burnt up all the flues, and the machinery was thus made worthless, The hull was used as @ | launch, and may be about the bay yet for all that I know. For several years after the discovery of gold the Russians ceased their trade at San Francis: co, but it has again commenced, Ross. | | | | Western Wisconsin, [From the Chicago Democratic Prees. | The observations which we propose to make upon this portion of our sister State, will be contined to Grant, Crawford, Bad Axe, and La Crosse counties. They all lie upon the Mississippi, and except Grant county, are above the Wisconsin river. Our first impressions of their ggneral features and resources were derived from th@@eck of a steamer on the Mis- sirsippi, and were anything but favorable. We have recently had an OF sated to travel through them | at the distance of from five to thirty miles the Mississippi, and have had occasion to modify our | opinions. | Grant county lies directly south of the Wisconsin, | and isin the great lead district. The prevaili | rock is limestone, from the disintegration of whicl | the soil is formed. There is, we should suppose, more prairie than wood land in the county; but stfil there is timber enough in the northern and western por- | tions of it for all practical pur . The section between Shulleburg and Platteville is a beautiful ele- vated rolling prairie. The soil appears to be yery | good; but much of it has been nearly spoiled for | agricultural purposes by the miners. Mining seems to be carried on by digging holes in the ground at no great distance from each other, and when a cer- tain depth is reached they are abandoned. The | holes may be filled up, it is true, but as long’as land iseo plenty and so cheap, this is not likely to be done. It looks almost like a pity to spoil so much fine farming land, but we presume the “ mineral” pays better, and to this all other considerations moust yield in this utilitarian me Platteville, Shullsburg, and Lancaster are flourisbing towns, all situated in this county. From the Herald, published at Lancaster, we learn that there are still in the county some 400,000 acres of land subject to entry at government price. Much of it we have no doubt is excellent farming land, and we would prefer to trust ourselves to dig gold out of the rich soil of that country rather than to run the hazard of securing “our pile” of shining dust from the sands of Californ’ Above the Wisconsin ri predominates, and we hav: geology of the district in ‘ihe general level of the cow | hundied feet above the Mississippi | scem to have cut down deep val | tions. These valleys are called wing Prairie du Chien und ascending to the gen- cral level of the country, the road following In- dian trail, passes for many miles on the civid ng ridge between the Kickapoo river, which empties into the Wiscensin a few miles above its mouth, and the Mi luis ridge almost iunume:a- coolies’ run outon either side to the Missis- andthe Kicapoo. In imuny of them, and in of them near the commencement on the “de ,”’ there are oniy very small rivalets, and it is not till a number of these are united together that any considerable sized stream is formed. the strata of the sand rock which forms the base of the country, lie nearly horizontal, and it becomes an interesting problem if the principle that all geo- logical phenomena ure to be attributed to causes now in operation is admitted, how these coolies, running in opposite directions from the same ridge, were formed, Causes now in operation may have produced these valleys; but they must have operated with far greater int Yy than at present. The only explanation that suggested itself to our mind was, that far back in the history of ourplaret, this same rock was much less solid than at present; and that the location of this region with reference to the then existing oceans, was such, and the atmosphere was so constituted in that early period, that im. mense floods of rain ‘were poured down upon it, wearing out the valleys as we now see them, ‘The springs and rivulets that are found in these | coolies are most excellent water. Speckled trout re found in them in abundance. The soilis rich, ven to the top of the ridges it appears to be eapable of cnltivation. For the raising of stock, and especially sheep, we should suppose it to be one | of the very finest sections of country with which we are acquainted. On the stage to St. Paul | for eighty miles above Prairie du Chien, we found | farms opened every few miles, and in the vicinity of Viroque, the county seat of Bad Axe county, there isa very considerable settlement. We saw some half dozen men in a single Co a in the woods west of this village looking for places to locate | They appeared much pleased with the country, and their only anxiety seemed to be to make®@he eelection, About ten miles above Prairie du Chien they are a large number of Indian mounds, of alinost al imoginable slay They extend some eight mile along the top of the ridge, and are generally opp{ site to the coolies running cast and west to tl Kickapoo and the Mississippi. The only impressiot we could get from their Teoation and construction © is, that they were used in some way to defend the inhabitants living on the one river or the other; bat of what service they were it would be dificult to imagine. They are from one to five feet above the serface, and we noticed lurge oak trees growing on seme of thet About t hree miles above Prairie du Chien we found unmistakeable traces of iron ore, and we lcarn that. there were probably large deposits of it in that vicinity. The specitaens we saw upon the surface were diffused through a porous rock, and it appeared to he allied to hog iron ore. We learn also that there are deposits of lead on the Kickapoo ; but * probably they do not extend any farther north than that locality. Copper has ny been discovered somewhere in that region, and the mine was worked fora — but the precise location of it we did not - eecertain, , On the whole, we do not hesitate to recommend settlers to examine western Wisconsin when the are eet a to locate. It is true the land (A broken and hilly; but this is no objection to those who’ have been reared among the mountains of the New England and Middle States. with many it would be a decided recommendation. climate is thought by many to be too cold; but we were as- sured by thoee who had been in country five or six years, that it was not so cold as it is New | England. The winter [ogee Continues steadily cold; but the thermometer does not often very much below zero till the spring opens, cer- tainly is preferable to that ever climate which we have jn this city. We predict that dozen it the richest in terprising citizens whe years will find these counties the State. Success to the en have made their homes among the beautiful bills and vales of western Wisconsin. ve ur y means of be a | Menvrr mw Savaxvan.—At about two o’cloc! yesterday afternoon, two men, named James Tuell and Charles Griffith, haying had some standing, acefdentally met in Til atreet, old quarrel was renewed. As we aro though the weaker and offended party, ed Griffith down, then jomped wy down. hia ant let hi and turmed to, eve drew a revolver, and, Xever The third shtempt, rent a ball into Toell’s back, near his right aide, whic! brought him down, Griffith was soon after arrested, Tuell died of his wound about twelve o'clock on Tuesday n'ght.—~ Savannah Coorgian, May li. not Pp