The New York Herald Newspaper, April 23, 1854, Page 3

NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. were Sclenee of Men and Nations. ‘TYPES OF MANKIND, OR ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES, BASED UPON THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS, PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES, AND CRANIA OF RACES, AND UPON NATURAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, PHILOLOGICAL AND BIBLICAL HISTORY, ILLUSTRATED RY SELECTIONS FROM THE INEDITED PAPERS OF SAML. GEORGE MOKTON, M.D., AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PROF. AGASSIZ, W. USHER, M-D., AND PROF, H. 8, PATTER= 8ON:—BY J. C. NOTT, M.D. AND GEO. R. GLIDDON.— PHILADELPHIA, LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO & CO. 1854. QUARTO, PAGES 750. ‘There is no quarter of the globe where the most broad- ly marked and diverse races of mon are brought in so close contact as in America, We have here, in the re- Presentatives of the nations and families of Europe, al- most every vaflety and subdivision of the white race, usually denominated Caucasian. We shave also the ne- gro, exhibiting the several diversities which exist in Africa, And we have, aborigines of the soil, the American Indians, in all of their families. At least three of the great generic divisions of the genus homo are found with- in the borders of the United States. It is here, there- fore, that the great problem of the relations of these broadly marked races, and the relative positions which they must, in the nature of things, hold to each other, is to be—or, we might perhaps better say, bas been—resolved. In a philosophic sense, “whatever is, is right,” and no abstract code of ethics or of morals, is competent, nor are its pro- fessors entitled, to say that the relations between these races which actually exist, are not right. They are right, because they do exist, and because they exist in virtue of natural laws, emanating from a source whose power and wisdom cannot be impugned, The In- dian proudly and sullen}y recedes before the mental and moral vigor of the superior race, and the negro holds, towards that same race, a position which must always elong to the inferior intelligence—a position of depend- ence, we will not say servitude. For, we contend, whether that dependence takes the form of slavery, as we sce in the South, or whether that of general mental, physical, civil and social subordination to the white man, as we sce in the North, the principle inyolved is, in both cases, precisely the same. This peculiar conjunction of various races in America, or in the United States, has made Ethnology, or “the science which investigates the mental and physical differ- ences of mankind,’ pre-eminently an American science. And seme Am n students have achieved results in this department, which must forever constitute landmarks and fixed points of departure, for future researches in the same field of inquiry. Founded upon a large array of fects laboriously collected, and carefully and critically analyzed and digested, they have come to form parts of the permanent results of the great system of positive philosophy, which holds, in respect to general cience, the same relations which, in physics, is sustained by experimental philosophy. Amongst the founders of this sound and healthful sys- tem of investigation in America, no name is entitled torank higher than that of the late Dr. Samuel George Morton, of Philadelphia, His “‘Crania Americana’? and “Crania Fgyptiaca,”’ in the first of which he establishes the general and typical uniformity and unity of the abo- rigines of America, and their essential diversity as om- pared with all other races of men; and in the second, the origin and true aflinities of the auciont Egyptians,’ are ¢ monuments of patient and profound investigation, and of great scientific results, deduced from commensu- rate accummulations of facts, and not reached through the approximations of hypothesis. It is “To the Memory of Morton” that tho work under notice is dedicated by its authors, and the various con- tributors to its pages. To be worthy of such a dodica- tion implies that it embodies large masses of valuable facts, that it is imbued throughout with the pure spirit otscience, and that it alms earnestly and fearlessly for the attainment and furtherance of truth. Anything less n this were unworthy of association with the name of Morton, ‘We have said that America is pre-eminently the coun- | try for ethnological investigations. We may add that | the authors of the ‘Types of Mankind’ are equally the | men appropriate for {he elaboration of auch a work. They have combined a range of personal observations anda degree of individual acquaintance with the races of men, an intimacy with the several branches of knowledgo \ bearing upon the essential problems of ethnology, and an independence of the restraints of croeds and of traditional ’ a@ single work upon any cognate subject. Dr. Nott, of Mobile, from the very nature of his pro- fexsion, has for a period of more than thirty years been ‘in a position to know intimately three ‘broadly marked varieties of tho humaa family. has had around him the American, the Indian and e negro; allof whom he has been able to study under eir individual physical, moral and intellectual aspects, as well as in their relations with each other, These facili + fies, joined to habits of close observation, and thorouzh aintance with general science and its results, entitle im io the rank of an authority on the several points to ich his investigations have been direaged. A lang rosi- ce in Fgypt, under the shadow of the aranite e :roni- of its hoary history; familiar alike with its mona- ts and its people; enjoying the intellectual fellowship the men who have concentrated upon that cradle of and a vigor of criticism probably nevex paralicled any department of research; acquainted with the nge nationalities which send their earavans from most every part of Afrea, on errands of to Cairo, or missions of pisty to Mecca Palestine; a guest in the tent of the Arab; resident in Greece; a traveller through Europe; a psmorolite in America; in language a polyglot; an clopedia in information—intelligent, active, acuto, laborious—we doubt if there is a man living so well juainted with the results of Euro science, in all hat concerns the early history of mankind and the ques- ‘on of races, or so well qualified to judge of their accu- eA 8 the gentleman whose name finds a worthy asso- tion with that of Dr. Nott, in the authorship of this jmarkable volume. To his critical abilities and inde- dence of expression the work owes inuch of value— ; ue = occasional errors of style cannot diminish impair. Did’ the “Types of Mankind” require anything more ive it a high and permanent position as a standard of ority, the deficiency would be supplied by the con- ; ionnet Auaceia, aud Sen fathe! too byief) posthumous aqoirs of Dr. Morton hit . The firgt named apostle {htural Science, in a memoir which mpy be considered fle resumé of the study of a life, has fersely and com- ly presented his matured conclusiéna upon some questions of ethnology, coinciding with and con- i the results which Morton, Nott, and Gliddon be by independent researches in other fields uiry. ing thus rendered in strong and well-considered lan- e tribute which is personally die to the an- of the work before us, we need only add that it is ced with a well-written memoir by Dr. Patterson, ¢ student to whose memory ft is dedicated. A dis- of the same schoo!, the intimate and personal friend of Morton, his oir is both appreciative and j ¢ limits of an article in a daily newspaper are in- ate to enable usto give more than a very hasty 7 ‘The most and best that can be done is to present s@ of the leading rosults which are claimed to be es- tashed, without any attempt to indicate the processes byhich’'they have veen reached, or to analyze, much leteet forth, the vast acray of facts upon which they Hppsniel, or Lore Aine: this, we may observe that the “Types Praind’? does not respect optotons simply because the are old, nor is it debarred to thers because they are not regard rom giving expression in all quarters as‘ orthodox.’ The diversity of human origins, as disinguished from the doctrine of human unity, is ‘not it down asa hypothesis to be sustained, but a result whch is demonstrated. The facts presented upon this int are abundant, diverse in character, but uniform tendency. In the course of these inquiries the eauses ich are populariy supposed to have effected the wide dveraity of physical couformation, features, color and character exhibited by the various families of men, are shown to be inadequateand unreal, Vulgar chronology, which fixes a known, or cven approximate, period for the existence of mankind on earth, 18 not only discarded, but, its fallacies critically and conclusively exposed. iy those spects it grapples with proscriptive “uemas as fear- Seay as did geology with tha {iteral acceptance of so-called Mosaic account of the creation, while that seceptanco wi held to be a sine Fm mom to human salvation, and before reluctant gots conceded that ‘Moses did not essay to teach !? Ultra orthodoxy, when it made this conces- #@on to science, eought to compensate itself by more * rigorous requisitions upon human credulity. It thenee- forward, more imperiously than ever, insisted upon the unity of mankind, the so-called Hebrew chronology, a universal flood, the confusion of es, and dispersion of menin the plains of Shinar; in short, upon a literal eo of Hebrew Pontateu But tal relition are summed up in the injunction, ‘Do unto thy neghbor as thou would’st have thy neighbor do unto shee, "that neither religion nor morality depend upon reeds r forms of worship, and that tlelr possession ta not incnsistent with the widest dissent/from the deduc- tions wich have been made from the Hebrew Penta- teuch, jor yet with an absolute incredality in the authen- ticity ¢ that document iteelf ;—asserting a freedom for in her pth by the lions of bigotry, superstition, and ig- Galileo javed with more than the potency of the neero- manicer| wand before the frowning brows and #owling ‘eyes of be bigots of the Inquisition, cannot be laid while 8 to be discovered, or error to be over- wn. Followng the memoir of Morton, which constitates ap- Jroreiaty the first article in the work under notice, is re of Agassiz, entitled «Sketch of the Natural ee of the Animal Worl, and their relation to tho Types of\ian.”’ Ii demonstrates, in a mode purely sei- entific, axl carries with it an authority which no one will liginy aii that the boundaries within which the differenttiay combinations of animals are known to upon the surface of the earth, coincide of distinct types of man—in other uns of different regions of the earth is te: Jistinet types of humanity, involving conel; t this harmonious association is the result of laws which have been inaction from Guten al following from accidental or fortuitous conclusion is, in brief, that the ad- organic differences in t, of th ral, equally exist in the various 5 man. The process by which this important remtt \s reached we have not the room to in- leate; ner mn we go more than copy the alteguative | | concerted, it may be regarded as settled by the physio- | ogi | aborigines, as with the phenomena presented by nature | reetly upon the question of ‘the origin of Am which Agassiz himself present “1st. Either mankind Originated from a common stock, ani all. the different raccs with their peculiarities, in their present distribution, are to be ascribed to subsequent changer—an aseumption for which there is no evidence t once to the admission that Ia is not an original one, wor whatever, hich lead the diversity among ani their distribution determined by a general plan, 4. We must acknowledge tuat the diversity among animals is a fact determined by the will of the Creator, and their geographical distribution part of the general plan which unites all organized beings in one organie con- ception; whence it follows that what are ca!led human races, down to their specialization as nations, are distinct primordial forms of the type of man.’? We next come to the chapters wherein the joint labors of Messrs. Nott and Gliddon commence, and which in their scope embrace both hemispheres. Egypt, as afford ing ‘he mooi reliable data for the study of the races of men as they existed thousands of years ago, cliima the first place, and leads with most certainty to scientific | conclusions. Her monuments, running back fora period | of more than five thousand yeara, portray the forms and characteristic features of men as they existed at that early period. They show, amongst other things, that the races of lesser Asia, Egypt and upper Africa, infact all that were known'to the Egyptians, then possessed a type, color, feature and form as distinct and characteristic as atthis hour. The same unchanged characteristics are observed in the domestic animals in all their varieties. Hence it follows that if the diversi- ties which now exist amongst men are due to climate and other physical conditions, while these causes have been without sensible effect for five thousand years, then we must assign a period to human existence on earth, | which it would task the capacity of figures to represent, ‘The reductio ad absvidum may be expressed in the fol- lowing formula :— If five thousand years have been withont a perceptible effect on the various races and types of men, how many millions of years Lecome necessary to dwarf the brain of a Caucasian to the size of that of a negro; to not only crisp his hair, but change its very texture’; to convert Lis white skin into a black one; to flatten his nose, pro- trude his jaws, lengthen his heels, and invest him with the rank ‘smell of a wild beast?’ And vice versa, how many millions to change the negro into a white man? Vulgar chronology, and popular theory as to the varieties ot’ mankind, go together, and are parts of one om. ' Orthodoxy insists Withont reservation or qualification, upon both. There- fore, if ihe chronology which places the data of the creation of wan six thowsand years ago, be trac, and the existing types of men have been unchanged for five thou- sand years, then the diversities which men present must have arisen in the four thousand years after the creation, and the causes which produced them have thenceforward ceased to act! Such are the absurdities in which “ ortho- doxy ” involves its blind followers ! The authors pursue their subject through the whole range of As#yrian antiquities, and classical and European history ; but space will not enable us to follow the: q In respect to America, they have confined themselves to the reproduction of the general conclusions of Gallatin, Morton, and some others who have investigated certain branches of rts ethnology ; and their deductions refer only to two points, viz.:—The antiquity and essential pe- cullarity of the Amorican race. So far as the latter is restarches of Dr. Morton, and the philolog'cal in- of Gallatin, Du Ponceau, and others. ‘The first is red from facts, not so closely connected with the qui infer | itself, These, nevertheless, in some instances, bear di- ‘ican civili- zation. The following facts are certainly siwnificant :— 1. All the nutricions plauts cultivated ‘and used for food in the other hemisphere, such ag millet, wheat. rye, barley, and ents, as we'l as horses, cattlo, sheep, camels, goats, &c., amongst domestic animals, were entirely unknown to tho uborigines. 2. Maize, the gre 2. and almost sols foundation of adorigi- | nal civilization, exciusively indiginous, and was not known in the other hemisphore until after the discovery of America, Upon this point one of the contributors to this volume, Dr. Usher, of New Orleans, presents several startling facts. “In excavations for public purposes in New Orleans, at the depth of sixteen feet below the surface, and lying beneath the fourth level, formed by that number of suc- cessive cypress forests, 10 cach of which a period of at least 14,400 years may be assigned with demonstrable ac- curacy, was found the skeleton of a man, of which tho cranitim exhibited the peculiar type of the American race. This skeleton, therefore, it is deemed by Dr. Usher, has an antiquity of’ at least 57,000 years. But this gen: | 4 systems, such as have never before been conceatrated in , | with the negro, than the superior families of the white | come to constitute a permanent variation in type, or a vilization an intellectual power, an amount of know- | | Hved of any class of humanity; that they have less vigor | race and the negro, scholar of rare endowments, | eof an elaborate work like the “Types of Man- | micnce, proclaiming that true morality and practi- | northern Africa, it follows that his ethnographical chatt humanjeason as wide ns this, sclence has not een stay | norance The spirit evoked, when ‘the uplifted finger of | | tleman does not base his deductions as to the antiquity of humanity, ona single fact of this kind, but supports it by hundreds of others equally well authenticated, and drawn from all parts of the globe. This chapter on “Geology and Paleontology in connection with Human Origins, is one of the most conclusive and important in the whole book, and one most likely to arrest the atten- tion of the general reader. Hy bridity, as a test of species, recelves a searching ex- position at the hands of Ir. Nott. it has been assumed that when two distinct species are brought together—a8 the ass and the mare—they produce an unprolific off- spring; or, at most, beget an offspring which is prolific for a few generations, and then runs out. Hence, it has been argued that as whites and negroes are prolitic infer se, they pertain to the same species and had a common ori- gin, Dr. Nott claims that the mixture of races can never be perfect or permanent, and that it is more or less im- perfect as the various races themselves approximate to or diverge from each other. That isto say, the dark and physicelly inferior families of the souti of Europe mix more readily, and with less marked deteriorating resul races, of which the Saxon may be taken as the highest type. Hecontends further, not only that no intermix- ture can be permanent, but that no intermixture has permenent race, with powers of perpetuation— that is to say,’ the offspring of wlites snd ,ne- groes ato either epcedily merged in one or ‘the ‘ther of the origiual types, or become extinct from defective organization, the necessary consequence fun unnatural intermixture. He affirms, as the result of is own observations and study, that the sceds of decay nd extinetion are visible in tlie very first departure from he primitive type. ‘That mulaitces are the shortest- and endurance than either whites or blacks; that mulatto womenare aubject to a variety of chronie complaints not common in women of pure stock, are bad breeders bad nurses, liable to abortions, and that their children die young; that when mulattoes intermarry their prolifi- ency decreases, and consequently if the line of intermar- riage Was kept parallel they must soon become incapable of reproduction. — That this tendency to run out is most decided in a cross between the highest types of the white as shown in North and South Caroli- na, where the white stock has the fair skin, blue eyes, and light hair, of the north of Europe; and less marked in Louisiana and Florida, where the type of the white race is Celtic and Iberian, possessing the dark skin and black eyes and hair of the south of Europe. ‘The in- ference is that each race lins its gradation of families, the lowest of which more readily mixes with inferior races than with the highest; but that neither are capable, by such intermixture, of originating a permanent interme- dinte family of men. In one word, race is permanent, and in no way derivative; and the white man and negro do not belong to the same tace. We cannot, however, do better than to present the conclusions of the authors, founded uyon their whole range of researciios, including the comparative anatomy of races, in their’ own \, il considered words turaily divided into i whien is distinet Possessing’ a peculiar fauna and fi and that every ies of anima: and plant was orig assigued to its appropriate pr. . 2. That the human fam-ly offers no exception $9 thir g’ ral law, but fully comfurins to it; manvied bere digest into several groups ot races, each of wich eon titutes w | Primitive element in the faund of ite poculiar province 3. Thut history attorde no evidence of the transformation of one type into another, nor of the orivination of a uew permanent type. 4. ‘That cerbwin types have been permanent throngh all re- corded time, and despite the moat opposite moral aud pl sical influence 5, That permanence of type is accopted by science as the enrest tert of epecific character. 6. That certain types have existed (tho enme as now) in and around the Valley of the Nile, from ages anterior to 8.000 y .C.. and consequently long prior to any al- phabétic chronicles, sacred or profane. That tho ancient Egyptians had already classified man- kind, as known to them, into four races, previously to any Ante ntsignable to Moga 8, That} igh antiqui ed by linguistic by cnatomical eh ‘9. ‘That the pritieval existence of man, in widely soparate portions of the giote, is proven by the discovery of h orscous and industrial ‘remains in alluvial doposits and in diluvial drifts; and moro especially of his fossil bones. i bedded in various rocky strata along with the vestizes of e: tinct species of animale, 10, That prolificacy of distinot species, inter se, is now Proved to by no test of common origin fox distinct races is asgly ust by paychologizal history, aud . il. That the most separated in physicail orgenization—sach as the blacks and the whites—do not am te perfectly, but obey the laws of hybridity, follows, as fi Heat, eatese 4% cofollary, that there exists a Genus TMAny primordial types or “spec Part econd of “Typos of Mankind’ is the individual contiibution of Mr. Gliddon, and i# essentially critical ia its chazacter. It contains a masterly analysix of the Xth chapter of Genesis, which may be taken a5 a synopsis of the Hebrew system of ethnography, never intended, as orthodox hteralists have insis ed, to be veewived as genea- logical. Noah stands at the heal of thts so-called genea- logical table, as the general father of mankind atter the “tlood.’? But the name ‘Noah’? means simply ‘‘ob- scurity,”? and the writer of Xth Genesis meant only to ‘expres, Ly this oriental personidcation, that th ions races with which he was acquainted were “ehiidren of the mist,’’ sons of obscurity—in other words, that he did not know their origin. Mr. Gliddon proceois to show that all the so-called sons and grandsons of Noah were names of families, tribes and nationalities, whose locali- ties can be determined in most cases with certainty. As the geographical knowledge of the writer of Xth Genesis only extended over Lesser Asia and a narrow strip of is very circumscribed, and cannot be understood as relat ing or referring, however remotely, to the multitudinous nations of men which existed beyond these limits. “Mankind’s Chronology” constitutes am important chapter in Mr. Gliddon’s special part. It presents a clrcnelogy founded exclusively upon historical and monn- wental records, and not deduced from. natural pheno- mena. India, China, Assyria, Judea, and Egypt, contri- bute their respective quotas to its elucidation. Egypt is believed by Mr. Gliddon to present the most ancient re- liable dates, and he claims, supported by the best minds of Europe,’ that “from the year B.C, 3,8% ined the chronological ‘order of and thet “from an fadefinite 3,898, down to 250 years after the Christian era, the Retoglyplile, character is provel to have been in uninterrupted use.” Epace forbids any further extension of this notice. We can only fay, in conclusion, that ‘Types of Mankind ”’ may be taken as an exposition of ihe advance which science has made in one of its noblest departments, since geology extorted its first concession from ‘ orthodoxy.”” As we have several times used this term, wo may per- haps prevent misconception by explaining tho ‘sense | in which we wee it. We mean to designate that system which exacts belief without investi. gation; which prohibits inquiry as impious, makes ‘@ biind faith in matters no way connected with’ religion and morality. the requisite to peace here and happiness hereafier; and which, no Ie able tocontrol the minds and mould the ona en through the material agency of the rack and the etake, covers with ridf- cule in raising against thosé who doubt its infallibility or reject its dogmas the impotent ery of “infidel !’? Ree gardloes of what this oxihodoxy may monaco, “ Types of Mankind” takes up and carries to their ultimate results the facts and conclusions which many scientiic men have established, but have not had the courage to apply. Altogether, it is the response to the “Watchman, what of the night?” of the exrnest student, and the monument which marks the standpoint of modern ethnographic Felence in this the firat decade of the list halé of the nineteenth century. Errors it may have—some of f: rome of inference, many of expression—but, altogethe it is the most remarkable book which has yet appeared in Amorica, upon the subject to which it directly refers. It is destined to exercive a great inflience, and produce & Profound and permanent impression on the public mind, The second volume of the writings of Tnomas Jer- FERSON, from the original manuscripts deposited in the Department of State, has been published, ia this city, by Riper, Thome & Co., 129 Fulton street, in a handsome octavo volume of 598 pages. The whole series of Mr. Jefferson’s works, we understand, will be comprised in nine volumes. They are edited from the manuscripts purchased by Congress, by Profes- sor H. A. Washington. The volume before us con- tains Mr. Jefferson's letters written while in Paris, to his friends in this country and in various parts of Europe, from 1784 to 1789; and these letters, writ- ten at a most interesting period, are highly interest- ing, giving, hesides a vast ampunt of information on European affairs, the author's opinions on political, moral and religious subjects; embracing also his views of the constitution of the United sfites, adopted by the Convention at Philadelphia in 1787, and afterwards by the several State Conventions. Stringer & Townsend have published a translation of M. Weiss’ History of the French Protestant Refu- gees.’ The original work possesses merits of a pecu- liar order. Mr. Weiss is a very erudite and consci- entions man, has carefully studied his subject, and throws light on many passages of Hoguenot history which have long lain in obscurity. But M. Weiss, though Professor of History in the Lycée Bonaparte, is perhaps the worst historian living. His narrative dull, heavy and uninteresting; in his hands the victims of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes be come shocking bores. He- has been ably seconded in this respect by his translator, Mr. Henry W. Her- Beit, whose English is so painfully French that it is difficult to understand how any practiced reader ina printing office could allow it to pass. Another book @eseribing the Mexican War has just been published by Putnam & Co., for the author. It is understood to be from the pen of Masor Gro- | of 1843, however, he was ealled by the peoyle of the ett Obituary. " | of Providence to represent them ia the convention wii DEATH OF PROFESSOR WILSON. pins, of the First regiment of Ohio Volunteers. The le is easy, and the narration sufficiently interest- | ing to render the work popular. The author would | have left a pleasanter impression on the mind of his | reader, if he had taken less pains to exalt the valor | of his corps and his comrad: It is a dreadful thing to see how universal puffery is getting, { A timely book is Amana Stape’s Turkey and , the Turks, published by Taylor, New York. _ Before Admiral (then Captain) Slade settled in Turkey, he travelled throughout the country, inspected the | fleet, with which he cruised in the Black Sea, and made the acquaintance of most of the leading mem- hers of the government of the Porte. The fruits of that journey are given in the work before us. Form- er travellers had familiarized us with almost every phase of Turkieh society before Captain Slade wrote; but for ovr knowledge of the Turkish navy, which | he describes with admirable minuteness, we are en- | tirely indebted to him. As a whole his workis plea- | sant and readable; though, we contess, the impres- | sion it leaves on the reader's mind is not favor able to the character of the author. , When we find him abusing the Greeks en every occasion, from | the days of Pericles to the present, and blaming | the Turks for not having crushed out the Greek church and y other form of Christianity with- in their dominions, we cannot help thinking that he did quite right in exchanging the name of Adol- phus Slade for that of Maschaver Pacha, | An English poet, Mr. Parrtox Scorr, has given | to the world a volume containing a dramatised ver- | sion of the story of Thomas 4 Becket, and several mi- nor poems. ‘The play betrays an unpractised hand; it | is unskilfully woven; and the characters though pos- sibly true to history, are not so true to nature. | We find in the fugitive pieces several scraps that are | worth preservation, Mr. Scott possesses fancy, and | writes correctly aud apparently with ease; his | rhythm however is not so smooth as one could | wish, and his inversions are often very harsh, A drama, entitled the Regent's’ Daughter, as cribed to the pen of Wiri1am YounG, Esq., isa plea- sant addition to our dramatic literature. The plot | is taken from Dumas’ romance, and is cast into dra- matic shape with skill and effect. We should think it would be very sucessful on the stage. ¥ Jupex Hors an’s treatise On the Esiate and Rights of the Corpcration of the city 4 New York is a useful book, and ought to be in te library of every lawyer and citizen. A time will shortly come when ‘we shall need to refer daily to Hoffman in order io re- establish our corporation and whole system of city government on a sound basis, Religious controversiatists will welcome the work entitled The trials of a mind in its progress to Catholicism, by Di. Wes, Inte Protestant Episcopal Bishop of North Carolina, (Boston, Donahoe). We have nothing to say to the principles advanced in the work. lt is written in a spirit of moderation and candor, and from writer's position and sin- gular apostacy will probably command a geueral rusal. is A republication of the Rev. Mr. Frexcn'’s Hulsean lectures for 1845 and 1846 will be well received by the same classes. (Philad., Hooker). Another work on Spiritual Manifestations, by J. B, Dons, is added by Dewitt & Davenport to our already copious library on that subject. Mr. Dod being sane, rejects the spiritual theory at the outset; and shows no more favor to Reichenback’s notion of odie force. He has 9, theory of his own, based on | certain conditions of the nervous systems of the indi- viduals known as media. We doubt whether he succeeds in making out as good a case as Reichen- back. The Rey. Josern T. Cooper, of Philadelphia, | has published a second edition of hts onsianght on Odd-Fellowship. We don’t think the book is likely to do much harm to the Odd Fellows, or much good to | Mr. Cooper. It is written in the narrow minded | spirit of a bigot; and displays in equal proportions, | ignorance and aifectation of learning, Mrs. Partington looms up again in book form, under the editorship of Mr. Shillaber (Derby & Co., N. a) Ag a mrth moyiag collection of odd doings and odds commend it to hypochondri A neat r jon of Miss Hill's Bagtish varefoa Corinne has just been iesued by Baird, of Philadel- ep Beardsley & Co., of Auburn, have col- ected several good papers from Household Words, and published them ina yolume under the title of Pear! Fis!iing.—Krom the press of G, P. Putnam & Co., we haye dedition of Kexxzpy’s Rod | f the Bowl, which will be gladly weicomed by the lovers of one Gi thr most esteemed authors— remint or Becryonp’s Vaihek, in neat form,a well got up, has been published by Baird, of Phi Celphia—the fourth volume of Putnam's excel! edition of Appzson h ett, of Boston, hasrepub Bifore the Flocd, one of Ly that eminent divine, ‘Ss made its appearance,— shed Dr. Cumainas e many excellent works jarper's for April is as readable as neafl. The Reverend Jolin 8. C. Abbott continues to bespatt Napoleon with praise : and Thackerey Las auother chapter of the Newcomes. Resides ceveral light ar- ticles, a paper on the accession of the present r, and a sketch of Christopher North.—writien pefore we received the me insti uctive end ‘fune.—Putsam’s ral interesting arficles, and pieces of verse; but as a wi tome of the previous nnmbe of Household Words only lacks Ame’ place it in the first rank among lig’ —The New York Quarterly written ia a judicious spirit, and possessing merit of opportuneness. It labors, however, a feebleness of will and opinion which is not sug- gestive of longevity. niains seve- sol A Sad Record of Crime. It will be observed by our summary of the proceedings of the Court of Oyer and Torminer, (says the Troy Times.) that George Gillespie was sentenced to Auburn Stact Prison for ten years, He was convicted of burglary in the first degree, and could not be sentenced for a lees term. Prisoner last evening started, in charge of Deputy Sheriff Phillips, for his long and dreary home. He is a boy only seventeen years of age, and of fine appearance. No one, from his manners, would suspect him to be a | rogue; and itis believed by many who know him weil that his ruin has been effected by evil associations, he having been lured info the company of such desperate robbers os Trip Farrell and others like him. ‘The fate of the Gillespie hoys, four in number, shonld prove a warning to the young, to keep clear of bad com. any, and to resist, With unyielding determination, tl Tempiations to vice’and crime. ‘Thive of these brothe are row rerving out terms in the State Prison. Hiram Gillespie, aged about twenty-three years, be- came a very bad boy in Troy. He was arrested on a | the Fnglish langw neholy new or his death—are | - charge of some high offence, was bailed by his father, and lett thia vietnity, hin parenta not knowing ‘whither he had gone. This was nearly tree yearsago. They next heard of their erring son from Sing Sing prison, to which he had been sentenced at Newburg for the crime of burglary. Another brother, James Gillospie, (noxt younger, ) about twenty years of age, was arrested some two years ago for breaking into ihe grocery store corner of State and Fifth streets. He was caught by officer Kipp while erase, to escape from the premises. He was tried and conyicted ren AeA last winter, and sentenced to Aubarn State prison for the torm of five years. . Next follows the sentence of George G ie, as above “ocae ecepxt yang ly te lown ; the nex: years of-age, is now in jad evaltag is eal ‘@n indietment for perpetrating, in conju itn Farrell, the recent daring burglaries in Lansingburg. | | | e evidence against him is con¢lusive, and thyge is no doybt he will be convicted, On Monday morning, April 3, died Professor Wilson, the ‘Christopher North’ whom probabiy none of his readers ever thought of as dea. or Gin, . or losing any pf the intense vitality which distinguished the iiéal “Christopher North’’ from all other men, The ‘“Chris- topher North” and John Wilson are separated now, and forever. The will live very long, if not always, aud without losing an atom of } vat the other, after long sinking—after grievous dey nm and gradual ex- tinction by paralysis, is gone; and none of the many who loved and worshipped him couid wish that he had lived another day in the condition of his latter years. He was in his 60th year, having Been born at Paisley in 1788, his father being a woalthy manufacturer there. He entered Glasgow University at the ave of 13, and in four years more went to Magdalen College, Oxford, where his extraordinary quality was recognize at once. Hoe was the leader in all aports, from his great bodily strength as well as his enthusiasm for pleasure of that kind; and he gained the Newdegate prise for an English poom of sixty lines. On leaving coliege he bought the Eleray estate, on Windermere, which will ever be haunted by his memory, for there ix not a point of interest about it or ihe neighborhood which he has not immortalized. So early as the beginning of 1812 we find Scott writing to Joanna Baillie of the extraordinary young man, John Wilson, who had written an elegy upon “ poor Gra- heme,” and was then engaged in a poem called the “Isle of Palms’’—*‘ something,” added Scott, curiously enough, ‘in the style of Sonthey.”? He became Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh in 1820, and bad already done more than any one man towards raising the character of periodical literature by his marvelious contributions to Binet vood’s Magazine, and the stimulous his genius imparted to a whole genera- tion of writers of that class, We all know his selection from those papers—the three vol of Christopher North.” There ture exactly like them; an’ ma) never will be. ‘They ave not only venture to say there the most eifective transcription of the moods of thought and feeling of a deeyly thinking and a feeting mind—a complete arresting and presentiment of those moods ag they pass—but an absolute realizing of the influence of nature in a book. ‘The scents and breezes of the mooreland are carried fo y into even the sick chamber by that book, and through it the writer practised the benevolence of the ent rich map, and was I Vilson’s eloquence to be as the rushing of migl teva; and it was no less the bracing of the mountain winds. His faine will rest on his prose weitings, and not ‘on his two chief poems, the “ Isle of Palms’ and the “City of the Plague;” and of his proae writings, his “ Recreations’? will, we ine, outlive his three novels, “Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life,” the “T: Margaret Lyndsay,” and ‘The Foresters.’” marvel of his eloquence is not lossened, it is counted for to those who have scen him—or even his por- trait. Such a prerence is rerely acen; and more one person has said that he reminded them of the man, Adam, so full was that large frame of vital force, and sexiience, The writings of Wilvon ag Christopher North need only be alluded to. Everybody knows them—the extraordi nary picturesqueness, recklessness, vigor, and imagina- tion of his #tyle. The cream of theo works has been collected, and forms one of the richest books of tancy in A slight sketch of the man, ashe appeared in latter years, may not prove unacceptabl John Wilson, then, was a stout, tall, athletic man, wit broad shoulders and chest, aud prodigiously muscular limbs. His face was magnificent; his hair, which he wore long and flowing, fell round his massive foatures liken lion’s mane, to which, indeod, it was often com- pared, being much of the same hue. His lips were al- ways working, while his grey flashing eyes bad a weird sort of look which was highly characteristic. In hia dress he was singulatly slovenly, being, except on stute occasions, attired ina threadbaie suit of clothes, often rent, his shirts often buttonless, and his hat of the de- | scription anciently called shocking, style of costume was just as odd. stalked along the coll His professionial Ilis gown, as he xe terraces, flew in tattered stripes behind him; and, altogether, John Wilson, with all his genius, was personally one of the most sttangely eccen- tric of the many eccentric characters existing in his day in the metropolis of the North. moods were as various as those of the mother nature he adored. scenery deeply with Wordsworth when floating on Win- dermere at sunset; and he could, as we see by Moore’s Diary, imitate Wordsworth’s monologues to admiration under the lamp at a jovial Barnburgh Supper table. The “grace and gentle goodness” of his wife were bound about his heartstrings; and the thought of her was known ard felt to underlie all his moods from the time of herdeath, She loved kileray, and the trees about it, and he allowed not a twig of them to be touched till the place grew too mossy and mournful, and then he parted with it. He was much beloved in that neighborhood, where he met with kindness whatever was genuine, while he repulsed and shamed all flatteries and affecta: tions, Every eld boatman and young angler, every hoary thepherd and primitive dame smong the hills of ihe dis- trict, knew him and enjoyed his presence. He was @ stendy and a genial fr long Course of year He made others happy by being so intensely happy himeeif, when his brighter moods were on him. He felt, and enjoyed too, intensely, and paid the penalty in the deep melancholy of the close of his life. He could not chasten the exuberance of his love of nature and of genial human intercourse: and he was cut oli {rem both, long before his death. The sad spectacle Was witnesred with respectful sorrow, for all who had ever known aim felt deeply in debt to him. He under went an wttuck of pressure on the brain some years be- fore his death, ant an access of paralysis closed the keene, TRATe, of Mas. ‘Thamnene FREUNGHCYSEN.—Tho fenern of ibe late Mra, Charlotte Frelinghuysen, wife of Hon Theodore Frelinghuysen, President of Rutgers Colleve wus attended yesterday, by a large concourse of friends. A lengting procession was formed at the residence of the Fresideat, compoved of the clergy of. the place, tho Trustees Of the College, the Professors of the College and Seminory, the family, and citizens generally, and meved to the ‘Second Reformed Dutch Church. — A dis- courre was preached by Rev. Mr. Woodbridge, the pastor, Rev. Mr. Demarest and Rey. Dr. Knox officiated. The interment was in the burial ground of the First Preaby- terian Church, near the graves of Drs. Livingston and C-ndit, former Presidents of the College.—Newark: Daily Advertiser, April 14. DEATH OF GOV. KNIGHT OF RHODE ISLAND. [rem the Providence Journal, April 19. We discharge a melancholy duty this morning in an novneing the death of Nehemiah Rice Knight, which event took place at his residence on High strect, at halt- yoat three o'clock yesterday morning, after an iliness Pong ana painfully protraeted, and which for months was heleved by himscl! as well as his friends to be entirely irremediable. There is now no man living in this Stato who was ¢o long in public life as Governor Knight; and we therefore feel warranted, although he has for the Inst thirteen years been living in retirement from the bliceye, to’ make the following record of Lis political Nehemih R. Knight was born in Cransten on the 31st day of December, 1780. He was the sem, of Nehemiah Enight, a farmer, and a prominent polttitian of hits day of the anti-federal school. He wag on‘of the representa- i; vongress from this State from 1803 to 1808. The youth ef the son was passed upon the paternal home- stend. He received no better elluention than could be obtuined at the ordinary schools of the time, and which, itis well known, were not of a very high order. however, most assiduously improved all the advantages within bie reach; 0 that im after life he did not, in all rolid and useful Tearning, compere untavorably with most of those of his contemporaries who had enjoyed op- pextunitics of acsdemical culture. He very carly in life become a politician. At the age of twenty-two years he | Was elected a representative from the town of Cranston | to ‘he Legislature of his native State, He served in that | sryeciy through the term for which he was chosen, but Le’ore another election ocenrred, he had removed to the town of Providence, where bs bas continued to reside ever rince. In 1605 he was elected Clerk of the Court of Common | Pleas for the county of Providence, suceceding im that cfice the late Hon. James Fenner, who had heen chosen a Serator in the Congress of the United States, ‘This yince he held until i611, when the federalists came in In June, 1812, he received the appointment of rk of the Circuit Court for the District of Rhode j, and continued to perforfa its duties until 1817. year he was elected President of the Roger Wil- | pk in this city, which place he held until re- y death. in this latter year, mi vereat pel Hems F noved it le memorable by one of | ests recorded in our history, «| Governor. ‘The federalists, ai of a gallaut, chivalrous, 4, had roaintained their as- he rerowo end tho popularity of the itela wert too sirong to be resisted. ty, around whore memory still cluster ecions, Was overborne, Mr. istrate bya majority of ones. He was oppored Hon, Elisha R. Potter, ority. In the years ere Was no oppesition inade to his elec- ling in a great measure sub- | nified manner in whieh he gh office, secured general ney and necessity of estab- oughout the Si and sug- heir support which was practicable luing too burthenrome to the treasury. Many ures of the plan proposed by him wore eubec- of the fe quently adopted, and the reselt bas proved the wisdom cf the measure, 6nd shown the great benefits that have flowed from the system, the course of the war with Great Britain, tho affairs a sect ats ce eae pal collector of (he internal revenue for the district of Rhode Island become confused and embarra: |, Which rendered another appointment necessary. Mr. Knight was nominated for the place by Mr. Madison, and confirmed by the Senate, without hia knowledge, or in fact without any intimation whatever that such an appointment was contemplated. He dis- charged the duties of this station satisfactorily to the government and to all parties interested, resigning the cfice when he was elected Governor. Mr. Knight was married early in life, and for more than fifty years wasakind and aifcctionate husband, until be , ber 4, 1850, when his companion died, leaving hira childless. On the 26th dey of December 1820, James Burrill, one of the Senators from this State in the Congress of the United States, departed this life, after four years of hon- oreble and brilliant eerviee, In the following month, the Legirlature wnenimonsly elected Governor Kniglit to fill the vacency, ‘ihe term for which he was elected expir ed in 124. In January of that year, he was re-clocted for a full term of six years by a majority of one vote, he having received forty votes, and Elisha R. Potter, thirty- nine, In October 1821 another term of six years. In May 1835, he was elected for another six years by three majority, forty-one votes Leing cast for him, and thirty-eight for Elisha R. Potter. ‘We do not believe that in the history of Senatorial con- tests in the whele country, a paraile' can be found for During this long struggle, the rivals had chenged Inthe re-organization of partica which fvllowed Mr. Monroe's retirement, from the Presicency, Governor knight became a, national republican, and. Mr. Potter a su) porter of Ceneral Jackton. r. Knight retired from public life in March, 1841, with the expiration of the administration of Mv. Van Buren, and was succeeded in the United Sates Senate by | his (rund, the Kou, ypmes F. Simos, Ja the summmes He could enter into the spirit of lake | nd to poor Hartley Coleridge for a | He, | | $18 due for Croton water, and a chee for the balanco— | the interest is pai? | the plaintifi’s claims, which are not countervailed by facts P | under seal by himself produced. | Pittsburg he was unanimously elected fore formed the present constitution of Rhode Island, In that convention he was an active and influential member. Sinee that time he has devoted himself to his private affairs. DEATH OF CAPTAIN CANFIELD AT DETROIT. | {Prom the Detroit Advertiser, April 19.] We were greatly pained to hear it announced this morning that Captain Avguetus Canfield, of the Topo- | graphical Engineers, U.S. A., one of our most esteemed | and respected citizens, was no more. He breathed his last at am early hour yesterday morning, at his resi- | dence in this city, having been suddenly eutdown by | ® tpid congestion, which set at defiance all medica! skill. We speak of him as a citizen, for although Captain | Confeld was in the army, and un ornament to the ser- | vico, which it was his pride to pursue and adorn, he | had been so long stationed at this point, and was Con h £0 many of the cherished associations of y family ties, (having married a daughter of nguished townsman, Gen. Cass,) aud by inter &s one of our own citizens. Captain Canfield was a native of New Jersey, where he numbered amongst his near relatives the Hon, Mablon Dickerson and Hon. Philemon Dickerson. He grady ted at West Point with distinction, and was first com: missioned in the gallant 42d regiment of artillery, but was soon after transferred to the corps of Topographical Engineers, in which he served till the time of his deaih. Captain Canfield was ardently devoted to the science of his profession, to which his clear and discriminating mind was peculiarly adapted. His excellent, dispassion- ateand reliable judgment, in combination with his highly scientific attainments, enabled him to accomplish the most important practical results, The Wagochance light house, built: upon a sunken reef in the Strait of Muck nac, the “ Eddystone Light” of the lakes, and which has successfully resisted the combined assaults of the tem- pesis and the ico, is at once a triumph and an enduring monument of his’professional skill. By the appointment of the Governor and Senate of this State, and with the approbation of the proper department at Washington, ho held the important place of Engineer of the Sault St. Marie Canal, which great national work was commenced and has been thus far prosecuted under his professional supervisio: je of this State will long remem- ber with gratitude his public services in connection with this important work, and deo} et that his valuable life had not been spared to witness its successful com: pletien. Capt. Canfleld was a gentleman of high honor, rigid and strict integri His many social and domes. irtues not only ende him to those who were wont tobe grouyed in ‘the family circle around his hearth stone, but also bound to him by the strong attachments of friendship a lorge eircle of warm frienda, who loved him while living and will weep bitter tears over his un timely graye. Marine Court. in social life, that we bad come to look upon him | Visit to Timbuetoo. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDON Tims. } 4, 8m—Pespatches and rirate letters have this moraiq | been received from fir. Barth, announcing his safe arciv at that celebrated city Timbuctoo. In order not to encroach too greatly on your valuab space, the reader may be referred to the account of the ex ion under Dr. Barth, just published by authority of ty’s Foreign Office, in which work all the reasons which prompted Dr. Barth to ventureon that un- flertaking are explained, and the first portion of the jour ney itself is described. It suffices to observe that when Dr. Barth, in September, 1852, lost his only companion, Dr. Over he saw himself reluctantly compelled ta eB | abandon for the time the contemplated journey across. abandon for the continent towa da the Indian le resolved, however, with eas Bee a a eens alone wad ie = ney to Timbuetoo, which, though greatly magnitu than a journey would be to the Indian Ocean, was looked upon as a most difficult and dangerous attempt. ‘As the sole survivor of the mission” (so wrote Dr. before his departure from Kuka) “the completion of its ob- s now devolving entirely on me, I feel my powers doubled, and my mind all the more ‘ietermined, singie- | handed, to follow up the results already obtained. means consist of a tolerable supply of presents, in addi- | tion to two hundred dollars, four camels, and four horses, My health is in th and, with - | Vest condition, five trustworthy, long-tried servants, well armed, , and | having plenty of powder and shot with ua, I shall, with: | fresh and redoubled courage, and with full confidence of, | success, start on my journeyto Timbuctoo.? Accordingly Dr. Harth, a ‘man who never boasts with | empty words, eet out from Kuka hy the end of Novem | ber, 1862, and proceeded first io Sakatu, by way of Zine der’ and Eashna, the route by Kano being impracticable, on account of the war in that region between the Bour- nouese and Fellatal ‘The last lotters received from him | were dated Kashna, 6th of March, 1853; thore received this day from Timbuetoo, (by way of Tuat,) bear dates ranging from the 7th of September to the &th of October last, and none of the various letters despatched durin the'six months from March to September have as yet reached Europe. The details of his proceedings during that time, theres fore, comprising the whole of his journey from Kashna to Timbuctoo, are yet unknown. ‘It appears, however, that the general direction of his route from Sakatu to ‘limbuctoo was at first west-north-west; and that ho crossed the Kowara (caypmonly called Niger) at Say, am important place, of considerable size, situated in about fourtten degrees north latitute and three degrees forty= five minutes east longitude Greenwich; 150 geographicak miles west-ocrth west from Sakatu. Both from this ples and Libtako he bad despatched letters to Earope by way of Sakatu. Libtnko is alarge place, situated in about fourteen degrees forty minutes north latitude and thirty minute: t longitude, 885 geographical miles from Sa~- katu, and 240 from Timbuetoo. m Liblako to Timbuetoo the general direction of Dr. # till he reached Saraiyam i of Timbuctoo, and situate hb of the Kowara, On the former a °C river he cmbarked on the Ist of September, At first its Refers Hon: Jie Secprthy- presented a fino chest of water, 00 yards in Width; bate wok nah hAtbsat , | afterwards a most iniriente system of narrow meandering. platntift claim ‘10 | channels, partly overgrown with reeds and grass, at & | -Pestata ito bin ihe" oe distance of forty miles in a straight line from Saraiyamo. fendant, to his, the use. The defen aat plead- | us zigzag navigation, he entered tha | ed a general denial, w al answer setting forth are on the 4th of Beptember, near the facie of the case, cumstances out of which the action arose are as follow:—On the 20th of February | last the plainti’ made a written contract to sell to the | defendant a house and lot in th vey the pron a mortgage, dated November Ist, 1854, and bearing est at seven per cent, and also agreed to pay the interest on said merigage from the date thereof. ‘the defendant agreed to p on the above terins, tgage as a portion of the consideration money. ‘hing the title it appeared by the recorded deeds that Samuel F. Butterworh was the actual owner of the premises, and that $ in arrear for water rent. The defendant communicated these facts to the plaintiff's attorney and counsc!, ! iward P. Clark, the firm of Clark & Cornwall, dir. Ciark admitted th d there was some arrangement existing betwoen nti and Mr. Butterworth, that Mr. Butter- would convey the premises to the dant. The | defendant raised no objection, and attended at Mr. | Clark's office to pay his money and to tule his deed. There was then due for interest on the said mortgage $106 84; the defendant inquired what he had ‘o Clark informed him the amount of purchase agreed on, less the amount due for interest and water rent; for the amount so claimed the defendant gave a check, payable to Mr. Butterworth, and received in « change the deed of Butterworth’ and wife for the pre- mises. ‘hus ended tho business, ax the defendant thought; but on the following day he received a request to attend at Mr. Clark’s office. He went, and found | there 8. W. Cronk, the father of fhe plaintiff, and Mr. | Clark, Mr. Clark’ stated thaton the settlement of the previous day a mistake had been made—that he, He. | Clark, ought not to have allowed the defendant the $106 ¥4 for the interest on the mortgage. ‘The defend- ant replied that if there was indeed any mistake, he would certainly ‘rectify it, He, would look ai pay On referring to the contract he found the plaintiif essly agreed to pay the interest, and conse- the defendant refused to pay it. then commenced ¢ action, end enc ‘ored to suslain it solely on the testimony of the plaintiff ’s father, 8. W. Cronk, and his counsel, Edward P. Clark, who both testi- fed tHiat when they had the defendant alone with them in Mr. Clark he had promised to pay the sum claimed. ‘aut, however, ot the plai ther und of Mr amingtion of muel F. But facts of the transactio his contract, and if he was to pay $106 94, he we it. | | | i} i | | | Glark, and by the ex: terworta, brought all the the effect above stated, before i rest of premises was only as @ said Butterworth with pl said premises to plaintiil 's father Ha honse for said Butterworth, and 8 not yet finished. ;-J. Townshend, for defendant. This netion was brought to recover lant money alleged to have been paid him ther Words, it is the old action for money received. Waiving the question to reach sub- 1 justice between the partics, of whether the form outs proper, I proceed to the true merits of the controversy. 1 iory here remark that the whole evi- had no more than an et of sale of the p k, and if plaiatif ’s ted to anything, it him to the defendant xe to himsel ndant in its terms himself is to pay the fother, to con assipnme ses made to one 8. | ment with the d more than are-a | his interest in | contract between plaintifi a presely stipulates that the interest upon the mortgage to i , from its “ate. ‘then the détendant agrees to purchase the house anv lot for so much cash, and to astume the payment of the Halsey mortgage; nothing is sail about his paying any interest then due. But even admitting for a moment (to poss beyond that point), that the plaintif could, under’ the whele evilence, recover at all fer any violation of the terms of that agreement, tthat he cannot allege that the defendant » interest then due, as the plaintiff himself was to pay t had contracted so todo. At all events, he could not claim that defendant was to pay until he, the pliintif, hat erfprmed ihe conditions which common sense and the egal construction of the instrument ‘render precodent toany performance by the defendant. Did the plaintiff “sell and convey?’ No, he could not, asi have before shown; the de“#udant entered and holds uncer a decd from S. F. Butte>worth and wife—hence the plaintif’ is not ina position to sc. Let us see further, if there be | any equities in favor of *Ue plaintiff. The settlement, by the testimony of plaintiff’s Witnesses,was made upon the basis of the following statemer*t, Vi7.:—So much paid on agreement: $106 94 interest due Halsey’s mortgage; making in all, the amount agreed uj", besides as- suming payment of the Halsey mortgage. — This, of it- self, ren love palpable the pe of ate itor, in supposing he basa claim against the defendant. Upon the facts dirclosed in evidence, it is apparent ‘hat the interest from the date of the mor to the deli- very of the deed was aliowed to the defendant; this cay only be construed to have been because he was to pay It | to the mortgagee. This allowance furnishes no argument for the plaintiff, for the reason is apparent that the de- fondant received the conveyance of the property subject to the mori; e—to enve his property, he must see Hie palt—-be should in no view be held liable to pay it twice, which the plaintiff's claim would render him liable to do, and further giving the full effect to all which in plain terms contradict them, and still looking mainly to the Cquitiee—(the law having been disposed of above)—I cannot but observe that the ceed called for (ahove referred to) and the Lager produced by tho plainti® chow the consideration money to have been all, raid, while the plaintil’s construction would compel the defendant to pay $106 94 above that sum. And what. ever the plwintifi’s private individual understanding of the trancaction ma, © been, so far ns adjudication is concerned le must be hela estopped Ww the instrument (I Hawks, 1. & BR. G4.) Inno aspect canthe plaintiff recover upon the evi- dence prevented. Therefore, ordered judgment for defend- aut, with coste. TrrniaLe ConrLaGRation—Tur Town or Do- vin, KY., IY Reixs—Loss $60,000.—We learn from pas- sengers who came down the river yesterday, on the | packet, that as the boat neared the town of Dover, Ky., twelve miles below Maysville, a tremendous conflagration was seen to be in progress. ‘The boat war lauded, when it was digeovered that two of the principal Dusiness rquazes of the town had been consumed, and the devouring element was still making terrible progress. Several tobacco warehouses were consumed with their contents, beside stores, groceries and private residences, the occupants of which had lost nearly all shets. onde, furniture, &e. The boat left when two thirds of the town was burned down, and the fire was still raging. The loss is estimated at being over one bundred thousand rs. ‘The particulars of this conflagration will probably reac us to-morrow. P. S.—Since writing the above, we learn by the arrival of the Maysville packt that the Dover Hotel, four large tobacco warchouses, filled with tobacco, geven atores and five groceries, were destroyed. ‘The fire was arrested | about four o'clock pestered morning. Only a few dwel- lings were saved. Dover had a population of about seven hundred —Cincinna’i Garelie, April 15. Menpen or A HvsBanp sy nts § 1 OF 111% ep ieree gS A ‘the Ma Pa) Sentinel, the community were starcted by an awful occurrence which tronepired in Penn township, avout four miles northeast of cur borough. On the previous night the wife of Mr. Pavid Sohm,who, we learn, bad beon somewhat deranged { Wr for n period of several weoks, while Mr. 8, was in bed and asiecp, struck him a blow on the side of his hend vitha ling axe, stunning him, and causing @ serious wound, from which he, however, somewhat recovered in , and agreed to con- | umbrances,except | and to assume | The platntift | cross-examination | the village of Koromeh, presenting ® magnificent aspect, covered, as it Wi with a numerous fleet of vessels and oats of Various sizes. Crossing the Kowara and entering a creek on its north- is ir. Berth reached Kabara on the next following Kabara is only a small town of four hundred houses. and huts, but bas attained great celebrity as the port of ‘Vimbucteo. It searcely, however, deserves that distinc= tion, ag it is approachable by water only during four months of the year at an average, and at moat during five | months, when the floods are unusually high. The creek | on which it is situated is of so inconsiuerable a size and | depth, that even at the time of Dr, Barth’s visit, which | was during the rainy season, the boat, bearing only him- self and bis effects, had to be dragged up to the placo with great difficulty; the creek measured about 15 feet | across, and the water scarcely reached up to the boat- man’s knees. The docks of Kabara, as an artiicial, largo and handsome basin close to the town may be called, con- tained but a few boats at the time of Dr. Barth’s arrival , the place already mentioned, and the iste between it and Kabara, have greater claims to bo K | of Da - | considered the port of Timbuctoo. On the 7th of September, 1853, Dr. Berth entered tho city of ‘limbuctoo in grand style, escorted by the brother | of the Skeilh-el-Bakay, the ruling chief, and by « splen- did suite on horseback, on came! and on foot, welcomed | and saluted by the festive multitudes of the inhabitants. ‘The latter had been made to believe that the arriving stranger was a messenger from the Great Sultan of Stam= boul! The real character of Dr. Barth was only known to the Sheikh himself, whose protection and good will the intrepid traveller had been fortunate enough to ob- fain, an’ who considered it advisable that he should as- | sume that character, on accountof the very fanatical Gisposition of the great mass of the people. During Dr. Parth’s subseouent stay, up to the 5th of October, the Sheikh-el-Paboy and bis brother had remained | the faithfnl friends of the pretended ‘ ambassador from Stamboul;’? but even under this character Dr. . Barth considered himself vot entirely free from danger, owing to the complicated nature of the po- litical powers which exercise a sovereign sway | over Timbuctoo, the inhabitants being —comi- | posed of various nationalities. There are— first, the Sonray, forming the great mass of the ; then Arabs of various tribes—Fellatahs an is, together with a snall number of Bambara an | Mandingo. One fwetion was not at all favorably disposed | towards Dr. Barth, but wished his death ; 40 that it wag necessary for him to obgerve great caution in his moves ments afd in his intercourse with the people. Fortunate indeed it was that the traveller had_ secuved the since and u uivocel friendship ef the ikh, under whose immediate protcetion ke lived at bis resitence, and who had promised to have him safely escorted on Lis return to Sahat. ‘Thus fer the news will be gratifying to the friends of Dr. Barth. His state of health, however, w in the same degree satisfactory, The secorplichment of the journcy from Lake Trad to Timbuctoo, which in lincar extent, taking into account the windings of the route, amounts to at least two thousand miles, may well prove a trying task for the physical powers of any man, ficm its extent alone; but when to this iw added a preceding three yeara’ travel and toil, the obstructions arising from the rainy season, with its swollen rivers, floods, and inundations, during wh! om» partly at the journey to Timbuctoo was ssn | plished, together with the harassing diffcustiey and dan- gers arising from the fanattal character of the inhabi- tents he had to pass through, it will scarcely excite sur- prise that Dr. Parth should have reached Timbuctoo in @ rather exhausted condition. Such were the exertions of | the journey that two out of six camels diel on the road, | and the remainder were rendered unfit for further use” And as to Timbuctoo, the sojourn at that place seems to | have been i en but refreshing and strengthening in its effect on Dr. Barth, consisting, as it does, of a pent- up mass of closely packed buildings, Attacks of fever, | therefore, affected the health of the traveller still more than the weakening effects of the journey, and it is evi- dent from the letters that his strength was greatly im- paired when he wrote them. Hopes, however, of goon rallying and regaining his strength never left Br. Barta;, and with 4 most remarkable perseverance and couraye he was planniug his next journey, the return to Sakatu while despatching the letters now received. 7 The city of Timbuctoo, which to reach has been tho life's ambition of so many celebrated travellers, is placed by Dr. Barth in 18 dev. 3 min. 30 sec. to 18 veg. 4 minutes 5 seconds north latitude, and 1 defiree’ 45 minutes west longitude, Greenwich. Its fe is that of a triangle ; it iy closely built of houses, mostly of clay and stone, many with handsome and ‘ul fronts—the fn- terior being similarly arranged to that of the houses in Agadez, visited by Dr. Barth in 1850, The population is. estimated at 20,000 souls. Dr. Barth found the market of Timbuctoo, celebtated as the centre of the North African caravan trade, of less extent than that of Kano, but the merchandise of superior quality and of greater value, He bas obtained a complete diana Tht toe a] h fer any English traders who may wish to visit imbuctoo, The country in which the city is situate: bordérs on the Zahara, ‘and is, indeed, simMar to thas region, being of a dry and barren description, except to- wards the Kowara, where it assumes a more fertile ay pearance, September formed the height of the raix searon, and the rains, though not heavy, then occq every second or third day. =~ Dr. Parth hoped to leave Timbuctoo ‘within: month’ from the 29th of September last, to retura t Sakata, and it is most probable that he will travel dow the Kowara as faras the town of fay. He was not ih aware either of the succor under Dr. Vogel, despatche. from this country in February, 1863, nor of the steam boat expedition now en the eve of departure for visiting” the regions discovered by him in 1861; but it is sincgre~ ly hoped this cheering and encouraging news may have reached him soon after the despatch of his leiters, and that, moreover, it a Aad is good fortune to fall in with: citber the one or the other. Further communications, both from Dr. Darth and ‘rom Tir. Vogel, may now be expected with every mail. The geographical importance of Dr. Barth’s journey to Timbuetce wil not require to le pointed out, ita ae~ complirhment adds a fread leaf to the laurel: of that meritoriovs and distinguished traveller. Thaye the konor to be, sir, Your most obedient humble servant, AUGUSTUS PETERMANN. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT” CP SCRNCE. ne GB ression respect. rie i I con’ seve- “4 rented ‘to state that the eighth erie ees the Ameren Association for the Advance- of 1 im tent of Science will be held at the Smithsonian ita- tion, commencing at 10 A. M. on jeaday, oth heat inst. Since the cireular forwarded to its members on the 8d inst. other railroad and steamboat companies baye consented to grant free tickets to members ni home who present a certificate from the secretary Lave paid full fare on their journey to Was! The “following is 2 complete list of the tines which have thug fa te iP abeerded she eoueteey: but ne <2 that others wi be equally diberal:-—Wi ‘ton to mond ; ia Central 5 eee fohde ease Ce eaiggton to Baker: Hime {pay ihe) Pal sto Wheeling; ing: AT q foiion, Baltimore to Philadelphia; New York to Dunkirk; Monree, (yo) mem| requested to record t the stiiution as enrly aa. roation rel to it P.M. so be found with Messrs T. & avbort time. He then aweke his children, and sent for one of his netgbbora, Mr, Faustenanr, who immediately repaired tothe place. He found Mr. and Mrs. 8, in the raine room—the latter, however, immediately entored anedfeining one, snd, when he had learned from the husband what bad happened, be went in search of her, she having made her eseaje throygh one of the win- dows. On ner diay mor nfo she was discovered dead, lyi iw the ely, With a piece of cord, made of of het only "ial into strips and twisted, drawn | tightly around her neck, and another pieces fastened to a raiter in the sty—suflicient evidence that she had hung hereelf, end thet the cord Ld but not until she bad bung long enovgh to cause deat above. —W emma Teureraxce Grx.—The Providence strict temperance paper. d auecdote for @ y teens Bae Ai hec hada Se eae for weet ictore the clore of the flere of and as an anti Matne law stripe arrived in a proved the belance of power, desperate means rerorted to. Consequentl; ihe leader of the temperanva party stepj ed forth and offered two gallons of gin to tia~ rqued if they would vote his ticket. The offer was a cepted, and ‘the two gallons of gin elected a tempernacg: Lourd of town officers.