The New York Herald Newspaper, April 3, 1854, Page 8

ties of the Case—The Circumstances, de. A lend. eo, after three days and three nights—three excit ing days of apprehension, and three anxious nights of ¢ late pending duel between Messrs. Cutting alarm—has And Preckenridge been amicably adjusted to the satisfac tion of the honor of both parties and the offended dignity | of the Hous The belligorents regret what they have | Core ond yretuise to be good boys for the future. “Blessed | anctiesce ers,” saith the good book ; and blessed , “ee mation. sac@ nights! You may well believe * +) weeacomplex one, and very dificult of a ree val adjustment, But there were so many wise heads engaged in behalf of peace on both sides, as the appointed friends of Cutting and Breckenridge, or as volunteers, that ‘coffee and pistols,” or “brandy and ugar and riffes,”” were simply out of the question. But ke aTair was exceedingly diMicult and embarrassing:— Firat. It bad to be determined which of the two men won the insulted party Second. Having determined this point, it was a nice question to select the battle ground. Third. After arranging both the foregoing points, the question was suggested whether it was necessary to fight at all Cutting bad challenged Breckenridge, and the latter had accepted, and had selected, according to the accounts in cireulation, the rifle asthe arbitrator, and the Vir. Binia pide of the river, near the District line, as the place of meeting, when, on Tuesday, Col. Benton addressed Pacific note to the friends of Mr. Cutting, viz: Mr. Mon- roe of New York, and Senator Shields of Hlinois, anda similar note to the ‘rieuds of Mr. Breckenridge, viz: Mr. Hawkens and Mr. Preston, of Kentucky, suggesting that the fight be postponed with tions for peace, after the fashion of the late Of the four powers pon the Eastern question. It is also understood that Mr. Speaker Boyd, Mr. Richardson, Mr. Seuator Slideil, Judge !ouglas, and a host of others, volunteered, and were calledin by the immediate friends of the principals, to aid tm the great work of a pacifi- ontut the chal passe: jut the challenge having 4 between the prinei- ls, and the law of Congress for the District bf Co- jumbla being very severe against duelling, and the constabulary force of the i vive, it became necessary for Messrs. Cut enridge to disperse; and so, for the las t evening, like malefactors with & premivim upon their heads, they have beon dodging in and out of the District very mysteriously, and wholly in- visible in theirmovements, to the naked eye. Mr. Cut ting, day before yesterday, however, and perhaps for each of the three days, might have been seen confiden- tially in Alexandria." Mr. Breckenridge, it is said, was not far off, though it is positively asserted that on ‘Tues- day night le slopt on the opposite side of the District, msburg, in the good old State of Maryland. It on Tuesday evening, while the seconds and proceedings ig were (one in V welve miles apart, and trict of Columbia, “And the broad and bright Potomac Swelling onward to the sea.”” On Wednesday night, we are confidentially informed, at Sbout midnight, the correspondence between the friends Of the tivo belligerents in bebalf of peace, was suspendod, from the unusual circumstance that they had run out of atationory ! From this fact an idea may be gathered of the extent of the correspondence. On Thursday negotia- tions were resumed, however, with renewed vigor ; but the embarrasements in making peace were as great as the Gifficulty of making out a ease for bloodshed, First. It is said that the challenging party demanded that Mr. Breckenridge should not oaly take back the hange of falsehood, butall the offensive remarks against Mr. Cutting in the ‘debate between the parties upon tie animus of the motion to ‘bury the Nebraska bill.” Secondly. Mr. Breckenridge eontended that the only uortal offence, he had perpetrated was the charge of faisehood, and that that being retracted with the direct words of Mr. Cutting which provoked the charge, Mr. ©. ought to be satistied. Finally, however, we understand that by mutual agree- ment betwoen the two sides, the belligerents were placed exactly upon the footing which they occupied before Mr. Cutting’s motion to refer the Febraska bill was made in , tho House. If this was not done, it should have been Gone, as the only rational basis for a perfectly equal and conclusive adjustment. When Mr. Preston announced to the House to-day— with all the gravity of Judge Crawford upon the Gard- mer case, though the purport of his charge was as differ- ent from that of the Mexican claim as night is from day— when Mr. Preston announced to the House to-day that there was a treaty of peace, honorable and satisfactory to all concerned, and the two offending gentlemen asked tho indulgence of the House for their misconduct, and promised to do better he: , there was a respectful Silence; but had it been in order they would have joined ina hoarty laugh. The House was go well pleased that they would, we do suspect, have laughed right heartil had it been in order. Mr. Breckenridge was present, looking calm and amiable; but Mr. Cutting was non eat; Perhaps hs modesty would not allow ‘him to come in ithe affair had been all cooled down in the House. Now, for the three days during which Messrs. Cutting and Bicckenridge were absent from their duties in the House,and about this District upon a conspiracy for a breach of the peace, anda pnipable violation of & law of Congress—for these three days of awful suspense and universal anxiety, they will receive their eight dol- lars per day. Is it not just, therefore, that they should also be allowed the usual eight dollars’ mileage for every twenty miles of travel they performed duriug those three Gays and nights, in dodgiug in and out of this District to arold the officers of the law! We think it ought to be We wnderstand that the correspondence, as usual in Buch cases, will be published. Ridiculous, too, as the affair may appear superficially, there ia much of matter in it, and there was much of moment involved. Let us hope that the effect will be good in Congress and out of resé. Sam Patch says that ‘some things can be Gone as well as others; and we suppose that by this time more than one man in the House and in the Cabinet is of the same opinion. Will the Washington Union now be good enongh to tell ua how it happened that on Mr. Cutting’s motion all the hhards and all the softs, administration men and all, except Mike Walsh, who was’ not for the administration till the Gay before yesteriay—will the Union tell us how it is that they ali voted for Cutting’s motion? Had they all agreed to do it beforehand, or how? NICHOLAS. Wasmixcton, April 1, 1854. ‘Zhe Organs and the Congress Printing—A Test for the House—The Six War Steaniers—The Gadsden Treaty very Sick—Look: out for the Homestead Bill Nex! Week. Both houses are resting aday. Their history of the last week is absorbed in the history of the Cutting and Breckenridge affair, which, stripped of all disguises, is a very remarkable affair indeed—very remarkable, very funny, and exceedingly ridiculous. Next week the two houses will be ready for business With a clean record. The Deficiency bill has passed the Senate, with two millions, more or less, tacked on to its tail, and an amendment concerning the division of the printing of the executive departments between the Union and the Sentinel; and for giving all the Senate print though it may cost twice the setting up of the types of ‘the same document—to the Senate printer, will be very apt toshow the exact swength of the odministration party in the House upon the important question of the Organ. And yet Beverly Tucker will carry his point, even in the Houre The bill passed yesterday for the six steamers, being a House bill, bas yet to be passed by the Senate, and it will probably be done in two minutes on Monday pext. In the construction of these steamers ypon different models the government will be abled to determine what model and style of ship vest for active and efficient service. That the pro- eller is the only really available steamer for war service, i plain enough ; but many improvements upon the best and French models may be made by our ship whether the ships shall be built in the navy ards or at the private shipyards of individual con raciors. We understand that the Secretary of the Navy Bhas already detailed an officer of the service for the pur. Fou of inspecting the war steam propellers of the navies of Fogland and France, and that he is resolved that our Bix frigates shall be superior in speed and warlike capa- eity to any other six war steamers afloat upon the high Beas ‘The Gadsden treaty has been disclosed as the most ir- sgegularly gotten up ireaty in the history of the civilized world—the most thoroughly rotten, stock-jobbing con- ern ever concocted ; and . Gadsden has shown, in ing it, that he is of that class of diplomats who are po ogy Snead by plausible excuses, arguments and ions of designing speculators. in to Bo gion there are not two-thirds of the Senate Sn favor of this treaty, notwithstamding the boasting of 4ts lobby members, and notwithstanding there is a de: Bire on the part of the Sonate to make friends with Santa Anna in time. But the articles in the Union puffing up that terrible waste of the Gadsden country, as if it were another ‘California and a Garden of Eden combined, show the straits o which the administration are driven in their efforts to get twenty millions out of the treasury for that which in ® year or two may be had for nothing, and twice as much ‘ore territory besides. The bare idea, too, of setting up another board for the Prospective plundering of the treasury upon another lot ‘of Gardner claims, is repulsive to many of the honest members of the Senate, so much so as to make the treaty witterly obnoxious on that ground alone. But we begin to @ntertain the idea that this Gadsden treaty will yet be whoked. If its opponents can only hold it back another week or so, they will kill it as dead, if not deader, $ban Cutting killed Nebraska. We expect the opening of the debate in the Senate next @eck upon the Homestead bill, and im view of the holy galliance of the railroad jobbers to up the public do main, be not surprised if, to drive off, the Senate ttler upon the public lamds. ‘when, in order to escape being swindled by bands of ators, the government is reduced to the alternative giving {ts property away to all comers; but to this pass ve we come, and so you may look out for the Home- ptead bill BUCKWHEAT. CORRESPONDENCE OF OTHER PAPERS. (Correspondence of the Philadelphia Ledger.) ‘oe poo raha 30, 1854. ‘The Tariff—The 3 ‘The Committee of Ways and Means are now matoring & . Boreape bid remodplling the tariff of 1940. If such» Jovah was three days and three nights in the *’s belly, and was thon east out uninjured, on dry | originated the measure during | not known that Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, | view to | South, perhaps, more than the Nort! | pencent yeomanry to protect her institutions. iew to deliberate negotia- | | from New Hampshire, two were found in the camp of the Philistines at roll call, when the fray began, and joined Fistrict being’ upon. the | tbeit voices to swell th } Compbell did @ little better; for out of sixteen or ; teen democrats from Pt | from all { | of Maysville, a truc and tirm democrat, refused to touch | | and Jeff. Davis could not preserve the unity of their bill is now considered, it is hardly ible that it can reached this session. No bill wi = from this day | ward is referred to the Committee upon, unless it is taken up by ® two-thirds vote, | and the tariff has hardly such a number of friends in | Honse. What Pennsylvania has to guard against, is rocess of legislation by resolution, which it is The intention of Western and Southern members | operation, to effect the rej of the duty on | “It is now doubtful whether a single land bill will ' Congress this session. The homestead has been savel of how in the Senate after a hard fight; but it ators strength very day, and will cei pasa if the New England enators do not bolt from it . Bae kp aod Senators, contrary ve volunteered to stand by the bill. was for it, we know; forAndrew J nt Governor of Tennessee, the last Congress; but it is and even Vuine, are willing to advocate the measure with a ¢ improvement of these al ve State: rd ime to expectation, big Horney) requires {Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun. Wasuinarox, March 28, 1864. | The Gadeden 4 The list of claims which have been made by American | citizens upon the Mexican government, since the treaty of Guadalupe, has been prepared for the Senate, and, ex. cluding the Garay claim, it amounts fo six millions of dollars. Thus it appears that the sum of five millions is | far within the amount of reclamations. | Of the seventeen Senators supposed to be hostile to the treaty, or doubtful as to their final vote upon it, three or four are going for it, and six have gone away. There will not probublf be more than six or eight votes against the ratification of the treaty, after the adoption of such amendments as may be thought advisable. (Correspondence of the Buffalo Advertiser, }) Wasuisatoy, March 26, 1854. The Nebraska Bilt and the Cabinet—Marcy as a Congres. | sional Runner—The Fisheries. | It was intimated to Mr. Mare; bye) ie months ago, that the President had assumed a certain position on the repudiation of the Missouri compromise, to which it was expected that all the prominent members of the admi- | nistration would conform. The Governor made no other reply than that he should acquiesce. ‘The President then informed each head of a department that he bad under- | taken a very difficult and laborious part, in which he should require the hearty co-operation of all hia friends, hoped they would bring up to his aid all their friends. ‘hin was a little too much for the patience of even Go vernor Marcy, and the old gentleman ia reported to have blunily ‘declared that “he would .bed-a if he would make himself a Congressional runner for any man.” Since Tuesday last he has been running a rig on his colleagues—not sparing even Gen. Pierce. Of the three liego men und true owned by Gen. Pierce e shout of victory that rose from The At- the adverse ranks when the skirmish w torney General has a solitary his cluck—Mr. Banks, of Massachusetts; but even that nileman was not forthco: when ‘the battle was ined; and from all New England but three devoted | dministration. Mr. ‘8 rushed to the rescue of the nsylvania, he brought up Gov. McClelland’s trogpe were As representative of Michigan he Drought up to the scratch only Mr. Clarke, of Detroit; and | ¢ great Northwest no more than eight or ten recruits were found to enlist against the cause of froe- dom in that section which is such a famous example of | itsnoble influence. Nor could Mr. Guthrie, who repre- | sents a Southern interest and sentiment, hold all his men to the test of fidelity to democracy. Mr. R. H. Stanton, | on the treasury side. somewhat bashful Nebraska ‘h so much as his walking stick; and Dobbin | forces so but that one of the most eminent disciples of their school—Millson, of Virginia—t ated and denounced the whole affair, rable charlatanry and humbug. after this paltry dividend on so considerable an inv ment, it is fair to presume that Mr. Marcy will be held | justified by the President and his accomplices in main- taining the position of armed neutrality with which he set ont. The British treaty about the fisheries does not yet ap. pear ino tangible form. The Secretary of State has | been. pressed to hasten matters, by representations from the fishing interest; but the British government and the { provinces hold back, and it begins to be doubtful wheth- | er this year will not pass precisely like its predecessor, without any permanent understanding ae to the relative rights of the parties, but under a mere temporary diplo- matic shift to last through the fishing season. e un- derstanding is, that the British squadron on those coasts shall be under the general direction of Mr. Crampton, who will instruct its commander not to molest Ameriean fishing vessels, There has been a little diplomatic collision, anda curt | correspondence, between Mr. Marcy and the Ministers of England and France, on the meaning and construction of the President's Message relative to the Black Warrior. ‘The ministers interpellated—that is, demanded explana. tions. The Governor answered that the affair concerned | Spain alone, and he could hold no correspondence with ¢ representatives of other powers respecting it. ignantly repudi- | piece of mise- | The Minnesota Territory. OUR SAUK RAPIDS CORRESPONDENCE. Saux Rarimps, Benton Co., Muvwusota, } February 23, 1854. | f | ‘The Winnebago Treaty—Farming—Soil and Productions— | Good Land Easy to Obtain—Cattle and Sheep—Prospects of Minnesota. | The Winnebago treaty, which I reported for your pr- per last August, is not to be ratified. The people who have settled and commenced farming near Crow river, And indeed all the white men from there to and includ ing the town of St. Anthony, so perseveringly and indig nantly protested against it that Governor Gorman has consented to request the department to withhold it from the action of the Senate. It is doubtful, however, that it would have been ratifled if this had not been the ease, for the Governor was instructed by the department not to allow the Winnebagoes to approach within twenty-five miles of the Mississippi; and his giving them permission to occupy the whole region from the head of the Crow riyr to the bank of the Mississippi, and from the mouth of Crow river along said bank to that of Clearwater river, (about thirty milos,) both of which empty into the Mis- | sissippl, was, of iteelf, sufficient to prevent its fulfilment by the department. | The effect of this will be, now that the Indians are all | in their new homes, the roaming about from their old | country to their new, backward and forward continuall, ‘The first move they made was from Rock river, Illin to Wisconsin; then to Turkey river, lowa; then to Long Prairie, in Minnesota, where they occupy land to the ex- | | | tent of 900,000 acres, with a front on the Mississippi of nearly sixty miles. This location was good one for the House in the poliey ef a free farm to | It is « hard | them, the land being principally covered with timber, | with prairie and running streams sufficient to tickle the | fancy of the red man; and they never found any fault with it until they got’ into trouble with the Chippewas, | when all at once they discovered that the country was “not suitable for their wants and wishes.”’ To get farther from the Chippewas was then their uppermost desire, | and necordingly they requested their Great Father at | Washington to take their land and give them iu exchange | for it that around the, head waters of the Crow river, | which from the agency at Long Prairie is abont one hundred miles down the Mi pi, om the west side. ‘They were very much pleased with their bargain, and no sooner was the treaty signed than they began to strike their tents and drift down the great river in their ea- noes. One of the chiefs remarked while the treaty was pen that the Great Pather was very kind to hem, for this was the first time he had ever allowed any of his red children to take a step backward, towards the white seitlements. i Well, as fast as Lot travelled when he left Sodom, the Winnebagocs paddled when they started for Crow river, to get oul of the way of the warlike Chippewas; but now it seems they are doomed to go back to purgatory again. ‘The question is, how can they be put back ¥ They will be obliged to fo there twice a year to draw their annuities, for they will receive no money unless they do; but that they will remain there for an¥ length of time, no one be- Ni The idea with some white folks is, that many of | them will go off in a southerly direction and amalga- | mate with the Sioux on the Missouri, rather than live near the Chippewas, with whom they are swords points, especially when within gunshot: | even thought that to get them back to Long Prairie, the | Great Father will be obliged to turn out his fighting boys | | and dragoon them all the way; but even then it will be | | necessary to watch them to keep them there. They have large and productive farms at Long Prairie, cultivated for them by white men in the employ of the govern ment, and have enough of everything to make them | happy; but they have made the place too hot to hold | them, and as they cannot stay there, of course they won't stay—that’s all. This Minnésota is the most wonderful country you | ever saw, as much as you have travelled. It is ‘the | easiest now country to live in that there is on this side | of ‘Jordan's stormy banks.’’ The facility with which « farm can be opened and successfully cultivated here ex- ceeds tbat of starting and carrying ona three-cent shop in yourcity. A man can take up government land | on the Mississippi, or a little away from it, just as snite him best, (for there is plenty of it,) and, without the (rouble of felling a single tree, can run the sbare of his breaking plow into the prairie, and turn up the black, | rich, sandy loam, on whieh he can raise both spring and winter wheat, from fifteen to forty bushels per acre; corn of different varifties, from the small sweet to the big Aint and Ohio dent; potatoes, the best I have ever seen, three to five hundred bushels per acre; rutabagas, five to Lwelve hundred bushels per acre; barlcy and oate, from thirty to sixty bushels; and, in short, everythi that grows in tho interior of New York State grows in abundance and to perfection. ‘garden sarse’’. ‘peragus, tomatoes, okra or gombo, watermelons, muskmelons, cucumbers, squashes, sweet corn, peas, beans of all kinds, Lima included, peppers, onions, carrots, parsnips, beets, cabbages, all of which J raised myself Inst summer, thrive as well here asenywhere. The ground is rich and quick, and Vegeta- tion is more rapid than in any other diggings I have yet | heard of. There is no need of manure te keep th xp, either in a garden spot or a wheat field, Mr, Russell has | red acres, which he t av successive seasons, and the last crop (1858) was bet- rthan the first or the second. A portion of it was sown with winter wheat last season, and yielded thirty- five bushels to the aere, of as good grain as any man ever raised in the inbabited world or elsewhere. As to toking up land, surveyed or unsurveyed, all th: # pereorf has to do is to build a house of tamarack logs, | or sqare timmber, mark out his land and. goto work. No’ | body will trouble him; but aw contraire, every body will be glad to see bim, and will encourage and help him. He may raise what he pleascs, and make enough on his farm | to pay for it three times over, if it be unsurveyed soil, before he need fork out the first red cent at the land office. For instance, Gen. 8. B. Lowry, who is a man of means, andan amateur farmer, bas taken up two quarter sections | (820 acres) on the west side of the Mississippi, at the | oot of Sauk rapids, of unsurveyed government lands, [a 8 sown in wheat | | degrees 36 minut | is “no physician there, to come, because it has rveved, is not yet subject to aale.~ When it is fairly in ever, he can take his time about going to the office to pay for it; and a8 $400 will foot the bill, at $1 25 have raised cattle enough before that to ising i in in winter is so dry, and the air so still and clear, that cattle prefer being out of doors all the time; then as to hay, the mere cutting of meai ferent there i perha, Some go where they p! their way to the rushes, on whieh the; home fat in the spring. ople here allow their se during winter, wi 'y part of last winter, a cellent condition. The raising of sheep has not been entered into to | anyextent as hgh bere there ever wasa climate in id be raised in abundance and with profit which wool cou! to the grower, that of Minnesota is one. prairies and meadows of which the Territory consists, ‘the rich and luxuriant bottoms on the banks of the ri- they are with food for such — the iane- vers, covered year round, give token that ina few short sota will outstrip Vermontin the production of wool. ‘The fact is, that no country ever presented such facilities for raising sheep, because in all countries where sheep are now reared there is something wanting in point of te, which is not wanting here. Ihave strikes e is irresistible. For the culture of the cereal grains, for the cattle, shoep and swine, and for the products of the dai- ry, the forest, and the loom, Minnesota will one day be ranked as high as any of the States. All that is wanting is population and capital, andas the Territory becomes “known to fame,’? they will flow in; and then look out for the jewel of the Northwest. When she knocks at Uncle Sam's gate for union and communion with the sirtorhood of States, the old man will order that she be let in immediately ; ‘and I'll warrant he will be both glad and proud to have her in his family circle. ‘This letter is getting rather long, and as my candle is growing no longer very fast. I will stop now ; but in my next I will give you a description of the climate of Min- nesota, together with some other facts which must now necessarily “‘lie over.”? ax they say in Congress. |AY HAWK. Saux Ravios, Bextox County, Minnesota, March 2, 1854. Climate of Minnesola—Winter Birds—Absence of Coughs and Colds—No Fresh Water Fevers—A County Without @ Physician—The Fall of Snow—Employment of the Farmers. This place is on the east bank of the Mississippi, and is the county seat of Benton county. Its latitude is 45 longitude 94 degrees 12 minutes. It is not much of a town as yet; but being at the head of steamboat navigation, above the Falls of St. Anthony, and having in its front a magnificent and invaluable location for mills of any and every description, it is fair to presame that it will become a place of some note in a few years. I mention the latitude of the town, because I intend to | speak of the climate, which many people in the States think must be very cold, bezause it is ao Very far north. | Well, it is cold in the winter, and so it is throughout the United States; but such cold weather as we have here is ‘tolerable,’ while in some of the States it is “not to be endured.”” The autumn months are attended with the most delightful weather I ever experienced; and I have trayelled some. September comes in mild and balmy, with delightful southern breezes, making this region « fit one for persons troubled with pulmonary complaints, the atmosphere being dry and | pure, ae moderately warm. tober follows, gradually wi ler, but not as in the States attended by raw Dresses, Tender vegetables during this month are killed with frost; but last October, after the 20th, I made a journey on horse- back of fifty miles north, was gone five days, during which time I rode early in the morning and late in the evening, and did not once find it necessary to put on ny overcoat, but it hung before on the hern of the saddle all the way ‘‘ont and home.” There was not a drop of rain the whole month until the 27th, when we had a glorious shower, attended by as sharp lightning and as loud thunder as you have in New York at any time of the year. It then cleared off cool and pleasant, and we had no more rain until the middle of November, and then but a trifle. The doors and win- dows of dwelling houses are generally open in the da: time in October and for some days in November; and, altogether, the whole of the autumn in this part of Min: nesota is rather pleacanter than the few days of Indian summer that the people enjoy so much in New York and Pennsylvania. November, however, is the commence- ment of the winter season, and then hard frosts and flights of snow occur; ice begins to show itself in the river, and the ground is frozen; but Somieeeting st) ' reather this the absence of high winds makes the day w remarkably pleasant. December is a raw winter month in the eastern and middle States, but here it is not so disagreeable, owing, as before stated, to the dryness and stiilness of the at- mosphere. To be sure the sun rnns low in this latitude, but he looks upon uy with an unelouded eye, and all ani- eo epee rejoices in his beams. Last December we had‘hot sufficient snow to cover the ground until about the 26th of the month, and then not cnough for ing. Out door work of all kinds is carried on during month the same as in October. January is the col month. The sevcrity of the weather then reaches its maximum. Snow fell about the first week in last Jan- uary sufficient for sleighing, and we had none after that for the rest of the month; but the cold was intense, The mercury in the thermometer ‘led several times, and the spirit thermometer at Fort Ripley, fifty miles further north, indicated forty-eight degrees below zero. Now, that was cold weather without a shadow of a | doubt, but no one could believe that it was so cold unless | he locked at the instrument which told the fact. days and nights, however, were only four or fi the'stacks, and teams travelled the road all the time regularly as ever. ‘There is no interruption of out door business by the weather, for there is no rain from the | | middle of November to the end of March, and if a snow | storin occurs it is so mild that nobody minds it. ‘The winter is a good season for farmers for that reason. They reap their grain in August, and do not stack it until their potatoes and other vegetables are taken care of, their winter wheat sown, &c. Then, at their leisure, in October, November, December, January, and even February, they thrash ‘their grain All the thrashing is done out of doors, and by machinery: and if it ix not convenient to cart the grain to the granary every night, it is thrown into a pile, and left day after day, and night after night, until the entire lot is finished, with no other covering onitin the winter months than a coating of straw,'to keep off the snow, if, preadventure, snow should fall, which does not oedhr once in a month. Isaid January was a cold month, and so itis. The frost accumulates on the window glass of dwellings to the thickness of nearly half an inch, in kitchens, or any room in which steam is genorated. * But then to walk out with your overcoat and mit! on, and find the sky per- fectly cloudless, the sun shining with brilliancy, and not a breath of air stirring, you do not think it Very cold, and you imagine you made.a mistake when you looked at the thermometer and found the mereury thirty degrees below zero. It is a beautiful right to see, on a cold morn- ing, the smoke from the chimneys rising perpendicularly upward, spreadin tivul white cloud, swayed neither to oxe side nor the other by any movément of the aimosphere, and you are, | on viewing ‘it, foretbly reminded of the “cloud by day” | apoken of in the Seriptures, which the Children of Isreal followed out of the wilderness, on their way to Chatham street and other like localities. A thaw generally takes place in January; but this year it was postponed on account of the weather. February however, has given us some very mild weather, and for ly half the month it lias been so warm that the ow We received in January bas nearly all disappeared. and the sleighing is broken up. Last night we had a heavy thunder storm; 2 month earlicr than usual. The oldest inhabitant cannot tell whether we will have any more snow this seasou or not; but some of the younger ones think there wiil be a little yet. So little subject to storms is this latitude that winter before last—two years ago—there was no sleighifg at all, and nothing but wheeled vehicles were nse: In fact, there is not « snow to impede traveling any winter. Pembina, which is distont from St. Paul four hundred and fifty miles, by the mail route, over the plains, and which sends a councilman and two representatives to our Terri torial Legislature, is reached at all seasons of the year~ | with ease and safety. Men go and come winter, with trains of dogs to hou! their ty and pro visions, and they camp down wherever night or hunger overtakes them. No one ever freezes, no one is lost in the snow, and no one ever complains of the difficulty of the journey; and yet Pembina is near the 49th parallel of north latiiude. What a commentary on the argument, thatif a northern railroad to the Pacific is established and constructed it will be obstructed by snow! The re: verse is actvally the case, for all the poor emigrants that have perished in the anow on thelr way to California were far south of the Missouri river, and nowhere near even | the parallel of 45. The northern route is best on this ac count, as well a6 on accowmt of there being fewer streams to cross, the greater evenness of the land, and the shorter | 4] and more direct ronte it will follow, But never mini! the railroad—the weather is the subject. It is a singular fact that in this climate the people are not afflicted with conghs and colds, 9s in the States. 1 have been to church in some of the Atlantic cities when | it was almost Impoesible to hear the dominie read the bymn of which the choir was to “sing the four first | dese : | ‘ basement, has its separate inhabitants, and there | | isa “rear” building, also crammed with tenants, on verses,’? on account of the incessant coughing that was kept up by those in the honse and others just entering. Here, however large the audience may Ve, there is no coughing, nor sneezing, nor wheezing: for no one has a | cough, except, perhaps, some person who may have brovglit one with him from other parts. wo or feet from the surface downwar * is no d ague,”’ nor chills and fever, nor any other of the diseases so prevalent in some of the Western State; ‘This county is more than a hundred miles long, and sends @ councilman and » representative to the Legislature; and although it con{ains several ministers of the Gospel, yet there is not a single physician within its borders. “The forests abound in medicinal roots and herbs, but we have no doctor, Verily, there is “balm in Gilead,” but there care of one another, y Notwithstanding the severity of the cold in winter there are birds that keep around all the time. to wit: the prairie hen, the partridge, the blue jay, and several kinds of owls and woodpeckers. The prairie hen ina valuable bird. Its flesh is delicious food, and may. be ob- tained (he whole year round; bat noboty bills them in yw grass of dif- ieties, all very 1 utritious, is the only expense bout it. The hay will cost two dollars per ton, feed, and come Mr. Jeremiah Russell, of this \ce, has a flock of sheep which disappeared in the ear after they were gone awhile he, not knowing where they were, gave them up for lost; ‘but in the spring every one of them returned home in ex- The immense many preas themselves to this effect, and in fact the idea one with a sort of common sense force that of { effect of the heat of out as it rises, into a large and beau- | | trade in one another's very presence! | row of three stor l | B ag » Hi g Es il eifeele t f i i é these, ‘There is a bird, who by his coat, And a the hoarseness of his note, Might be supposed a crow. He is not a crow, however, although he looks exactly alone. there is a great resemblance, for he makes the most rible noise when he says anything. It is the raven. I killed ene the other day which was twenty-five inches in length frees inhouse the 208 of sits and was fat and heavy. You will not be surprised that he stays here poabigpes, when you reflect that the raven is a In March we are often troubled gals winds and the disagreeable 1 i month we have, yet the weat is not colder nor half #0 gusty asin the micdle States. The great difference, in regard to between this and the other months, is caused undoubtedly by the breaking up of winter, which oakes a great com! in the atmosphere all over the Union. During this month, the first to the tenth day, wild fowl of the aquatic begin to make their 1 | appearance in vast flocks, “which no man can number,’” neeking the small lakes around the Mississippi and its sources, where they stay and feed on wild rice until the latter part of | November, when they re- tire to the southward again. The’ ice in the river breaks up and moves along on its way to wards the Gulf of Mexico, which it never reaches; the snow eqns 9 hetwy Be og pd snnounese the approach of 5; the éat put on her green mantle to cover the nakedness caused by the departure of the snow, and in a short time she is enabled to show that she is herself again, like Richard III. raphe pleasant month. Farmers now commence to fenec, plough and harrow, to get their fields ready for seed, In May they plant and sow. The weather during June, July and August, is much the same as in the Empire State, except that here we are exempt from sudden and frequent changes from dry to wet. ‘The roa. son of this is that we have no mountains nor high to attract the clouds, and cause them to scatter moisture nus. We have rains, to be sure, now and then, and once in a while a cracking thunder shower; but what irri- tes the earth is the heavy dew which falls every night, fiterally drenching vegetation, and loading the teens to such an extent that on seeimg the drops fall from them about sunrise, you would think that a heavy shower of rain had just passed over the land. For this reason the soil isnever dried up, and being rich sandy loam, the the sun on vegetation is surprising, so rapidly and beautifully do the plants shoot up an jourish. ‘My communication is rather a long one, but to do the subject justice T could hardly have been more concise. have stated nothing but facts, nor shall I, in whatever I may write concerning this Territory, tell any California stories, but will only ‘‘a round, ‘unvarnished tale de- liver’? of what I know myself, so that no one who may wish to come here and live may be deceived. JAYHAWK. The Five Points—Past and Present. The Five Pointe!—what are they? where are they? what is the life that goes on there? These are ques- tions which have been more and more frequently asked during the last ten years, and even not yet thoroughly answered. Partial accounts of this no- torious locality have appeared from time to time, written for various purposes—some in the interest of particular sects and professed philanthropists— some to eke out the meagre notes of “ distinguished visiters” from Europe—and many others, like ““ Hot Corn,” to. minister to the prurient tastes of the licentious and unprincipled classes of the commu- nity. A general history of the Five Points is still to be written—although, of the different publications te which we have alluded, the recent work, entitled the “Old Brewery,” written by the ladies of the “Five Points Home Mission,” and published by Messrs. Stringer & Townsend, is the best. It con- tains an interesting account of the history and labors of the “mission,” of course free from the indecen- cies and obscenities of ‘‘ Hot Corn.” Let us, then, pay a visit to the Five Points, and describe it as itis. Come with us into Broadway. It is gay and lively enough there. To see the splen- did equipages, the crowds of expensively dressed men and women, the magnificent shops, full of the costliest fabrics, one almost forgets that there are such things in the world as want and misery and wretchedness. But let us step down this steep and gloomy street, lined with ricketty and tumble-down wooden buildings, the sidewalk torn up and broken, slippery with mud and ice, and the gutters heaped up with mountains of unnameable abominations of every kind. The whole neighborhood swarms with squalid and ragged children, who look famished and ferocious, and make us involuntarily pass our hands over our pockets, and button up our coats. But this is nothing—merely the suburbs of the territory | ber, and men worked in the open ait threshing grainat | it Which we are penetrating. Tt will get much worse as we go on. Now we cross the railroad, down by the Egyptian Tombs, where they keep the murderers and vagabonds, thieves and burglars, whom the police now and then pick up, while the great body of them go at large, and scatter them- selves at will about the Points and the neighbor- hood. Now we begin to pass the last barriers of civilization, and at last, entering the invisible por- tal, over which the imagination sees the fatal in- scription, “Lasciate ogni speranza, voi che entrate!” we stand in the centre of the Five Points. At the foot of Anthony street, down which we have come from Broadway, is tle irregularly shaped vacant space, left by the meeting and converging of tive streets—Cross, Anthony, Orange, Little Water and Mulberry, In the centre is a small triangular patch of ground, surrounded now bya white wooden paling, and laid ont in walks, although it has no gate, and there are no means of en- trance. Formerly this piece of ground was un- enclosed, and was used as a sort of outdoors ex- foe for the devilish traffic of abandoned women, whic! locality. Then, too, the whole neighborhood was al- most entirely unilluminated, and into it, at night, thieves, burglars, murderers and every kind of vil- loins instinctively rushed whenever danger threat- ened, concealing themselves in the obscurity from the shar t-eyed policeman, and easily escaping into } the Old. Brewery through “ Murderers’ alley,” or | down some of the cellars and through passages of Cow Bay and the adjacent streets. Now, however, are no longer any terrors in “ Murderers’ alley” er the “ Den of Thieves”—and through those passages so often creaking with the stealthy tread of crime, or recking with the blood of its victims, where nightly resounded the shrieks and yells of drunken notonous noises of the sehoolroom, the songs of the cheerful snd obedient scholars, and the pleasing prattle of unstarved infancy. occupied by Mr. Pease’s “Five Points House of dustry,” which we have already described. With the exception of these improvements, and the introduc- tion of gaslamps, the neighborhood has undergone a grocery and liquor store, while in most of them a room is set apait for dancing. The basements are similarly occupied, and the upper stories of the | houses are cut up into sleeping rooms, and, aes ng the “hed” rooms—several families frequently occupy the same room—and not only carrying on ¢ operations of sleeping, dressing, cooking and eating re, but actually driving their unnameable —, One si entirely occupied by a ent brick tenements, and composed of some the space called the Points, is and bas called “Farlow’s Exchange, and what is better. there is no | i é need of one. In cases of accouchment, the women take | means the only occupation on the Five Points, ‘The | | wives and children of most of our most notorious thieves and robbers live there—cowering and starv- | ing by doy, and trembling and shivering with fear all ni few yeas to virtuc—but it ia also true twenty or twenty-five dwellin; d. Of course, ench floow,as well as the every lot. ‘The manner and material of life, as itis presented in these homes of crime and vagabondage, are too loathsome for description. In Lapa the condi- tion of the streets throughout onr besutiful city, we have had occasion, recently, to exhaust our catalogue of words and epithets descriptive of the filth te } dered hy humanity when crowded thickly into close spaces, and left inregulated and uncleansed by the authoritics, But nothing that we have said would convey any adequate idea of the mere physical facts over which we stumble every step, in’ the Vive » Pie remembered that prostitution is by no ‘it is true that most of these women have ight. rable number of them do manage to remain FRE like one, except as to size; for he is bi ao ‘be the | father of a crease aa the ji wi Paddy killed while rabbit hunt er ete ae length of his ears, the father of all rabbits. He cats . , pork, horse flesh, or any kind of cold‘witles,’and is lar 4 ways after the and it | fish that comes to his net. He differs the hu- man f1 in ‘t they are while he goes it solitary and ‘As to 1 | time, forms so large an item of the business of this , the Old Brewery has changed its character. There | and maddened licentiousnes:, now ave heard the mo- | On the corner opposite ave seven brick ee. ! very little improvement. Almost every building is | ide of | , such as we have | that a 4 ge f f z i : He | and that whole neighborhood, was never at a l | it than darn diminution has taken place | in the amount of theft, rowdyism, drunkenness, but that, on the contrary, the numbers all and classes is con- of the Five Points, in the past, is | no means destitute of interest, and a tal bi seems always to have hung around 1767 the termination of Broadway was street ran along the western pond, where are now the pond ran a creek, where ard street,a wide strip of marshy no viditay the vic: of In 1733—one hund: ago—a law was Fresh Water Pond!” Poor ! Our Common Council have other fish to fry now-a-days. In 1741, New about 12,000 inhabitants, on prostitution; # i street, and Oral margin lg pale whole of the nee in Canal street Broad’ preserve the fuk in dere and pa teen negroes were burnt at | section of Pearl an centre of what is and when through the owned by Thomas Randal and the dirt ‘was carted up into vicniy, No. ¢9—John Boyle, €5—John Pinnie | 63—Hugh Sweeney 61—James bert Barton 59—Rol No. 45, 48, 41—Elizal 30—Katato of F. O'Neil 37, 873¢—Murphy.... 2534 to 38—A. 31-0. ITTLE WATER STREET. 10 lots—Estate of J. Ridgway Total... Here is asum neighborhood, paying, noisome than Fith avenue. of not costing anythin, landlords never have an: the _ finest their incomes. re Jellaby’s Boniol Wall street. turns of the rent. noisiest ii of slaver: The Portsmouth (N. H.) Journal of April 1 the cold of the past winter has been extremel tive to the peach blossoms in that vicinity. ete been 21 days te apatite ‘westward of the Gra vy . agek, ® pilot on miles SE from ith snow ant pd sg ult, from Ship Conqueror (pkt), Bentelle. Lit Fob 3, a IW ao has ‘ae te en ‘ipetlensed ‘Feb 16th, wits Mie ba a ate a P 4 Bark Stor of th rubber, 0, to C W. Godel, Br Sohn mngee to Ladd & Chi . for Now York in 2 daye; brig’ Albatron, ther duriig the passage; lost’ maintepgaliaat agusta, Stone, Savannah, 12 days, with cotton, &e. Snowman, Jacmel, St . to Toni Gerdest een heating SE ani’ distaste Hinteeran, Vook sauall frou ‘been 11 north of teras. ‘Sehr Soha G White, Woodhouse, Baracos, March 22, wits fruit ft Fortune Island, of Hartington io), Sanders, spoke brig cae experion it salle, 0 Jane (of Brocksvill ‘ork, then containing , preceded by a series of fires, mur- les, was brought to light, and thir- e stake, at the inter- d Chatham streets, and twenty- | one were hung (one of them in-chains,) on an island in Fresh ey — the Five Points. ie few miserable anties were, time ut up along the marshy banks of the pond roadway was continued and opene “ Sailors’ Snug Harbor,” a propert; 22, 01 lo ks, it : Savannah, 5 days. Aj M, saw a sloop cal they ‘ave miles S of ‘the saw a schr come hi send her boat to the sleop. Capt F fi p's side, and supposes they Baker, Charlest: Ll, Davis, Wilmis Sehr L P ith, Stu Schr Adeline D, Coffin, - Sehr Roanoke, Dinsmore, Eastport, 10 days. Lost part of deck load, stove bulwarks, éc. Schr Samuel Appleton, Ryder, Boston, $ Steamer Totten, Kell il, the hills were levelle into the pond, until it was filled up, and was gradually built upon and divided lota, as we see it at present. The following list shows the names of the owners in the Five Points and the immediate bly went on in the fog. 7 "BELOW. pStie Indiana, Cota, from New Orleans, with mdse, to W ‘Also, three ships, four barks, and four brigs, unknown. SAILED. Sid at 9 AM, steamship on Liverpool (was incorrectly reported as ald y Wind during the day NW By Sawpr Hoox Pamrine Tezor arn. ‘Bwo ships are in the " brige are ‘off the ‘Thompson's ships, one bar! chor outeide of the Bar.” Ss: Port or Bosron—The follo' table exhibits the ber of arrivals and clearances at March:— 0 mt G2 G0 69.69.99 $0 69 Bo, 99, 3253352223222 3 S8sseseses 8 Pt ptt tg 60, 69,00 05 30.39.60» i iS 3 ee. Std Herald Marine Correspondence. 2, 4 PM—Are steamship Keystene aepee barks Rival PHILADELPHI, St Hardie, 8: .30.60.96080 333383238 oe Ks ae of Richmond, Mito! 3 hi ee; Geo Edward, May, ‘Brows, Wadiectt, Fall River, lac $2328 3888 Sonn Sanu & Many (of Plym for ore, struck ult, on will be a total loss; crew saved. Sour RC Parsons, Smith (of Gloucester), from # fishing cruise, went ai Beach. Steamer John Taylor has gone to her = 52 om or Fe cogs ta 90.90 4 3 th Boston, ‘beth Stevens re on Friday, on Chelsea, riday, om me . Duncomb, Newell, arr Jan Parachute, Boston, arr ‘m Rotoh, Morslander, 25 mos out, Wim Wirt, of N Gazelle, Uphais, Nantucket, merald, of NBea- bbls sp 135 do bik- gress 2d, on freight, and would sail for 8 S88S8s8sss222 A letter from Capt Ke ford, dated Tahiti Jan from ship C 2 peecesns ‘allao Feb 28, A letter from dated Tabiti Jai provious, for a n le of wind. ir fem ue Guam, bad taken 50 bbls sp oi nds. ter from Capt Handy, of bark Belle, of Fairhaven, jorts her rendy for sea: Had not seem & kins, of bark IH Crapo, dated home, 1900 of t] ; lue of property in the Five Points and its inv "y the atrocious cramming and rear-building, an average intcrest, by Way of rents, of not less than twenty per cent; so | ! that you see these old, rat-eaten, rotten, etty, and uninhabitable sheds—th dens—are more palace mansions They have the advantage, for repairs, and the l debts; for the moment a tenant in the Five Points don’t pay his rent, no matter whether from sickness or want of work, out hegoes, neck and heels. Who ever heard of giving & poor devil credit on the Five Points? Some of there landlords live in » part of the premises, kee) f grog-room and dance house below, and thus swe! But the greater portion are owaed ) by respectable and pious citizens, who go to church larly every Sunday, contribute liberally to Mrs. society for christianizing the negroes of la-Gha, and pay their notes punctually in Their pious feet have never, by any chamce, strayed into the neighborhood of their es- tates in Orange or Little Water street, although they comdescend to accept from an agent the monthly re- What a rent-roll ! antry! Possibly some of these very landlords are the their denunciations of’ the monstrosities 'Y; perhaps they are of those who would re- fuse to every slaveholder the rites of communion, and send him to hell without benefit of clergy. be ‘to Ochotale since leaving the ese vile and Taleahuano Feb 1, A letter from Capt Russell, of ship Olympia, reports her at Tabint Jom 13, with 400 bole wh be North another seasou. and 45 do sp oil by the Triton 24, Ma} Setieea? vy 7 BaRracoa—No Am vessel Francisco. Sid ‘an Fri isco. Feb 27, brig Chadsworth, for NYork im 10 mned. ships Anstiss, Hedge, for N a, ‘Highflyer, Wate! Dark Hersilia, Hallet, Boston; Jam 4g, ship Beverly, Chase, NYork- Home Ports. PRU MORR hse March 3i, sehr Ariadne, Harding, N ‘ork. York soon (also re er "EO NYork; 12th, Gazelie, Dollard, Sld_ Dee 81, ze 5 al for one b tam, Ligerpea: packs Auok Bary + Rint, Bin Eaton, Mi Tey) Also eld ships Migs M: MARITIME IN wy All packages and letters intended for the New Youx Heratp should te ALMANAG FOR NEW YORK—THI8 DAY. 6 41 Port of New York, April 2, 1954. ARRIVED. Shig Competitor (olip, or Berton) da Jan 2, ound Sevaboad 3 W spoke sehr Agate, hencefor Port Platte, 10 d Ship Ray ), Corning, Rondon and T so ist aren NE, carried away e ia (oli March 1, with mdse, to J Bi: lon 0 heavy fore; ing. Hinckley: Galveston: J Ford, Gri Mobile Sey hrs Susan, Loring, Baltimo RIVER—Sld March 2, brig Benicia, Jo ¥, iC. NEW. ORLEANS—Arr March Ej de Nicaragu wn. NOrleans; brigs J TELLIGENCE, Movements of Ocean Steamers. Sp hieeny tes or, Foster, Havre, BREESE > S, Z2ELES ESosenao SSSR E > 525. > >>>. h, ~ a >. a 8 pton Roads ship Aloxandes, Bain, from Baltimore crew. se Abril Ty aobra Granite Lodge, Dorr, Cape | ann tur York Reipien ‘Hochastor for do; Hoston, 6 27 | man wate. r Norfo re Kelley, Donnis, from, ‘ YPORT—Arr March Sl, scht Angolis, Reed, VACCA—In port March Howes, Canton, Doo ry Tol ot WY on A “ogy Dodge, Haskett, hFs Minsesota, La Smal y a skip Vicrence, Haws, 1p Roanoke, Skinner, ch, C (ON D—Agr Mareh 80, stonmohi rf "Rio daar