The New York Herald Newspaper, March 13, 1854, Page 4

ee point of marching against NEW YORK HERALD.' JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. | SUTIN x. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND WASEAU ETS. ‘AMUSEMENTS THIS BVENING. ‘BOWERY THEATER, Bowery—Macozrs—Cuanios IT BROADWAY THEATER, Broadway—Hanust—Anro- wv amp Cieoratna. otrevt—Joun Jor ns— Soa ou, atreot—Afvern Sr sates. 7S \ THERA” 5 ay ame Tus QuesTion—Ma. ayy Mas. Peter AMERICAN SEUM—atvernoon, F. — ALaauure ee fectis Suswante BROADWAY mown Lavy ana awe Tramp Anncas. 8 AMERICAN OPEKA HOU! 472 Broad- Matoviss sy Cunierv's Minsrmans iJ és > Sj, ieee BUCKLEY'S OPZSRA HOUSER, 599 Broadway—Buce- aaw’s Erutorzan‘Orena Taourn. 8. NICHOLAS EXHIBITTON ROOM, 495 Brondway— Campane. Mige> a eis in THEIR NEGRO vranrainuante, BANVARD’S GEORAMA, 096 Broadway—Paxonama or wwe Hox Lano. RHENISH GALLERY 668 Brondwey—Day and Night. BIGNOR BLITZ—Baooxey Inerirurs. BRYAN GALLERY OF CHRISTIAN ART—S8 Broad- way. WHOLE WORQLD—S77 and 379 Broadway—A‘ternoen ‘and Evening. as New York, Munday, March 13, 1854. Malis for Europe. ‘THE NEW YORK RERALD—EDITION FOR EUROPE. Ube United Statee mail steamship Nashville, Capt. Berry, will leave this port to-morrow at 12 o’clock for Seutbampton andavre, and the royal mail steamship Andes, Capt. Moodie, will leave Bosten at one o’élock on Wednesday for Eéverpool. ‘She Europeam mails per steamship Nashville will close et s quarter totleven o’clock to-morrow morning, and ‘the mails per steamship Andes at a quarter before three @’elock P.M.” ‘Whe Waexcy ‘Hana, (printed in French and English,) will be published at half-past nine o’clock to-morrow morning. Single copies, in wrappers, sixpence. SBadscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New Yoru Hanarp will be received at the fellowing places tm Burope :— Mavesroo:. . John Hunter, No. 2 Paradise street. Kenpo .... Edwards, Sandford & Co., No. 17 Cornhill. ‘Wm. Thomas & Co., No. 19 Catherine street. Pans.......Livingston, Wells & Co., 8 Place de la Bourse. OUR AGENTS IN PARIS, FRANCE. ‘We wg leave to state to our readers and patrons in Paris, and Europe generally, that Mr. B. H. Revoil, 17 Biwe de: Ia Banque, Paris, ts mo longer connected with the New Yorx Hxnsxy, either as correspondent or agent. Mesars. Livingston & Wells, 8 Place de la Bourse, are ar only agents in Paris, both for advertisements and g@abscriptions. ‘The News. Among the varied and highly interesting intelli- gence from nearly every quarter of the globe with which our columns are overflowing this morning, will be found several letters from Havana, contain- ing full particulars with regard to the unjustifiable seizure of the steamship Black Waftior. When the Philadelphia sailed from that port on the 6th inst. the Spanish authorities were actively engaged in removing the cargo of the B. W.; and so anxious were they to accelerate the work, that they had ob- tained a special dispensation from the Roman Catho- ic Bishop, permitting them to continue their labor onthe Sabbath. As if to add to the outrageous in- sult perpetrated against our flag by the seizure, it was reported that after the cargo had been dis- eharged they intended to offer the empty vessel to her owners. The Havana journals are strictly silent on the subject, and so far as they are concerned the outrage would have never been made public. There seems to be little doubt ja the minds of those best informed that this extraordinary proceeding was in accordance with instructions from the home -government, backed by an open or secret understanding with England and France, who have been for years ence and intercourse with the inhabitants of not only Cuba, but the Mexican, and Central and South American States and neghboring islands. What more strongly tends to confirm this impression is the fact that the government organ at Havana, which is not permitted to publish political matter without first submitting it to the supervision of the authori- ties, has lately advocated the levying heavier duties and port charges on American goods and vessels, and to extend greater advantages to France and England. The letters from our correspondents have arrived ata very opportune moment, and will tend to throw much light on the subject of this fresh act of insulting treachery on the part of Spain, which, we Yearn, is to be the theme of a message from the President and of Congressional discussion to-day or tomorrow. At no time since the outbreak of the Mexican war has the indignation of the American people been more intensely aroused than at the pre- sent moment, and they are anxiously looking to their executive and legislative representatives to promptly face the issue, and adopt such measures as ‘will insure them indemnity for the past and security for the fature. We elsewhere publish some additional intelligence from California relative to the progress of mining operations, the state of society, the movements of the Sonora filibusters, &c. According to the ac- counts from the mines the old diggings have not by ‘ny means been exhausted, and new ones promising a@rich yield were daily being discovered. It is re- ‘ported that among the new discoveries was one of wach exceeding fertility that fifty thousand dollars ‘were refused for the claim. A vein of gold, estimated %o be worth ten thousand dollars, had been found in @ rock weighing about four tons. But thisis merely the bright side of the picture. On the re- verse we find, as usual, accounts of orrible crimes and murders, an unparalleled record of in- sanity, particulars of Indian barbarities and other deplorable events, well calculated to make even the most reckless shudder and prefer remaining at home to venturing in what upon the surface appears gach a God-forsaken region. However, let us no Jndge too harshly. These are the natural draw- backs to anew State, in which a large number o Jaw-breakers from all parts of the world have sought refage. California, at this time, probably possesses ‘as great an amount of talent, energy and enterprise, embracing men of every profession in life in com- Parison with population, as any other State in the Union; they wilh in time root out the renegades, and place themselves on a footing in point of morality with the first in the world. All that they require to _. assist them in this great reform, is female society. The intelligence from the Sandwich Islands is in- teresting but not important. No new develope- ments have béen made concerning the prospective annexation to this country. By the arrival of the bark Aura we have received nearly three weeks later dates from Melbourne, Aus- tralia. From the synopsis of the news published in another page it will be seen that horse-racing was one of the leading topics of discussion in the Legis- lative Council. ‘The latest news respecting the operations of the Sonora filibusters is not of a very flattering charac- ter. At last advices the people of San Diego, who were at first disposed to aid them, were holding in- dignation meetings, and preparing to drive thom from that neighborhood. One of the filibusters,wix hea returned—perhaps one of the party whom Coi Waiker drove from hts camp on a charge of worth Jewsnes:—dec'ared that he considered their objeet t be pillaging and stealidg. Be this as it may, Presi een ( iLia, or at Joact o portion nue, LU WH Uae ved A AGBRIE—Lriirorraw Kivc—Mau- | plotting to destroy our commercial and social influ. had undertaken to guard ‘nd protect. In addition to a variezy of interesting telegraphic information, we have a despatch from Washington stating that the special committee of the Senate on the Pacific railroad project have agreed upon and will probably submit a bill this week. Instead of specifying any particular route, it will, it is under- stood, leave the matter open for competition among bidders, by merely providing that twenty sections of land to the mile shall be given in Territories, and that the company undertaking the construction of the road shall receive about one thousand dollars per | mile, or two millions a year for thirty years, for car- rying the mails from the Mississippi to the Pacific. | Itis also said that various amendments have been (TRE—Breadway—BacnrLon oF | made to the Gadsden treaty, and that a disposition is manifested to ratify it, if it can be so arranged as to | guarantee to us a port on the Gulf of Ca‘iformia. | Politicians will find much to interest them in the | letters elsewhere published with regard to New Hampshire and Massachusetts politics. The elec- tion for Governor and other officers -takes place in the former State to-morrsw, and it is thought will result in the triumph of the administration party, despite the coalition of the whigs and abolitionists | to defeat them. Should this expectation be realized, | it is understood the administration at Washington | will use every exertion to secure the passage of the Nebraska-Kansas bill in the House, otherwise the measure will be dropped. The brig John Boynton, which arrived yesterday from Port au Prince, reports that the fever had en- tirely disappeared when she left on the 1st inst. To-day’s inside pages contain two letters from Washington--one of them giving a graphic history of the Perham lottery’; letters from Paris and Na- ples ; interesting official document relative to the proposed modification of the.tariff, as recommended by Secretary ‘Guthrie ; late intelligence from the Darien surveying parties and the Lake Superior regions ; Commercial, Political and Miscellaneous news ; Advertisements, &c. The Cuban Question. The Cuban question has now reached a crisis where, ‘with proper energy on the part of our government, it may forever be ended. Were it not for the misgivings aroused by the past course of the administration, we could have no doubt that we are now about to witness the birth of a new era in our foreign policy. Igno- rance, im! ecility:and corruption in the Cabinet may possibly postpone the event. The wretched weakness evinced by the President—his incapa- city to grasp broad questions of national policy with anything like force or persistency—the ridiculous nothingness into which all the pom- pous declarations of his inaugural have been resolved—and :the actual recantation of the sentiments embodied in the Koszta letter—afford in truth good ground for apprehension that the opportunity now offered to us will be lost. With any other administration such a prognostic would be absurd. So admirable a combination of events, contrived as it were expressly for our purpose, and humbly soliciting us to terminate once and forever the Cuban difficulty, may never again present itself. The character of the gutrage-on the Black Warrior, as an attack upon us in a quarter which we should guard with the utmost jealousy—our commercial ma- rine—and a wanton violation both of interna- tional law and maritime usage, is an ample present state of our markets, and the high price of all our exports to Cuba, render the iniquitous tariff by which Spain draws a revenue from that island peculiarly oppres- sive-at the present time, and must have fanned the-embers of Creole disaffection into a flame. Spain has sunk to the lowest depths of infamy. Her royal house has fallen to the level of those nameless classes, whom common consent has outlawed throughout the world. Her finances are aslough of despond. Her institutions are crumbling inte ruin. Her people have scarce heart enough to rebel. Her rulers, her army, and her navy, only continue to exist by the courtesy of her sister nations. Nor is the posi- tion of the maritime powers of Europe, her only fillies in the event of a war with us, less favor- able to the accomplishment of a destiny which the wisest among us have pronounced inevi- table. France and England are already plunged into a war. A war which, however success- ful their early campaigns may be, is of a very different character from their squabbles with the Cape colonists, and the Arabs and the Chi- nese, and the Burmese. An additional levy of ten thousand men in England before the first shot has been fired, enables us to estimate the enormous force that will have to be raised when the war reaches its height. Millions upon mil- lions will require to be wrenched from the over- taxed British—additional contributions must be extorted from the poor in France—fresh press gangs must be set on foot—new forced con- scriptions must be decreed—and the young, the strong, the energetic, the life-blood of England and France must be drawn from their veins, before there can be a prospect of attaining the end for which they have drawn the sword. To suppose that with these dread troubles at their own door either will add the fresh embar- rassment of a quarrel with the United States about Cuba, is to reject the teaching of expe- rience and insult common sense. There never was, never perhaps will be, so fair an occasion of settling our outstanding account with Cuba as the present. What measures must we take for that end? Mr. Dean’s proposal to repeal our neutrality laws, so far as they are applicable to Spain, is good and proper. The laws should be repealed; and the nation whose authorities have outraged our rights so often, placed beyond the pale of international good will, The result of Mr. Phillips’ motion for a list of these outrages, will astonish those who have not paid close attention to the affairs of Cuba. For the last four years our whole inter- course with the Island has been little more than a series of insults on the part of its authorities, met by @ course of patient endurance on ours. The captains of the steamers plying to Havana uniformly state that they are subjected to every annoyance that petty spite can devise on the occasion of every visit to that port. Twoyears ago, and even later, our mails were regularly ransacked, and the principle was formally laid down and actually carried out by the Cuban authorities, that no resident of the Island should send news to the United States or receive news from hence, save only that sort of news which the Captain-General was pleased to sanction. All this we have borne, Some time ago, two American vestels, the Susan Loud and the Georgiana, were seized by the Cuban authorities while lying off the Island of Car- man, in Yucatan, on suspicions that they had been concerned in Lopez’s first invasion, and the captains and crew, Americans, were in- humanly treated by the Cubans. On the 16th August, 1851, the United States mail steamer Falcon was fired into by a Spanish war steame: and forced-to bring to: no umends were eve. made. On the 28th April following, thre: rican sailors were taken from the Ameri Ame Viewty Wo Wve suey the Apaches, to chastise oro Cust) them for their outrages agaist the people whom he i pretext for reprisals of marked severity. Tho | . IEEE EE SOI CLES EDITED EDIE SERED ELE: LICE SELLE TELS | T? 2 Poor of New W on the pretence that they had | been engaged in the slave trade, and this while | the Captain-General, his chief officers, and many { of the principal citizens of the island, W° re | openly deriving a revenue from that traffic. | In October of the same year, the Cuban ‘,nthori- ties refused to allow the Crescent City to enter | the port of Havana, because the purser, William | Smith, was suspected “sf having conveyed news | from the island to this country ; and an inter- ruption of our petal and commercial inter- | course took plac g, which inflicted severe injury as well upon th ¢ steamers as upon the mercan- tile community, Some time afterwards (we cannot state the day with precision) several seamen be}pnging to the American bark Jasper were seiz@d on the old plea that they had been concermed in the slave trade—the Captain- General still fattening thereon—and imprisoned like those of the Lucy Watts. The Black Warrior’s naval career had hardly com- menced before she was fired upon by @ Spanish war steamer, and forced to bring to, in order to satisfy the caprice and spite of the Cuban authorities. Now, she has been seized upon so flimsy @ pretence that we | can well imagine the officers of the port laugh- ing in their sleeve at its transparency. Simul- | taneously with this last outrage, two American | barks, the Hamilton and Pacific, and an Ameri- | can brig, the J. S*Gittings, were likewise seized at Havana, and sentenced to pay a fine of a | thousand dollars on a like trumpery pretext. , To all these and other outrages we have sub- mitted with forbearance. No atonement has ever been offered by Spain. They constitute a far weightier gravamen of injury than gave rise to half the wars that have devastated the | world : infinitely weightier than the groundson which Russia resolved to declare war upon Turkey. Further adherence to a policy of for- bearance can only aggravate our positiog : the’ interests of peace itself imperiously demand that we should seize the present opportunity of bringing matters to a head. There can be no question of the propriety of our government issuing letters of marque and reprisal to vessels against Spanish ships and colonies. This course is in accordance with the principles of the law of nations, and has been consecrated by centuries of general practice. In connection with that step, our navy should be placed on an efficient footing, in order to enable us to meet the threats of Great Britain and France with a bold front. Instead of throw- ing away twenty millions to rebuild the totter- ing government of Santa Anna, let us place that sum in the hands of George Law, Vander- bilt and Collins, and direct them to construct at once a dozen first class steamers for our navy. Even at the hazard of a suspension of our com- mercial intercourse with Great Britain and France; this course should be pursued with vigor and energy. It must always be borne in mind that if, under their joint treaty for the management of the affairs of the world, France and England should take such measures as would lead to a suspension” of our commercial inter- couree with them, the calamity would be felt much more acutely by them than by us. A suspension of our supplies of breadstuffs, cot- ton, and tobacco would produce a revolution in England in a very brief period of time; whereas we could find plenty of consumers for our sur- plus, and might actually derive permanent be- nefits from a contingency which obliged us to manufacture our own cotton in the North. We could stand alone, and with our unbounded agricultural, mineral, and other resourcescould still maintain our rank as a first class Power : neither England nor France could do so for a month, This last Cuban insult may be the commence- ment of a new era in our foreign policy. I: age, any American spirit in the administration. Washington, after vacillating and changing sides half a dozen times on the Nebraska bill, at length announces that it has discovered a serious danger standing in the way of its suc- cess, That danger, according to the govern- ment organ, arises from doubts which it enter- tains respecting the sincerity of the New York Heratp. This is certainly an important dis- covery, if true: insincerity in the support given by the New Yorx Henan to the Nebraska bill, would tend more towards its defeat than even treachery on the part of the administration. But the motive assigned by the Washington organ inclines us to question the truth of its discovery. It asserts that the support of the Henratp is insincere because of the hatred enter- tained by the editor for the President and his Cabinet. We have no reason to believe that anything of the kind is the case. We have made some inquiry in the proper quarter, and we learn that the editor of the Heranp considers the President and his Cabinet too mean to hate, too pitiable even to despise. The greatest danger that lies in the path of the Nebraska bill is, as we have always stated, the fear of administration treachery, not any supposed insincerity on the part of the Henan, It is not reasonable to suppose that one who has entertained and expressed uniform and con- sistent opinions on the slavery question for up- wards of thirty years should now change them; whereas it is natural to believe that a man who kas epent a large portion of his life in denouncing slavery as an immoral insti- tution whose growth must be checked, is not sincere when he affects to endorse a measure which may lead to the extension of slavery. We have been true to our principles on slavery from the first: we have opposed, at no «small cost of popularity to ourselves, every anti- slavery movement that has originated in the North during the last thirty years, and intend to die in that belief and that course. Franklin Pierce has been seen on all sides of the ques- fer them—Work In this age of reform and C ristian philan- thropy, and in acity like ours, distinguished for the generosity, the benevolence, and the practical character of fts people, it is, we think, surprising that there 8: ould be so much physical wretchedness and misery existing in our midst. There are thousands in New York who have learned from t e sad experience of poverty what is the smallest amount of wages necessary to keep body and soul together; young aad lars and garrets for a miserable pittance ; men, strong and Lardy men, w: ose lives are coustant struggles to keep themselves and families from starvation; children, who, though young in years, have Leen made prematurely old by hard adversity and want. In every large city itap- pears natural that we should expect to tind the extremes of wealth and poverty, of luxury where ti.ere is room for tens of millions of human free scope for their fullest developement—here, wh.r. the laws are mad: for the great mass, doubtless, to the heartless exactions of employ- ers, to the extortions of speculators, and much of it is the fault of the -ufferers themselve:. Of the three quarters of a million who, accord- ing to the last census, live in New York and its suburbs, betw. en one and two, hundred thousand are of foreign birth. The majority of these arrive w.th no ‘other means of support than those with which nature has furnished them, and meny aftr landing become dependent upon our charitable institutions. They take up their abode among us, crowding into the poorest lo- calitie:, and increasing the sum total of pauper- ism. Some of them are driven by extreme destitution to the commission of crimes and to a course of life from which they would other- wise shrink, for povirty is a bad school for the inculcation of morality—while others, and they are many, battle against adversity with a strength of principle which nothing can shake. Charitable institutions have been established for their reliefy:the Five Points have in a mea- sure been jregained, although it is to be regretted that benevolence there in its extreme zeal for-the spiritual good of the poor, has led to the establishment of rival charities, which in a wrong spirit of emulation occasionally come in dangerous collision with each other. Now, we are not of that class who think that every enterprise of this character is a mere hol- low display of philanthropy, and that those who are engaged init are actuated by selfish and interested motives; we look upon every move- ment of the kind with a favorable eye, glad that some efforts are made, though often in a wrong direction, for the relief of the poor. But while we are willing to accord to all in- stitutions like those on the Fiye Points their due meed of praise, when managed with honesty and with a sincere desire to do good, we believe that a more efficient, a more thorough, a more practical way of benefitting the poorer classes could be de- vised. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are spent in and out of this city yearly for the benefit of the negroes in Borio- boolah-gha; for the dissemination of tracts among some benighted heathen, with an un- Ppronounceable name, at the antipodes; or for the proselytism of poor half-starved emigrants in our midst—hundreds of thousands of dollars are, we say, spent yearly in and out of New York for such purposes, while thousands in our t city are living in extreme poverty. We have must be 60, if there is any gtrength, any cour- | 2° toleration for such telescopic philaathropy, and are as much opposed to it as we are to the insane theories of Fourierites and communists. Stons or TREACHERY TO THE NeBRASKA Bu | Why should we seek for objects of commisse- Ix THE Hovse.—The administration organ at | ration so far from home, while we have them at our very door. Let charity become practical in its operations, for this is a practical and ma- terial age, in which every enterprise is julged only by its results, and by the profit and loss account which it presents. Has it never oc- curred to our philanthropic friends that they would be doing more real good by expending their money in sending the poor out to the country, away from the abodes of misery, of destitution and of crime. There the strong man will find work—healthy and _invi- gorating work—and there he can bring up his family free from the contami- nating influences of city life; there his children may breathe the pure air of heaven, and want will never reach them. There is no lack of. work ; the forests must be cleared away, and millions of acres of land are lying uncultivated for the want of men to till them. We can spare twenty, aye thirty or forty thousand for this great work, and after all be the gainers by it. Let those who have the real interest of the poor working classes at heart establish an association, whose sole object shall be the settlement in the country of all who are willing to accept its as- sistance. Give them an opportunity of making themselves independent, and thus a permanertt benefit will be effected. The temporary relief afforded by many of our charitable institutions, as well as by individual benevolence, very frequently does more injury than good, for it tends to make pauperism a profecsion, and takes away every incentive to manly self-exertion. By procuring employ- ment: for the poor in the country, or by furnishing them there with the, means of becoming independent, a great prac- tical good would be conferred upon those who remain in the city. Work would be better paid than it is at present, and rents, which are exor- bitantly high, would be greatly reduced. There are Lundreds of capitalists who own land in the We t, with whom a society of the kind we have suggested might make terms advantageous to tion, and notoriously on the free soil side. His speeches—which are as direct and pointed as anything uttered by Sumner or Seward during the Nebraska discussion—are in print and have been read everywhere; and the naturalinference from them is that he is not honest in his present coalition with Mr. Douglas. Nothing short of a miracle would persuade the people of the United States that Franklin Pierce supports the Nebraska bill on any higher ground than a cor- rupt desire to head off Douglas in a race for the Presidency. Even now at thé very moment that his organ is talking of the insincerity of the Heranp, he is struggling might and main to prevent the Nebraska bill from being made a test question in New Hampshire, and is clearly endeavoring not to identify himeelf with it there, where it might.injure him; and the meeting which is to te held at the Tabernacle to-morrow evening to protest against the bill, is to be managed and addressed ly the very men to whom Franklin | © wr fs Servlet letter of 1p: aeewe vi Ui) Jel ihe vipa wun UF samabgerity diver ime, 1 both pai It will be urged against this plan that it is not practicable; but if we consider it calmly and dispassionately, we will find that it is absolutely more feasible then many others which are in practical operation at the present day. The Colonization Society has sent thous- ands of the free colored population out of the country since its organization, and has been the means of establishing a republic on the shores of Africa, which may, eventually, lead to the civilization of that continent. Haye we lees sympathy for our own race, or is our phi- lanthropy to be confined exclusively to the Atri- can. ‘here are already, we are aware, two or three societies in this city, which have been es- tablished for the benefit of emigrants; but the field is an extensive one, and there is work enough fora dozen others, Societies of this kind cannot be too numerous while emigration continues to increase as it has done for years past, and eo long as they are ‘not permitted to Lecenie mere intelligence offices they should be KN my wnse mordabe done bimcelf, deeply interedted as he is, should take Philanthropist. delicate women working out their lives in cel- | and privation. in Euro ean countries thismay , be so; Lut here, where ; 0, ulation is not cramped, | beings, wiere the energies of tie people have | | aspiration above their condition, and who, we . an active part; he ought not to rely altogether — upon the aid afforded by such societies, but whenever opportunity offered should leave the city for the country. This is the advice we give to laborers and mechanics; for, although they may not, asa general thing, receive as much wages as they obtain in the city, still, it would be more to their advantage, for there provisions and all the necessaries of life are cheaper. It is next to impossible for a man of family, who is even in receipt of respectable wages here, ever to become independent, while the poor must always remain in their poverty. Can we look at the condition of a large por- tion of the denizens of the east side of the city, of the Sixth ward, and other localities, and the wretched, squalid habita- tions in which they live, and deny that any change would be beneficial to them. We know there are hundreds who, even out of their limited means, contrive to save something towards the purchage of a piece of land, and such people are deserving of encouragement; while there are, it must be acknowledged, others who have not an | i ther live i i t andnot for the ben:fit of a favored few, we | Plleve, would ratherlivein their poverty in the | should not see such an amount of physical | wretchcdness. Much of this is attributable, | city than in comfort and independence elsewhere. For all who are willing to emigrate from our over-crowded city, every facility should be afforded; and any society that may hereafter be organizcd for the purpose should be regarded asa great public benefit, and entitled to the support of the people. It is a reform which would have for its object not only the benefit of he poorer classes who would leave the city, but the good of those who would remain. Let it, therefore, be commenced as soon as possible, | for, if properly carried on, it must be success- | aul, In the meantime, we would advise all who | cannot do‘better in the city, to emigrate to the gountry, where they can live cheaper and be | more independent, and where they will be free, | or at least partially so, from the exactions of speculators and the extortions of landlords. Tue Common CouNnct, aNp THE STREETS. — Now that public opinion has at last stirred our City Fathers into action, and made them feel how shamefully they neglected their duty, a word of advice to them for the future may not be out of place. We see that at their last meeting a resolution passed both Boards of the Common Council, that the Legislature be peti- tioned to authorize an appropriation of $75,000 to the Board of Health, for cleaning the streets. Itis estimated that it will require this large sum to restore our streets to their original pu- rity, and when it is remembered that this extra tax imposed upon the citizens of New York has been caused solely by the neglect of the proper authorities, all the censure they have re- ceived is scarcely what they deserved. In the emergency of the case, and when it was thought that the health of the city might be affected by this three months accumulation of dirt and rub- bieh, it is perhaps preferable that the sum about to be appropriated should be over than under the mark. The appropriationis a matter of paramount necessity, but it is only to give the streets a temporary cleaning, and the public had a right to expect some estimate of what the cost might actually be, before they were taxed in co large a sum. It is perfectly clear that all the money will be spent whether required or not. But might we ask, what has our city Legis- lature done, or what does it intend to do to prevent the recurrence of a similar state of things? © Happily, from the healthiness of the season, their neglect has entailed no serious illness on the city, but the result might and probably would have been different had the weather been hot and sultry. We see that on Friday night, in the Board of Aldermen, Mr. Wakeman offered a resolution to suspend that part of the revised ordinances which prohibits persons removing manure, &c., from the streets, avenues, and public places of New York.. The Board in its wisdom thought proper to lay the resolution upon the table; but we cannot see why a plan which has been found to work well in most of the large European cities, should not at least have been referred to an appropriate committee to ex- amine and report upon. In London and Paris the manure and dirt of the streets is sold ata large profit, while in New York we are taxed every now and then to the tune of $75,000, and pay contractors exorbitant prices to carry them away. Has the plan been proved a failure here that it is thus thrown on one side and deemed unworthy of any consideration? We have every reason to believe that plenty of farmers can be found who would gladly avail themselves of the privilege of removing rubbish from the streets, Contracts might be entered into with parties, stipulating the times when and the circumstances under which the work should be carried on, so as to prevent ob- structions in the thoroughfares of the city. It may be said that, from its peculiar position, the expense of removing mud from the streets is greater in New York than in other cities. This is to a certain extent true. But we ven- ture to say that, whatever the expense might be, it would be money well laid out by the agri- culturist. At all events, our citizens should be secured for the future from being obliged to pay a tax of seventy-five thousand dollars whenever it may please the authorities to neglect their duty. Some practical remedy should be devised, and that at once. We trust that the resolu- tion already referred to, will ere long be taken up again, and its merits discussed in committee before it is laid upon the table. Ovr Crrmen Souprery.—The soldiery of the United States, like the form of government and the peculiar qualities of the people of this coun- try who constitute the republic of the West, is totally different in its organization and charac- teristics from that of European and all other bedies of armed men. Within the last two years State conventions of officers, privates, an@ all others who have been six years in the service of the militia, have been held, for the purpose of placing our citizen soldiery ina position equal to the best drilled body of troops that can be produced by any crowned head in Europe, and the effect has been so striking that before the year 1860 this nation will be able to boast of as fine an army in every particular as any that ever Napoleon Bonaparte or the Archduke Charles was placed at the head of. Our soldiery is not a hired body of blood- thirsty vagatonds, but composed of the Woue, sinew, and talent of the land—the statesman and (he merchant, the artist and the mechanie— who have some other motive in joining the army than mere pay in peace, or rapine in time of wi romular, but poorly | r, Our solliery is n ut (nis i# @ matter jn which the poor man ! paid body of men, asin all other countries o i] . ’ the face of the globe, but a citizen s.lliery, at- tached to each other, and to the institutions of: the country, for which they are ready to shed: their blood ; receiving no equivatent for their services but the thanks of their relatives, their aged parents, and the‘ sisters, yho with smiling. faces on a parade day point out those noble sons: of a great and powerful republic, who are ever- ready and proud to engage in the cause of free- com, “ God and their native land.” ‘These men are useful members of society—of good busi- ness capacities, and “hard handed’? men of a. great and enlightened nation, who are of the station, no matter how lowly it may be, as American citizens and American soldiery... ‘To he evena private in some of what, in vulgar parlance, are called “erack regiments,” is a sta~ tion easier sought for than attained. Forin this: happy land no post in our militia, however humble and onerous, is regarded otherwise than honorable. Hence the great perfection to which. our citizen soldiery have attained within the- last twenty years, rather astonishes Europeans: who visit us, and who before imagined that the | army of the United States was composed almost. entirely of a set of half clad negroes. How many men worth thousands of dollars: | fill the places of corporals, sergeants, and lieu- tenants in our militia regiments, all feeling: proud of their several positions us citizens. Our- | major-generals, brigadier generals, colonels, | and majors are not officers by appointment, but | elected by the votes of the eoldiery; and among | these officers ‘may be recognized the Senator,. the Congressman, the lawyer, and some of the- most eminent writers of the day, whose only | interest is to serve their country by vieing with: each other to see who can render his regiment. or division the most worthy of admiration to the multitudes who witness with delight. | and catisfaction their tactics and evolutions on- | the fields of encampment. European armies are in many cases com-- manded by men of merit, but the officers are for- | the most part made up of dissolute scions of no- | bility, good for nothing but gaming, drinking, | fighting duels and riotous living, and by idle | spendthrifts and pampered minions of an aris- | tocracy whose habits are not in the slightest. degree improved, but,.on the contrary, these: debauchees find wider range and fuller scope for their vices in the colonies of the mother coun- try than at home. On the battle field all their. base and unmanly passions are aroused, and‘ their cruelty to the unfortunate prisoners who may, perchance, be taken on either side is too notorious to need much comment now at our: hands. At all events, the conduct of the: French armies in Algeria, Egypt and Italy ;; that of the English in the East Indies, China, and the United States when “Struggling for liberty ; that of Spain in South America and Mexico, where millions of the aborigines were. slaughtered even in cold blood; that of the Russian soldiery in Poland and Circassia; that. of the Austrian army in poor, down-trodden: Italy, stamp the character of European armies: with disgrace, barbarity and licentiousiress, that. never have been, or we trust can be, attributed: to the American soldiery on any occasion whatever. Insanity iv Cattrornta.—The report of the: Board of Trustees of the Insane Asylum of California, which will be found in another: column, is remarkably interesting, more so. than the generality of such documents. - There- is, perhaps, a greater amount of insanity in that State than in any other in the Union among an equal proportion of the population. This is attributable, to a great extent, to the mental excitement and physical excesses in- cident to the unsettled condition and adven- turous life to which all who emigrate to the land of gold.are subject. We find that of the whole number admitted from May 14, 1852, to December 31, 1853, two hundred and eighty- four were admitted into the asylum at Stock- ton, twenty-seven were caused by disappoint-. ment, nine by loss of property, eight by fear and grief, seven by mental excitement, forty- two by intemperance, and twenty-five by bad health. The mses of the institution during. the year amounted to $84,970 88, and the ba- lance in the hands of the treasurer at the end of: that period was over $400. Marine Affairs. ‘Loss oF Tom Currgrsmr Sax FRANciaco.—We under: stand that this ill-fated vessel had a much more valuable cargo on board than the estimates contained in the Cali- fornia papers. Among other portions of her cargo, some. 2,000 bbls. of flour, which were insured in Wall street at. $12 per bbl. The total loss of vessel and cargo is estimat- ed at something over $200,000. Fist Voraor Dingcr rrom AUSTRALIA To New ORLEANS. — ‘The ship John McKenzie, which arrived here ' is the first vessel that has ever made a direct voyage from Australia to this port. She was ninety-one days accom- lishing it. She is from Melbourne.—New Orleans. March 4. val Int ‘The sloop-of-war St. Mary’ Valparaiso Jan. Fast Day.—In Massachusetts, Aprik tnd therefore : pal and Roman Churches, id mn r Tothe Public. ‘The season of business is now approaching, and adver. tising, in the most widely circulating newspaper, is one: of the prime elements of success. In this view we can freely recommend the New Your Hxnaip as the greatest establishment of the kind on this. continent. Its daily circulation is at this moment the largest in the civilized world, either in Europe or Ameri- ca, being now nearly fifty-five thousand per day, which. is far beyond that of the London Times. tacluding its weekly editions, ite aggregates may be: stated as follows:— per annum. ‘To persons in trade, and to advertisers of all kinds, such a channel of circulation is the ready way to success. ia life. ‘The Hena1y’s prices for advertising, considering: the vast circulation of the journal, are more reasonable, though apparently higher, than the rates exacted from. the public by any other establishment in New York. From the simple statement of these facts the publie can judge for themselves in all advertising matters. Court Calendar—This Day. Sorreme Court—Circuit.—Non. 219, 240, 40, 948, 240,. 261, 152, 263, 264, 256, 257, 260 to Surxeme Court—Syecial term.—Nos. 82, Surgrior Court—(iwo Branches.)--Nos. 01, 92. 877, B78, 688, 34 , ta 5 0,61, 584, 686, 680, 601 ‘ 00, 126 800, 511, 876, 303, 62, da, 967, 878, 879, 895, bats No. 363 Fair medal for daguerreotypes. is one of the jepote in tho world, containi saceas snatramente manufsotured, Verh iae, has the World’s: said. piano ei the? de: great bargaing’” RORACR tee Pianos at te, with or without the wolian, at 0 and at any other house in the city. Per- Ling merchandise of this kind will find this their tine. MORACE WATERS, Broadway. y Anna Simpson,” “Ne'er fear Boys, Cheer’? rreat applaneo hy Woodie Min- ehottt " prondid vig mek eth we ey eet moti