The New York Herald Newspaper, December 31, 1853, Page 2

40 tending reinforcements. The reserve of forty thou- mand men (Odessa and Bessarebis) is moving to the Da- ube. lis place must be supplied from Poland. And another army divisicn of forty thousand fe-also crdered fo march from Poland tu Moldavis. Inclade the Cau- asian army, and Russia's nominal fore, even the ut most she can afford to bring into the campaign, is three bapdred thousand mea. However, to effect even this, Poland, which, to be kept down, has slways required ome hundred thousand mea, thas to be evacuated. And what means have been left the Cear to provide for this exigency? Nothiog but to pead his last resources of power, his owa imperial guards and invalids, to garrison Poland, Prince Paskie ‘wich, however, has thought it his duty, it is said, to re- monstrate agairet thi measure, declaring that with only the guards and the invalids he could not answer for Poland. So it remains to be seen if that measure can be earried into execution. Finally, as you will perceive, this is but a first invest- ‘ment. An army in war has to be constantly supplied ‘with new men © make up the continual icevitable loss. ‘Well, what means have been left the Czar? A new levy only, which again, in its turn is only possible by pressing {nto the ranks boys o! fourtesn who will fall like eaves im the autumn ualer the fatigues of war. And while no army ia the world is exposed to such a Proportion of morality as the Russian, no other is so Prome to desertion. It is known that Russian prisoners ‘whom Omer Pacha desired to exchange, entreated to be either kept prisoners, or enlisted in the Turkish army. The Mahomedan population of the Asiatic provinces of Russia reseive the Turks, of course, with open arms, ‘The same will undoubiedly be the case with the for merly Andepencent Tartars 4nd the Poles huvingalready got Authorisation from the Sultan, to organize a Po'ish legion, det but the Polish banner appear in the field and thoa- Bands of Poles fiom the Russian ranks will be seen going over to the rational colors. Such is the real state of that Russia which the servile Biplomacy of Europe hss deseribed as invincible. However, let us take, for comparison’s sake, the 390,000 Brew va the effective forcs of Russia, (the outside of the fmost favoranie extimate having the shedow of truth,) and compire it with what we know of Turkey, whose Pondition, the very reverse of Rassia, lies open to the World. Whe Turks have in actually employs’, dj ‘on with the brave Circassians, (victorious against Rus- sia for thirty years) which gives an addi- Sh mene PDE OES ‘Tbe Fur pean-Tarkish arm: ire im the field is, in B ssakied " Under Omer Pi wv. 150,000. «* A new levy is going on, not of recruits, but of “Rediffa,”” (drilled soldiers, who bave served five years,) 25,000 men from every military district, consequently, from the six Gistricts.......... pessccccosscMMOn This is carried on with such energy that day by day 2,000 men sre equipped and armed in Cor ntinople alone, besides the other places of cencantration. items give an aggregate of 510,00 men, regulars. But the Turks are s warlike race, which is simply ex- plained by the fact that while in Russia no man who is not a soldier is permitted to have arms, in Tarkey there & not one single man unarmed. Arms are as indispensa. bie to the Turk’s drese as coffee to his dinner. It is not difficult to comprehend, therefore, that the Mnjustifiable aggressions of Russia should have raised the excitement of the Ottoman people to the highest pitch, Bo great, indeed, is the enthusiasm in favor of the war, that thousands ard thousands of volunteers are daily pouring in. Omer Pacha has already 100,000 of these volunteers, irregular cavalry, in his army, besides the 160,000 regulars. And Kurdistan, Arabia, Syria, Tunis, ‘Tripoli, with their thourands of warlike nomads, are al- teady on the move. Advices from Constantinople, from the highest sources, compute the Turkish army in the Geld and tn movement, at haf a million, with an accele fating insrease, which must, by spring, give it an addi tional five hundred thousand, ‘The destruction of Omer Pacha’s transport fleet in the harbor of Sinope, in Turkey Proper, it was believed would @onstitute a case for the active interference of the allied fleets now at Constentincple. But it seems that they con- ned their action to the sending of a few steamers to the Bpot, toreport pon the facts—as if the destruction of a Turkish fleet in their own harbor was not a fact big Gaocugh. ‘The trath is, the English government ia more thoroagh- Jy conservative than ary cther government in Europ? And it will yieli almost every point to patch a peace. Buseia uncerstands this, and caures her diplomatists to be constantly presenting new projects of adjustment, in prder to gain time. The Eoglisn government has besn especially opposed to the Turks employing any of the Gemocratic elements; whilst it is understood that Louis Napeloog has advised the Porte tosend for Kossuth—Eog- land being nervously anxious for the preservation of the Austrian Empire, and Louis Napoleon jast as eager for its Gimmemberment. Finally, the indecision of the Allied Powers has caused the Porte to call the republican exiles of every country to Constantinople. Lord Palmerstom’s sudden resignation has taken moat ‘by surprise. The Times has & laborea article to youve that it was not caused by any disagreement upon the foreign policy of the country. The true cause will mot probably leak out fora few days; but it uw generally pelieved that a reconstruction of the Cabinet will become mecessary. Very respecrfully, wv Pee GED N. SANDERS. NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS. THE NAVAL ENGAGEMENT AT GINOPE—FORTIFICA- TIONS OF THE HARBOR—RELATIVE STRENGTH OF THE FLEETS—POSITION OF THE SHIPS—LOSS OP THE BUSSIANS—GALLANTRY OF OSMAN PASHA— HIS WOUND AND CAPTURB—NO TURKISH VESSELS TAKEN. All the accounts of the massacre—fer it can searcely be called s battle—in the harbor of Sinope, have coms through Rassian sources. We proceed & give con- mected a narrative of the occurrence as the imperfect information yet received will permit. Although called a “Turkish defeat,”? the intelligence before us dessribes the “ defeat” as more glorious to the Tarks than their “ yistory’’ of twenty one ships over fourteen is to the Rassians. The harbor of Sinope is not strongly fortified. For- merly it was the principal naval establishment of Tar- key, but of late the arsenal bas been transferred to Constaniico ple, and a single battery on the little fort of ne Tépé constituted the whole defence of the port. On the 30th ult, the feet of Admiral Nachimoff, that hhad been rent expresrly to look for the Turkish flotills that was conveying reixforcements to tha army on the east ccast of the Black Sea, appeared off the roads of Binope, where the Turkish sbips, under command of Oeman Bey, were st anchor, having been driven to anchorage there s day or two previously be stress of weather. Nacbimofl’s rquacron consisted of twenty-four sail, of which six were line of battle ships. Finding there was wo help but fight or surrender. Osman bravely threw his own and some other of bis ships across the entrance ‘to the harbor, aud attempted to keep the Russians at bay, while transports hastened to land their mon and stores, From the confined position in which his ships were, he labored at great disadvantage. The Turks hhad to sust the fire of over six hundred Russian gan, and could not bring more than two hundred into lay against them. Notwithstanding this fearful odds, ine Turks mace no proposals to surrender, but kept ap their fire until one ater another of their ships sumk or blew up R Astovishing as it may appear, they manage to sink and Durn no fewer than seven of the enemy. To the-inst Osman refused te strike his flag, but continued to blaze vay from bis ebattered ship at the Russian steamers Bhat were towing it towards Nebastop Atlergth he was taken, wounded, on board Nachimoff’s hip, and his frigate sunk so that of all the spoils of the Pdrilliant victory,” the Russians took into Sebsstopol ‘a few wounded men, but nots plank of a Turkish i= ip. = The folowing Dulletin was posted on the Bourse at ‘Odessa on the 5th inst — The Russian fi-et, uniter the command of Adairal —— bas met in the Black Sea @ — ptian fleet, composed of eighteen ships—two ers, ties, earvclaes, Negether Site two veoamers of 500- uorsepower, and two others of 300 horse pewer. Afters ‘the following Tarkish ship: have besa vee No name giv ~ LULU Nearami Efendi, - ° met 421i = im Fesaim =- 2 Fossi Mahmoud. ‘Zor 20 guns each. 2 transports. 1 ditto, Beith transport. rit ‘ ‘The engagement tock pl ce near Sinope. ve thousan: “Barks bi tiny ‘been billed, amd many taken prisoners, Os pmas Leche, who was wounded, has also beea taken pris- aoner Pe reral officers both English end French, wore on board ‘Tobe Turkish fleet. From this bulletin it would appear that only eleven “Tarkish were destroyed, two of them transports wnt def s, instead of the thirteen frigates previously mmoazced; alto that, if there were eight-en Turkial & pt, 8 must have escaped and, further, the “no q@rme given” of the two hea viest ships, of 64 and 60 gans, Boos surpiciously—like as if there had been ne such @Lips. The five thousand Turks reported to be killed “would have been s suflicient armament for the eleven @bips, without the ‘ many” taken “ prisoners; anias tthe Ronsiaae lost coven of their own sbips, including hips of *he line, thetr victory consists in & surplu Feoek sips only, amely, three tranaperte and a twenty 0 st awer. hase they have not to show; nad if # ey bad, they not begia y for the repaira to m @ -# Rosvian Admiral’s ship which had to be buoyed ap ob fore iy Cows Fe roh Sebastopol NEW WAR GONG FOR BRITISH SAILORS. effusion, written by midshipman on The follo poard of one of the ships’ of Admiral Dunies’s squadron, is quite popular througbout the flset, and has found its way into the papers. It shows, at least, what the sailors think of the Sgure they cut. The song Circulated quite freely subroaa — A New Navat Sona, (Altered from Dibcin’s, for the use of the disgusted Eag- lish crews in the Bosphorus.) Come, shut up, my lads! to dishonor we steer, To add some new shame to this infamous year ! ‘And it, dy ill luck, we should meet with a foe, Our atarns we shal! quickly be ordered to show. Useless oak are our sbips | quite a joke are our men! And our rulers are ready, ‘Avide]—(Sbady, boys, shady,) fo funk and to iounder again and again! For » sham we were sent | ahem we shall be ! ) bas been counting ou we. him at home, with his pipe and his pateb, © pitching his ships to Old ‘Twas’nt thus, in old times, when a foe showed his fists, That Britannia sneakec eourtesying out of the lists; For herself, or a friend, didn’t matter a dump, She was ready to fight while she counted s stump ! Uselees oak, ke They’ve hesrd of our Nelsons, and Rodneys, and Blaker, think, too, old ‘Pam’ never shivers or skak: But a different lot are now serving the Queen, And our poor Sawney sdmiral’s old Ab—d—n ; Useless oak are our ships! quite a joke are oar men! And our rulers quite ready, [Asice]—(Shady, boys, shady,) To funk and to foundsr again and again | Two French and two English frigates have gone to Sinopa, nominally with medical assistance for the wounded, THE LATEST BY MAIL. There have been several collisions between Turk'sh and Russian ships in the Black Sea. Three steamers of the Turk ish squadron came in contact with a Ruwian forse in the Black Sea; a severe ment ensued, from which two of the steamers esca} d the third, (an Egyptian,) was blown up by the captain rather than surrender. Towards the end of November s Turkish brig was driven by streas of weather to Serpent’s Island, between the mouth of the Danube and Odessa, whee the main part of the Rassian force happend to be. They fired iato and sank the brig, amd every soul on board perished. The furbish s’eamers that were sent with arms ani smmuniticn for the Caucasus returned safely to Constan- tinople on 29th November, having landed thoir cargo in safety. An engagement took place between the steamers and a Russian frigate and brig;j but the latter withcrew, in a very dismantled state, to the roadstead of Schound. Ths entire Tarkish feet is jer orders to enter the Black Sea. At Cheilikin, a Russian force wa: repuleed with great loss. one steamer was knocked to pieces, a frigate dismasted, and the Russian loss re ported at 1,600. A paval division of ten powerful Turkish steamers, nmn- der command of a Vachs, left the Bosphorus on the after noon of the 2d. THE SITUATION OF SINOPE. IMPORTANCE OF ITS POSSESSION TO THE RUSSIANS. [From the Paris De>ats, Deo. 13.) The town of Sinope (Sinoub of the Turks) is situate in Anatolia, on the southern shore of the Blask Sea, half way between Constanticople and Trebizond, and about one hundred lesgaes from each of these places. It is de pendent on the Grand Pasbalik of Angora, and has» po pulation of from 8,000 to 10,000 inhabitants. Thetowa is Duilt om the isthmus of a peninsula, which rans out into the sea in the form of a promontory. It is the mos; northerly point of this immense ooast. “Tie port extends tothe east of the town, but as it is not eaclosed by ay moles it can only be considered as an open rondstesd. This roadstead is cefended by batteries and by the castle of the town, s large massive construction, raised in the time of the Greek Emperors. To the westward of the peninsula is arother anchorage, called Ak Liman, or the Whites Port. The importancs of Siaope coasists in its raval arsenal and builcing yard, the only one in Tarkey beridés that at Constantinople. Ships of tue line and frigates are built there. The osk cut on the surrounding mountains is very hard, and the vessels built at Sinope are considered the best in the Turkish fleet. The engineers are for the most * forsigners in the service of Turkey, and the work: are Greeks of the country, who are paid from ten to trelvetous # day. The fortifications of the port are incomplete and ip a bad state. In 1808, at the time of the attempt of Admiral Duckworth on Conrtantinop e, then cefended by Gen. Sebastiani, the French Ambassacor, that officer, comprehending the im. portance of Sinope, sent two French officars and two sub- officers of engiceers to improve the fortifications. Their first care was to erect a battery at the point of the pro- montory in such a pocitionas to be able to command both rides of the peninsula an¢ the entrauce o! ihe roadstead. ‘They afterwards traced out several other works of defence, some of which were never executed, and ths others were not kept io repair, any more than the rest of the fortifl cations. Thus the place remained without re-eiviog soy repsirs for forty years, ani thore which have been lately commenced bad not received the necessary develope- ment. The Rustiapgia 1807 made an atteck on Trebiz:nd by ves, but were tpuleed; but, as they had never at: temptec anything egainst Sinope, the Tarks persuaded the mselves that they had nothing to fear, and they have just been roughly punished for their carelessness. [t may be readtly conceived that six ehips of the line, with their heavy broadsides, sudderly appearing in the roadetead, could coon knock to pieces such old and dilapidated ram: parts. It cannot be called a fight, since the Turkish vessels were all a ccrcirg to the di spk by an irresistibly superior fire, to which thi batteries were not ina state to reply for any | time. The cannonsie, we are told, only lasted one hour, snd that space of time was sufficient to destroy thireen vesrels, ten of which were verrels of war, and three trans: ris, If the war is to continue actively next year in Surope and Asia it will besome a matter of great impor- tance for the Turks to rebuild the fortifications of Sinope on the principles of wodern art, and to put that place ia sesuri'y, rot only sgainst a coup-de main, like the prereat, batalso, ing etate to maintai: lar siege. If the Rus- sians were to take {possession of ,#inope, waich they covldreadily do in’ its presert wretebed and unpro- tected condition, they might make {tt s placo impreg- againet the ig and convert i: into s kind iba th pabl of Si inh coast of the Black Ses. Estal af this bind, which wanld in ‘ition seocas teens to lant w cunslteratle body of toogay tis would keep in check all the centre of Asia Minor, a: cut off the communications between Constantinople and Erercum. Toe Turkish army of Armenia would then have not only to oppose the enemy en the side of Georgia, Dat it would have ancther army in ita rear, ad the Otto. man government would be obli,ed to organise « ssoond army in Asis Minor. These considerations cannot escape the notice of the European military officers who give strategic advice to the Ottoman generals. Tha town of Sinope is built with the materials of the old Greek city, a colony of the Milesians. Sinope was the birth place of Diogeres, and the capital of Mithridates. Lusullus took possession cf it in the year 71 before Christ, The houses and the fortifeations present a maluitude of ancient ruins; confusedly’ heaped together, Taere may be there teen Greek and Papblagonian inscriptions, busts, and military statues, ‘Travellurs mention having seen an er tire statue, placed head downwards, in the walls of the castle. All the towns of Asia Minor, formerly so flourish- ing in arts and commerce, present the same spectacls #0 afllicting to the eyes of Europeans, The Turks have vegetated for three centuries on these ruins without de riving a lesson from it. Taey appear at length to be awakened to an idea of civilization, and the shock which benefit them for yy have just received will, pers; rut MILITARY OPERATIONS ON TH@® DANUBB. SUSPENSION OF HOSTILITIES—THE TURKS IN WINTER QUARTERS—THE FORTIFICATIONS AND STRENGTA. Omer Pacha hac taken up his winter quarters Letters of the 6th inst. state that at that date opera tions were entirely suspended; even rkirmishing had ceased, The Turks have fortified Kaletat very strongly and bave five thousand men at Turns. The Moldavian and Wallachian militia has been reorganized, under the commard of the Russian General Sala. Four thousand of the corps, under Gen, Osten Sacken, reached Jassy, on the 8h, and prgceeded routhward by forced marches. Other letters from Bucharest, to 5th inst., confirm tne de facto suspension of hostilities on the banka of the D: ube. Miltary operations are at a atandstill every whe: even at Giurgevo, where the Rus in the construction of 8 fort. Their hospitals fall as ever, Turna Severin is held by 5.000 Tarks. Dothiag of spy importance bas happened at Krajova or Kalefat. OPERATIONS IN ASIA. REPORTED REVERSES OF THE TURK3 IN ASIA—DE- TAILS OF THEIR VIUTORIES AND LOSSBS OF TUE RUSSIANS. Russian agents, or it raay be stockjobbers, have seized the opportunity to follow ap the news of the lov st Si pope by telegraptic despatehes rep defeats sustained by the Turks in Ar . while others have apparently a founda tion im fact. y have ail reached by way of Ove Bucharest and Vienna, little dependeace can be placed upon their statements, Here sre epscimens: Among others that 30,000 Turks, who ba‘ cromed the Arpatehal, bad been ariverback by Price 0. bslian, after a emartengagement. Another, that the Turks bs been defeated at Atakbaw, near Akhaltaie, on the road to Teflic, with the loas of their baggage. And another atated that Gen, Brammer bad deteated the Tarks somewhere — not ststed where—and captured their standards and am munition. Theee rumors anewered their purpose and depressed the funds; but by those who hare closely followed the events of the war, and the relative positions of the two armies, were totally cisbelieved. ‘The war in the Caucasus, with whatever success, cer- ly proceeda with vigor. From the Journai de Om- santinople we learn that Schamyl had attacked the for- tress of Zahkatala, id, after thirty six hours hard The loss on both sides was heery. jetty alo surrendered after some days neige. tobamy! had alro taken Djein and three ethor Kus sian fortresees, And report says that iostesd of Gen. Orlasoff having defeated the Turks, as was telegraphed from Vieons, the Turkish allies had hy bead defeated 18,040 Rassians, commanded by Orlanoff in person. To balance the accounts of Turkish defeats in Asia, that have circulated so freely on the stock exchange. we fiad detailed statements which indicate that the difficulties of Prince Woronzoq, military commander and Governor of the Caucasian provirces, appear to aaultiply in a most extraordinary manner. It was long ® popular belief, ali- mented by the infisted accounte of the Rassian journal ists, that the ordinary army of the Caucasus numbered 160,000 men, besides the detached army presenting an ef- fective force of 80,000. Such, the officially reported strength of these corps; but we have seen, from the first movements of Abdi snd delim Pacha in Georgia and Armenia, that the Russians generally have nowhere been able to dispose of a considerable body of men; and now General Woronzow bimself appears to be shat up in the seatof his government. Letters from Kirzsroum of the 26th Novemper announce the breaking out of an insurrec. tion im the district of Nakchioran. In Rassian Armenia. It in paid that the Governor of Krivan had endeavored to foree several young men, belonging to the most influ ential families in the country, to nerve in hie army. Ho moreover required an extraordinary tribute to be pia ta pri visions for his troops, Thone meanares caused surrection, which, under present cireametances, pat prove ® most important obeck to Russian operetivas te that vicinity, the population consisting, to @ great ex- tevt, of Metso ‘The acec unte from Vienna of the 14th, state that the Rursian General Andronikoff has totally defeated the Turks in » battle at Akha’ on the borders of Turkish Armesia, The Turks left 4, dead eo the field. Akioha, Aghals' he, or Gha'zig, isa Turkey, in ia On the south west gia. It derives its name from the ohief town Akisks, » corru, of Axhisear, or New Castle; bat it is called Taik by the inbabitants. Ta! fertile and populous country, and ite moun‘sines contain the ricbest minerals; bowever, many depopulated villages ww that it was once more flourishing. The abi are characterized by uncommonly fine thick beards, which distinguish them from the new eettiers AM with the latter they practise husbandry, breeding bees, and the culture of the mlkworm ‘The town is open, and withont fortifications, but it has & very strong and lofty castle, which the Russians ea | deavored, about thirty years ago, ia vain to tike, situat ed on the left bank of the river Kur, or Cyrus, which | arises abcat twelve miles to the youth-weet, Its inhabi tants are of various oationr—-Armentans, Turks, Jens, and Christians,—and carry on an active trade with Battoum, » port on the Black Sea, 100 milesdistant, and intermediate places. Beaides mosques it contains two churches for the Christians. asd the Jews hay syna- gogue, Distant 90 miles N,N, W. of Erivan, 1! W. of Teflia, News bad been receive! at St. Petersburg that Prisce Orbelian encountered 30,000 Turk: dt] Arpatebai, near Alexandro) . They were retreating on gag-ment, drove them bi the lith of November. It is also said that, in another direction, General Brummer charged 7(00 Turks with the bayonet, and completely routed them, tabing # cannon, two standards, and s part of the Turkish train and ammunition. SERVIA. When the Russian Consul in Servia reached Semiin, he | cespatched letters to SS in which he de nounced Prince Alexander of Servia as a secret adherent of the Porte, On the 38d ult., the Elders of the various Servian districts met at Kruscheva, and resolved to watch the movements of Prince Alexander. They went the length of discussing the Propriety of Prince Mi- loseh Obrenowitech, who, from his exile at Bucharest, has lately come to the Sesvian frontier. MONTENEGRO. ‘The Trieste Z-i/ung has the following singalar news from Montenegro:—Peter Petrovich, the uncle of the reigning Prince, who, if the la‘e Viadika’s will bad been carri out, would have_been his successor, has fled, with a senator and some other persons, to Cattaro (in Austrie.) It ia said that he was concerned in a coaspiracy sgainst his vephew, and that in consequence his life was in danger. There is, however, some mystery about the whole affair wh ch requires clearing up, but it is eviden; enouga that Prince Daniel has already managed to make meny ene. mies. Ap aide de-camp in the service of the Montenegrin Prince was bere # few days since; but it is not kaowa what comm'esion he bad to exezute. You will hardly have forgotten that the idea of South Slavonic intrigues, of which mention was made ie a letter written about a month since, was ridiculed. In Agram there cer- tain M. Gaj, who was formerly the editor of the Agram Gazette, known to the autaorities here that this pion, who was notoriously an agent of the ex: Hospodar tloech, had powerful proectors in the Crotian capital, and it was therefore resolved that hould not have the benefit of the Austrian habeas corpus act. Accord- ingly, a few days since a police commissary, accompa- nied by two genacarmes in plain clothes, weat to Agram, and ssnt up word to M. Gaj that he was wanted. As soon as he appeared, the commissary produced his warrant, put his prisoner at once into @ carriage which was in waiting, and drove off with him to Visnea, One of the genscarmes then went up stair, seized and carcied off all bis papers, The Vienna Lioyd’s states that at the captare of the fort of Safa, near Sbetkatil, by the Turss, (already reported,) the Rastians lost 400 mim. The rame journal, and with it the O.t Deutshe Post, annousoss that in the renewed at- tack on Shefkatil on the 17th, (also reported lavt Monday in these columus,) the Russians were repulsed with a hesvy logs. The attempt was made to land troops, but the men, in number 1,800, were compelled to return to the ships, leaving 400 killed and wounded, and one gun. Schamy! and Selim Pacha, operating in concert, were gradually approaching each cther, and taking the fortress- es on their linesof march. Prince Woronzoil was sur- rounded at Teflis, atd his retreat was sut off. Ths Lloyd's Geapatches state that the large ard important fortress of Alexandropolia, or Gumri, was beseiged by the Tarks; and the Ost Deutsche Post announces its actual capture. The latter journal adds that Redut-Kaleb, on the Black Sea coast, and Kislar, had been taten by the Turks, A desperate battle was fought by the Russians on the banks of the Terek, to maiptain their communication between Te‘lis and’ the Caspian sea. The Russians lost a considerable number of men in the engagement, which produced no result. All the unsubdued tribes in Circassia anc Georgia have risen in ingurreetion against the Russians. The Turks have gained important advanteges at Tefis, THE ATTITUDE OF PERSIA. THE SHAH DECLARES WAR AGAINST THE TURKS— PROBABLE RESULTS—BNGLISH POLICY IN INDIA. Although no oflicial confirmation of the declaration of var by Persia against Turkey has been received, the in- telligence is copsitered quite probable. Tne English press, although admitting that the cir cumstanse complicates the position of affairs, do not consider it of supreme importance. Pers‘a, they say, al tbougb emall in military strength, bas, it is true, the ad- vantage of a geographical position that couxterbs’ ances the deficiency. By operations within its power it can eitber draw @ Torkish force across the Tigris, or attract ap Afighan j! it is ‘bel eved, could seed from India a force up th Gulf, which, disembarko Barhi¢s, or on the island of Karack, would speed'ly reduce the Sash to subjection. Or the martial tribes of afghanistan, who are ever ready for war, might easily be induced to atact the Persians in the rear. However, it cannot be denie! that the junction of the Russian ard Persian forces may be prodactiv: misch ef to toe Tarkish operations ia Asia, A considerabl> Per sian force is usually stationed in the frontier proviacs of Azerbijan, immediately contiguous to the looslisy -¢ tae present fighting, and mothing can be more probable than that this force will combine with the troops of Prince Woronsew to make @ concerted attack upon Erseroum. The loss sustained by the destrustion of the transports at Sinope would make such an attempt at the prevent moment the more likely to be unfavorable to the Tarks. Consequent on this Ktepon the part of the Shab, the British Minister at the Court of Teheran, (as we learn from Vienna, of date 16th inst.,) has broken off diplomatic re- lations with Versia. (From the London Times, Des. 16] The complexion of Eastern affairs, alresdy too ominous of em>roilment and trouble, appears likely to be still further affected Les the dispositions of a Power hitherto unconcerned in the strife, end whicb, though insignis. cant in its own resources, can operate indirectiy with some effect upon the present relations between Tarkey andher foe. It is said that the Persian government has pronounced in faver of Russia against Porte,and though the report is still without absolute confirmation, there is no- thing in itacharacter ehich should induce usto disbelieve it. For many generatiors that corntry, which was on. so famous for the prowess of its population, and which even in the Isst century carried its arms across the Indus, has been sunk into total helpl«seness and has received from the cajolery or menaces of others all the impulse which its polition evinced. The privilege of influencing the Court of Teberan has been contested successively by the Freneh, the British, and the Russian goveromen's, It now, as is sufficiently obvious, pertains to the latter, and must have been exercised, if the present reports are true, with charecteristic unscrupuleusness, The position of the Pertian territories—oonterminous with the Aristic provinces of Turkey, the Tranacaucasian *provinces of Russia, and the wild regions of Afghanistan —gives its government unusual facilities for effecting Civersions in one or other cf these directions, and if its military etrecgth is small, its advantazes of situation are sufficient to counterbalance the deficiency. By opera- tions easily witbin its power, it can draw a Torkish army ross the Tigris, or attract an Affghan force from bul to Herat. It is in this capacity that its services heve been generally employed. When the invasion of Feypt by the French Directory rendered it de- sirable to provide oc:upation for the Turks on the eastern frontiers of their Asiatic dominions, the good offices of the Persian Court were solicited for this par- pose, but the negotiations of the republican envoys were effectually counteracted by Captain Malcolm, and from tbat time British influence acquired @ pi - nance at Teheran which was meintainsd, though mot without iaterruption, till the year 1828. Before the campaigns of Jena and Fredisnd the Emperor Najoleon berpoke the co-operation of eraia against her Russian neighbor, but the peace of Tileit terteinated these views, and a year or two later a epecies of formal treaty contracted between the British sod Persian govern nents, by whish we be- same bound to the terms of a defrnrive alliance directed against Russia. Tais engagement emdarrasse! us with the obligation of sending assistance to Persis—c mmata- bie, however, for a money paymeot—whenever and as often a8 that Powrr stould be involved is war with any Furopean nation, otherwise than by aggiessions of her own. A case for the application of this contract wan created im 1526 by # renewal of hostilities with Russsia upon the subject of the territorial boundaries which the last war had left imperfestly cetermired On this occasion we iaterfered,{in our cha- acter of protecting allies, and the analogies presented by there transactions to thore now pending are remark- able inthe extreme, When our envoy arrived at the court, or rather the camp of the Shab, his attempts were firet direoted to ascertain which party was really charge- able with the aggression, and next to put a stop, by «ll z available expedients, to so troublesome @ quarrel. The Russian government made pl prenentatio of its own claims, but obstinately eladed all offer of practical adjustment by arbitration or inquiry; and le the British envoy wan negoti sting and persuaiting Persians, against his wishes, but relying on his ai commenced the war. At first they obtained at least as considerable as those of Omer Pachs Danube, an entire Russiaa division being routed, bey conflict with the loss of all its artillery and 1,000 pris 2ners, The fortansof the campaiga h wever, was promptly reversed by the dircomfture of the Persians in every direction, and in the end the Court of Teheran was fain to make peace by @ pecuniary indemnification, aad by 8 ceseicn of territory which carried the Rassian fron- tier to its present line of the Aras. As the Shah was ill provided with meney, or reluctant to part with it, the ritish, or at least the (ndian government, came to his aid, and advanced » sum wh ch was accepted in fall dis- charge of tl fea we had incurred by the treaty of 1809, When, at the time of the Affighan expedition, in formation was bas [ina by Parliament on the somewhat obscure subj-ct of our relations with Persia, the sub stance of there facts was laid before nd the conclusion was oaxy to be deduced. Perrin had fallen entirely ua der Russian contro), and when, therefore, a ersian expe- dition ha¢ advanced inat Herat, it "attributed to Russian influence, and invented, in the eyes of our Indian statesmen, with an importance which It arsuredly never deserved The movement now ascribed to the Court of Teheran in an exact counterpart of its ordinary performances ia the transactions delineated above. 4 5 coessen on the facts are not es satisfactorily ascertainable, we are quite prepared to hear that @ eombioed Russian and to ar againat the antagon'st of Russia, and, though tome more suiciial than sach Persian government, for proved ite deadliest ememy. That variance sbould exist between coum tries Persia and Ta'key ia no more than natural, but, whereas the former has no serious ia- Jury o apprehend from the Porte, the experience of al every year in the present ceutury should have tit to look with terzor on the approaches of the It is literally trae that the years 1800, 1802, 1803, 1805, 1806 ‘4, 1828, 1820, and 1823, exch witnessed some territorial oeesion from the Court of Teheran to the Court of St. Peteraburg; and it is, in fact, fr.m these eotions that The Kussian province of Georgia bas constituted. We cannct, however, attribute any delider ate policy to a govermment at once 40 igvorant and so im po- tent. The mandate has doubtless come down from the North, and, if reports are true, has deen obeyed; proba bly, with an equal absence of jeflectioa or choice. That the addition of the Persian to the Russian armies on the battle fields of Asia may be attended with rerious disad van to the Ottomans cannot be denied, and we shall probably receive iatelligeace of the consequences with- out much loss of time. A considerable Persian force is usually stationed in the frontier province of Azerbijan, immediately contiguous te the scene o/ the present ope rations, and pothing coud be mere probable than thet these troops should combine with those of Prince Woron soff to make @ concerted attack upon Erzeroum, If these considerations, however, should occasion any upessiness, @ material assurance may be derived from the reflection that no power can be more readily brought upd-r Britiph command than Persia. It is ascertained both in 1809 and in 1838 that an expedition to the Persian Gulf would at once enable us to coatrol both the government ani the resources of the country. Oar steamers Bombay could disembark either at Bushire or on the island of Karack, with feline 8 little cost to ourselves, @ {orcs suffigient to bring the Shah to obsdience with very short delay, and to execute, in fact, the same operatio: himself which he is employed to perform on behalf of others. The experiment was actually tried ai the time of the Afighan troubles, and the Persian government was pleased to profess that its expedition against Herat, at the opposite extremity of its dominions, was dis- concerted solely by the presence ofa British divisioa at Karack. As a secondary resource, too, it may be ees that we are now overawing Affghavistan, ani that the martial tribes of this turbulent region, ever reacy enough for war, might be prevailed upon with little difficulty todo for the Persians what the Persians have been induced todo for the Turks. These possible combinations, however, though not witheut interest as tepios of discussion, are far from agreead! the light of political prospecta, and show but too clearly how vast an extent of the glo! jurface may be embraced in these days by the conflagration of an Eurepean war. marc! uy Torkish Nothing, it is Cengpens 5 tem a the YRIA. We learn from Syria that the land is as quiet as can be expected under present circumstances. The European in hatitants have no cause to complainof the treatment they reeeive from the Mahomedan portion of the popula- tion The sentiments of the people are favorable to the Turkish government; and now the Christian populatien, for the most part, sympathise with the Tarks. Most of the Christian districts o! Lebanop have promised to send auxiliary troops to Constantinople; and the question has already Boon directed to the Porte, whether it isinciiaed to accept the offer of the Maronites The Druses, it is said, are only awaiting a steamer fom Constantiaople to carry them to soene of hostilities. Their destination is te be Djeleb-Jakfar, near Frzeroum The cavalry of the Druses, for which 12,000 horses are required, will proceed to the same piace by land. One of the Emirs has received 16,000 piastres for ‘the equipment of the above troops. Several hundred volunteers are also about to le: for Constantinop'e. At the date ef our intelligence they had ined heard of the Turkish successes along the Danube, GREECE. DREAD OF A RUSSIAN INVASION—KING OTHO AND IME GERMAN POWERS—FILIBUSTERO GREEKS AND THEIR TREATMENT. ‘The Vienna correspondent of the London Times, writing upon December 12th, says:—The Ras:ian manifesto of the Ist November has caused a great sensation in Athens, and 60 roused the imagination of the people that they are much inclined to believe that a hundred thousand Russians are already in Adriansple, and that the next,Faster festival will be celebrated in St. Sop! The Greek officer, Taakas, who about two months sin undertook to revolutionize Thessaly with rome fifty fol- lowers, bas been obliged to return te Greece. A corres. nuient of the Augsburg Gazette writes, that 00D as ie crossed the frontier he was seized, and sent under military escort to Athens, where he will be brought be- fore a court martial. The precautionary measures of the Greek government are now «0 severe that private persons experience considerable difficulty in obtaining permission to cross the frontier inte the Turkisa pro- vinces. The Chevalier de Schinas has bitherto officiated as Greek Minister—in family matters—at Munich; but recent events have led the court of Athens to desire to enter into a closer connection with the German Powers than has hitherto been the case, and conseqnently it ia roposed that M. de Schinas shall reside at Vienna, but be aceredited to Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, and the Ger. man Confederation. THE NEGOTIATIONS FOR PEACE. The Paris correspondent of the London Chronwle gives the following account of the project of negotiation con cluded at Vienna, which he sayr, is derived from a trus}- worthy source :— My informant says that the proposition to reetablish pegotiations through the means of a new conference at Vi-nza came criginally from the French Ambassador at Vieuas, who had favorably ap: preciated the disposition a:d conduct of Austria ever tince the commencement of the Eastern crisis, very warm ly supported it. Lord Westmoreland, on his side, strongly recommended it to his government [he cabinets of Paris and London accepted in principle the proposition for the resumption of their labors for the re-establishment of peace, but they laid down asa condition, thet in place af meeting, as they did on the firet occasion, without any settled understandiog, without aay fixed plan, the four Powers should settle toe object of their new meeting, and should the engagements with regard to easn other, that in place of giving simple advice, the conference should came to decisions, end shoald, im cave of meooaity, pre- pare to insure that those decisions should be carried into effect; that in place of presenting non-official noter, (notes’ officieuses,) it should sign ; and, ia fine, that the conference should constitute itself with a com- pletely offcial character, in order to exercise a real inter- vention, supported by the common resolution of the four Powers, to render that intervention efficacious. Austria has not hesitated to declare that it was in this sense that she understood the matter, and Prussia also coincided in opinion with France and England as to the character which ought to be given to the intervention, and as to the results which ought to be obtained from it. testimony of the siacerity and firmness of its policy, the cabinet of Vienna has even spontaneously sent a note to Paris and London, in which it reviews its sentiments and its conduct sinse the arrival of Prince Menschikoff at Constantinople. M. De Buol shows in that document that Austria bas blamed the pretensions set up and the terms of the note demanded Sy ge Ambassador ; that she also regretted and blamed the passage of the Pruth by the Russian army ; that she was entirely for the maintenance of peace, by reducing the demands of Russia to jast mea- sures; and he adds thatif Russia should persist in hor pre- tenrions, incontradistion to European order and to the security of Germany, Austria, after having taken part with France and Edgland in a dip!omatic Tatervention, vould still remain with them in a resistance which would in that case be inevitable. In making known its pretensions, the cabinet of Paris had sent drafts of notes to Vienna, drawn up in accor- dance with the cabinet of London, setting forth the first acts which were to determine (consfater) the attivade and the action of the conference ; it submitted them to aeceptance of Austria, or to the observations cr modifi tions which she might wish to propove to them. Austria found that they were entirely in coaformity with her sentiments and resolutions, and declared, as Prassia did also, that the accepted them purely and simply. The representatives of the four Powers, being provided with full powers, met immediately in conference and at their first meeting they sigaed their protocol No. 1, which establishes — Ist. That the four Powers consider the question of the Fast, ralred between Russia and Turkey, sea Earopean question, in which the Powers which signed the treaty of the 18th of July, 1841. are called upon to interfere in vir- tue of their rights and of their interests, according to whch they have resolved to act. ‘Qdly. at their action should take as its basis the maintenance of the rights of sovreignty of the Sultanand of the integrity of the Ottoman empire. This protocol is in conformity with the project prosent- ed by the cabinets of Paris and London. These cabinets bad elso Gemanded that identical instructions, (des in structions identiques,) shouldbe sent to the four Powers at St Vetersburg and at Constantinople, there instruct it was settled, were to emanate, not trem the conference, but from the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of each government. The drafts drawn up fy Fracce and Englsn¢ were thus approved of at Vienna and B-rlin. In conformity with previous arrangements, each member ¢f the conference had received beforeband from his goveroment the document which was destined for the ambareacors of their respective governments, which they were dires'ed to forward after the examination and the deliberations of the conference The Austrian cabinet cepled Uterally, and without any change, the draft pro pored by the Koglish and French cabinets. M. de Mian. tonflel in the name of the Prussian gevernment, had in treduced, or was to introduce, some slizht changes in the wording, which, only touching the form, were considesed an not altering in any respect the groundwork of the do- cument. In consequence, it was statedin the minutes that the conference had recognized identical instructions on the part of the four Powers, By letiers to the Paria Presse from Constantino) 28, we are informed that the entreaties of Lord Stratford had at length prevailed with the Divan not purely and simply to rejectthe mew plans of conciliation. This de- termination was come to at an extraordtnary meeting of the Grand Council, held on the 27th. Tne Turks were much dissatisfied with THE PAC Anthe absurd and mi PI plomacy keeps all people in ignorsnce of what in go! on, we can only gather from stray sources an outline Sas is contemplated by the joint note mow before the Powern, The Berlin Prussian }, & nemi-official jour- pal, says that the basis of the new project of mediation namely, that which is put forward bed the four Powers —ins the maistenanse of the previously existing treaties between Kusnia and Tarkey. The Vienne protovol pronounces in favor of the integ- rity of the Ottoman empire, but at the same time also favor of the maintenance of the tre: Katoardji and of Adi le. Moraover, the proponals for whieh Tarkey is invited to make be modified by further tions, should they not obtain the assent of Russia The negotiations relative to the treaty of peace will take place directly between the plenipotentis- rien of belligeren: Powers, and the rons oe Koropean Dt hed will be limited to ning down the opponition of Htigious pretensions by its,conciliatory inter- venti “It fs evident,’”’ continues the semi official writer, ‘that im soting thus the four Powers have no intention of meddling in the difference itself, se indeed they have no right todo, Such conduct would be im- roper towards the Tarkish government, engaged in de- nding, by all the means in its power, the righis whieh it deems menaced ;—it would be completely ‘4 towards the Rassian the and tition of whioh an aState, represented by « Lflaguisbed le, Nov. sovereign, ‘tion, form an essential bania of European equilibrium and rosigl and the patriotiom cf # powerfal ne order.” This may bo accepted a6 the Prussian view of the case. THE VERY LATEST. Telegraphic to Liverpool. Panis, Fridey evening, Dec. 15, 1863. It is currently reported that the allied fleets have been ordered into the Black Sea, Panis, Thuraday Evening, Deo. 15. A French cabinet courier leaves Paria to night with dispatches for the Ambassador at Constantinople. He re ceives orders to proceed by the shortest route, to employ the most rapid means of conveyance at the disporal of the traveller, and to rest neither day nor night till he ar- rives at his destination. It is scarcely necessary to say that the despatches he bears must be of the highest im portance, and they are believed to contain instructions for the military ambassador at the Sublime Porte suited to the exigency of the moment, Their purport has not transpired, but it is very naturally surmised that the admirals are enjoised to to carry into execution the orders which they had previously received to protect the Turkish fleets and the Asiatic coast from aggression. Views, Deo, 16, 1853. General Osten-Sacken, with 4,000 infantry, reached Jassy on the 8th'inst. One-half of them proceeded south- ward by forced marches. Lonvon, Saturday morning, Dec, 17, 1853, The Turkish Embassy has received advices of the Sinope engagement. They do not differ much from the published accounts. ‘The Russians lost two of their largest ships. The town was totally destroyed. The opinion;very generally prevails that Lor& Palmerston did retire on account of the Kasten politics. Lord John Russell ie spokes of as his successor. Lord Lanedowne is alse expected to resign. Lord Panmure (Fox Maule) has been sent for by the cabinet. Gtascow, Deo. 17, 1853. ‘The steamer Glasgow, while awaiting orders, came in contact with a sloop of forty-one tons, leaded with pig iron. The sloop sunk, and several of the Glasgow's men were thrown overboard—one of whom was drowned. The steamer will sail to-day or to-morrow. IMPORTANT FROM ENGLAND. Resignation of Lord Palmersten—What is the Cause of the Movement, From the Londoa Times, Deo. 16.) Viscount Palmerston has tendered his resignation of the office of Secretary of State for the Home Department, and has, therefore, ceased within the last forty-eight hours to form a part of her Majesty’s government, t resignation has been accepted by the crown. Upon the receipt 6 a communication from Lord Palmerston, an the publio mind, that surprise will be considerably au, mented when the cause which has induced Lord Pal ston to withdraw from the present administration curately known, That cause, we may confidently sta is unconnected with the foreign policy of the govera- ment; i) bas not aisen out of the difficulties of the Eastern question, nor is it true that differences of opin- ion oathat subject have manifested themselves with such force as to to the retirement of guy member of the administration. The ground on which Lord Palmerston is said to rest his inability to remain in the present cabinet, and to share in the responnibility of the measures of the approaching session, is distincly and exclusively his decided sition to the Reform bill. which has been prepared under the direction of Lord John Russell, ond assenied to by the other members of the government, It has been understood for some weoku lest that the projected measure of Parliamentary reform d beem referred to a committee of five members of the cabinet, of whom Lord Palmerston was one; and as his opposition to schemes of Parliamentary reform was no secret, he was placed on that committee in order that he might have ample opportunities for com- sidering the provisions of the bill and stating objec: tions to them. Lord Palmerston, no doubt, gave to that committee the able and vigorous svsisiance and attea tion which he is accustomed to devote to public affairs, but it seems, from the result, that his objections to the principle of the measure were not tobe diminishe? or overcome. He stated tiem to his colleagues in manly and straighiforward manner, but it appeared that no measure of Parliamentary reform such as would meet the expectations of the country was likely to obtain Lord Palmerston’s support. It may be necessary here to state distinctly, for the in- formation of that class of democratic politicians who have frequently claimed Lord. Pal nerston as the representative of the x own opinions, that his objestion to the measure pow in contempletion is not that the provisions of the bill are too restricted, or the amount of reform insofii cient. On the contrary, Lord Palsmerston, like Mr Carving ard the otber statesmen of the school of Mr, Pitt, to which he belongs by the traditioas of his whcle political life, is not a Parliamentary reformer, and, although he bore a part in Lord Grey’s great reform of 1831, no statesman of the — day has shown Jess diayori ion to alter that settlement of the question, t6 extend tLe franchire, to disfranchize the small bo roughs, or to make those concessions which the liberal party have never ceared todemand It is the more ne cessary to be perfectly explicit on this potat, bec: itis commonly rupposed, both in this coustry and abroad, that the active sympathy professed by Lord Palmerston for extreme liberal opinions in some foreign countriva is combined with an equal for liberal measures at home No greater oes be entertained as to any publi: man, and retirement from effice on the present oc oasion, rajher than accede to Lord John Russeil’s seheme of reform, is a conclusive demonstration on that poiat. We repeat, it is upon this ground, exp:esaly and alo that Lord Palmerston hss retired from the cabinet, an: not upon any question ef foreign policy. We do not af fect to diag the regret with which we have learat his ¢e‘ermination, er to undervalue the loss which the gov- ernment sustains. On the coatrary, although the opinion Lord Palmerston entertains on the questien of Parlia nen tery reform is at variance with cur owa,and with that of a majority of the intelligent classes of Englishmen, we do not hesitate to avow that there never was a time at which her Majesty's Government conld less afford to lose the advantageof his great abilities and experience, nor was there ever atime when it was mere essential to ths interests and dignity of the nation that the ministry should preserve a firm and united attitude. In that gov ernment Lord Palmerston has not only proved himself, as Home Leagan f & most effivient administrator. but he has given ina ral spirit the benefit of his advice and his jndgment in the discussion of all the important qnestions of ner Policy which the last twelve- month has brought under the consideration of the ministers of the crowa. That Lord Palmerston was known to be s party to it was uaquestionably an addi- tional age the country that the policy of the govern. ment Fast was firm and honorable. To impuga and misrepresent that polly the enemies of the govern: ment resorted long ago to the fiction of supposed divisions in the ministry; those dirisions have, unbappily, at length eccurred, but not, as was erroneously represented, on the course to be pursued towards Tarkey and Russia, but on the measure of reform to be applied to the electoral fran chive anc to the close borougus. It would, however, be a great and mischievous error if it were belleved that the voltintary retirement of Lord Palmerston from office on another question would in ai bas Jower the tone or relax the energ’ foreiga fairs of the cabinet to which he has Rif mow belonged. It does, unfortunately, tend to impair the influ whieh this country may exercise in Earope that a ministry is exposed to @ secession of this kind at the very moment When it would be most essential for us to be acting as one man to avert or to prosecute a war; amd such am occar- rence is the more strange when it is attribatable to a cause distinctly foreseen at the formation of the cabinet. But beyond this we are satisfied that the course which tbe government are prepared to adopt in the East will suffer no change or abatement from the withirawal of Lord Palmerston ‘The news of Lord Palmerston’s resignation will be re- ceived with different emotions in many diffs: ters—in some with astonishment, in some wit lity, in some with exultat many more with regret. The meeting of Parliam can alone terminate this riod of excitement and uncertainty, but we have no joubdt thet it will fully confirm the statements we have made. Lord Palmerston will then vindicate his conduxt ard explain his motives; but we can conceive no motive short of the most imperious dictates of conscience and of duty which wuld justify a minister of the crown in re'iring from Ws service steed: Medi alencang to the interests Of the mation and of the world. From the London Globe, (Lord Palmerston’s organ,) December 16.) The resignation of Lord Palmerston, in December, 1863—like his withdrawal in December, 1851—will take tha country—as it bas already the town—by surprise. Not ® word, not # whisper of it was heard, in the afternoon of y y. Nor will the motive publicly assigned for the noble lord’s resignation generally appear less surprisi For some time back indeed, and even before the forma’ of the present Ministry, Lord Palmerston’s mind was con- sidered to have turned itself to the subjrct ef our milita. Ty preparations and attitude, with a sort of exclusive eagerness in some by 2 characteristic of him. Quic- quid vult valde vull, And the noble lord has never made any secret of his distaste for extensive constitutional changes, unless distinetly called for by public opinion, to remedy proved corruptions. His illustration ef ‘‘The Old Od ”? at Tiverton, and his description of the pres- ent age, in Scotiand, as an age of improvement, rather thea fefoem, pointed in the sete directions” Still all this does Lad od farto account for Lord Pal- merston’s abrupt secession from the Ministry. Nobody (except boys and fools) is in love with the word reform for i sownaske, Noboay thinks fairly working institu- tions gcod for nothing but remodeling—as Batier accused the Paritens of thinbing religion good for nothing but “a godly thorough reformation :”— “An if religion were intended For nothing else but to be mended ’’ Nobody contends for # seoond Reform ant, except to amend experienced imperfections in the first. And we must suppore Jord Palmerston to have concurred in the opipion that the time had arrived for introducing such amendments from the fact that he has taken his seat nd kept it, up to the present time, in a Cabinet, whose hitherto conservative chief frankly avowed, on his asces- sion to office, that the ocourrences of the last election had wae him of the urgency of further Parliamentary reform. We cannot solve the riddle by assuming Lord Palmers- ten to have been always at heart an ‘old Sach arsumptions round to us like nonsense. who beigt them treat Canning as having been an old Tory, and Palmerston as having sat at the fost of that Gama- liel. In one of Lord Palmerston’s speeches on the Reform bill, (March 8, 1831,) he replied very suocessfally to the touts from & Tory quarter, on his alleged desertion of Cenming’s principles, and added, “1 feel convinced that 1 be had been here now, his genius would have embraced wit its com’ ayer all the various necessities upon which our own eoncl: have been founded, and that he would, in all probability, have stated to the House, with powers, alas, how from thore of any now vithin these walls! the same opinions which I venture humbly to submit.” There te nothirg indeed, in Lord Palmerston’s speeches of 18312 that would have lod usp tm supporo him leas Likely than other statesmem to learn further lessons from experience; and a passege In one of his speeches of that period, (May 14, 1832,) might have been supposed quite as likely to have been’ used by him at the present as at any former time—eanctioned as it has been, since it was uttered, by the good example having had suah worthy 1mitaters. “The rigathon. gentleman and gal- lant member” (the late Sir George Murray) said Lard Palmerston. ‘bas accused me of bhaviog changed be 4 opinions on severe] great and important questions, feel bat thore changes require on this occasion no de fecce or apolcgy whatever. Indeed, they are now to my- self the eubdjeet of joy and exultation, for I feel that my alteration of opinion has arisen from no other cause than from wy baving grown wiser as 1 grow older.” Lord Palmerston’s, sudden resignation must appear, until explained, still more mysterious {a connection with the present a+pect of foreign than of home affairs. We have no doubt the statement will turn out perfectly ae- curate, that it bas not been cocasioned by the noble lord’s Cesire for e1 etic action exceeding that of his colleagues § We hi for our own part, never beea of the opinion which poor tremblers like Coant Fioquelmoat on the one hand, and sanguine popular psrtisans on the other, have accredited of the acventurous and pugna- cious policy of lord Palmerston. Tne noble lord’s diplomatic despatches and parliamentary speeches, were oftem abundantly provoking to absolutist com- tinental politiciase—he always helped opinion to find the raw on their flanks—and fe was in the abit of telling them leures veri‘es in aw terse and aoe style which they liked no better than the Presbytery Edinburg. Bat we can find nothi Uke reckless end ha rardous action in the external of Lord Palmer- atop, and nothing like uncalculated abruptness or sud- denness in any word or act—not even in much oriti- cised fogesg (eal! coup d etat i boaeae! 18d1. To deeeri! nas having been actus! in roceeding by anti-liberal’ ples is, in our judgment, fo talk ane surdly. The proceeding might weil be questioned; bat the motive was plainly politic and not political. Of Lord Palmeraton’s brief career as Home Secretary, tt is impossible to speak in too high terms of praise, Ae to what may be his future course in Parliament, and im public life, we will not, at present, risk any conjecture. His resignation cannot but be regarded as an ‘ untoward event; but if it has been tendered on purely publie grounds, it will afford us at least the counsels of purely independent statesmanship. Nobody can speak dowa Lord Palmerston but himself; and we trust to his ewm recollections of his own reasons for supporting Lord Grey’s Reform bill, to é him from the mistake of “thinking that public p inion can be made to bend te individual will, or that it is a power which may be safely ‘brown out of account in caleulatiog the workings of that complicated machine, the government of a country.” [From the London Chronicle, Des 16.} Tt wag rumoredfiast night, and, we fear, with too much truth, that Lord Palmerston has taken a atep which will excite the deepest regret on the part both of his col- leagues and of the public. That distinguished statesman has, it in reported, tendered hin resignation of the office which he bas so ably filled since the formation of Lord Aberceen’s admipistration; anc it is stated that the Pre- mier’s present visit to Osborre has reference to the la- mented withdrawal of one ef the it popular members of bis cabinet, Conjecture wil! doubtless be busy in endeavors to ex- plain the retirement of so eminent # man a3 Lord Pal- merston from ® government which he has adorned by his accomplishments, and strengthened by his official know- ledge, judgment and rience. We believe, from the statements which were last night current, that we ma; safely contradict, by anticipation, the surmise which wil probably occur to the minds of all psrsons who are unac- quaizted with the absolute worthlessness of those fictions with which the party opponents of the ministry have long amured themselves and their readers. The noble lord’s resignation, from all that we have been able to ascertain, is in no way connected with any difference of opinion be- tween himself and his colleagues on the Eastera Chaser or, inceed, on any other point of forelga Foliey. Oa subjects affecting the interests ard the honor of thie country abroad, and with one exception oo all matters of domestic policy, his lordship’s views are, we believe, in harmony with those of the gcvernment. The excep: tion to which we allude is the important question of Par- liameatary reform, Lord Palmerston, it in said, objecta to the measure which his colleagaes contemplate submit- ting to Parliament, in the entuing ression, for the amead- ment of our representative system; and his conscientious inability to concur with them on this subject is tne cause— and, so fares it is known, the exclusive cause—of the decision which his lordship has, we fear, definitively adopted. We aeknowledge that this resolation surprises ur, aa the general impression is that the new reform bil will rather fall below than exceed the expectations of the jority of reform: The sincere regret that it is about to lose the official services of ‘a stateaman, will, we¥re convinced, be fully y the government.’ From all that is known, Lord Palmer- ston, from the formation of tue present Ministry,-has unl- formly acted towards his colleagues with that perfect cor- diality which naturally characterizes the intercourse of honorable mep jointly laboring for the public good; and the fiark and hearty sincerity with which, in « porition of great and peculiar difficulty, he hay steadily co-opera- ted with the other members of the cabinst, will greatly add to the sorrow with which they must regard the seve- rance of their official connection. John Mitchel and his Reception in the Uni- ted States. [From the London Times Des. 14 ] “Good John Mitchel,”’ as one of the Preston delegates the other day described bim, is no longer, even as an Irish- man or # convict, unit in the Fritish popnlation. He has transferred bis person, his allegiance, and his polities to the soil of America, and, by preference, to the State of California. He there ¢ecla: that be hed hed ‘enough of tl foe ” that he ‘flung it from him to look solely forward,” that ‘‘he bad becouse an American citizen,” and that ‘: before Heaven he would be a trae and ther- ough American.” These expressions we transcribe from an oration which he delivered st San Francisco on the 25th of October, and which, thanks to steam and enter- rise were brought, in compspy with more impor- nt intelligence, from one extremity of the earth to the other in six weeks’ time, The eit- izens of the goldem land had weloomed the * distinguished Irish refugee” by s compliment: dinner, co which occasion, we are told, he was hon with a seat between Archbishop Allemany and General Lane, anc rapturously applauded as the hero of the even- ing. In a speech of true Irish bom! and more than American prolixity, he responded to acclamations with which he was greeted; but in respect of mets, be +4 1 to have been clean ou'shone by his own ham- ble follower in the person of Mr. P. J. Smythe, who, when hiv health was pro; as ‘the friend who had aided inthe Celiverance of John Mitchel from Australis,’ seatentious- ly replied, Many deplore their visita to Australia; I do not, although I return no richer than I wi I would not exchange the gratitication I experience at the libera- tion of John Mitchel for all the wealth of Bendigo or Mount Alexander, ‘There— (pointing to Mitchel)—there is my nugget |” This seemly and appropriate image so charmed the audience that the whole room reng with the cheering. If we refer more rerious to the blarney of the declama- tion now before us, it is mot for the sake of e: ry character which has been already exposed enon; of oriticleing the taste of our Ameriesn cousins, in enesa- raging these ebullitions of fanatical hate. It is for Ire- Jand that we eer an that country which has escaped the fate to which John Mitchel would have led He and has entered at length upon the condition of e: 08 most opposed to his views. Whatever may be the short- comings of Irishmen, they are not wanting in rative good sense. They must needs resoll-ct what John Mitchel proposed an¢ Themas Meagher designed, and they can see with theirown eyes what prospects are before them now. Nothing, of course, is so hateful and oxaspera 4 toa true Irish ‘patriot’ as the thought that Ireland Likely to be regenerated, not by revolution and raat, not by demsgogues and agitators, but by the plain, vul- gar methods of common sense, intividual diligence,’ self- rel'a) and eed education. The very idea that Trial should have actually reared a Orystal Palace by their own unaided enterprise, exhibited the works of their own indust and spent their summer ia welcom ing ® Queen, icatead of shooting st the Queen’s Lisute- nant, is torture to the heart of a patriotic exile, Let our Irish rea ers peruse and consider the following ob- servations of John Mitchel on this subject :— Too well, said too well and ke: y aay, of Irelai will from my h h ehaing on my limbs gulf deop rave, black as the smoke of Tophet. Ihave hoard the idiotic pretence of loyalty that the Irish wero once more deluded by British falsehood to make before their she-tyrant, fal I have read of their puny and falso mimiory of th: English rd how ireland is abingt 0,000 of her lawless to ook a livelin nd y the pr: ns oi |. Ob! mocke 4 productions of ircland! But the committee have not exhibited, ae I hear, the resl staple and characteristic productions of that country—modol paupers im -qualid rows; ranks of humble tenants at wil ith their sin their hands; pyramids of cjoctmont decrer house gruel, ( 0 3 y dren, halfgnawod by wolfish moth here were ition of Irish industry for » Queen of England to 0) tate—there were the true mirror of the country’s oor Nov, can there be any mistake about thes Do they not unmistatably shows perfect contempt the res! practical well-being of Ireland? Look at the sneer with which the * amelioration’ of Ireland is spoken of, and the taunt implied in the remark that Irisumea are ‘beginning to live better. ” John Mitchel rave and Haat about the Irish famine without saying a ayllable of English relief ; he can draw horrifying pictares of publie starvation without biating a thought of public charity ; and yet in th i @ breath with which these words are uttered he api h his venom against the men and the measures which are brirging plenty im the place of death, self-rexpect in the place of beggary, and true inde- pendence in the place of visionary freedow. What would John Mitchel have done for Ireland? Sup- ing the British government, in misconception or fear, had nuccumbed to his menaces, and he had been allowed full scope for his theorise, what would have been the re- sult? Was he making’ any sensible representation of amy real grievances, or projecting any practl- cal reforms! No such thing. Waoat he seised wen simply the Lag bonny of revelution for revo- lution’s own sake France had been oorvulsed; Europe vibrated with the shock; and John Mitchel thought that Ireland might be made repablican. His propositions oe merely to the overthrow of exinting institations the means of marder and massacre, in that some chimerics] roh+me of government might be eateblished upon the ruins. His only remedy for agrioultaral confusion was ‘tenant right ;” his only promise te « people instinctively loyal was « dethronement of their Queen ; only views of government involved irremediable anarchy, No sober thinting Irishman, om looking back to thore times, can believe that anything short of anerehy could possibly have resulted from Joha Mitchel’s success. And what has followed upon hie fail- ure? The soli of Ireland has passed, without revolution or Fj fom veakss t are =. Sha ee, ard improving proprietors; the popu'ation better educated, better lodged, Petigied oyat the rates are rapidly deoressing; aad all this been he