The New York Herald Newspaper, December 4, 1853, Page 3

AFFAIRS ABROAD. Whe Czar and Dost Mahommed, PROBABLE EFFECTS OF THEIR ALLIANCE. The Bombay correspondent of the London (mes writing October 14, gives some further details of the above ominous alliance. He says: ‘Both by the Bolan and Khyber passes reports have been recei red of the conelusion of an alliance between Dost Ma- tantly i led ‘ our oceny eal is with no other view than that of getting con- yeniently located to seize his kingdom on the first favorable opportunity.’ Since our | visit to his capit we we ‘eaten up’ the Punjaub, avd our frontier, our , and the Dalk of our armies are now only quarter of the distance from Cabul that they were when Lord Broughton first decided on the invasion of Affghan- istan. Under such ci it is but nataral that ap Oriental shovld conclude that the cnly chance which Cabul has of independence is in 2 close alli- ance with Russia. In forming such an alliance Ras- sia way have other immediate objects besides the apneyance it would cause to the government of hb Briti-h India. Some five or six mails ago I forward- ed an extract from the Benares Recorder, in which the editor of that paper stated that he had seen a copy of a letter from a Russian officer on the Cas- , stating that a force was being organized for invasion of Khiva and Bokhara on a grand scale, and re} have been lately reseived from Cabul to the effect that a Russian force had actually ad- vanced into the heart of the Khan of Khiva’s coun- , will be remembered that about two years ago Dest Mahomed invaded and annexed the portion of independent Tartary round Balkh, lying on the other side of the Hindoo Koosh, immediately north of Cabul, and which was tributary to the Khan of Bokbara, and that he has maintained his Soeer, though not without difficulty, ever since. He is therefcre in a position to assist very materially any views which way have on Bokhara. ‘The report that Ruvsian emissaries had mnveere at Kcha., together with the assassination of Colonel Mackeson, and a false alarm of a combined Affghan attack on Peshawur, and the forced march ef additional troops towards that part, had occasioned @ great deal of excitement on the frontier, and not a little Russophobia. It is stated that the presence of the Governor-General Sot eer peers, ie men pon ip Barmah. presence Joe Rassian emissaries in hanistan is nothing new, for it is well known in India that » Rusvian officer of rank was living nized at Cabul throughout our campaign in Affghanistan. No sensible person can consider a Ruseian invasion of British India practicable until eitber Persia or Independent Tartary have become Bossian provinces, and lorg that can take place it ia hoped that the constractien of lines of railway eommunica’ion from all the presidencies to the frontier will enable us to coesteae crater Resources on the assailable points to an extent whic! would crush at once any force that an invader ceald drag, throngh the difficult and rocky deserts of Affgbanistan and the Hindoo Koosh ; but the hostile incursions of the frontier tribes al causes “Us great annoyance, and it is considered. that this an- Royance would assume a much more formidable shape if prompted by Rassian money and directed by Raseian officers. It ts certain that in the event of a war Russia would not neglect so facile a means of annoyance. ‘Yet the result of such interference might be conda- Give to our prestige ; for, if the Affghans could once be persuaded % show in foree en the plains away from their hills, they would receive a lesson that would last them for a dozen years at least. The Arctic Search. SPEECHES OF CAPTAIN INGLEFIELD AND LIBUTENANT CRESSWEL On Nov, 14 the Royal Geographical Society held its first meeting for the session of 1852-54 at the rooms of the Horticultural Society. ‘The anuonneement that Captaia Inglefiel! would upon this oceasion lay bafore the society the rerul's ofthe late Arctic expeditions, includixg the Siscovery of the Nortt west parrage by Captain MoClure, drew trg¢ther an unusually large audience. Sir Roderick J, Murchison presided, in the absence of the Earl of Ellesmere, who was unable to attend. ‘After the usual preliminary business of electing new member', of whom ‘be Chairman raid a larger number ‘were to ba balloted for at that then at any previous meet- ing, Sir Roderick remarked thst it was a pleasing ooinsi- dence that in. having to introduce to them the distin. guished Arctic navigator, Captain IngleGeld, he did ro while occupying a ebair which ha once been the proper of one of the earlie t of the Arctic voyagers—viz , Sir rtin Frobisher, who bad attempted the Alscovary of the Northwest passage in the time of Queen Elizabeth, The hair bad been presented to the society by Mr. C. R. Weld, of Somerset House, a:d bore the name of Sir Mar tan Frobisher, and the date 1580, The President having read the letter of Mr. Weld in precerting the chair, called ‘Cap!. Incrxnexp, R. N , who read the follo Sir—The hun: r your society bas done me ebsence, in awarding the Victoria gold medal for my dis- eoveries in the Polar Seas, has me eager to be the firet medium throngh which that rociety shail receive the intelligence pf the disa very of the Northwest yy the news of which it has been my lot to Dring to England 4m her Ms jeaty’s steam verse] Phoenix. The thoucands that have beeo lavinhed by the British na‘ion, with unsparing hand, for the ist two centuries ard a ha f, to solve this great Beige naes! pennies: were destined to be of little avail) to that immrdiate end, been the addition to our knowledge of people and countries that would ctherwise have remained unknown. The last, and, it is too miuch to bo feared, fatal, eff. rt of this coun try, which hasbeen the subject of general interest, and, I may ray. national aaxi+ty has 4 forth, in behalf of the safety of that expedition,» quac rons ef ships te the res- eve, « me privately employed; and whilst all have proved equally unsuccessful in throwing Jight upon the great sub- ofthe fate cf our missing countrymen, still it has the lot of #00 vessel of the rearching fleet, and one for which considerabl+ anxiety had been felt, to penetrate ‘¢ to @ spot v ithin ove hundred and seven- ty miles ©: inter quarters of the first expedition that spent « long Polar night at Melville Island in 1821. The Favestigator, Capt. M'Clura reached that position in the paper:— faring my of 1860, and, aftr hogefally waiting two years to beste , iz y | te the remainder of that distance, Juakily deposit- ed, by means of a travelling party, ® paper that was found at Wiotor Harbor by Captain Kellet.’s people, last Piet: Serly in the searon a hardy fow wore despatched 'm the Rerolute, with the thermometer at thirty, to give to tho fce-bound mariners hope cf rescue, and you, siz, will easily understand how words must fail to convey one tithe \he sentiments of om beholding a stranger, fellow countryman, »p- Preaching them on the desert waste of ice which sur- | wounded therhip. Captain M:Clure describes it as a mo- | ment to be fe t but once ins man’s life. The sick crawl- | 4 from their hammocks on deck to behold the stranger, | and looks, pot werds, could alone convey their welcome | and transporte of joy at the knowledge that suscor was | ethand. Afew tae Ister, and the crew of the Investi- tor would have been cispersed to seck retreat by the sie 11: er Leopold Harbor. Few would proba- | Diy bave ever reached their destination enerva‘ed and | @waciated as they were. It was soon determined to send @ party of invalids, uoder Lieut. Cresswell, to the Reso- (Ca} tain Kellott.) and that officer lost no time in | ing the lisutenant on to Beeoby Island with the de-patebes of Captain M‘Clure. On my arrival | there 1 appointed bim to the Phenix, and he | hes been the bearer to this country of those despa‘ches, with the journals charts, &., of the eaptsin of the Investigator, Lieutenant Oresaweil and Ldeutevant Wypiatt being the first individaals who have ever pasted round the great continent of Amerisa. The journal of Captain Mo lure, which, aa senior efficar at hy Islsnd, 1 bad the privilege of perusing before it | ‘Was cespetcheato the admiralty, is deeply iateresting, and contains auch full and minute acsounts of their ad- ventures and discoveries, that I feel I have little right te | iaterfore with what bas already appeared ia the public | “prints a description that carries with it truthfulness ‘and grandeur, illustrating as it does, the perils and hard- Ships of this lengthened voyage, cauvet be more entirely appreciated than it is by all those whose experience in the Arctic Seas haa given them the ability to jucge of the hair breedth escapes Captain MoClure and his brave comrades Fave gone t! ror gh. So much has been wri'ten, | and charts in thonsands, ({i}u:tratiug the marvellous yoy" | oe of the [avestigator,) have been so widely circul tit would be presumptions in me todo mor late period then briefly to show upon the large cbart which hangs borore you (and which bss peen so ably prepared | by Mr. Arrow: mith,) the route by which the Northwest Phase meyaet be accomplished, and the track by which ute: ant Cre-swell and Lieatenant Wyciatt completed ‘the short interval be:ween the ‘iscoveries of the veteran Arotic nevigetor. Parry, and tho-e of che gallant M Leuterent Creesceil bas, with auen icoonvenieaco to himself. crise to London for the purpose of attending | here thie evenirg, and | the; efore fel sure that you wil ‘hold m+ excuredin passing over the details of Captain Me: Jure’s vey: go, which wil be 69 mueh more ably and | SHieotively detailed by on» of that gallant band who | share in the dangers ani waa witness to all the perils | that anailed them. Withont, therefore, eacroaching on | the ir terest of the communication which you will receive from thatcflicer, I will only rewind you that on the 6th of August. 1860, the Investigator was seen entering the ice ott Point Barrow, witu studding-eails rot, standing to the N.E., and until the return of the Paanix nothiag had been beard of her from that date. Point Barrow was rounded with much difficulty, and at the River Colville, 4p 160 degrees west lon itude, the Investigator was de | tained by the ice some days A succession of strong easterly *inds and fogs obliged them then to beat to wind- ward. This, hovever, eventually proved an advantage, | 94 the shallow water on ihe American coast, and the broken ice off the pack edge, gave them warning of the | dangera they were x proach: ing, whilst they bad time to lated, this though large has doubt'ess | felt by the worn out ew | | of this than that mentioned ia the to the southward, were finally frozen up in lat. Eran lon. 117 80 west. Is the spring travelling ties were sent out; but they discovered no tra.ea of he missing ex] though much new land traverved, and previously unknown coasts explored. the 14th ef July, 1851, the ice broke np. ani when the ship gctolear an exceavor was made to push opie to the nortc- westward. as the travelling parties had discovered that in this direetion a northwest peamge could be effected when the ioe permitted. They could, howerer, ouly suc- ceed in reaching ® position 35 m les further to the north- ward than had attained on the preceding y now sm impenetrable pack defying th-ir further p ; an attempt was made, by rounding the island to the southward, to pass up the western side, and thus reach Melville Strait by the shores of Bank’s Land. A latitude of 74.6 and long. 117.12 was the farthest polut they could reach ere the chilling freats of another winter set’ in, and agein froze them up on the 4th September, 1861, in a smell bight on the northern part of Bank’s Land, aud which was named the Harbor of Mercy, barely 70 miles distant from Melville Island, and little over 160 from the winter quarters of Captain Kellett lait year, As they bad experienced on the other side, so they fouad this also hampered with heavy ice, which totally prevented their gaining the shores of «elville Island in the vessel, and im Mercy Bay they were destined to remain. until dis covered by Lieutenant Pim, of the Resolute. This officer (whose name will be familiar to this society as one who planned tie Siberian overland expedition) reached the In vestigator on the 11th of April last, apdon the 15th Lieut. Crem well was despatched with tenant Wyniatt and & party of invalids to the winter quarters of the Resolute. From thence the officers were despatched by Captain Kel- lett to Beechey Island, where they joined my ship, and thus completed the circuit of the great continent of Ame- rica. It was fortunate that abundance of game was to be found on the coasts near which the Invostixator win- tered, otherwise the three years’ provisions with which the vessel was stored would have proved inadequate to support thems; neve: sea. energy and strength for the chase was requisite: and when discovered by Captain Kel- lett’s party, the to! ind enterpri:ing hunter, who the fi st year would go to seek for game, trusting to his sue- cess to allay the cravings of hunger, was then found apiritless and unequal to the labor, which had been hia former sport. Thus it was that Captain McClure resolved to abandon bis+hipin the summer of 1853, and which project was to have been partly carried out on the 15th of April, a few days later than the opportune arrival of was On the officer from Captain Keliett’s vessel. Whether it will be now decided to forsake the ship, it aes said, is left in the hands of the crew to decide, as tain Kellett, very wisely. (notwithstanding Captain MoUiure’s desire to get the ship through) had ordered that unless twenty volunteers could be fcund amorgst the crew to remain by the versel, she was to be immediately deserted, and the people were to join his pennant. Thus, sir, has bean folved the problem of centuries; » north west, passage to Cathia has been discovered, but alas, to little avail, as that way has been found so blocked with ioe, fo beret with dangers, aed through such inclement re- 0 gions, as to leavo no doubt aa to its perfect inutility for the pur navigation. I will not encroach on the matter Lieut. Cresswell may have to lay before you, but now briefly state, in connection with the subject for this evening’s consideration. what have been the discovaries mace by Captain Sir Edward Bolcher’s expeditimn. Last year I informed your society, from this place, of the pro- ers of that squadron up to the time of their entering WFelliogton Chanvel. I have now an opportunity of aa- quaintivg you with the search made by the Assistance and Pioneer in that direction; and the result of their ex- lorirg parties, With considerable difficulty Sic Edward Icher reached a spot in lat. 76 62 and lon. 97W., which hecalled Northumberland Sound, and here he passed the winter of 62-3. explorieg the adjacent coasts and talands to the northward and esstward, determining the coati uation of a coast line, trending ‘towards Jones’ Sound. About thirty miles to the nor hward of his winter quar ters he discovered land, which was named North Corn- well, and further still to the northwards group of Islands, named by bim the Victoria Islands, Wita refer ence to the search for the: missing expedition, nothing has been discovered to throw any light upon thelr track nothing that could be at all eaid to convey the slightest hope of leading to their discovery; it we except some Fequimaux huts found en a point to the northward of Northumberland Sound, and which Sir Edward Belcher speaks of an bearing a certain appearsnes of mere oisi- lized workmanship then that of the uniutored E:qui- maux. Many bones of wolrus, deer, and seals were found, aud coal seen You ‘will observe, sir, that the position of Wellington Channel in cather altered, as by Sir Elwaid Belcher’s observations be makes it to rn in a more northerly direction than Captain Penny had supzosed, the whole of the coast line bawrg been laid down too much to the westward wertern branch of the searching squadron, under Captain Kellett, had reached Dealy Island, where they wintered but ea the extended travelling part'es had not returned at the time thet the officers left the Resolute for Beechy Island, we have no mesns of learning what they may have acccmplished. On the subject.of geographical discovery, Thave nothing to add, and as my own voyage, wita the full particulars of the loss of one of the vessels ¢f m: squadron, has already appeared before the public T will net take up more of your ime, whieh will be more inter- estingly occupied in the remarks of Lieutecant Cresswell, and the discussion on this subject. A vote of thanks was then passed to Captain Inglefield for his paper. Lientenart Creswell was called upon, and though he stated he could add nothing to the particulars already given by Captain Inglefield, the President urged him to state what he hed cone and seen, and the gallant officer proceeded to describe the detail of his own expedition in the Investigator. explaining his course by a neries of érawings, diagrams, and charts, whish were arranged arourd the room. The drawings are very spirited, and will, no doubt, when they are raved, become po- pular. The Kem 5) given by Lieutensnt Cresswell merely embraced those particulars which have already been published, with much greater miputeness, in the despatches which have appeared in the Daily News, Discovery of Islands in the Australian Soa. [From the Calcu :ta Kuglishman, Sept. 21 ] The following account of the discovery of two ds has been sent us by Capt. Pearson, of the thip Cashmere. Ona referehce to maps we cannot {toogt iti poable tha ie reoont surveys of Cant 100; le @ recent surveys ‘apt. Btanfey may have indicated them, as he pega te | much about that part of the seas adjacent | to Australia. The position assigned by Capt. Pear | Son, viz., lat. 16 deg. 63 min., and long. 149 deg. 51 min. East, is about three hundred miles east from | Cape Melville, and about two hundred south of the | Loutsiade eet Ad where it is probable that | mapy islands an lets exist which have not yet been laid down in the charts. RerouT OF THE CasuMEKe.—The Cashmere left New | Plymouth, New Zealand, July 12 1853, on her way to India, via Torres Strait. For the first part of the passage | experienced a continuanoe of heavy squalls and gales of | wind from the N. W., with heavy rain until July 28th, in | lat. 22298 , from wience southerly winds, end fine clear weather. On Tuesday, August 2 (civil tims) at 8 P.M, | saw the Alert reef, and on not being able to weather it’ | tackec and stood to the southward. At cavlight, nothing | visiblefrom the masthead, bore away to NNW. Thursday, Aug.4, 64M Saw two with bushes, from eighteen to twenty feot ig | appa. rently with fine sandy beach one bearing N. N. W., the other N. E, by compass, pot being marked in any of our charts, nor in Horaburgh’s Directory. Hauled the courses up, and laid the foreyard to the mast. ano drif ed down mid-channel At 7A M., the following bearings were taken by an Azimuth compass:— East island corth end, N. E. by EK, 4 E. East island, south end, K. by N. 3s N., breakers extending three or four cables length w. end, West island, north end, 8. W. by W. ‘West Island, south enc, 8. W. 3¢ W., also with heavy breakers from . end. At 8 A. M. bor: y N. W. by N. 36 N. Position of the ship st noon by sights, lat. 16 428. long. by chron., 149 38 E., which by course made good, since time Cf bearings places the east island in lat 16 638., long. 149 51 E, west side west island, lat. 16 66 8., long. 149 43 cant side. Visible from the deck between nine and mn tiles. Bbould the above described islands not have been pre- nds covered with hear from N. | viously noticed, I rhall call them Willis’s Islands, in com- | piiment to the owner of the Cashmere, Alluding to this discovery, the Calcutta English man, of Beptember 26, says :—With reference to the notice published by us on Wednesday last, of the Osebmere’s discovery of two suppoced new islands, a friend has pointed out to us in Findlay’s Di for the Pacific Ocean, vol. II. page 1,164, the follow- ing passage:— A dangerous reef lien in lat. 16 4ez. 82min. ronth, long, ‘14Odeg. 60 min east, according to Capt. T. B Bimpso.. We have not been able to trace any further account : faut.cal Maga- zine for 1848, p. 674; but the date of the discovery by Capt. bone is not given. If the latitude and longitude sre his bof may be fulty depended upon. It is quite probable, then, that the Cashmere’s islands are Captain Simpson's shoals, which, taking them to have been discovered ten or fifteen years 9go, may have gone on accumulating, and perhaps rising at corgl reefs so often do, and covering them: selves with the vegetation of the pandanus and 2ther trees, 20 well descrived by Flinders. We muet oh- ject to the name Willis’ Islands, as so apt to be con- founded with Wa'lis’ Islands, of which we see there el already three in the la:t edition of Raper now fore us. Affairs in China. STATE OF THE COUNTRY—THE FALL OF SHANGHAI— THE TRA EXPORTS— AMERICAN FLEBT IN CANTON— PROGRESS OF THE REBELLION IN THE NORTH. The following is an extract from a private letter:— Canton, Sept. 24, 18 We are kept constantly on the alert by the con- tinual arrival of exp:eases night and day, so that we have little sleep and next week we may get no sleep atail. We are on the top of a volcano, and must trust in Providence that we shall get clear ou’ of the troption. Shavghai is taken, and several places in it about. which they were fre ently obliged to do ever, i minutes. The mouth of the Mactontis von reached on tho 22d of August. and, oddly enough, on that very game day the bosts of the Plover, unter Lieut. (now | commander) Pull n, pasced the Pelley Islanda, which lay off its entrance, end thus tho two expeditions crossed | each other not far asuncer, but uaseon by eithar. | On the 30th the Investigator reached Cape Bathurst, having failed in the attempt to stretch to tae northward whieh Captain McClure had tried on flading the ico so dls. tant from the land, ax it appeared, off the river Macken. sie. Consting along. they reached Cape Parry, in 124 deg ‘sreet on the bth of September Open water again tem; them to push to the northward, in the direction of the land seen by Parry io 1821, and named Banta’ Land, Oa ‘the 6th of aber, adout sixty miles ina N E. dires- tion from Cape Bathurst, they first fell in with an un. | Known coast. The headland then righted was called | Nelson Head, and which eventuaily proved to be the | southern extremity of an island, whieh was called Baring | Bland, bnd_ whove ,Derthern shores bed fee seen and | Bamed a ir Jose] Banka. | anvsnd, € thie, on] srl ap ® Barrow strait, | formed by the shotes of this inland weds oust that wa | named af ‘ter bis Royal Highness Prince Albert; snd reach- amg det. 72 dey, Were saccen!y best ia ths paca, #4 | Inest serious ita neighborhocd. Amoy still holds out. The Bogue Forts were attacked four days ago, and gnos takea from them. A large city, within ten milas of this Place, a sort of warehouse up country to Canton, called Fleshan, it is reported, has had a rising in it, and the chief magistrate bas lost his head. E wrote long ago that Canton would be taken in September. The 17th, the day of the Feast of Lanterns, was fixed for the event, but it thundered and rained, aud the Mandarina bad the streets full of soldiers, no two people being allowed to walk together in the city, and the fi ing then and since, night and day, especially during the former, has been a sure sign that the troops are kept at hard exercise. The round for alarm is the rebellious pro- ceedings here the Triad and Seon arn (small knife) societies. At Shanghai and Amoy the latter predominates, but in this penton the move- ment chiefly criginates with the Triad society. Up most competent and eredible » The export hitherto, altbougb the season began a mouth earlier than last year, is 6,000,000 Ibs. deficient up to this date, which is a decrease of 22 per cent; and as for tea going to Shanghai, that is out of the question while thet city is beld by people who do not enjoy the eonfidence of capitalists, and bave even no confidence in themselves: These parties certainly wish to join the reforming rebels, and say, in- deed, that they act under their orders; bat that is not to be believed, as the black- guards who began the disturbance at Shanghai are wel known, and nobody doubts that they have risen against the ut government more with a view to their own advantage than from any patriotic cause. In fact they are chiefly men from Cantona and Fokien, who have Jong been feared by the peaceable people of the province, and have been leaders on all occa- sions of riot or robbery. I have often assisted in rooting out their haunts, where they concealed their lander, and they are so cowardly that five or six Sevigners bave always been successfal in securing those that were wanted; but yet tae magistrates, years ago, dered not do the same thing, and gave free leave to the English and other foreign resideats to seize these thieves whenever they cuuld discover them. It is this new description of rebels that we have to fear, and, when the real Tae-piog-wanz people et the Emperor onteed from Pekin, and a new peror proclaimed, these bands will be their worat enemies ; and, unless some foreign nat interfere— which at present seems to be improbable —unless in- deed the Americanstake the initiative, it is to be feared that anarchy will reign for years. You will see that what I have hitherto predicted has come to pass, ex- cept as to Canton being taken this month, and it is more than probable that even this may take place yet before the month closes; but it is to be ho; that this will be deferred until the rebels in the north of the province come down, as they are known to be connected with what must be the new government, end will, therefore, be the better enabled to maintain order. In a country like this, where we have no access to the interior, and but few oppor-unities of conversing with well-informed people, it is of course difficult to come to definite conclasions, especially as the natives with whom we trade are Cagney more ignorant ot assing and probable events than we are. It is said That foreigners will not be molested when Canton falls, and this I believe, unless it be by the rabble, with whom we may perbaps have a hard fight. We have the cloop-of war Lily, and the Americans have the storeship Supply, each of which has 80 snare men, and one or two guns that could be Janded as field pieces; most of the mercantile establishments are well provided with firearms, and, in case of attack by those to whom I have referred, I should have no fear as to the result, as they are very deficient in arms, snd have yet to do something to evable them to acquire confidence in their own strength or re- sources, I have recently had good evidence of their having no “pluck,” and that prompti‘ude and de- cision on our part are al! that is requisite to render us secure. I have made up my mind to remain in Can- ton, and am one of the very few that have not, during. the last six months, paid a visit either to Macao or Hongkong. I feel quite assured that the Tae-ping- wang party must eventually carry the day, and that Providenca has them in his keeping. It would bea privilege to foreigners to assist in the estabiishment of peace and order over anarchy, and the more power and energy we can display in this cause the better it will be for us in the end, You may consider it as almost certain that trade will scou come to a standstill bere, and after the produce at Shanghai, which is already brought into foreign godowns, has been shipped off, there will be to further export of tea from that place till a firm government is established; and here there will be 80 many disturbing influences when trade ia stopped, that though we may keep the /actories,the trade in exports will bé quite nominal. The people ia the country wi'l not incur the risk of sendiag produce down till a secure time arrives, ard, for the same reascn, those who have money here will keep it hid, and vever venture to send it up the country until they can do so with greater safety. I think it by no meaus improbsbie that our exports this year wll not in apy case exceed two thirds of those of last year. Jn good teas it will be greatly deficient, as very little care has been taken in the manipulation. You must not,assome people do, consider tea to be a raw material; it is manufactured,and in the ex- pense of thatjprocess, and of the transit, great part of the cost consists. The same may be said to be the case with eilk, but with this difference—tea is made ea for the foreign export in a peculiar manner, while silk ,is prepared io a way which is alike suitable for foreign or native demand. If peace were estab: eked the search for truth; and time is ever longest maturing those fruits of knowledge aud wis- dom which constitute her choicest gifts to mortals. Maps of the world, procurable at this day io the bvok etores at Canton. exhibit the “ Middie King- dom,” with &n area eighteen times that of tue o her countries ingerted therein, The Great Wall ex- clades is from the sparse population of the Siberian regions on the North; in the oxean thas washea the west, Kvgland, Franee, Holland, Portagal, Goa, Persia avd India, are delineated from north to south, at various distances one below the other; and in the southwertern corner, Siam, Burmah, and Spain; io the eastern and southern waters, Japan, Java, sod , Sumatra are interspersed with the other islands best | ionee bgp ee faae the re wre | such pablications are ing to dimarded by the better informed of the population. | ‘There lies now upos our tadlea French book par- | porting to be a translation of a Chinese work on | on Universal eecuaphy, wrises by ‘‘His Excellency | See Kin, in Shansi.” 1 book appears to be well | adapted to destroy the conceit, and dissizate the | ignorance of the rulers and scholars of China by proving to them the existence, and sh »wing them the position and resources, of numerous other great and | gonerial nations. The author acknowledges with can- | jor and gratitude the aid he received from missiona- | ries in the preparation of his work. While at Amoy on | pubiic duties, as long ago as 1843, he cansed part of @ collection of maps at the mission house to he copied and translated, and subsequently having be come interested in their study, he mace a collection of ali the works procurable on the subject, and (et from them all he thought worth retsining. ‘he information thos sedulously ottained he cor- rected or corroborated by conversation with fureign- ers from the weet. The selections, so verified, he arranged with his notes into chapters, which gradu- ally expanded to the size. of volumes. “Lu tuis way,” he eays, ‘have I done from 1843 till now, for many years, winter and summer, in the iutervals of official duties, making this pursmit my relaxation and amusement, and hardly omitting a single day in which I did not do something atit.” His frieads and fellow officers formed the highsst opiuion of the performance, called it the Ying Hwan Chi-lioh, or ge- neralsurvey of the circuit of tue seas, and persuaded him to get it printed. Four o! them wrote each a sepa- rate preface, all of which are published wi'h the work. They commend the auther's ‘ miante re-earch and thorough collation of his materials.” and declare. that his fitness for accomplishing: such a task is not seen in bis love for the wonderful, but in his deacrip- tion of what is proper.” Still they are by no means insen-ible to the extent and novelty of bis develope- ments, and dwell with delight on the succioctuess, Jucidity and comprehensiveness of lis descriptions. “One leisure day,” says one of the prefacers, he showed it to me, and, on looking over it only once, I perceived that even desert wilds and rem te oor bers apd byeplaces, as well as the kingdoms of the world, we e described as ‘Bean Fe the lines on the palm of ghe hand: it was like lighting a lamp in a dark room. ‘ Governor Su describes the globular shape of the earth, and declares that the water covers more than three-fifrhs of ita surface. To the generat survey of | the world feet its divisions he : ze the brief | space of eight pages. On ins) jing the maps | Caws by “Oceldentals,” he cape 4 with sure | price at seeing a Southern Frozen Ovean delineated. “ Now generally we were aware of the Northern Fro- zen Ocean, but were ignorant of a Southera Frozea Ocean; and I supposed it became hotter as one went soutbward, unti) at the South Pole the stones cracked and the geld melted.” ‘The: contrary doctrine he attributed t> ignorance and error ; ‘ but on asking the missionary, he told me there was no doubt of its being so.” The author affirms his own confidence in the missionary’s representations, ‘ but is quite eure that he will not be believed by his readers.” His mind has become so expand ed by his studies, and by intercourse with enlightened foreigners as freely to admit the truth ; and though early erroneous impressions and preju- dices are hot entirely discarded, as 1s obvious frou a quotation where he speaks of countrymen as: con- stituting the whole human rac2, and also from the fact that he Phiri calls foreign potentates kiogs or lords, reserving the title of emperor exclusively tor his own sovereign—yet he meotions other na- tions always in teris of respect, and never applies to their inhabitants those contemptuous epithets and cegrating. appellations, which were, till lately, al- ways ured by The Chinese in speaking of foreigners. The several divisions of the world are so de- scribed as to impress the mind previously unia- formed with tolerably accurate views of their ex ent and importanee. A general summary of the his lisbed in the north the export ot silic from Shanghai would be enormous this year, as that place is not far from the produciog distrists, and in times like the present the native consumption is of course small, both on account of the difficulty of internal transit, and of the change in the occupation and disposition of the people. The nortbérn rebel army has taken Tient-sin, the ort of Pekin. By next mail you will most likely arn that the capital has fallen. It must be taken before the end of this month, or it will not be taken for a jong time. It is most desirable for the rebels that they should get possession of Pekin as they already hold Chin-kiang-foo, which is the key to the rain stores. The grain has yet to be shipped, and, this should not take place before November, the famine whch already exists will go fur to extirpate the population. Under these circumstances, the peo- ple will embrace the cause of the rebels with ter zeal, ond the fall of Pekin will thus be rated. When that does take place, however. all is not sey ted; it will take some time to establish the new sys- tem of government, and trade will not at once flow into its accustomed cbannels. There will, couse- quently, be less teas shipped next year than many may expect, while from the short export this season the demand is likely to increase. The Americans bave shipped elite and the prices in the States are theretore likely to advance, and the rapidly increasing demand for Aus- tralia should not be lost sight of. Foreign trade in this country {s very small, and little thought of, as com with the native inter- nal trade. The trade with foreigners is not desired by many of the Chinese. It is indeed rather in some measure forced upon them. There is not ove sho; in a hundred here where foreign goods are sold, ani there is, therefore, no predilection for them on the part of the natives. They do not on this account desire peace for the sake of foreign trade, ani rabble, until either defeated or satisfied with der, will hold the day. THE FUTURE GOVERNMENT OF CHINA. (From the Usleutia Englishman, Sept. a We may now expect a termination of the Chiness rebellion at no very distant period b the arrival of the rebels at the capital. The oity of Tainan, which they occupy is within two hundred miles of Pekin, and not far from the great canal which they oom- mend and bave intercepted the trade of the capital, and, of course, the revenue from the rich southern rovinces. The Emperor, it is stated in one of the jt may yet call in the Tartar hordes, bat how is he to support a large ea in the field; they must be quariered on the people, who will be thus ren- dered more hostile to them than ever. Phis oppres- sion is stated to have facilitated the success of the rebels in the South. What are we to expect from the new dynasty, a more liberal ora more restrictive policy than bas hitherto prevailed? According to the professions made by the insurgents, they are favorable to foreigners and to foreign trade, ex- cept that in opium, and will alloy a freedom of intercourse hitherto unknown. But the policy of a succeseful revolutionary chief may be very different from his professions, when desirous of concilisting those who, by siding the reigning em- peror, might have put down the insurrection. If we may judge of the national feeling by that so lorg displayed at Canton, it is that of intense hatred of foreigners, but that, it is possible, may not extend beyond the provisce for the treatment re- ceived by all who have visited the eastern por has been very different from what has uciformly been ex- perienced in the neighborhood of Cavton. The Chi- nese are an enterprisng people, the res:rictions unéer which they havé hitherto labored, have been impored upon them by their Tartar conquerors, and it is probable that they will be desirous of taking ad vantage of the nations! government to remove all irksome res‘raints. hey can hardly effect this with- out giving. privileges to Mo tl not hitherto en- jeyed, and it may be expected that the cities of the interior will be id the plan- the country teas are detained—that is, such ag are made; ond they are not picking the later crops. Of | tbia we are informed by eye witnesses, amoog whom Adi. Porcine, why vesilaly ie oy suse saivers the rown Open in the same manner as the five ports. Another subject of speculation arising out of this revolt is the probability of the Chinese empire keeping together. This is evidently a national move- ment against the Tartars, that people wil! therefore be driven out of China proper, ut there appears 10 probability that any force which the Chinese can raise, could penetrate into and subdue Tartary. ‘That vast country therefore willin all probability become independent of China, and break up into separate States under the presen’ kiogs, who though they acknowledgethe Tartar Emperor of China as their bead, wuld not be likely to give their alle giance to his Chinese substitute, and as they are in- dependent of cach other, will probably remain Fo. Our frontier relations will therefore become an ia- teresting question. The jealousy with wich all ac- cess to Thibet has been devied may cease, and a considerable intercourse take place with those vast interesting regions which are now ao little known. There are many other subjects connected with thia extraordinery revolution that well deserve conside- ration, but we must defer them, till more complete information reaches us than is at present afforded by the China papery. THE FIRST RESULTS OF CHINESE TRAVEL—WASUING- TON’S CHARACTER BY A NATIVE WRITER, [From the Madras Examiuer, Oct 7.) Chinese communication with the various outside barbarians who have been of Jute brought in covtact with the people of that kingdom, has produced re- sults of immense magnitude and importance,—in a wide extension of the field both of commercial inter- courre and Christian benevolence. sut the results already realized are emall!in comparison with those which may be expected to accrne, from the imartis civen thereby to the Thinesa mind, Inq neyaod fa tory of each of its several countries, with an outline of nels pelsoal institutions, is given; their present lition and relative resources ure Pretty accurately estimated; even their social insti- tutions, menners, and customs, have formed the sub- ject of curious investigation to the author, and his gecount of them prezents a ludicrous mixture, of truth avd error. He says that in Englaud, “tre mcn constant!y listen to the commands of the womea —the whole country follows this custom;” and that « the skirta (of Englishwomen) are Jong, aud sweep the ground; there are five or six of them fuate: to the waist, one above the othér. Both sexes love clesnliness, and daily bathe themselves ia tabs.” This about tye skirts is emphatically true of the old fashions, and though it may seem to be in contradic- tion of the virtue ascribed to ladies in common with men, in the first clause of the next sentence, it is quite reconcilable with the residue of it, and w seem to repder the practice indicated therein an in. Sapenasble coneequerce. coricus error ocears in thefollowing h, appended to, in the main, a very accurate descrip- mn of Rhode Island, in America. It will be seen that, in the Jocation of the Colossus, the author con- founde Rhodeg with Rhode Island. Nan Hwai-jin, (a Jesuit) in his scoount of the seven wonsers of the world, says: ‘In Rhode Islend is a brazen man 360 cubits high, who holds a lamp in his hand: his feet stand near two hills, and ships para uuder his je ism circular stairs, from which one cou! reach ight hand, to light the lantern to guide v sels.” This is the island here mentioned. To ba tower for a light house is a common thing but Hwal- hes made a b) andariog story here of the brazen man, #1 said it was 300 cubita high. I cannot ree how tbis brazen man could have been or evea how he could hav« been set up: and the ‘tory must be put down ag ex'remely nonsensical. Gov. Su has a very mitute account of the United Btates of America; he introduces it with a history of the settlement of the coun! , and the subsequent re- volutionary war of independence. The character of Washington commands hie jified admiration. He coneludes his introductory summary as follows:— It is evident that Washington was a remakable man. Ip covixing plars he was more decided than Chin 3 ing or Wau Kwang, in winning s country he was braver than Tau Trsu orLuiti Wielding bis ix mense falchion, he extended the frontiers thourands of m les, ana then re fased to veurp the regel cignity, or tranami: it to his posterity, but first established rules for ane! tra'ion. Where in the wor'd can be found euch a pud Ue apivit? Truly, ‘he rentimenta of three dynasties have all at once unexpecteé ly appeared in our day! In ruling the state, he promoted and fostered guod eurtoma snd did not depend on military merit; in this he differed from allother nations. I have sen his portrait; his air and form is grand ani imposing in » remarkable degree. Ah! who would not call him » hero? a another place recurring t> Washington, he ex: claims :— Can apy person in ancient or modern times, among the pecpleo' the Far West, be compared with him | ‘This book has it seems produced a profound im- pression in Chine. The people read ita statements with interest and surprise, and ask with credulous wonder if they can be true. Just in proportion as it | elevates foreigners in the estimation >f the Chiuese, will it deprees their own insufferable conceit, and Uae their minds to the reception of the great truths | ol political economy. science and religion. It will vint Chinese scholars to the learning of fureiga lax guages, whence they will draw exbaustiess trea sures for the enrichment of their countrymen. It is matter of congratulation, that the first creat treatise | tor which the Chinese must acknowledge their in- debtedness to information derived from foreigners, contrery to bis provisions, as from that the Gefeieey increased in a rather rapid progression, but witbout, however, ever the figure to which the republican government raised it. From 1828 to 1830 it was in: cant enough, and resulted simply from extraord) ex, by the developement of smugglin, the Po. The eveuts of 1831 led 1,929 652 crowns, the largest that had up to that time taken place in the pontifical finances. In 1832 it smounted to 4,318,053 “ter tig oon sequence of the depreciation. of all public securities, principally in foreign eountries, and of the establishment of a new system of administration which augmented’ considerably the cout of the per | fmrpered on tho goveremont duties and cargos from impored on 1 which it did not thrink, There was reason to hope that, under the influence of the few years of calm which followed the augmentation of receipts, e brium. 6 ineurrecti al Romag- = in 1842, once more panel ene proviegs which bad been made. From 1845 to 1847, the sita- ation did not grow worse, but, also, it did not } aad better, for long jears are necessary to remedy r- der, once that it has penetrated into the finances of aocountry. We have seen the results of the first six months of 1849, the pitively saddled with a debt of 18) Of that sum 11,462 334 crowns ere the pntifical administration during 20 years, and 49 crowns, or 35 millions of ic8 are the re the republican goverament during 18 months. Pe 2 & hepa. Miscellany. “ The ex-Queen of the French arrived at Turin on Dake td’ Duchew 4 Aumale' having preceded het e and Duchess le by a day. The ex-Queen of the French and the princes of th ly of Orleans arrived at Genoa on the 4th, and slighted at the Hotel Feder. The Spa- nish steam frigate Francisco d’ Assiasi arrived in port on the fullowing day, to take them over to Spain. A_new screw line of battle ship of 100 guns, called the Peiki-Zafer, was launched on the 22d ult. at Con- ftentivople, in the presence of the Sultan, the minis- ters, aud several bigh fanctionaries, and went off with the most complete success, The Sultan was afterwards present at the laying down of the keel of Subthee steamship of eighty-four guns, to be called be Fetie. The Municipel Council of Vienna lately wished to put the sume tax on the residences of foreign ambas- sudors as ie imposed on private houses, but they sent & protest to the government, and it decided that they should not be lable to the tax. Count Valentin d’Esterhazy, Austrian Ambassa- dor at the Court of Munich, was to leave in a fort- night from last date to go to St. Petersburg in the fame quality, and that he was to be re by Count Appony. A writer in the Vienna Zuschawr proposes, a3 a panacea for all revolutionary Spanemeicnte es the continent of Sarope alanis be hermetically sealed egain+t the Arglo-Saxon race. ‘The Prince of Prussia, who has been, since 1822, the protector of all the Masonic Lodges ef the king- dom, tas, with the authorization of the king, receiv- ed bis son Frederick William as freemason and member of the National Lodge of Germany. The members of the three Grand Prussian Lodges were present at the reception. A few weeks since three lines of wires, each 1,200 feet im length, were laid across the Rhine, at ‘* ortus, fur the electric telegraph. They lie on the bed of the river, and will, when completed, form an important addition to the present electric commuai- cations, z 5 The totel number of penny newspaper stamps an- wuatly consumed in the United Kingdom of Great Britain is about eighty millions, viz:— -five and a half millions are taken by England, seven and a half fuillions by Scotland, and six and a half mil: lion by Ireland—the English portion being divided into forty-seven and @ half millions for the London, and eighteen millions for the provincial papers. The bumber of newspapers posted in London alone is seven bundred thousand weekly, or upwards of forty willions ;early. Mr. Rowland Hill calculates that the State loses, by carrying newspapers, £30,000 a year, while by the carrying of letters is gains £1,000 000 a year. The svow on Mount Etna furnishes a source of Wealth to the Catanians by no means inconsiderable. Above a certain height it is found in congealed gran- ulated macses, aud in this state is fit for conveyanse to all the large towns in the island, and even as far as Maita, Constantinople and the vicinity are in like manner supplied with this article, of paramount necessity in a warm climate, from the cavities near the summit of Mrunt Olympus, where the snow lies thoughout the year. Some thread, made at Ha'nanlt and Brabant, has actually been spun by hand of so exqaisite a texture ‘as to be sold at the rate of 10,000f, or upwards of £400, for a single pound weight. The Landwehr of Prussia, TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Dr. Solger, in his lecture upon “ The War in Eu- rope,” makes some remarks in regard to Prassia, which, conridering and leaving the whole at an indi- vidual opinion in one point, are evidently incorrect. The learned doctor ssys:—‘She endeavors to strengthen berself by obliging every one of her citi- zens to serve five years asa soldier.” This is got tree. The fact is that every young man of s normal, mental, and physical constitution, is compelled to serve three years in the army; but there are some exceptions abstracting from the general rule. Fami- lies, for iustance, depending for support upon the required recruits, have legal claims, which are com- plied with when ascertained. Studiosi theological are exempted from contributing to mart. Young men proving their collegiate education by an examination can serve voluntarily, and retire after one year’s military exercises. Every soldier, having served his time and retired into private life, passes through the different classes of the landwebr, and is, in fact, soldier throughout his lifetime, though he is only liable to attend periodical manceavres, 80 as to be always fit to enter astual service in case of emer- gency. The HsRaxp likes the trath ; and I hope, for your sake, Mr. Editor, you will be kind to insert the preceding lines. A Pavsstan. Fires tn Cineinnati—. 9100 000. (trom the Cincinnati Gazette. sov. 26.] About 1 o’clock oa Thursday afternoon, fire was discovered in the roof of the Catholic church on Congress street, near Butler, which was put out without much loss. At 1 o'clock on Friday morning, the stable of the Peach Orchard Coal Company was set on fire, and sixteen valuable horses consumed. At 2 o'clock, immediately after, fire was discovered in the pattern shop of D. A. Powell's extensive tone ets shop on Butler street, and in spite of the herculean labors of the fire department, it and valuable machine patterns and work were entirely consumed. Part of the new engine of the water works was among the unfinished work de- stroyed. Loss to Mr. Powell at least $75,000, be- sides $20,000 insured. Just previous to the fire a stable, in which were two horees of 8 drayman, near the Wade Mansion, on the opposite corner, was on fire, and with diffi- culty the horses were rescued. Some fiendish incen- diary ivtended, no doubt, to make complete de- straction of the founderies and plaining machines of that neighborhcod. Mr. Powell estimates his loss of building, tools, machinery and patterns at $150,000, upon which there are insorances for $20,000, equally divided pg the Eagle, Merchants’ and Manufactarers’, y, und the Delaware companies. ehould constitute so appropriate a foundation on which to ere: the structure of general science, a3 does Su Ki-ya’s Universal Geography- The Roman States. THE BUDGET OF TRE PONTIFIVAL GOVERNMENT. | The Pontifical government bas jast supplied an | important omixsion m the series of its budgets, by | yublishing its financial accounts from Jaunary I, £48, to July 1, 1849. Thisfinancial table of one of | the most agitated phases of its history is, so to speak, the balance sheet of the Roman revolution,and shows that during that period the deficit has iacreased not lesa than tnirty-five millions of franes. It has been drawn up by means of the comparison established between the anti sipatory budget orepared by an ad- ministration, still regular, and the accounts of these eighteen months found in the different ministerial departments, on the return of the Holy Father to his States. The receipts of the Treasury during shat po- riod amounted to:— Crowns. Ordinary receipte......... «13,376,567 Extraorainary receipts... . +» 1,613,607 MG 690.5655 Gian. s'80 ba, vents cover ees 14,890,174 And the expenses to: Ordinary expenses ... + 19,697,524 Extraordinary expenses............. ’ 21,26 4 6,377,450 It is to be remarked that the war dapart- ment is down in these expenses for 6 462,020 crowns, being very nearly the amount of the deficiency. Be- sides, the political events explain this expense. On December 31, 1847, the deficit was already 11,462,- which gives @ surplus of expenses of crowns. 334 crowns; in eighteen months, it had become | 16,098,101 crowar, being about one-third in- create. The table published by the Roman ict ad (Diario di Roma of Oct. 12,) {one e assets and expenditare of all the floaacial years ince 1814, and shows us the Roman budgets closiag regnlarly déwn to 1827, with a surplas of receipts That situation, which gave a disposable sum anount- ing to 5,851,640 crowns arising from acon mulated surplases, indreed Pose Leo X'T ia 1823 to reduce hie shop employed one hundred and seventy-five workmen, allof whom were yesterday en, io 1emeving the rubbish. preparatory to the erection of | another building. The proprietor informs us that by Wednesday he will have an engine in motion, and ali branches in operation in the course of next week. This i third time Mr. P. has been barned out on the #1 lot The first time was in °33, and the second veven years ‘ago. By the Jatter his loss was fully «qual to the one of yesterday morning. ‘There is no doubt but that all these fires were in- cendiary. The machine being so near the first fire, tt waa thoroughly examined jus: before it was discovered on fire. e planing mil of John Cline wae broken open, it is eupposed, with a similar ob- ject which, some cause, was not carried into execution, Powprr Mint Exrioston.—The storage or dry- howe of the powder mill of Messrs. Schwenck & Co , tome two or tree miles beyond Donaldson, in th's county, containing an unusually large quantity of powder, just recy. for packing and shipment, was fired on the 21st inst., and the whole establishment blown up with @ terrific explosion. The citizens of Donaldson, Tremont, and the surrounding neighbor- hood were 10used from _ their beds, Mr alarmed by the eudden light and the quaking of their, “earthly tenements.” The shook was very sensibly felt in Pottsville, a distance of some sixteen miles, and the impression prevailed that we had been visited by a miniature earthquake. The houses in some portions of the borongh were very perceptibly shaken. The fire, we understand, was seen some fifteen minutes before the explosion took place, but no one would venture to go near t> extinguish it. We have not heard that any ove has been arrested for the fiendish Hse ni hone: thongh it was clearly the work of an Incendisry, as none of the workmen were emp! oe Be premises at that hour.— Tamaqua (Pa.) jazette, Apna Burrowes, a p young, girl in Philadelphia, has recovered a verdict of $2,995 3 against Merers. French & Richards, for injuries received by her in falling through defective gra‘ing into the vatlt of the defendonts, at the comer of Mrket ant Yestigation make slow, though silent aud sure, pro ' ghe land tax by one fuurth. The result was quit Tenth streets, in that city, BXPLOSION OF THE IND&r ENDENCE—SBVEN LIVES LOST— «ik CULOUS BSCAPES. A correspondent of tbe Cleveland Plain Dealer, writing rm Suut Ste Marie, Nov. 26, fole lowing account ot tbe ex plorion on the propel- lor Indeper anon on Lake ea That ul-fated cratt, the prope er independones, after repeated mishaps. wheb resulted in the rain of ber former owner, was parchased daring the t summer—whilst occupying her anoual on the beach of Lake Suvert: r—by Capt. Mackey apd Messrs. McKnight & Co., and war got afloat in Bap. tember After being ‘horoughly overhauled, was eaaleret. By frecreraag St mage to be ri wwertby. Her capaci greater other voorel on the, hake, and boisterous weather caused « Jarce quantity of freight to be wait- shipments, her readimese to receive a esteemed a gud-rend. Owing to ascarcity some ten days were consumed in loading ber, then, as if for an admovitivu of her inpending 5 she proved to be Lard egrund, and two days were occupied in getting her afloat once more. At 114 o’clcck on Movday nicht she left the dock, and after proceeding ® sburt di:tapce was stopped for the of completing the raisicg of her ancitor. 01 (ober engine having stopped on the centre, the to go abead wes being runs for the third time when the fearful «xplosion occurred—the immediate eause ¢ shih ta attributed to not letting off steam during e ane. eeeren ives are pow socertaings ol La Emon opknowy, except Mr. on, ‘. That there were vo he killed would seem iaeredi- ble, after viewing the wreck. The exception of twenty: five feet of her bow, ie atoms. Her engine und boiler, with the of a emall piece of the later, cannot be dissovered in aeearch that hax been made within a hundred of the wreck, ard a Jage portion of her 3,700 barrel bare 0 is scatta poy py ae eae Ly eronpe of thi The mat thrilling iactent connected with the disaster was the rescue of Mr J. N. Watson, elerk of the boat, and formerly vroprietor of the building in your city. He was thrown far forward the wreck, aod the first. sensation he recollects finding himeelf grojing on the bottom of the with Lot sufficievt exer<y let to attempt gaining the surface. Afier reeching the latter, he founaé him surrounded by postions of the wreck and and ‘was foiled in first obtawis 2 su, by gray a bundle of pressed bay. Atthis it was by thecaptuin that Mir. W was amopg water. The voice of te former was heard din and copfusion, calling to his:intimats beighbor—‘ Wsteon, cay you sastain boats are destroyed, and we can render you no as- tistance”’ “Qh, po! I am nearly exhansted,” was the faint reply. He continued floating until be fell im with «. ofthe wreck, on wrich was the sesond en; who, though terribly scalded, ass'sted hiat on it, now their peril was still inminent. They were fast nearing the ra:ids, but lucktly the crew of the Pe- ninsula bad takes the slsrm, aud with # emall were making ior the wreck, just in time to rescue Messrs. Waison and Houston, Mr. H. being in his berth at the time of the explosion, Was tute of all clothing, except hia shirt, and hia from cold was in‘ense. The other survivor who thrown overboard is Mr. Alfred Thomas, He was also throwa forward of the wreck, though eevereiy injured, he succeeded in reaching it, and got upon it by means of an iron over its sice, Captain Mackey states that when wasin the rigging to avoid the falling waast, Mr. floated past him, followed by “Tork,” @ large dog belonging to Mr C. Vaughan. Messrs. G: D. Ensign and C. Vaughan, of Cleveland, were among the passengers ‘he total destruction of the’ boat extended forward to withio one room of the theirs, and although thas was shatvered, they socepal unin- jared. That near}y all ou board were not lost is ow- ing to the depth of waver, ooly reachipg her upper deck. ard the passenzers’ rooms mostly far forward, and the crew mostly forward at the time, engaged in adjusting the a ler cargo comprised a general assortment of pro- visions aud merchandise, and was owned at Ontona- gon and Lapoiute; ano great suffering and inconve- nience will be caused by the logs of it. Although the toss of ‘the Independence, with ita destruction of lie, has been the only moarnfal marine disaster of the season a«iong the steamers connected with the Lake Sap trade, there has been for the last few days a constant succession of disasters and hairbreadth escapes trom imminent . The first to lead ff was the Canadian steamer Kaloolah. She was disabled, avd could not be got ready to make her most important tr),—which caused mueh loss to our neighbors across the river. Next comes thé nar Tow escape of the steainer Arctic, with the loss of most of ber cargo, consisting of winter supplies for the Canal Compavy. tthe same time the propel- ler Navoleon #as on Lske Superior, disabled and ‘iven up for lost by her officers, but finally reached fer destination, with a damaged cargo—The fourth I have related. . WRECK OF THE STEAMER ALBANY ON LAKE HUROX—~ PERILOUS SITUATION OF TWO HUNDRED PASSEN- GERB. FERE f aff i Bs 3 A evger on the Albany writes from a Tale, Nov. 25, to the Clevelsnd Plain Dealer the fol- lowing account of the wreck of tbat steamer:— We reached Late Huron at 7 P. M., and at 11, a gale accompanied by a sno# storm, set ia. My room wasin the ladies’ lower cabin; aud at 2 this: morn- ipg I was arqured by the vounding of the steamer re the rocks immedi-t«ly under me, followed by ¢ soreeebing of the ladiex, the slamming of and tumbling of furniture; and was farther on finding my room floor covered with water.. The latter, however, was found to originate from the ‘waves warbing over deck. fel ae ee as estahierea hoe: Lecwey 2 this place, finding she was not making steerage avd his tuel Susuffisient to allow such di i 4 2 cided on putting back for this harbor. Th ‘was thick and tempestious, making it an easy mat- ter to mistake the course. On discovering his error, he immedintely put about, in accomy ‘ing which she struck aft, uron the well known reef a mile east of bere, which unshipped the rudder, leaving her at the mercy «f the waves—the wind bl a gale at the time off sea. She continued to be driven over the reef, thence on the ber to within half » mile of the shore, and now lies in five feet of water, with the othe aly. thing bl i the only ing appreaching a panic am iyo beeadead vate on Ue eye = — as ion 0} fire when one or her «mol Previous ee fires being exuinetnhed . hg ata ler ngere have all reac! re, t of a He oats es ne af e boat, wit. @ exception of her ine and forniture, will pro>ably prove a total lee The in- surance on her expired on the 25th. This is a severe calamity to her enterprising owner, Col. McKnight, in connection with tue loss of the propeller Inde- pendence, the insnrance on her having algo expired on the day preceding her loss. Mersrs. Vaughan, Thomas and Ensign, who were on board tue Independence when she blew up, among cur passengers; and,as might be naturally supposed. are decidedly sensitive on the sudject of lake Lei Sorel Mr. Emerson, of the same ee forward to Lake Superior. Mr. iller, also of the same party, escaped both casual- ties by deciding to accept s propos to winter at the “Boo,” after getting on the Independence with his baggege. Mr. Thomas has nearly recovered from his injuries. Particulars of the Fire in Couneil Bluffs City, Iowa. Loss $200,000. (Frem the Bagia Extra, Nov. 14} On Friday night Inst, at about ten o'clock, P. M. the store of Messrs. fvotle & Jackson was dist to be on fire, and upon bursting in the door & dense volume of smoke, folloxed immediately by a sheet of fre, burstout. An alarm was ii given, and in a few minutes the streets were alive with people, as many had n't retired to bed. In Thinutes the +tore was enveloped in flames, and little hepes of saving the buildings on that side of the etree’ was eutertuis ed, au many commenced empty-~ irg the dens+ly filled stores into the street, wii otbers commenced to tear down and puil out the « Gem builai: gs,” bot were seoa drove away flames, The tire was +o confined to the whole of the building that when it burst forth the read each way with appalling rapidity in so mach that ic was evident to all that our limited means for the use of water would be unavailing, and every deavor was made to rave the goods along the whole line of blocks on Main street. We were on the ground in @ moment after the alarm of fire was given, anc immediately commenced our effects, The Emporium Exchange and store, Post Office and pricting office, was our all. and we, to gether with onr boys, and everybody else, taxed our- selves to the utmost. ‘The Post Office was saved al- most entire, the Bugle press aod job type of both Bugle snd Guardian offices, the paper and cards, and printer's stock generally, toge with over half the type, was totally lost. The principal losers corner of Broadway and Madison streets: & McDonald. $10.000; Mason & Co., $5,000; & Jeckson, $25,000; B. R. Pegram & Co., $10,000; J.C. Mitchell, $3 000; J. EB. Johnson, 000; Langblin & Co., $2,000; Rubert Hawk, $3,000; J. K, Gok, (Bluff Honee,) $3,000; P. Murphy, 5,000 Mavy others have been losers to @ greater or less amoont, the particulars of which are not new in eur nexession. Without exception, ag far as our know. ‘dge of the transactions 1u the time of the fire, : body worked to the utmost, and many were sick pexkeay from exhaustion and over exertion. We regretto cay that some few unprincipled took advantaze of the intense confu- sion, and carried away some of the rescued goods, ‘were flames i some cf which have been recovered, As near a8 we can learn, there the destroyed tween $20,000 and #0000. goods and merchandise on the all of This is saved. The buildings were burnt with great rapidity. Ieea to onr young city ond fast settling country. 4 any of the puildings will be imc aely.