The New York Herald Newspaper, October 23, 1853, Page 2

AFFAIRS ABROAD. Our London Correspondence. Lonpom, Oct. 7, 1853. Census Returns of Great Britain—Progress of Population and Emigration—Comparative Den- sity of Population im City and Country. $c. I need no apology for presenting you with some of the salient figures of the last census. I shall firet give the population of Great Britain, (male, female, and total,) at the six last decennial periods, and then state both the decennial rate of increase and that during the half century :— les. Total, ed. per ot. lt 14.6 3 98 Average decennial rate nse Increase in fifty years The most import ‘6 ascertained by the late eensus is the aduition iu fif'y years of ten millions of people—that is, the ali but duplication of the British population. The increase of povalation, moreover, | during the last half century, (1891-51,) nearly equals the increase in «li preceding ages; and the addition in the last ten years of 2,300,000 to the in- habitants of the ¢ islaods, excceds the increase injthe last half of the eigbiceuth century. Contempo- raneously, too, with she increass of the population at home, emigration bas proveeded since 1 to such an extent as to people iarve States in America. . returns of the Ey) oa Commissioners fur- nish the following stutemeut respecting the emigra- | tion in the last tweuty six years, from 1825 to 185 North ameriean Coloni¢ rates United Siates. ; Australia ani 5 All other places.......... . 102 Two other movements 0: p been going on iv the | ‘Ningdom: the immigra- tion of the people of Ireland iato Great Britain, and the coustant flow of tre rural population into the towns. The current of te Celtic migration, howe- ver, is at present at lexst, ulmost wholly diverted from shese ps, and now chiefly flows towards the United States of America, where these wanderers find friends, kindred, aod lard to cultivate, without & povert, icken landiordocrsy to oppress and mis- Vern them. The mo of the country popu- ion into the towns bas never yet been clearly ex- hibited as to its extent wud character; but this much | we know for a certainty st within the last few raly directed to new are engaged in manufac- | yesterday the superb exhibition 0° flowers and fruit, which has been opened in the Champs Elysées, by the Society of Horticulture of the De tment of La Seine. This exhibition is particu- Tnnly remarkable for the immense number o! new fruits and plants. The culture of flowers has never reached such a point of Gites or ang Many new varieties of apples, pears, gooseberries, strawberries, have been added; twenty-nine new specimens of roses and dahlias. A collection of sixty-four new and twenty-nine new specimens of potatoes Eave been much admired. One hundred and fifty the most remarkable articles. Just opposite the tent ander which this exhibition takes place, the Palais d’Industrie is growing out of the ground, and its walls are already raised to the second floor. It is considered probable that the whole building will be completed within nine months; Inbition there. Among others, the press of Paris intend to exbibit a magnificeut work printed on parchment, ilu:trated by the best artists of Paris, and written by one hundred writers, selected among the best of the profession. The grapes having been this year attacked by the oid um tuckert, the merchants aud dealers of vine lize of Lyons invaded, a few days ago, the vineyard situated ina large room, or rather 8 manufactory of wine, composed of weier aud drays of all sorts. These wines were prepared fur exportation, and many boxes were to be sent to New York. Thus, Americans, look out for bad wines, and beware. A Spanish engineer has jast made the discovery of agun with which sixty shots may be fired in sne- i ‘This diabolical weapon ‘has been presented psnish government. medals have been awarded to those who exaibited | it will then be a superb monument. French iadus- | try is already engaged in preparing articles for ex- | are trying to make wive without grapes. The po- | (tna tos oo eae on eR eee Ne el SAAS SRE a SSS SS cS SSCS SS SSS ST TS A ASA SE SASS stantine, andis pial “bougee is of Lu t @ novel form, quite small, and falling in long spiral tenérils as low as the waist. This benquet consists but of one single sprig with buds; it is made to be placed at the top of the cor- sage towards one shoulder, the ribbon of the Graud Cross being brought over the other. The ball dresses, made by Madame Bridaat, are of all kinds, but the most novel are those covsi-ting of a single flower, embroidered su colonne, either in white, colored | silks, cr straw. The under skirt is made much nar- rower than bitherto, whilst the flouuce is gathered into the waist in more numerous folds than hare a3 yet been the mode. Some of these in silk, embeoi- | dered in seed pearl, have been ex! | suecess. Tbe bottom of the skirt is quite plain, | while that of the flouvce, shorter than tue skirt by | six or seven inches, is elaborately embroidered, aud stands stiffly out from the dress. Put little change is visible as yet in walking dress. No newer matesial than cordonue d'ecosse has p2en ventured on as yet. The tissue is novel in is effect, | being shot with many colors, and thickly corded. Some of these stuffs reflect as many as five differeat | colors in the shot, which are so artistically b esded | that the effect of the whole is neither harsh nor voy- ant. Large checks are beginning to lose favor, and are being fast bo ame by etoffes rayées, a small line rupuing acro2s the stuff, while a broad stripe meets the other. The siiks of autumn tiats, already exhibit- ing atthe great houses, are more costly and splendid than any we have »eheld tor years. The soie Boucher, | by Delisle, for evening wear, is maryellous for its rich- ness and delicacy of execution. Large patterns of elaborate de-igns, copied trom the dresses still pre- served, once belongiuig to Madame Du Barry, have been imi’ated with complete success. One of shee, | destined for the Empress, struck us as being ex- Much scandal was created at the last meeting of | quisitely beautiful in its tone and nuance. Ii is of the Academy of Science by the reading ofa pamphlet, | soie Pompadour triple trame, the ground of a pale sent by Mr. Hare, af. Philadelphia, relutive to the | sea-green. At wide intervals are thrown upon a white “would be” ignorance of the French academists on | ground, cast upon the surface as if by a careless the nature and causes of storms. I[tappeurs that Mr. Hare, with the wost sneering and coutea:ptaons lan- gunge, has even forgotten to prefix the usual Mr. to the nams of the savants of Paris he mentioved. The members of the French Academy whom he names are Messrs. Arago, Espy, Pouillet, Peltier aod Babinet, who are, in Mr. Hare’s opinion, the most ignorant jackasses in the world. I would say that the scandal was followed by a general burst of laughter from the whole audien-e. A very simple remedy to eure the dreaded cholera is published in the French newspapers, and I think it is good to give it here. It the patient has not vomited the p»isoned matter which caases the dis- egse, and which looks like rive water, he must take | a soup spoon full of mustard, diluted in a Seen of fresh water. This will be ejected immediately, and then he swallows a glass of brandy, in which he throws ten grains of Cayenn? pepper. This strong tures. Thisis sufficiently apparent from the fact that, whereas the averae number of persons to a | square mile in England ad Wales amounts only to | 307, and in the twenty-two emphatically raral coun- | ties to as few as 214 jer sqaure mile, the density of | the population in our great commercial and manu- facturing towns is as follows: | Manchester and ee bays Amid all these great and unexampled changes | im the population, two very importaus questions arise, which the ace, marrage, aud occupation | tables, which are + y to. totlow those before us, will boris Ba iv sclving, namely:—Can the population of Great Rritain be sustained at the rale of emigration which is uow going on, aad which will probebly be conti wed ‘or many years? Se- eondly—Ia there suficient labor, and “sufficiently varied in kind, for tue protitable employment of | Engiand’s population? ‘o resume: It is one of the obvious physical ef- | fects of the increase of population that the proportion | of land to each person ¢ hes. So great is the decrease, that within tie | ty years the quantity | of acres to each person living nas fallen from 5.4 to 2.7 in Great Britain, aud ‘our acres to two in Eog- land and Wales. There has been this attendant ad- vantage, however—bat the people have een brought into closer proxtmity and connection, average distance from each other having been reduced in the ratio of three to two. | Labor, too, has been divided and sub divided by the increase of wunufsctures and trade; industry has been regularly organized in towns; aod the quantity of produce, ei er consisting of, or ex: Baifole, N.Y. Ha.nilton Smith, changeable for. the cor ences, elegancies, and | G. W. Bull, Jr, Baltimore. H.J Sanford, U. S. Charge necessaries of life. hus cy the whole largely increased, | |: F. inpsiey. Philadelphia, at and is now increasing ut 2 more rapid rate than the | J. |. ( owen, Ci ‘ittsburg. population. Another important moral effect of the | & F. ~ W. Miller, do. crease of the British people is an increase of their | 7 /. E. S. daines, Cincinnati. mental activity, cansed by their more frequeut com- | *° 5, papal haniay Eom aconena bination and collision »wien densely congregated in | )/"; rials) ae! towns. The populs.iva of our towns, moreover, is * po iid ages net so completely isolated. Separated in Hoagland | 7: T. Warren, Boston. fiom the rural population arucd, as in France, | ba B.L. Ball, — do. Belgium, and Germany, where the cities and towns, | J- Baisaubin, as Mr. Laing happily expresses it, “Sit like gaard | J- i sbips riding at anchor on the plain, keeping up a | x kind of social existence of their own, shatting their | gates at sunset, ana having privileged exactions in | the shape of passperts and octrois’—[Observations on the State of the Eurovean peogle in 1848-9, p. | 273)—In England, on the contrary, tie walls, gates, | and castles, which were destroyed in the civil wars, have never been rebuilt; ond while the population has outgrown the ancient limits, no stone lines of demarcation have ever been drawn round the new | centres of population. Tolls, it is true, have been collected since a very ear'y p-riod, in our corporate and market towns; out ‘the system of octroi, in- volving the examination by custom house officers of every artiele entering the town, has never existed in i his country. pomeiey 73 — @v~ ‘Paris Correspondence. Panis, Oct. 6, 1853. The Weather—Scarcity of Grain—Activity Among | the Working Classes—Strangers wn Paris—Ex- hib.tion of Fruit and Flowers—Remedy for the | Cholera—Theatricals, §c., §c+ | ‘The first visit of tbe cold weathor was on Friday last, and we are now lighting onr fires and using our warm clothes. The wiud is cold, the rain is ehilly, | and the sun has totally disaypeared. No doubt this | unexpected temperature will not last long; but no matter how long it lasts, it had very fatal influence upon the public health. Indisposition, coughs, in- flammations, rheumatism, and other things no leas disagreeable, have made tteir appearance in the cir- | cles of mankind, and, horresco referens ! many cases Jy of cholera have been ubserved in Paris, and also at Havre. What will come next no one can teil; but despite the efforts of the government to eonceal this | fact from the public, it is generally known that the disease exists, and has s tendency to increase. Much panic and fear are eutertsined in many quartera, and | many persons are 60 muzb afraid that they speak of | nothing leas than leaving Paris, and emigrating to | the country. To this horrible position we must also add the prevailing scarciy of grain. Though arri- vais of flour and grain sre daily aapounced in the dif- | ferent ports of Fravce, it appears that the qaantit; of this indispensable article of food is not yet suffi- cient. The bakers have great difficulty in meeting the demand, and are unable to reduce the price of bread, which is still at 45 centimes the two pounds, It appears by the last stati-tics that the prodact of in in France is not sufficient to nourish the thirty- ive millions of ita inhabitants. There are eight mil- Mone of hectares of !and not cultiva ed, which, if pro- ducing grain, would weet the wants of the country. Africa and Corsica are also uscultivated in many | age Tho economists of France are busily engaged making an official report to the government, | which, if attended to, may be of much benefit to the | French le. The working Meee ot Paris are, ee the ety busy, particul ly masons, smiths, carpenters, terera, Mere &c. The monomania of build: | over the city, is so general, that every house by workmen who are either renaw- ding ‘it. These workmen are workin, despite the kay | be” Sg said government for keeping the Saboath. Bourgesis, por itbes people of bigher condition, keep the Sab- bath, according to the custom of the country; but the " jite the general rale, prefer to work 5 to take some recreation aad repose | Apropos of the building, it is eurious to notice that | since the last century there has been demolished in | the capital of France, three hundred and six histori- | cal houses and buildings, which are tuus divided— | seventy-five hotels aui palaces; forty-five abbeys; | fifty-seven churches; fifty-five colleges; seventeen monumental gates; sevea bridges, and fifty two mo- numents, crosses and fouctsins, I may also mention pepe Fone d which eae been erased from the soil on wi were built. Paris re pe and the few strangers who are & few days here, seem to be as wretched ‘wanderin, as souls’ of * Dante's Hell.” They fill the theatres; the day after, they leave the LFF do not think that toe gay Paris will be in- before the month of November. A mong the Americans who are here, we have the witty and | Settee rated eh, Be s tends ae hays cee: bags im Pass aad ‘thence she " Mr. avd Mra, Keao, t)« two dis tragedi- @ 5, oro in Paris, at ot! Mewion They are vght ; | costume, and completely efface the remedy pr duces immediate relief, and after an hour of repose, pase tion and sleep are restored to the atient. I think this remedy is quite easy, and may kept in the pocket book. M. Scribe, the celebrated theatrical writer, has just b in the department of L'Aisne, for the sum of 260,000 fraces. This fertile country is situated in the commune of Vandieres, near Cuatcaa Thierry, and M. Scribe intends remaicing there six mont! every year. Miss Montgomery, who married the Count Oliver de Larochefoucault, is trom Louisizna. Her father is one of the richest and belongs to the Montgomery family, whose elder branch is represented by the Barl of of England and Svotland. Mme. ‘Rachel leaves the Theatre Francais, and has been allowed to go for one year to St. Peters- burg, where she is engaged for the enormous sum of 600.600 francs. The celeorated tragedienne has al- ready sold her hotel and its furniture. At the Odeon, the tragedy of Mery, entitled “Gus map !e Brave,” has met with universal approbation; but unfortunately the play is tedious, and a critic has published he fe ‘se about its performance: | ni sans onteave, u va voir Gusman le Brave, ion est plus brave que Gusman! _Chevelier Wikoff is here in Paris, ia good health, kicking and alive, and ready to publish some startli decuments upon the shameful conduct of the Brit government #gainst him LIST OF AMERICANS IN PARIS. P, Livingston, Feq., purser, A. a of the U. mail steamer T. Humboldt, Havre. LP. Sidney E. Morse, New York. Mrs Morse and two children, T. B. Hull Navy. Me. and Mrs. Wadaworth, H.R. | mpson, New York. T.A. Bailey,” do. do. ht a splendid country house at Courbetin, | lautera in the United states, | glinton, peer | | ming. | is very rich and | shadow thrown by this ornament is found to be most | becoming. | band, the attributes of the shepherdeas—the basket | of flowers, the straw hat and sky-blue ribbons, the | crevk and pipe—all these executed with so much delicacy and neatness that, in spite of their un- wonted size, to which our eyes are, as yet but little | accustomed, they excite neither surprise wor criti- | cism. The dress was lying at Victoriue's, ready for | trying on. It is mide & la Francois 1, cut | Square over the shoulders, with broad passe- menterie, combining every color in the design, with tassels of the are colors crossing over the bosom: the sleeves quite tizht aud flat, descending | from the shoulder but three inches, and fiuissed by | the epcrmous bovffans, @ la Medicis, so much in vogue just now, and whjch have completely snper- seded the graceful sabots,2 la gravd mére, which have held their sway solong. These bouffeas were made of rich poiut de Veuise, and fioissed below the elbow with a deep fal: of the same material. A | | dressed in silk, and resided in palaces. While mai the yard of Honfleur. She iss beautiful vessel of 700 tons, and will compete in speed with the Marshal de Turenne. At Nantes another clipper of 700 tons has been launched from the yard of M. Guibert, and is to be commanded by Captain Souza. We often complain of the superiority of Eoglani and the United States in the matter of maritime commerce. It is just that we applaud the efforts that are beginning to be made 1 some of our builders to compete with our rivals, The Ancient and Modern Chinese. CURIOUS MANNERS AND CUSTOMS—EDUCATION AND POLIT ICs— PRE ESS OF THE REVOLUTION, ETC, (From the London News.] news irom China. brought by the overland The 1, egrees with all that bas recently arrfved from same guarter. Success is still with the iosur- ts. ©The g vernment of Pekin is in che greavest .”? “A seare'ly of grain was be- ing to be felt 'n Pekin, owing to the districts by the capital was eb supplied beiug now in possession of the rebels.” “The imperialists bave made srother s(ul attempt to recapture Amoy; aue trom tl ounts received of the spirit- less behaviour of the Tartar troops, it is now evident that alls up with the Manchoo dynasty.” Such is the news, and the last paragraph gives graphically encugh the conclusion to which the rebellion bas evidently sor some time past been vending. The last of a live of kings is toppling to overthrow; his throne is undermined his prestige nearly goue; his exchequer empty; bis troops pusillanimous; his star about to set. ; To apyreciate the bearings and probable conse- quences of this politics! convulsion, now upsetting the hitherto stationary empire of Chiua, it is neces- sary to remember the social and political peculiari- ties of this extraordinary and SNe people. We must cease to regard them simply as dark color- ed wearers of plaited tails, and ries | sufferers from deformed teet ; az mere producers of tea, fans, folding screens, fireworks, and floss silk ; a3 carvers oi ivory puzzles, or buriesque Gaessmen ; a8 imskers of paper kites, curious boxes, grotesque porcelain, and Indianink. We must sssure ourselves that the whole three hundred millions do not habitually re- side in boats, or in bamboo rabbit hutches, sur- rounded by dwarfed trees and grotesque gardens ; thet they do not all eat birds’-nests or rats, or call foreigners “ burbarians,” or spend their dsys in sippiog ten out of toy-cups, or their nights in light iny paper lanterns and opium pipes. A great many of them doubtless do these things; but they have done, as a nation, and still do, a vast deat more. ‘The Chinese are, especially with reference to the past, emphatically a great people. When Englaud ‘was a mixture of swamp and forest, the kingdom of China was covered with towns aud cities ina state of complete political and municipal government. When | the ancient Britons wore paint, and huddled them- selves under wicker-work buts, the Chinese were of the European rivers had yet to be explored, Chio: was intersected with canals, bearing travellers and complete parure is ne essary with this style of dress, and lJaige oraamenta of sky-b'ue and light- { reen enasiel are niready presented by the jewellers | for the arms and neck ot te wearer of the robe & la Frangois [. Mach attenton bas been given to the | confection of winter cloaks. Talmus are exploded. | The Evangeline promises to continue in favor for young ladies. Instead uf being made in one mate- rial, as was the case duriog the summer, it will be | made of velvet or rich silk, while the flowers, which | reach to the neck, will be composed of broad ribben | | Iaid on full or plaited. An entirely new modet has issned from the atelier of Madawe Bridaux. [tis calied afsouvenir, and con-ists of a loug palatot tunic, above which the cloak fails as far as the hips, being gather- | ed over the bosem and the ends thrown across the | shoulder. Its name is derived trom the picture of | the great Napoleon at Versailles, aud bears some | resemblance to the cloak he is represented to have worn ou his passage over the Pyrenées. Tbe mante | 8 la Maja is aJso novel and pretty. It fits tight over the bocom and reaches to the 3; behind it is | short, no’ descending lower than the waist. The | sleeves are almost tight, set into a round armhole | and braided from the shoulders downwards with broad lacet and tsssels. This sieeve is turned back | almost to the elbow, showing the lining, generally | of tome bright color. A small hood hangs over the shoulder, also lined with the same bright neuance, and braided ia a novel style. This form of *mapteau | is, perhaps, the newest we have yet seen, and likely | to be touch patronised,owi g tv its extreme youth: | fulzese and the warmth and comfort imparted by its | fitting so tighily over the bosom. The great novelty | | in sortierde-bal is tue immense change wrought by the adoption of lace instead of ribbon as trim- | This lace, made expressly for the purpose, | heavy, made to imitate the transparent embroidery of silk upon Brussels net, first submitted to our notice by Madame Bri- | daut. Bonvets have undergone a total change since last mo. th. The winter shapes are fast appearing, although made still in light ma‘erials. They are no longer open and évasé to behind the ears a& formerly; but sithough pot a whit larger, seem to draw much closer to the side of the face. The newest whin, for fashion we can scarcely call it, is the total ab- sence of avy other ornament than a thick ruche, cor sisting of Jace, flowers aud large roseates of rib- bon Jaid on alleround the edge. The effect of this is singularly bewitchivg—the face appearing to iasue from a nest of lace and flowers. The transparent It is carried completely round the bon- pet even over the bavulet. Coiffures are determined . Kennedy Smyth and fami- | ly and Bliss C. Lewis, New | York. i 0. B. Graham, New Orleans, BE. B. Garesche, New York. | Dennis, Dn R._D. W. Thorne, Jr., New York. ¥. M. Hiester, F W. Thiderlia, Cincinnat Gen. G. Hop Robt. Halsey, Ithaca, Gilbert W. Hopkins, Atlas Saml. Lewis, Detroi! Werks, London. e Dr. Ed. Vermilye, New York. 4 H. W. Webb, do. family, do. er a W. McMurray, New York. ie 0. J. A. Robinson, W. H. Merritt, J. Taylor Wood, U Capt: J. G. Walker, x : ‘ Trumbull, Stonington. N. Le Brun, Philadelphia, J. R. Mills, Boston. Dr. E. B. Seguard and lady, J. Raymond, Troy, N. Y. Boston. W. H. Many, Albany. J.B.Kaufman, Lancaster,Pa. Bond, Cineinnati. Dr. E. Gage, Mobile, Ala. . Sargent, Worcester. R, ‘ all, New York. arrall, ¢o. MS jones, Philadelphia. Colgate, NewYork. | and lady, Vhilada. 0. do. A. J. Cipriant, New ¥ J. M. Wilson,’ do. Boston. New York. York. Jos. Barne: R. W. W do. T. M. Smith, Richmond, Va. C,H. Smith, do. Lt. W. A. Bartlett, James Biddle, New Yo 0. H. Mildeberger, N. Jas. Swaim, Philadelph Thos. Corner, Dp. D. Foote and lady, New E. G. Palmer, Jr., South Ca- York rolina, F, J. Rue, Philadelphia. The Latest Paris Fashions. {From the London Court Journal, Oct. 1.] Summer fashion is at length beginning to pro- nounce itself vanquished, after the hardest struggle it ever sustained within the Sapret! of milliners, for during the last week, in spite of the gloominess of the weather, white muslin dresses were still bebeld in great numbers in the promenades, and the short stay made by the Empress on her Majesiy’s passage thr: ugh Paris confirmed the fashion—no other cos- tame being observed in the court carriages, whether driving slowly through the Bvis de Boulogne for pleasure’s rake, or burrying to end from St. Cloud on business connected with the State. The trousseau of the future Empress of Austria is progressing ra idly, and has brougtt many of oor fair fa-hionables & Paris before their usual period of dezerting the count We have been favored with a view of moat of the nouveautés riches already completed, and as their facon will most likely de‘ermine tha’ of the toilets for some time to come, it is perhaps a3 well to describe them. Madlle. Beauvais has executed the first court trains for the bridal and the recep- tiors incidental upon that ceremony. The dress chosen for the nuptisls is of white drap d'argent, with two broud flounces of silver blonde, each flounce headed with bows of narrow striped silver ribbon, with long ends descending over the fainesy of the flounces, and lightening the effect in a most airy and charming manner. The corsage is made straight and plain. Two rows of silver blonde are [evel into a plain band of silver, and the same 78 seen upon the skirt sre repeated on the body, following the tall of blonde down to the waist. The tame trimming adorns the sleeves, which are made very short, the long ends of narrow silver ribbon fall- ing over the arm, and shading it for several inches, rendering the Jeng of sleeve hitherto worn unne- ceseary. The train is a chef d'@uvre of elaborate embroidery, being of the finest silver, worked in a deep wreath of oravge blossoms and lilies of the val- ley. The train is cut in the most novel and elegant manner, whish wil! doubtless be ado ° pe for court , Un fal Manteau de cour a8 it is now worn. It is cut a I’ Antigone, tunic fashion, short towards the hips, and jua'ly increasing its length to the middle of the waist behind. The full pattern of the embroide- ry ia thus displayed, and she folds left to play in their natural position where they fall, no longer flatten the dress beneath, nor give that eumbrous ht to the figure which a ways forms the great objection to this otberwire diguified costume. Sirver embroider, for court rece;tion is ene ak preferred to gol The effect is far preferable by night—more youtnfal, | and more \ecoming—po-sessing the immense advan- , Re bhew tse, of enbaucing,, of dedi ney of diamends, i igndt ere of ane ri tls Hold The Urival coiffure ccnsists of a short veil of poiat | miasable. The only novelty is the Marguerite, a broad won, lady and | c | duced for approbation. They are of dark blue lava, to 1emuin turned back from the face; uo others are ad- ribbon of bright colors, which, ing through the | doubie bandeanx, ia left to encadrer the phasic by coming down as low as the shoulders. It twisted spirally, and is sometimes carried from one | side of the head wo the other without being divided. | The Princess Mathilde bas adopted the Marguerite, | | and it is destined to be as universally worn as the | coiffure ala Felix now exploded. Itisto Leopold , we owe the invention, and it has beea successful. | We have seen a Gress of Chantilly blonde trimmed | for the Queen of Ssrdinia. Each flounce ornamented | with bonches of the small star of Bethlehem, de- ercasing in tize ae they approach the waist. Th brides of lace which have replaced the berthe, a: ornament to to the shoulders, were also orpamente with smaller bouquets ot the same flower. The effect | ‘was that of the most fairy like frechoess and beauty. | Constantin, has been most suc:essful, however in his | | plantes parietaries, of which be has composed seve- ral psrures for the Empress,to decorate the costumes de bal required by her Majesty for her tournée in the | provinces. | Our general observations:—Although the month | is considered but a travsitury space from one style | of fashion to another, yet the init‘ated may, at this | time, perceive what is going to be. NeckJaces, | for instarce, which have so long been for- gotter, are revived by the greatest ee and are of novel design, being made fit the’ | slope of the neck, and to lie fist all romd. Stars and roseates of colored stones encircle the throat, | and between each tassels of gald descend lightly and diminish tbe stiffcess of the ornament. | large beads, called bombes, are also being intro- malachite or coral. old rococo ehops have been raveacked for specimens of this article, as worn by our grandmothers. Shoes, alas, are worn entirely without sandals, @ result of which we have been in dread for the last few months. The fasbion is now quite prononcé, and it is useless to struggle against it. A large bow of ribbon, of a nuance somewhat lighter than that of tne slipper. is much approved; but we cannot help considering the fashion as slo- venly and negligent, and sincerely trust it will prove but a caprice. Meyer bas been making the most charming sabots of walnut wood, to supersede the ugly contrivances for Faint, even during the win- ter. It is the most delightful chaussure possible, elegantly carved on the instep, aud lined with pink or bite lush. The wearer may, thus chaasseed, de'y both cold and damp; the satin shoe jeaves the sabot uneciled and uninjured. Nothing more grace- ful and coquet, yet useful withal, has ever been prerented to our fair fasbiovables. Pocket banderchiefs are still made with a frilling, embroidered at the ede. Mach of the linen made for the trousseeu of the Empresa of Austria presents the novelty of being embroidered in colors—some of the handkerchiefs being worked iu minute wreaths of flowers, each flower bearing ita natural color. In general, a struggle is visible in fashion—the strag- gle between riches of ornament and gorgeousness of | detail, and the determined simplicity of which her Majesty eeta the example. The partizans of each style are pretty equal at present, but we dare not protonnee an opinion, for when, on the one hand, we behold the wondrous show of gold and silver | work, and calculate the tremendous cost, aud, on the other, behold the te white pert hypocritical in their unpretending simplicity, although covered with rich lace and fineet embroidery, we cannot heip sympathiz\ng with the Lg ghd Napoleon, when, in answer to his reproaches of extravagance, Josephine romised future “ simplicity.” ‘ For Heaven's sake, ‘adame, anything but that (Tut ce que vous vou- drez, mais pas de simplicité); | cannot support the heavy extravagance of such ‘ simplicity’ as youra—it is costly enough to exhavst the public treasury,” French Clippers—Maritime and Commorcial Enterprise. The Courrier du Havre gives the following account of the progress being made in French by ery om The activity of naval construction is not falling off. We are happy to have # new occasion of apeak- ing of the line ot clippers from Havre to Valparaiso and Lima. We have already stated, some mouths ago, that a meeting of Parisian shipbuilders and | Britain took plsce. | eminently literary and thinkin, owners had taken » and that they were about to devote twenty-four ships to sil between Havre, Chili, aod Peru, ‘sirendy. several of these vessels bave sailed, and others are being freighted. The clipper Marshal de Torenne has arrived at Havre from Bordeaux, where it was built. Other new nication 6 France with Chili and ’ The clipver Callao is pbout to be launched from merchandize on their waters trom the Yellow Sea to countries beyond the Great Wail. While the wisest | of the Greciars believed in soothsayers aud drew | auguries from the stars, the Chinese studied astro- Lowy, and computed the annual orbit of the earth; when nobody in Europe could read but monks, the | city of Nankin was daily placarded with advertise- ments of hooks, and bills of popular plays—plays the euccess of which puts to shame the boasts of Euro- pean managers; for some of them have run, not hun- dreds of nights, but hundreds of years; many being performed, we will venture tu assert, at the same mo- ment that some of our readers scan these lines, When the most that could be done here in fureiga com- merce was to tell a little Cornish tin to the Phoni- cians, the Chinese supplied the whole of India with luxuries, and had inverted printing, gunpowder, the mariner’s compass.and bank notes. Those, again, who bave studied the governmental polity of the Chinese, declare it to be, thoretically (bat only in theory) as near perfection asia conceivable. The country is ruled, down to the minutest aeta ls aud observances of private life, not by a dynasty of ty- rants, Lor by this or that political faction, but accord- ing to the written laws of their sages. By theve lawa every sort of power in China is limited aud checked. The Chisese originated what Sydney Smith ex- tressed such a borror of—select committees. Every department of the state iz governed by a voard—the army, the navy, the law, &c. Cbiva is the only nation upon earth which, repudiating the idea of hereditary legisltors, professes to admit no one to the ranks of the noble who has not earned his nobi- lity by learning—-that is10 say, by a knowledge of the Jaws, precepts, and general literature of their classical sages. The eon of the Emperor himself, | while his father lives, has uo higher rank than the meanest tracker on a caval until he has earued rank atrchool. The consequence is, that, to borrow a sentence from Gutzlaff—there are in China more books. and more people who can read them, than in any other nation under the sun. ‘anity way therefore be an exausable foible in a nation whieh achieved so much while the reat of the world was in a stute of barbarism, or at best semi- barbesism. But, unhappily, the vanity of the Celes- tials (as they are 30 good as to call themselves) is 30 thoroughly national, and so intense, that the first and fastest article of their creed is that they are per- fect. They ssy—the institutions and precepts of our avcient rages have made us what we are—perfect ; consequent !y, to oelieve for an instant in anything osfferent from what we find in our books and institu- tions. is simple insanity; and to put a grain of fuith in the possibility of improvement is flat blasphemy. Hence, origwalty in a Chivese is » crime actually ado with Geath. Watt, Arkwright, and Pro- ecsor Wheatstone, would inevitabl; ve suffered the extreme penalty ot the law had they invented the steam engine, the oma jenny, or the electric tcle- graph in China. Those ‘ mea made perfect,” their sages have (they say) laid down the limit to invention, and everything new must be wrong. Conservative content has for several thousand years been the re- lgion of Chipa. For that reason they have shat up every avenue from the outer world. For any native to leave the country, or any foreigner to enter it, was death by the law. The nation walled itself up in the | bliss of ignorance. Nothing that they could see or | be told could benefit them, even if it were not a crime to learn it. ‘This lasted up to 1842, when the war with Great In that year two things were proved to all intelligent Chinese:—First, that they were not invincible ; secondly, that after the most rigid researches in the books of their sages, no au- | thority whatever for the ships which steamed up their rivers to go against wind and tide, and without | eoils, could be found. Yet, there they were, darting about uncer perfect control, “fire devils as they were.” Neither had their classics accounted for a great mavy other things which our army and navy introduced to their notice. Did they dream, or were their sages wrong? The Jatter conviction is slowly stealing on them. The events of the past year have proved that what we showed to the Chinese on that occasion was not shown in vain. It would have been a miracle if the steamboat, improved fire arms, and other astonish- ing Westein inventions, had been exhibited to an L peony without their finding out that their had erred in not providing better for the future. They have manifestly, during the last ten years, been losing faith in the infalibility of their auciezt wise men. Add to this, the govern- ment baving become embarrassed for money, has departed mere glaringly than his predecessors had done (for the lave of China were never exempt from the great evil of evasion) from the honest plan of pro- moting merit, ana heal hed the pernicious abuse of telling officee. Meanwhile the extreme pressure of Populstion me¢ting diminished means of existence, ard both happening coincidently with the discovery of gold on the ops orite coasts of the Pacific, induced vast numbers ot Chinese to break their law by emi- grating. Discontent and disorganization have been the natural consequences of these events, and auy 8 1t of rebels have been welconed— whether members of the Lriad or Lily secret societies, the banditti from the western mountainous districts, or the half Chris- tian leader, who has headed and is evidently conso- idating the revolt. Of coufee it is the duty of the British, as of every other European g ivernment, to look on in silence; but whatever be the ultimate resnlt of the rebellion, tue Celestial Dragon’s eye is opened, and he will be no loiger coutented with the sleepy existence he has been jeading for the last three thousand years. The prospect, therefore, of the opening up of a new field of commerce, extending over one-twelfth of the habi- table globe—with one-third of the human species —hitherto shut out from us, ought to be used for the sdvantage of the entire commercial world, more wisely than a similar opportunity was used in 1842. Duing the throes of war, foreign trade must be crippled, but when is restored between the contending parties, on whatever terms, the advan- tage must on the side of commerce—and of Chriationity also. The present insurrection is but the expression of the deep convictions of ihe best and most Fost haan among the Chinese people. ‘Ibe barriers by which Buropean enlightenment, Christian and recular,i has been so long dammed out, have been broken away, and are flooding the country with a light and knowledge that are swamp- ing the nations! prejudices and overweening pride which have endured for three thousand years. The existence of a political system that does not provide for change is no longer practicable. Chinese insti- tutions, changelees a8 have been for so many ast ages, are an anachrovism and bg egg hh this age. To ita other glories, fore, this epoch will add, we are |, the glory of hav- ing won over to great spiritual and temporal truths, the largest, the most jul, most learned (so tar as their lights lead them,) and wealthiest sec ion of the great Avistic population. SINGULAR INFORMATION RELATIVE TO TH! PRETUNDER TO THK CHINESE TERONR—IS Hy A MANOR A bia Oe the London Athenwam, Out. 7 \ ¥ , I omg ‘gah, fos a Low mare dati at ome some now facté—or rather received; and, secondly, because Mr, is 40 pleasant an antegonist that it isa wholesome exercise to ex- change a few passes with him. The authors of the work translated by Mr. Oxen- ford could not bave a better defender than that gen- tleman. Still I cannot ayoid saying that there is amp’e proof that they had a want of information oa the subject, which should have caused them to hesi- tate before giving their account of the Chinese in- surrection to the world. As I said in my former letter, I am confident in my case, and I kuow that others possessed long since an amount of inteiligeoce on this matter which evidently had not reached MM. Cullery and Yvan when they penned the pages in uestion. 2 Some importavt details respecting the organiza- tion of the secret societies of the Chinese, which correspond in substance with the facts gives in my contribution of the week before last, were commu- nicated to the British government in the early part ot May Jast, by a gentleman now in the country, who hao watched the ‘“I"héen Te’ movement very utten- tively for twenty years. As the question will by this time have become the subject of official or semi- official investigation in China, the next Overland Mail may dispel all mys But there ought not now to be any mystery connected with the uatter, as the clue bas long beea accessible to those who took the tronble to consult the time-honored works of Brittb philologists. But, setting asice aothority, one strong argument against the probability of an individual named Tien- te baving recently existed in China, is this :—The name, from having bees so long known as the dis- tinctive appellation of a society for the promotion of systematic rebellion, bas become synouy‘aous with “high treason”’—or if applied to an individual, it would be understood as ‘arch traitor.’ No parent would be likely to bestow such a name on hia chiid— which might cause the infant to be strangled by the fisst publis officer who heard it pronounced ; nor is it tobe supposed that a pretender to the throne would assume a title which would imply that he was @ usurper. ‘ & The mistake into which Mr. Meadows has fallen wl scon be cleared up—and he may console hinself as not being the first Eurcpean official who has beea imposed on by the quick-witted Chinese; but the c rcumstances which have led MM. Callery and Yvan o indorse and publish the error of Mr. Meadows, are not to my mind quite so clear. I will sed a few notes on Mr. Oxenford's commu- nication of last week:—taking the paragraph seriat m, —and premising that 1 have not seen MM. Callery ard Yven’s Bock! but oply the extracts from it and the remarks thereon which appeared in the Arhe- naum of the 10th ultimo. In so doing, I shall in:ert @ few extracts from a letter, or letters, in the China Mail ot the 22d of July, sent tu me from Hong Kung since I wrote to you on the subject,—aud whish ex tracts clearly show to my mind that Mr. Meadows and others in the neighborhood are beginning to see the errors into which they have been drawn. Tai-ping and Hanng-sieoutsiuem may or may not be the came individual. The question has nothing to do with the main point at issne, namely, whether “ Tidn Té is aman or a mytu.” I believe that Tai- ping, like Tién Ve, is not a name, but a title given to the new dynasty. The writer in the China Mul says:— the present style of this régime is: “Tien Wang or Tien chin of the 'T’ni-p'in K i.e, Heaven's King of the Heavenly Dynasty of the Great Peace Heavenly Country. | The paper of the late Dr. Milne, Principal of the Anglo Chinege College, “ On the Secret Associations | of the Chinese,” which was communicated to the Royal Asiatic Society by the late Rev. Dr. Morrison, | in February, 1525, and which was published in the | firet volume of the Society’s Transactions, shows that atthat time “ 1’hee Té” was the name by which | the Secret Aseociation or Triad Society of the Chinese was known to students of Chinese literature. The | paper of the late Dr. Gutzlaff on the same sudjest, | which is published in the Journal of the A:iatic So- | ciety fer 1 establishes the connection between the I’heen Te or Triad Assoziation of Dr. Milne, and | the secret associations then existing in China, whose ' chief object was ‘“ the overthrow of the Mantchoo | and the restoration of the Ming;” and their hostility to the reiguing dynasty is shown by the offers they mace to assist the British forces in their operations agninstthe Chinese government. Dr. Milne correctly states in bis paper (é8 240) that “‘the name (of the association) is not expressed on the seal, and hesce it is difficult to ascertain it with certainty.” To this | I may add that “‘T’héen Te” is a probibited term ; among the members of the association, and cannut | be pronounced in their presence withou’ causing a | shudder, although it is the name by which the a-so- | ciation is generally known to strangers. The name is also frequentiy applied by Chinese who are not | members, and by other members, to mysterious indi- | viduals who are known to be connected with the association. Residents at Singapore during 1850 and 1851 will remember a deranged Obinese who was in the habit of stulking about the streets, occa- sional/y stopping short to apostrophise some imagi- nary object in the any This man was said to have Jost his senses through his connection with the secret associations, and the name by which he was com- n.ouly known among the Indian and Malayan iaha- bitants was “heen Te.” The writer in the China Mail, quoted above, in narrating his interview with one of the rebels, Bays: first, as the Northern King did to Mr. T. Meadows nking, denied there ever was such a pers n or title n-tib; but when confronted with the evideace of its ing been wed in the proclamations from Nanking and Amey, he admitted there had been such a leder; and that, while he dic not know whether it was true or not, he bad beard that to excape being captured, he had jumped into a well in Kwangsi ard was drowned. He did not know who composed their books, but supposed that they were approved conjointly by all the five leaders styled Kings. He stated that Shangti hwui_was ased in common with Tien ti hwui, San-hoh hwui, Hung-kia, as a deriguation of their fratertity. It was adopted to conceal that they were the San hoh hwui, and because Shang-ti was explained to be ‘‘Three in One.’? Hung Siu-tsiuen has been the acknowledged head of the Hung kia for many years. He was formerly styled Yih-ko, or First Brother. Yang Siutsing was styled Rh ko, or Second Brother ; and Liau Ch’au-kwo was styled San-ko, or Third Brother. This agrees with the -tatement made by Dr. Milne in his arti- cle on the Third Society, in relation to the government of the fraternity, that it was committed to three brethren, sty led respectively First, Second, and Third Brother. See “Chinese Repository,”” vol. xiv. p. 61. These designa- re tions were continued till 1350, when Hunz Siu- tsiuen was entitled in addition to the tile ‘Tai ping Wang, Chin.chu, or True Lord, which title is given. to him in “ The Book of Celestial De- crees,”’ in a line of poetry,thus translated by the Rey. Dr. | Medburst. ‘Heaven has sent down your King to be a true Sovereign,’ or Lord. The others were respectively styled Fastern King and Western King. They were driven to commence the insurrection by the interferencé of the Mandar ins, before they had secured as many adherents to the Shang 'ti fraternity as they had desired. The point on which he most heritated was in reference to T’ien tin. At first, he rather evaded the question about the identity of the ‘Shang-tihwui with the San-hoh hwui. But when I essed him with the Triad sign he had given me in his letter as a proof of his true character, and the word Hung in the Amoy sea, he broke through his reserve, and was then as free in answering the questions in relation to it as any others, If MM. Callery and Yvan had perused with atten- tion the works of the British authorities on Chinese hurst, and the well digested contributions of Gutz- laff—their ‘History of -the Chinese Insurrection" would probably have bcen of greater velue than it is asa bock of raference. It is possible that the per- son shown to them as ‘Tidnté,” may have been a descendant of the Ming, as such descendants are said to be numerous in all the southern provinces of the empire, and nearly every rebel is supposed to have one or more members of the Ming family in its rauks. Indeed, it is anticipated that the rival pretensions of these aspirants will occasion more trouble in settling the new dynasty than the mere expulsion of the Tartars will be likely to create. wil] take the liberty to refer Mr. Oxenford again to the highest authorities on the sabject—namuly, Doctors Milne avd Morrison—in support of my rea- dering of the term Titn-Te. My remarks have extended over a greater space thao I intended; but [ trust that they wili not be unacceptable, as helping to throw some light upon ope of the most remarkable struggles recorded in the history ef contending dynasties. % CPLESTIAL VIRTCE, OR HEAVEN AND HARTH. Since the date of the letter which you were kind encugh to insert in the Athenaeum of the 24th inst, Ichanced to meet a gentleman who bas bestowed great attention on the Chinese language. Couversa- ticn turned on the vexuta questio of Titn-te and his name; and the inquiries which I made produced a highly interesting letter, of vhich I send you a copy. having the writer’s permission so to do. You w if observe that he says “‘tuh’ where MM. Callery and Yvan seem to indicate “tay,”—but both are alike different from <‘tee.”” Yours, &c. q (Copy.) Dear Sim—On referring to my dictionary I find the cha- racter} pronounced “tuh,’” and meaning primarily “power” or “faculty,” and then derivatively “ virtue”? (compare the derivation of our own ‘“‘virtae’’ from “vir- tus,’’ itself from “vir,’’ and atill more Tugend from tangsn. ‘The charactor for earth (terra) is pronounced “tee.!! Confucius says, in the ‘Choong Young" (the invariable mean) C, XVII. speaking of the Emperor Shun— tub virtue J. Oxanrorp. wy = fuit sbing = wanctua Yin’ == homo That ie—by his virtue he was equal to a saint. Yours tr ¥ W. W. GARTHWAITE. The Harthquake at Thebes. 178 DRRADFUL S8FFECTS DETAIL The correspondent of the London News furnishes the following melancholy but yy nang of the effect of the recent ear at t— In my recent ication, (Athens, Sept. 7,) respecting the disastrous shock of juake felt at Thebes om the 18th of August, I sup) as muoh hones as the Prevailing Ra hel would al- low me to authenticate collect. Believing be desirous to know that the Maglish public will aaa matters—Milne, Staunton, Morrison, Davis and Med-- sarenigatn ant | wt, toro terrestgal shocks, 60 feeble that ot the inhabitants of Thebes were not sensible of them, announced the catastrophe which was shortly to follow. The weather was cslm, the air pure, the temperature soft and somewhat humid, the le were gay, and a!l contributed to augment the éclat of the religious fes- tival which was to be celebrated, when suddenly, at hali-past 11, a terrible noise, fcllowed immedintel by a violent trembling, filled the inhabitants mon f alarm. The people, not knowing what -to do, ran out of their houses or jumped out of their windor The continuance of the trembling of the soil, the noise of falling houses, avd the thick clouds of'dust which rapidly enveloped the whole town, increased the prevailing terror. Che most dismal wailings were heard from all points, and by a general instiact the people ran out of the town. When the violence of the trembling had ceased, and the cloud of dast was dissipated, the inhabitante took courage and retorned to ascertain the extent and results of the terrible phenimenon which they had witnessed. It was found that all the houses of the town of Thebes and of the faubourg of Peri had been rendered un- inbabitable. Many of them had been entirely des- troyed, and covered the remains of their formor ooptnany. Some of the churches were prostrate ; of others, the walls presented immense yawning gaps. The great aqnecuct of the town was considerably injured, allowing the water to escape at many points, and all the fountains were rendered muddy fur {our and twen'y bours. The principal shosk was succeeded by several others during the same and the following day. Citt- geps worthy of credit enumerate more than twenty which were felt on the night of the 19th-20th August. Op the 20th also the government commis- sioner ccun’ed six shocks, whish were percptible between half-past three in tae afternoon and ten in the evening. On the 21st another shock proved the" eontinued activity of the disturbing force. It was vbrerved that the loudness of the subterranean noise was also in direct retio with the streagth of the shock which followed it. Yo believe the statements of persons who allege that they verified the fact by watching the falling of stones from the reeling houses, the impulse of the shock was always perpendicular. In point of fact, all the houses feil directly on their foundations, with- out inclining to any particular point of the compass, Its worthy of note that no disengagement of cas was remarked, neither apy sinking or rapture of the soil; no new springs were exposed, nor were those crete existing diminished. Such is the account given by Dr. Orpbandis, a physician of Beotia, in his report to the goverment. The Prefect of the same province says that he can without hesitation determine the locality affected by the shock to be the extent of country terminated on the north by Mouut Atlante, on the east by the Gulf of Eubcea, on the south by the river Asopus, and on the west by Lake Copias. The central point of the impulse, or that at which it was felt with greatest force, was Mount Ptoo; under which is a gulf of Lake Copias; in there rocks of considerable magni- tude bave been detacbed and thrown down. It appears that so lately as the 27th ult. the earth we such signs of uneasiness that the ivhabitants ad no heart for attempting to restore the town. The Thebes ot to day is a modern town. It was so ruined in the war of independence that scarcely ove stone was left upon ancther. Its reconstraction dates from 1833. At the present moment there is not a house lef; uninjured, hundreds have fallen, and the rain is not atanend. The government has sent aid in money, tents, medicive avd doctors. Eleven corpses bave been taken out of the rains, The bodies bore no trace of wounds or other mirks of viclence, and the physicians suppose that the de- ceased died of asphyxia. Nineteen persons were dvg out alive, and are doing well. Intermittent fever bas been very prevalent since the catastrophe. The extent of the mischief done to the buildings of Thebes cannot yet be stated with statistical exac- titude, but considering the superior density of its populetion, some idea of the terrible character of the disaster may be gained from. the returns of damage done to the neigaboring communes. In the comm une of Platée, two churches, @ church tower and sixteen houses have fallen. In the com- mune of Aulyde, two churches and twenty- three houses ‘have fullen, aud those which remain bang in the air. In the com mune of Akrefnion twelve houses have fallen and two churches have been laid open. A rovk de- tached from a mountain near Kokin», in this com: mune, rolied down to the Meni where fortunately it stopped. In the commune of Thespiens, the ham- let of Morokambo has been completely obliterated. At Erimocastro the dwellings of sixty families have been laid in ruins. In the commune of Tan: twenty-six houses have been destroyed. These fig- ures ure irrespective of numberless houses rent twain, many of them from roof to floor. It is need- less to say that years must elapse before the havoc made in the district can be repaired. Indeed, it is doubtful whether any resource but emigration toa more solid terrain remains to its inhabitants, The Grape Disease in Europe. {From the London Chronicle, sept. 11.) There i: nothing more curious. if it be regarded only as a philosophical speculation, than the rise, progress and decsy of diseases thecaselves—why it is that they seem to run an appointed cycle, and then to heve exhausted their virulence and to die out. The leprosy, the scourge of the middle ages, is well wigh extinct; of the sweating sickness there is no other standing memorial than a rubric in the English Prayer Book; smalJpox, thouzh struggling hard for existence, will soou be numbered with the things that were; and Fracastor’s celebrated Ty abundantly proves that the plague he calobested has lost much of its malignity. On the other haad, con- sumption, almost unknowh to former ages, yearly mows down its tens of thousands; and cholera hag taken the place of the plague and of the black death in Europe. These, no doubt, will run their course in like mavner, avd leava fresh diseases—such as we ourselves have seen the influenza—to exercise the skill of future physicians, and to carry off their yet aaa peer ith plants, In tht 4s it is with man,go wi nts. In this sense, also, old Homer tells the truths As ia the race of leaves, so that of man.”’ The potato disease we have chronicled year after year. bf may not, by the by, be geverally known that all the horrors of an Irish famine have been suffered in Gallicia from this cause. The ines part of the riches of the church of Com- postella has been devoted to ita relief, and has proved but a drop in the ocean. But the grape die ease—as direstly affecting the interests of half Ku- Tope, as cutting away the only support of huadreds of thousands—is of far more fatal consequence, and will hereafter be considered, unless some means can be discovered for its cure, one of the great scourges of the century, Those who are interested—and who that can feel for human misery is not interested ’—in the question, have now ample opportunity of examiving the dis- ease in our own English vines. A collection of spe- cimens of this new scourge lies before us as we write, selected in different stages of the complaint, and exhibiting its various phases, The latter may, on the whole, be reduced to two. The more ordinary appearance presented may be thus described. The upper part of the leaf rises in well defined conical blisters, in the very earliest instance without any change of matter, whether above or below them. This is the first stage, and lasts bu: a few hours, Gradually, within the cavity of the pustules, a fungus is formed, at first of the color of deal sawdust, but (ari egt reddening and darkening. By degrees this fills the whole blister, the exterior appearance of the leaf remsining na changed; and this is the second stage. Ix the third, confluence of the pustules commences—generally, at the edge of the leaf furthest from the stalk; the fun- gus becomes of a brown red; the exterior of the cavity assumes a copper or purple hue; and the tis- aue of the leaf begins to perish. Finally, the whole interior is covered with fungus, & rasty matter forms on the exterior, the edge of the leaf slits ap aad cran- bles, and the whole leaf falls to pieces. The other phase is at all events less offensive to the eye, onal eanaly fatal to the plant. It com- mences by appearance of browa or purple blotches on the upper side of the leaf. Tho edges curl up as if they bad been burnt. The blotches spread penetrate tho tissue of the leaf, become brit- ie, split oe and the whole drops to pieces. A cob- wel-like film, in both cases, frequently covers the under surfece of the leaf. On the grape itself the whitish mildew has usually formed when it is of the size of 6 small se The epore extends itself with great mpidity by radiating Glaments; they merely attach themselves, withont penetrating the cutiole; the upper part rises, roands itself, ripens, and is sar- tied tf to some otber grape where it can fractify, No wonder that this disease should have attracted the notice of the most eminent naturalists and prac- ical men. In Germany, Professor Moh'; in l'ranoe, Louis Leclerk; in Portugal, Mr. Forrester; in ttaly, Professor Saginuette; and in Englond, Mr, Broke don, (the latter in hia very ivteresting lecture before the Royal Institution,) have all treated the subject. It was in the spring of 1845 that this fangus first made its appearence ina hothouse at Marga'e. By a somewhat ambiguous compliment to the gar- denver who firet noticed it, Mr. B. Lucker, it has re- ceived the name of the Odum Tucker, In 1847 it reached France, For three years it retu with increasing violence, but still not exciting any reat alarm, till, in 1851, its ravages created a panic both there and in Italy. It spread aloog the Ligu- rian const to Naples; it came back through the [yrol, devastating Switzerland, and touching Baden; it extended itself acroes the Illyrian States to Hi it coasted Mediterranean Spain to Malaga; it ent Algeria, the Archipelago, and Syria; but {ta most fa. tal ravages were reserved for Madeira. There, wbcre the rey is always extreme, and where thé ‘vinis are the oniy resource, the is perfectly frignt- fol; the oniy staple of the island is rained; a7.d what is to become of its 120,000 inhabitants is pa’, human Portugal itself, it may be hoped, will ot thi f 8 year suffer thy ngh it nost i mony, 'Thovivtage 0 ue tt Boar