The New York Herald Newspaper, October 21, 1853, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD, | JAMES GORDON BENNET®, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, BPPio€ K. W. CORNER OF FULTON AWD MASEAD pre, TERME cosh in vcvance, agit BBE DAILY HERALD? conte pe t WEEKLY HERALD every ony 70 tof te copy, or $8 ver axinum; the European © - fo any part of Great birsoin, and 8 te Pi to melude postage LETTERS by mail for Subscriptions, or # sith Adver to be post-paid. or the postage will be dav Leted from remitted. UNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, conty ining impor: sews, solicited from any quarter of the wor! 4: (fused will i] paid for. RB V0n FORKION COB ansronDENre QRE FAKTIOULARLY REQUKATED TOAEAL AL LLerreny AuD Pacrages sane vs. NO NOTICE taken of anonymous commur ications. Wede ‘sot return those rejected JOB PRINTING executed with neame s, cheapness and ateh “Dyer TISEMENTS renewed ewery ¢ ay. —————— .-Me. 393 Voimme XVILI AMUSEMENTS THIS & ENING. @EBTROPOLITAN HALL—JvLLe zy's Concent. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery -Vencnant or Vertce —Dovess. BROADWAY THERA? Pappy Caky—In A on. Bre .dway—Diom, OU or PLace—| BIBLO’S, Brostway— BURTON’S THEATKE, Parenpss 7? 1nis anv Lor MATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham mreet—Umciuz You's Osan. m Chambers street—Txx Two WALLAOK’S THEATR Twe Can Px at Txat Gane Busse pein ay i AMERICAN MUSEU 4—Anernoon—Puxrourxen -Do- | tanetic Boosomy, EVs! \ing~Oio foLus ar Home, FRANCONY’S HIF’ CODROME—Sreerie Cwasr—Ona wror Racine, &c- 4! tornoon and Evening. JHRISTW’S AMEF ICAN OPERA HOUFR, 47] Brosé- Way—ErmioriaN Mey Opies py Cunisry’s Ormia TRovre. FOOD'S MINSTY .EL'S, Wood's Musical Mall, 460 Brosd- Wer Ermorian Y cxareers. QUCKLEY’S ‘7 PERA HC » 838 Broadway—Bocs- nae Ernsroriaty Orena TRO BANVARD’S GEORAMA, 696 Broadway--Pasonaua oF gas Uo. Lar. SGADEMY HALL,"668 Broadway—Sueerine Max, WHENISU GALLERY, 663 Broodway—Day and Eveuiug. GGNOR BLITZ—Srovvrsanr Inemitese. dway—Franwanetane Pawo- SEINEST ROOMS, 859 Broadway—Pennan's Girt Bx- wumrvion O7 THE Sevew Mire MinROR. FOWELL’S GREAT NATIONAL PAINTING vor MENT 18 NOW OPEN AT THE NATIONAL ACADEX' 663 Broadway. Mew Yerk, Friday, Octeber 21, 1853. Mails for Burope. ‘THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD, tee Dnitea States mail steamship Franklin, Captain Mes, will leave this port at noon to-morrow, for South- ‘ampton and Havre. @ubsoriptions and advertisement fer any edition of the Pew Yous Hens will be received at the following places % Berope — Lsvmrooi—John Hunter, No, 2 Paradive street. Losvon—Edwards, Sanford & Co., Cerabill. Wm. Thomas & Co., No. 19 Catherine street, Pamm—Livingston, Wells & Co., § Place de la Bourse, B. H. Revoil, No. 17 Rue de la Banque. ‘We Faropean mails will close at hbalf-past ten e’clock > ae the morning ‘The Wary Henry will be published et half-past nine @elock to-morrow morning. Single copies, in wrappers, amyence. The News. * The free soilers of Boston held their ratification last night, when resolutions were adopted @edlaring uncompromising hostility to: the Fugitive Slave law, and a determination to continue the con- test until they aequire the control of the federal government. The Vermont Legislature bas not yet made choice of a Governor of that State. It is stated thit the democrats in the House, upon the final vo‘e for Speaker, went over in a body to the free soilers, with- out previous arrangement, fearing the latter would ferm a coalition with the whigs. Returns from forty counties in Pennsylvania give a majority of sixteen thousand for the demzcratic State ticket. The remaining counties wil! probably imerease the majority to twenty five thousand. The panic in the stock market is unabated, and a farther @eline in prices was submitted to yesterday. Breadstoff: also decline’. Pork was in less request and lower. Freights remained firm. The letter of our correspondent, dated at Para, (Brazil,) upon the 19th ultimo, wil! be read vith much imterest, as it contains an account of the progress of ‘one of the vessels employed in the Amazon explor- ing expedition from the time of her departure from New York up to the period of her arrival in the above port. When within twelve miles of her destination, the vessel was run upon a sharp ironstone reef, through the ignorance of the South American pilot, ‘and she would have gone to pieces were it not for the exertions of the commander and crew. The pilot ran dway when he got on shore. Our letters from Bermuda are to the 12th in- stant. They contain distressing accounts of the wavages of the fever, which had assumed the char- acter of a plague, and had baffled the skill of the medical men. The disease had made sad havoc ‘among the orphan children of deceased soldiers. Major Oakley had assumed the government, having recovered from illness. Dates from Vera Cruz to the 8th inst. have come to hand. The news is animportant. The Jesuits are re-established in Mexico. Gen. Arista intends witnessing the war between Turkey aud Russia. Through the defalcation of their cashier the Sisters of Charity have been rendered bankrupt—their ebte amount to several hundred thousand dollars. Our files from St. Johns, N.F., are to the 6th inst., ba do not contain any intelligence of special interest. A report of the doings of the Episcopal Conven- tion yesterday, will be found in another part of to- @ay's paper, likewise the continuation of the trial in the Circuit Court of the person charged with cansing the calamity to the steamboat Henry Clay. The catile show of the American Institute was well attende) yesterday, and presented an tmproved appearance when compared with the opening day Last night the annual address before the Iostitate was delivered by Williaa H. Seward, at the Taber sacle, of which a fal! report is given else vhere. The Fair cloves on Wednesday next, whea the distriba tion of prewiums will take place. The atrocious murder of Catharine Quigley, at Ja maice, L. 1., still continues to be the theme of con » Vervation. The positive perpetrators of the crime are yet andiecovered. The evidence taken before the court up to the last adjournment will be found ip another column. Galveston dates to the |'th imet. report the yellow fever on the decline. ‘The canals in the Cumberland coal region are in bad order, and bot little can be done until after a fall of rain. The boiler of the #toamboat McDaniel expl ded on the 12th inst , at the mouth of the Missisipp!, kill- ing four persons and wounding s veral others. ‘The Tennessee Legivatore ballotted for a United States Benator yesterday, bat without effecting a cholce. The third ballot stood— Hell 29, Henry 14, Belson 12, Cave Johnson 40. Johnson's name was then withdrawn. Brevet Brigadier (General Childs, of the regular army, died at Tampe Bay, of yellow fever, on the Sth inst. He served with distinction i2 Mexico. Our readers are referred to our inside pages for re- ports of the Law Coarte, Coroner's Inquests, City and Police Intelligence, Theatrical and Musical Af. Jam, Commercial aud Pinanctal news, &c. The New Jerwy Bdncational Convention com mom 04 its se-siou at Trenton, yesterday, Gov. Fort previd. "g- The gricultural State Pair of North Carolina «rwd yeeter day. “Th attendance was very large. Hon. D. M. Barrioger, Jate Minister ty Spein, is BE bor Le Lore roy @ Norte Caroling The Richmond Enyntrer oe the Cabe | The Richmond Engwirer, after occupying for some tbe position of a mere spectator of dissensions the democratic par@ of i on wt of aa this § bas at length made the poluts at issue, and pr administration. It coincidence tate up ite yowBees UA may be potteed, that determinat on with the appointment the eurlons this ‘taneous was nearly sim by the present Cabinet f John Y. Mason, of ginia. to the embassy to France. Whether “e two events had or bad net any secret om with cach other, the course taken by the Richmond Enguirer, at this crisis, can* | not bat be regarded as a matter of moment. Its | age. standing give peculiar weight to its opinions at any time. They de- | rive especial significance at the present moment | from the ripened prospect of a renewal of hos | tilities between Nerth and South, and the con- firmed incapacity of the government to calm | the troubled waters. Accustomed, much more commonly than the Washington press, to speak the true sentiments of the South, the Richmond Enquirer was not unreasonably expected to assume @ position analogous to that into which the recent policy of the government, in reward ing traitors and promoting free soilers te office, cannot fail to drive our Southern fellow citi- zens.® e These expectations have been disappointed. | In its issue of the 18th, it says, in allusion to antagonism of the New York bunkers to the administration :— } | It is natural that they should feel a little jealous | | of the favor which the administration bestows on their adversary, and should manifest some excess of passion in a conflict with men whom they regard with the utmost animosity. But that the veteran democracy of New York contemplate a rupture with | the administration, and treachery to Ve pm, is a} suggestion which does equal injustice to their honor and their good sense. It isidle to say that"a man can keep faith with the party,and yet array himself among the enemies of the administration. As long as the adminietration is true to the principles of the democratic party, it has a claim on the confidence and support—on the allegiance—ot every loyal democrat. We may take exception to unimportant acts, and possibly we may not approve of every executive pero ye but that man is already a traitor and only awaits an op- portunity to desert the party, who goes over to the opposition on the first frivolous pretext. It is difficult to say whether the tone or the matter of this extract -be the more extraordi- nary. True, right minded men in this State “regard with the utmost animosity” the fac- tions that are plotting mischief to the country and ruin to the South; but did it lie in the mouth of a Southerner to charge them with the feeling as a crime ?—to acknowledge frankly that the administration “bestows favor” on the party whose aim it is todissever the Union, and with mock gentleness to style the disgust with which true men regard such tampering with traitors, “ jealousy?” Here we have had a set of men conspiring in broad daylight, for the last six or seven years, to spread strife through the country, and make war upon the South. Five years ago these men took the field under a special flag of their own, and by their defection caused the defeat of the party to which they belonged. Their waich- word, their motto, was; war against slavery and destruction to the Southern institutions. From that day to this they have never wavered ahair’s breadth in their opinions and designs. They are this day as steadfast and as resolute in their treason as they were in 1848. Well, the election of last year comes on. General Pierce is presented everywhere as the man of the Union, a foe to disunionists, and the firm friend of the South. On this ground, and on this ground only. he is elected by the people. Had their wishes been understood and carried out, the whole band of Northern and Southern agitators would have been swept to the winds in aj few weeks. Cut off remorselessly from the spoils, they would have repented by the dozens in sackcloth and ashes, and after a proper period of repentance, might have been again admitted into the ranks of good citizens. But the very reverse was the course pursued. No sooner was the election over than the great secret of Gen. Pierce's success was forgotten. A platformcon- | structed at Baltimore by nameless politi | character @ ans, | for private ends—and so conveniently devised, | that white and black, unionists and secessionists, loyal men and traitors of every shade could stand upon it side by side—is substituted for the natural dictates of reason and patriotism. | Not an inch further than this platform can the administration see. The caucus meeting at | Baltimore is the only country they know. All | who can endorse its resolutions—and that man’s position must be very peculiar who could not-— | are received with equal favor, and loaded with equal honors. Northern free soilers, Southern secessionists, traitors of whatever order, stamp | or calling, are summoned to the national feast, and greeted with impartial welcome by a go- | vernment which owed its existence to the | popular horror of treason. Peace, peace, con- | ciliation, forgiveness and peace, is the pusi nimous ery of the administration; to gain pe principle is uphesitatingly sac +. Tt was the natural indignation which this | policy aroused among honest men in this State, which caused the division in the democratic party to which the Enquirer refers. The men whom it calls “ deserters” and “ tors,” and admonishes in so paternal a strain, are those who, knowing the antecedents and the abiding purpose of the free soil and other disunionist factions, and rightly iaterpreting the national verdict of last November, refused to join the administration in betraying the country and rewarding agitators; and resolutely set their faces against the sacrifice of national principle, and the disregard of Southern rights, at the bidding of any set of jobbing politicians whatever. These men are not to be blinded by Baltimore platforms or democratic conventions. They know that above all these stands the great duty of preserving the Union; and to this, and this only do they cling. There is no “treason” or “desertion” in this, Those terms are more truly applicable to those who, having risen to power on the faith of supposed loyalty to the nation, have since foresworn that sentiment, and do not even profess anything beyond loyalty to ® platform: and those, who, entrusted with the grave duty of crushing disunion, and restoring harmony to the country, adopt the very surest means of promoting the one and for ever destroy- ing the other. The Enquirer further says :— It is idle to discriminate between the President and his Cabinet, and to protest our devotion to him while we make war on his confidential advisers. He and his Cabinet are one. Their acts are his acts— their sentiments are his rentiments. A blow at them «tikes him, and we must prostrate the President be- pul we can reach those who but follow whither he We have no doubt that the Enquirer and the party it speaks for would wish to have the people adopt this view. They will not how- ever. They know their own system of govern- ment far too well to confound the President with his Cabinet. Two more essentially dis- tinet and separate branches of the administra- tive organization cannot be pointed out. The . ——s — ‘ RO UE ET LTS AT at aT for acts which can provoke an impeachment; the other may be dismissed at any moment, and is reeponsible to the President for every act in each separate department. Under the United States constitution, the Cab'net is bound to rule the country well; it does not, it can be dismissed, and another ap- pointed in its stead. The President, on the other hand, is bound—not to rele direetly— but to appoint a Cabinet that will do so, and to dismiss that Cabinet when it fails to fulfil its duty. The people have no right to assail the President until be plainly refuses to perform | this act when it is obviously required: until: then, the Cabinet is the proper mark for remon- strance. Attempts on the part of the latter to identify itself with the President, are as cow- ardly and unmanly as personal attacks against the President for the faults of his administration. That the Enquirer should seek to shield Marey, Davis and Guthrie under the cloak of the President, is, however, only natural, Hay- ing abandoned principle and truth in one in- stance, the transition to another was easy. In fac to enlist its sympathies on the side of the free il agitators of the North than to pervert the constitution. It has done both. We will not yet, in view of its fifty years of faithful service, denounee the Richmond Enquirer as a traitor to the South; but let it beware. It is rapidly reaching the black gulf The approaching crisis is a new and a momentous one ; much depénds on the part it takes in the aff of the present Cabinegduring the next few months. At the next session of Congress, applications will be made to admit New Mexico and the southern portion of California into the Union as slave States. How will this proposal be received by the Cabinet? How by the Znguirer? Howby the revived anti-slavery Van Buren party of the North, just set on its legs by Marcy, Guthrie, Davis and Cushing? The Cabinct and our Collector—Which Is to got Between the Cabinet and our Collector the issue is now fairly and squarely made up. One er the other must go out. Our collector modestly defers to his superiors. He is await- ing the action of the Cabinet and the decision of General Pierce thereon. If the President, in the exercise of his good judgment, should de- cide against the expediency of removing the Judge, then it will be the duty of Marcy, Guthrie and Davis, at. all-events, to resign. They can have no otber alternative. Our Col- lector must be removed, or they must leave. The issue is as plain as daylight. Which is to go? The Cabinet are very much mistaken if they suppose that we are anxiously laboring for their immediate discharge. Nothing of the kind. As far as we are concerned, we rather desire their retention for twelve-or eighteen months longer; because we think that for a year or a year and a half to come, they will supply cash capital to the newspapers too .good to be thrown away. We are, however, prepared to bow to the judg- ment of the President, if from the pressure of public opinion, he shall consent to a change in his ministry a little before or shortly after the meeting of Congress. But ina practical newspaper point of view, we should prefer the retention of Marcy and Guthrie and the re- moval of Bronson. The reason is obvious at a glance. The removal of the Collector would give a most surprising. exciting and tremen- dous agitation to the civil war now raging among the New York democracy. It would bring the battle to “charge bayonets” between the Cubinet and the Van Buren free soilers on the one hand, and the national democrats, all over the country, on the other. It would fur- nish us a constant supply of materialsfor the | Most pungept, spicy and popular articles that we have had since the days of John Tyler. The rush now for the Heratp is beyond our present | capacities of supply; but remove our Collector, | and we shall be compelled te establish a branch | of our establishment in Boston, Philadelphia and Baktimore, before a month is over. It wil) be the only way in which we ean possibly sup- ply the public demands for an authentic, gra- phic and independent history of the war, before the scenes and behind the scenes, in the Cabinet and in the kitchen cabinet, up stairs and down stairs, and in every hole and corner, from the White House at Washington to the eoal hole of Tammany Hal). When the war fairly broke out between the whig party and General Taylor’s Cabinet, we had counted upona very lively time for eighteen | months or so. We knew that General Taylor had pluck, and that when he took his stand he would be battered to pieces before he would budge a peg. We knew that from Buena Vista. We also saw that Clayton had pluck, and we thought that the good old President and Clay- ton would stick together till it thundered; and | we made our calculations accordingly. Put the | honest old soldier died, and his Cabinet were dispersed ; and thus our expectatiens of a pro- tracted and spirited struggle, and its rich har- vest for the newspapers, were cut short, just as the campaign was beginning to pay a premium of twenty per cent on the capital invested. Now, then, in this charming controversy be tween the Cabinet and our Collector, it is mani- fest that our policy runs in the same channel As far, indeed, as all the newspapers are con cerned, it will pay best to dismiss the Collector and retain the Cabinet, because we think that Guthrie, Marcy and company will supply plenty of ammunition and all the munitions of war for a profitable campaign of twelve, fifteen or eighteen mosths. Marcy has pluck, and a good deal of eunning, and would make an interesting fight; Guthrie evidently has pluck, of the rough and tumble, knock down and drag out Kentucky ort, and would give zest and pith to the general programme of the war; and Gen. Davis has proved himself a man of mettle and saltpetre. as well as a Southern fire-eater. We count, therefore. upon the retention of the Ca- binet and the dismiscal of our Collector, from the *‘financial and material aid” this line of po- licy will furnish to the newspapers. and espe- cially the New York Heratp. which is just in that independent and beautiful position to se- cure a monopoly of the fun. Furthermore, we have a direct and special interest in the Premier. To the New York Henaxy, without our knowledge or consent, he is indebted for his present position. It was the editor of this journal who, with- out knowing anything at all about it. made Wiliiam L. Marcy Secretary of State. It is a solemn fact. It is a phenomenon in politics. to be sure—a remarkable curiosity—but it is a fact, or what Gen. Cushing would call a ,“ fixed fact.” We have fixed it at last, and shall here- after unravel the mystery to the satisfaction of our readers. For the present, we merely men- tion it, to show that, being involuntarily respon- sible for the appointment of Marcy, we have a etrong interest in his retention. De ia ixcem ycable and isresponsible, cayept ' But the question repure, which is to go’—our ! but we had 29 monup of sepertelning what Boa it must have required a more violent effort: Collector or the Cabinet? If the Judge will not resig.o, and if the President will not remove him, what will the Cabinet do? That's the question. We shall, perhaps, have more harmony with a change in the Cabinet, but we shall have more fun with the removal of Brongon. Either the President or the Cabinet must imitate the Sul- tan, and make a declaration of war. Our Col- lector, in the meantime, like the Russians in the Turkish territories, is waiting to be driven out. Whe goes?—the Cabinet or the Collector ? Let us hear from Washington. National Democracy and the Free Sollers— Probable Strength of Parties In the Com- ing Election. There are many contingencies yet buried in the future which may wholly change the mud- dy currents of New York politics, so that any estimate now made of the power of the two rival factions is liable to be affected one way or the other by what may happen. For instance, should the free soilers contrive to get another letter out of Mr. Collector Bronson, and another still from Mr. O’Conor, to say nothing of the chances of enlarging the epistolary triumphs of Secretary Guthrie, the vote or that interest, like the old maid’s waist, would grow “small by degrees, and beautifully less,” while the nationals would soon begin to calculate the chances’ of electing their whole ticket. The latter faction are at pre- sent in the enjoyment of very excel- lent spirits. In the recent political strug- gles ot the democracy, they freely admit that they have lost all their capital, but having saved their character they fecl quite satisfied : while the free soilers, on the other hand, have lost their reputation and saved their capital. This is precisely the difference in th@pondition of thé two sections. We judge from this that both factions are content, and ought to be ; for the national democracy, though badly cheated, and suffering sadly for want of means, have the consolation of knowing that the miscarriage of their plans has been owing to the gambling propensities of their late partners ; while the free soilers, in being able to keep up their es- tablishment and to maintain favor with Gover- nor Marcy and other kindred spirits at Wash- ington, have all the respectability they can well maintain, certainly more than they have had for a few years past. That they are entirely satisfied, hewever, is more than even their con- sciences will admit. Whatever they may have done, they have, like the nationals a future as well as@ present. No manever sinks below recovery—he being the judge. The court that reads its own acts in the indictments of its cri- minals is very likely to insist that reformatien, and not punishment, is the object of the law. Such a man might well urge that amnesties are better than prisons, caresses and rewards better than the cat-o’-nine-tails, lectures better than verdicts. It is, therefore, probable that the free soilers are not altogether without their troubles, The November election is to pass upon their merits, and, like many other delin- quents hauled up for trial, though they may not lose in character, there is a possibili- ty that they will have to give up some of their present immunities, if they arg, not compelled to restore a portion of their ill-gotten gains. Meanwhile, the nationals having been sadly de- frauded, have become sharp prosecutors. They have a-double object—first, to punish the guil_ ty; and secondly, to relieve themselves from suspicion on account ef past associations with the delinquents. ‘i From this point of view, the distant reader will readily and clearly sce the exceedingly in- teresting contest we haveon hand. In order to give all possible light on the subject, we have thought proper to present tie probable strength of the oppesing sections. with the losses and gains of each. This statement we have made after a careful estimate of the bearings of the various political opinions of the voters of our State; and the probable re-organization of par ties under the influence of these opinions, which is likely to show itself in the election:— Free soil, (soft,) vote of 1848.......... 120,000 National democracy, (hard,) of 1848....... 114,000 ‘Free soil majority...................... 6,000 PROBABLE LOSSES OF THE (SOFTS,) FREE SOILERS. ‘To the Gates ticket. i ‘To the nationals Tothe whigs. Total free soil loss. . Nationals will lose to Excess of free soil losses. PROBABLE FREE On Cass vote, 1848........ Free soil majority, 1 Total gains.............. veces 26,000 FROBAPLE GAINS OF NATIONAL DEMOCRACY. Of the whig vote of 1848 25,000 Of the free soilers of 1s4s.. 7,000 000 000 = 6,000 ‘Tutal vational majority - 46,000 No allowance is here made for an increased vote; nor have we, perhaps, sufficiently credited the fact made apparent in the recent State elections, of the almost completely inordinate character of those elections, so far as parties are concerned. The national sentiment of the country is exceedingly strong, and it has been found to express itself in the increase of the vote of that section which most closely adheres to the Constitution and the Union. In this respect, the national democracy, holding an ip- dependent position, occupying strictly national ground , the open friends of the canal extension, the avowed enemies of agitators, whether of the Seward or the Van Buren stripe. have not per- Total national gain Decuct free soi! pains haps been credited with so large accessions from the old whig ranks as circumstances would seem to warrant. It may, therefore, be fair to infer that the majority of the nationals over the free soilers will be fifty thousand; to be enlarged as Mr. Secretary Guthrie shall deter- mine to keep up his epistolary labors with the Collector of New York. All this, of course, is based on the presumption that the free soilers will not withdraw their ticket, and thus again force aunion upon the national democracy; a coup de état which we learn has already been strongly urged by several of the leading and more sagacious of the free soil fraternity. IncREASE AND Decrease oF PoruLation IN New Yorx—Cvriovs axp Srartime Facts. — Our readers may remember that a law was re- cently passed by our State Legislature, making {t incumbent on the City Inspector, Dr. Down- ing, to keep a record of the marriages and births which took place in this city, and to publish a report at certain periods during the year. every one who took an interest in the laws which govern the increase of population, and it | is a subject of wonder how so important a mat- ter should have been so long overlooked. Be- fore its enactment the‘bills ot mortality, only, were published, while we were left in entire ignorance of the number of births and mar- riages—we could tell how many left the world, The necessity of this was obvious to } ber came into it. The new law has now been in operation about four months, and we are enabled this morning to present the statistics of the births, deaths, and marriages in our city during the months of July, August, and September. By reference to the tables, which will be found in another column, it will be seen that the number of births is 5,077, and of deaths 7,111, showing an actual majority of 2.034 in favor of the latter, in a period of three months. This is a startling fact, but it agrees with all past ex- perience in showing that large cities are inimi- cal to the growth of population. The great in- crease of the population of this city is owing to the immense immigration from Europe, rather than to the influx from the surrounding country. In this respect it differs entirely from European cities, which receive the supply of human life necessary to sustain their growth, almost entirely from the country. It has been proved beyond dispute, that but for this great storehouse all large cities would, in the course of time, be either entirely depopulated or reduced to the size of mere towns or villages. The congrega- tion of Jarge masses of men, women and chil- dren, in such comparatively limited spaces, cannot be otherwise than injurious and fatal to health. There are, besides, other circum- stances which must be taken into consideration in this view of the subject. The atmosphere of large cities is full of impurities, arising from unclean streets, defective systems of sewerage, manufactories, and other causes which it is needless to name. Occupations of a sedentary character are also inimical to human life. and these; it must be borne in mind, form the largest proportion of the business of our city. It would in fact, be a tedious task to enu- merate the vd¥ious causes which are constantly at work in producing this result, prominent among which are crimes of a character too horrible and revolting to name. Thecily of New York contains more than one-sixth part of the population of the whole State, and, from what we have shown, must always act as a check upon the increase of its population in proportion to its growth. Four such cities would not only check the growth, but would actually reduce the population off the whole State, were it not supplied by immigration. If we take the mortality and births of the last three months as a basis for the estimation of the whole year, we will find that for every twenty thousand births there are twenty-eight thousand deaths. According to this calculation it would take but sixty-five years to sweep off the whole population of New York. The excessive mor- tality, as we have had occasion to show from the weekly reports of the City Inspector, is among children under one year old; and the deaths among those under ten years always form more than one-half, and often two-thirds, of the whole number; yet the increase of the population of New York from 1840 to 1850 was nearly one hundred and fifty thou- sand; and if we take into the account the fact that from fifty to sixty thousand deaths over the number of births occurred during that time, we must arrive at the astounding fact that over two hundred thousand persons have emi- grated to this city in that period, and taken up their residence in it! This law of decrease bears with terribly ef- fective force on our colored population, among whom very few marriages ever take place. There are no means by which the rapid diminu- tion of their numbers can be prevented, and we would not be surprised if in less than a hundred years there should not be more than one out of every ten left. According to these tables, we a'so find that the number of males born exceeds that of fe- males, which fact, standing by itself, is of par- ticular importance to the women. But the males are exposed to a larger number of accidents, and by the time they have arriv- ed at their majority, the females outnumber them. Mr. Samuel Brown, of London, who ap- pears to have devoted much of his time and at- tention to this aig has given us the follow- ing very curious ioformation:— The proportion of males and females born in any given period of time bears a constant relation to the respective ages of the parents; it seems that, where the father ig older than the motier, the preduction of male off- sprivg is greater than that of females, au vice veran, And further; the relative seniority of the male in an average number of cases, is found’ to vary directly as the rela- tive number of males, and inversely as the number of fe males produced. In other words, where the father is some years older than the mother, which is more often the case, the chances are that there will issue more male children; and in cases where the lady is the oldest, more feruales will be produced. Th 5 statistic has not re: svited from the inquiries in one country alone, bat all over Europe. It seems to depend on a general law in the animal ee: nomy,and to be « provision of nature for guard ing against a too large population of existing females in auy state of society, since # thousand accidents happen to men from which women are exempt, independen:ly of wars, which, from the belligerent character of the huznan organization, are in every age calculated to carry off a large proportion of mankind. In connection with these facts, there is an- other, diecovered by a Mr. Sadler, of England, which shows that early marriages, in opposition to the theory of Malthus, do not lead to redun- dancy of population, but on the contrary, that marriages rather later in life produce a larger amount of children who arrive at a healthy ma- turity. Tm: Brocx Moncmunt.—The ceremony of re-interring the remains of General Brock, and his aid-de-camp, Col. M’Donnell, and the laying of the foundation stone of the splendid monument which it is proposed to erect to the memory of those heroes, took place at Queenston, on the 13th instant, in the presence of a large number of military and civilians, amongst whom were a large num- ber of fashionables from Toronto. The Queenston Heights were crowded with spectators. The ashes of Gen. Brock and Col. M‘Donnell were removed on a funeral car from the garden of Col. Hamilton, followed by an imposing cortege The height of the monument, iucluding the sta- tue, will be 186 feet. An American steamboat lying at Lewiston lowered its flag half-:nast high as a mark of ‘re spect, and some soldiers at the American fort cheered as e yessel which bore the company from Toronto passed up the river. Marine Affairs. ARRIVAL OF THE StRAMSIUP GrAsGow.—Tae English irou screw steamship Glasgow, Capt. Craig, arrived yesterday. morning from Glasgow, which port she left on the 6th inst. She brought 380 passengers, Her news was antici- pated by the Asia. Drrartere o¥ Canrorsta StraMERs,—The steamsaip Star of the West, for San Juan; Geo. law, for Aspinwall, and the new steamer America, (of the Independsnt Opposition Line,) for the same port, left yesterday afternoon. ‘They were all crowded with rp ge and applicants were Tented tickets on the Star of the Woet and Geo. Law, for want of room, a couple of days before sailing. Sr Beiteixe ry SHore.—Mr. Francis Hannaford. of Cape Elizabeth, is building a echooner of 120 tons, in C. E., in rhore from the Ocean House road, about one mile from the water. When the snow comes he calculates to have her done, and then draw her to the water and have a launch.—Portland Argus. OUR NAVAL CORRESPONDENCE, Hoxo Kova, China, Aug. 5, 1863. As the mail is about closing, I write you a few lines on the + themselves fortunate at being he sek vpon a reef of rocks on the eveni ag w rain eqnell, The engines were not in motion et the ‘ime, aa ther were getting a cast of the lend: therevore the epeed of the ship wax not very great Te wos beck ed ch without sustaining any material in The reel ix ituated 180 or 200 miles to the 4 east of thé island of Laboan, or Labuan, and is i} down on any ehart on board the ship. The Pow- left here this morning for the Loo Choo Islands, to the Commodore; but if not there, she will proceed «there join him. Rumor here states that yan on the 8d of last month, leaving only the store abips at Loo The United States sloop Vandalia loft Macao on the 30th wlt., to join the Com dhe peether bax beep very stormy for the shree weeks om jury worth Manamn Sonrac’s Concunt for the benefit of thy for Destitute Children of Seamen,’’ came off last eve | at Niblo’s Saloon, Fron) some reason or other, all York was on foot, and every place of amusement thronged. Madame Sontag’s concert was no excop scores were unable to gain admittance, afd of those found their way inside a large proportion could no(, tain seats. We may observe, apropos, that the accom dations would have been materially improved by the dition of a few extra chairs and benches: vacant s|) was not wanting, and it is dificult to explain why, tickets are sold at the door, the proper means +! H) be taken by managers to provide seata, Madame Sontag was assisted by Madames DeBerg | Costini, Signors Badiali, Roceo, and Eckert, and | Julien, The first has already been introduced to readers, as a pianisle of remarkable talent and high r tatiol. A fantasie of De Meyer's, which we think have hearé her perform before, and one of Mendelsso. beautiful ‘ ‘Lieder ohne worte” were her contributior the bill of fare last evening. Both confirmed our py ous impressions; in the German “lied,” her execu was strikingly bi illiant, and the applause of the audic fully merited. Madame Cos\iui, who, by the way, is pretty and was charmingly dressed, took a share in duets—with Madame Sontag and Badiali—and was received. She has a fine, full voice; sing wit) effort, and possesses her music thoroughly. Ba. was of course welcomed back to New York. liberty scene from ‘“Puritani” was certainly the of the evening. S. Rocco bad mastered his part, displayed his veice to better advantage than we have heard it. His solo from Donizetti had not created « yorable impression ; it was with real satisfaction that saw him retrieve himself under the kind direction of F ali, in the “‘Suoni la tromba.”” The latter never sang ter. Spirity style, voice, were all just what might been wished Paul Juliea--not to be confounded in way with the maestro at Metropolitan Hall—played difficult and pleasing fantasia on themes from “Lucres He is always a favorite with the public, If h contf | to study as he has done, he will some day, wi:h hi | nius, astonish the musical world. W Madame Sontag, who has almost become a strad was greeted with a hearty round of applause at he: pearance on the platform. She bore the lion’s pay the evening's werk, her share being no less thar pieces. Among these we chietly admired a plaintive of Schubert's, ‘‘Leise Flehen,’” which Madame So rendered with exquisite feeling and expression; a> duet from a forgotten opera of Donizetti’s “ Mari: dilla.” In the latter she gave full license to her fr and scattered round the theme one of those showe ernament which will probably hereafter be know “ Sontagitures.”” Her “‘ Last Rose of Summer” was wise rendered with] finished skill; but to our mind, didly, it is one of those melodies whose crowning cl is simplicity. To drown it in runs, trills, and fiorit: is like Cecking the familiar face of a pretty countr? in a flaunting head dress, with pearls and feathers. We ought to add that between the parts an addre thanks was presented to Madame Sontag on behalf o Sailors’ Children’s Home. It was loudly applauded. | Obituary. ERASTUS PERKINS, ESQ., OF CONNECTICUT—~ CENTENARIAN. The “oldest inhabitant”? of Norwich, Connectic Erastus Perkins, Esq —died in that city, on Tues(ay, inst., at the remarkably advanced age of one hun andone years and eight months. We gave a biogr: cal notice of this gentleman in the Hsrazp, in Febru 1862, when he had reached one hundred years of! Mr, Perkizs was a descendant of one of the oldest f lies of England, and the branch of it to whic belonged has produced many remarkable cases of Ic vity. The memory of Mr. Perkins was very good, | inthe last years of his life, and reached’back in Ar can history to the times of the French war, termins with the conquest of Canada by the British and Cok forces, Th its of the American Revolution in + of which he was an actor, were familiar in the reco tion of the venerable subject of this notice, who reta his faculties to the last, and took s cheerful intere| all about him up to the time of his decease. GrxrnaL Cuitps.—The yellow fever has taken anc hero for its victim, brevet Brigadier General Childs, 0: rmy, having died of it at Tampa Bay on the 8th i Gol. Childs was a native of Maine, and one of the most) lant officers of ourarmy. He was with Gen. Taylor’r my at the commencement of the Mexican.war, and ¢ manded the artillery battalion in the battles of Palo; and Reraca de la l’a ma. At Movierey he commandec storming party of artillery, infantry and Texas rifler and contributed much towards the success of the at on the city. He was afterwards with Gen. Scott’s a at the landing at Vera Cruz. At Cerro Gordo manded a portion of the Ist Artillery which was in the successfulattack upon that height, and Ge: in his official report, acknowledged his try, a ed him “the often-distinguished brevet ol. Childs.” continued with Gen. Scott's army as far as Puebla, w: he was in command, and where he not oly e dited his customary bravery, but endeared himself to! y and the volunteers romoted, after, t Brigadier Genoral. was in the pr of life, with the prospect of many years longer of hon ble service, when he was cut oif by the pestilence Wim C. Dartox, a printer, of Richmond, V: found dead in his ‘bed’ on the léth. just Bopha bd aflcat that hia death was caused from the ellects of reatment received by him in a shanty in ei hood, said to be the resort of dissolate Ly 7 Roneet D, Born, aged eighty-one years, died in ington city, on the 12th inst. having besu jai Warhit gton since 1819. Perrons having business at Post Office Department will recollect this kind old gen man. He was employed there during the last thirty Fi occupying 4 room near the main entrance of uilding, as day Watch, and acting as an index to dis) Visiters where they would find the persons i, were in pursult for business parpooe ee “EO 4 y, for many years an active merchant Philadelphi i Thiladelphia, departed this life at his residence on Annual Cattle Show. Yesterday there was a marked improvement in the pearance of things at the Annual Cattle Show of American Institute, now holding at Hamilton squa Persons who visited the State Fair at Saratoga, say ti in the exhibition of cattle it was inferior to the Americ Institute show. A large numter of fat cattle hi been added to the collection since the open @ay, and the stock of horses has been nea doubled, Of the latter there are three classe: the thorongh bred, horses for all work, a matched horses. Among the second class are some ve fine breeds, among | we may mention the stallic George Washington, slx years old, owned by E. C. de wick, of Brooklyn; Thomas Jefferson, owned by Phi Hovenbeck, of Rochester; Cassius, exhibited by the sar owner; Young Woman, seven years old, owned by Ts man Derrick, of Troy. The display of horses ia not as last year, owing to the fair at Springfield, whi as attracted a large number of the old exhibitors frc our show, There were five pair of mules, but they ¢ pot appear to excite much interest or attention, and we ratber regarded as a bore. The Durhams received large reinforcement to their numbers, and consequent: made a better show. There are some very fine short hor exhibited by 1 meer, of Wostchester; by Jac son, of Astoria, and by L. G. Morris, who has also « lar number of good Devonshires on the ground. Among t milch cows are two or three which give from twenty twenty-four quarts “of milk yer day. Altogether t cattle Cepartment is very credtable, and is much ¢ perior to that mace at the last annual show, Inthe rbeep pens we noticed afew fine specimens the Southdown; but the merinox, of which there a only five or six, are of an inferior quality. Of fat young and old, there isa pretty fair display; but not to boas’ of ‘The number of visiters rday was about four tho rand, and the receipts am to near seven hundr dollars. The judges examined the stock of all kinds, at will make their report to-day, when the show closes. nt Naval Intelligence. Navy Ovvicens OxpERED, Detach axp Resiaxkn.—Chi engineer Wm. W. Wood, detached from the stear pac, and chief engineer Wm. Sewell ordered to her in stead. Lieut. Thecdore I. Green detached from tl sloop. ar Cyane, and has three months leave, Lier ‘Wm. Taylor Smith has resigned Capt. John C. Long, comman Saranac, first Lieut.’ E. M master, are at their pos the steamer prepared for sea. be in readiness early in November. machinery w ut in motion on Seturday, which worked well, and h lers appeared to be in good condition.—Norfolk Argt U.8, revenue cutter Morris, Capt, Whiteomb, arrived Gloucester 18th inst. from thi» port The U. 8. sloop-of-war Jamestown remained at R Janeiro August 30, Brooklyn City Inte! CavEtty 70 ANLMALS.—The following is an the prosentment made by the Grand Jury of King’s coun! on the 20th of October:-":A practice has come to our the consequence of ich must sesult in great evil to public health if permitted. We could not gather su cient evidence to fix guilt upon the parties; t desire to communicate to the succeeding Grand Ju through the court, our convictions in the ives; ai riety of their tnaklag. strict ‘iy would suggest the quiry in regayd to a practice so cruel, and one which | likely to produce serious consequences, We allude to tl practice of a portion of the butchers in our eity keopis their cattle without food or drink, from. five to seven day before butchering them, till th the whole anim # inflamed and congestion take stated, reeults in much pecuniary benefit to th ‘An explanation of the reason for such benef is unnecestary at,this time.’? Boy Kin.en wy Tum Acer Aboy named William Ho Inaac Howell, of No. 118 Na by the accltental discharge of a fewit unning excursion in the vicinity of Flatbush. fiat the lad was climbing over a fence when the took place. The ebarge entered his abdomen, and died in two hours afterward,