The New York Herald Newspaper, October 2, 1853, Page 4

cn aN CME NEW YORK 'ERALD. PROPRIETOR AND ED TOR. | OFFICE ¥. W. CORSE® OF 1 ULTON AND NASBAU STS. { * cents per copy—87 per ax® ym, D every Sucurday at, 8’ 6 conte ‘the European Edition $ ee on Mritain, and 85t0 aM art of the postage. Shy mctit For Subscriptions. er with Aiver- paid, or the postage Will? 16 deducted from per copy, or $3 num to any part 0; Continent beth to ALL LETTE the money remitted Seas VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, containing impor tant nonce. solicited from anycruarter Of “ae world; if used will Ae tid » paid for. Baru FOR ce 7 RRQ URATED TO se Ww & caoayngous communications. We de not return thove revect JOB PRINTING grecuted with neatners, cheapness and dee pe uh. ENTS renewed every day. caveeNO. 273 AMUSEMENTS TO-MORROW EVENING. METROPOLITAN HAL BOWERY THEATRE. Se etones iy Ixy 4—Lion yLLIRN’S CONCERT. Corsican BRoTHERG— i. BROADWAY THEATRE, Brondway—Meramona—Na- war Evosg* ents. NIBLO Bees way—Orena oF THe BARBER OF SevILLE BURTON'S T., 4TRE, Chambers street—Paut Pry—My Dnere’s Canv NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Uncre Tom's amy. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Love Cuase—Tue Jun kinses. AMERICAN MUSEUS @ Howe in THe WALL. Evening—Monxy. MADISON AVENUE—Afternoon and Evening—Frayco ws CoLessan Hrrropro: CHRISTY’S AMERICA WOOD’S MINSTRELS, Wood’s Musical Hall, #44 Broad. Way—Brevorian MINsTR ELS: BUCKLEY'S OPERA HOUSE, 539 Broadway—Bucurey’s Erniorian Orena TRovure. GEORAMA, 56 Broadway—Paronama oF rue Horr anv. HOPE CHAPEL, 718 Broadway—PRaxkenstery’s Pavo Bama ov NiaGaRa. ACADEMY HALL, 663 Broadw ePING MAN. RHENISH GALLERY, 663 Broadway—Day suc Evening. SIGNOR BLITZ—Srvvvesane Instirure. CHINESE ROOMS, 539 Broadway—Penuan’s Grrr Baur BrTION OF THE SEVEN Mite Mrngon. New York, Sunday, October 2, 1853. The News. The steamship America, which arrived at Boston yesterdsy afternoon, brought the latest telegraphic Gespatches from all parts ot the continent of Ha- ope which had been received at Liverpool up to the hou; of departure. From these we leara that the utmost silence p: led at St. Petersburg with wegard to politica! affairs; however, the steady march: ot Jarge bodies of troops towards the Turkish fron- tier, combiued with the positive refusal 0’ the Czar to accept the modifications of the Sultaa to the plan of settlement proposed by the neutral Powers,aad which, im turn, was followed by an order from the Russian commander notifying his soldiers that they were “called upon to anniailate paganism,” as well as a who oppose their sacred mission, render it apparent that Rassia not only anticipated but anxiously desired eonfiict. On the otber hand, the national feeling ‘and religious zeal of the Turks had been aroused to @ degree unprecedeuted—they were burning to drive back the invaders. Omer Pasha was extending his lines, and had so concentrated his forces that he could in twenty-four hours bring sixty thousand men to any point of attack or defence. A most f- worable account bad been given of the disci- pline of the Turkish troops and their ability for active and effective service, by two French staff Officers belonging to their army. Our London correspondent gives some information rela tive to this matter which will be found very interesting. The regulars are considered reliable, un- der any circumstances, and the volunteers are well ealculated to sorely harrass the enemy aad render any other assistance that may be required; conse- quently it is predicted tbat the first battles will b+ won by the Mussulmans. Under these circumstan 2¢3, the only possible way of preserving peace will be for fhe Suitan to retract bis moditications and accept the stipulations originally presented by Eugland and her eoadjutors. This policy vas strenuously urged by the neutrals, and, in addition, it was said that Omer Pasha had been forbidden to commence hostilities; bat it was doubtful whether all these efforts would be of apy avail in face of the clamors of the Turkish people fcr war. The Collins steamer Baltic, which ie about due at this pors, will doubtless bring intelli- gence that will fuily enlighten us concerning the pending crisis. ‘The foreign news had the effect of materially rais- ing the prices of breadstaffs and provisions in our markets yesterday, av will be seen by our commer- ial report. Cotton, on the coctrary, was dni! and declining. In the stock market the fancies were all down, and large sales tovk place at a decline. Read the grapbic report of the curious scene w: occurred among the politicians in the Stuyvesant In- stitute the other evening. Hsrds, softs, Egyptian antiquities, mummies aud all, were there—formiug one of the most extraordinary antipodeim cong. om- erations ever bef re heard of. Our Santa Fe correspondent records some inter- esting items relative to the politics of New Mexico, and the respective chances of Governor Lane and Padre Gallegos as candidates for election to the Office of Congressional delegate. The ietter is dated upon the ist of August, avd as the election did not take place until Monday, the Sth of September, we have not heard the result. Governor Meriwether is spoken well of. Correspondents at Hamilton, Bermuda, have fur- nished us witb melancholy but accurate details of the progress of the yellow fever down to the latest date, viz., 24th of September. The death of the Acting Governor, Colonel Phillpotts, is alluded to with regret, and a sketch of his military career given. Colonel Robe, his successor in command of the troops, is also dead, with many others, both officers and civilians. As the colony is without a Governor a sort of interregnum has ensued. The mortality re- ports and commercial news will be read with inter- est, General Tallmadge, whose obituary has been al- ready given, was buried yesterday in the Second Avenne Cemetery, the funeral rites having been pre- viously solemnized at Grace Church, according to the ritual of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Attention is directed to the additional particulars, given in another column, relative to Cap’. Gibson, whose unjustifiable imprisonment by the Dutch au- thorities at Batavia recently caused so much sensa- tion in this country. ‘As the winter approaches the health of the city improves. Last week the total number of deaths in New York was 396, showing # decrease of 52 on the mortality of the previous week. The deaths from summer complaints are not so numerous, There were 55 deaths from consumption, 30 from couval sions, 13 from congestion of the brain, 15 from @iarrhea, 32 from dysentery, and 10 from typhus fever. The mortality among children was, as usual, greater than among grown persons. No less than 127 died under one year, and 226 under ten years There were 25 cases of stillborm 7 of prematnre birth, and 9 of malformation. Of the deceased 17) were natives of the United States, 80 of Ireland, 20 of Germany, ‘ of England, and 7 of Scotland. 4 despatch trom New Orleans states that only tif teen persons were reported to bave died of yellow fever in that c'ty during the twenty-four hours end ing yesterday morning, and that there were bat six deaths from the same at Mobile within the same period; consequently, the general health of those cities may be considered as pretty nearly re- established. Strangers and svsentees, hovever. shculd be cantious about venturing into them before frre et bas entirely driven off the epidemic, which is Lew merely awaiting fresh supply of the unac. anse gies SNES AE OT: clims'€d to recommence its fatal work. The nam ber of gesths in Philadelphia during tha past week W28 one buncred and etzhty-three, being a deersase ©. fifteen on the mortality of the previons seven | days. Onur inside prges contain two very interesting Jet- ters from London relative to the politics and goasip of Europe; Spain as & Defaulter and Filibustero; a comparison between the Hotels of England and the United States; Boston correspondence; # variety of Commercial, Political, Religious, Theatrical, and Miscellaneous News, &c. The World in Eighteen Hundred and Fifty Three. It has long been a more or less universally recognized idea. that in the life of man there were a certain number of stages, or turning points, when his whole physical nature under- wentachange. These points were denominated climacterics. Ifwe were to conceive the same theory applied to humanity as a unit, we might well imagine that it has been of late approach- ing one of those climacterics. The current year hae been, indeed, pregnant of remarkable events; and at the moment we write society in various quarters of the world is in a process of fermentation from various causes, the ulti- mate tendencies of which man’s finite under- standing would in vain essay to estimate. Suffice it for us to enumerate what is passing throughout the world. and leave each of our readers to draw on his own imagination for the effects which those several movements are cal- culated to produee. In the two most populous quarters of the world—where civilization has had her earliest, longest, and most favored home, and where mankind has made the greatest progress in in- telligence and refinement—the established order of things is menaced with violent dissolution. Europe and Asia are now in a transition state ; the ancient landmarks which either has main- tained for ages are being removed ; the barriers of wrong and prejudice are being swept away before the tide of renovated and regenerated humanity ; and the struggle, whose result is no longer doubtful, is maintained with equal des- peration between the conilicting principles of progress and retrogression. The last tidings received from Europe are pregnant with meaning to him who would read aright the world’s book and trace cause and effect. The Cossack and the Turk are abont to engage in a war wherein the worst elements of fanaticism and barbarity would be brought into play. The other great Powers of that Continent have expended months of diplomacy in the vain endeavor to reconcile the dissensions between the Sultan and the Czar, well knowing that hostilities being once commenced it would be impossible for them to resist the current of in- volved interests which would draw them into the vortex of war. And revolution is biding its time, waiting for the auspicious moment to ar- rive when the armies of the despots shall be en- gaged, to strike an effective blow and make a concerted movement for popular freedom. Another feature in the European intelligence which has a tendency to hasten the crisis is the alarming scarcity of food. A partial famine is dreaded, and riots arising from that cause have already taken place in some of the Continental cities. Experience has taught that periods of scarcity are the most dangerous to governments. as discoutent and rebellion are very apt at such seasons to be manifested by the mas: And last, if not worst scourge of all, the Asiatic cholera bas again made its appearance in zeve- ral parts of the Continent. In Asia events ofno less magnitude and im- portance are transpiring. The dynasty which has so long ruled the great Chinese empire is tottering to its fall. The barriers which hare for centuries shut out that nation from commn- nion and fellowebip with the rest of the world ere being violently broken down by its own people, at length awakened to their true inie- rests and rights; and soon, if the revolution progresses successfully to the end, Chi its three hundred and fifty million of tants, will have become an active constituent part of the family of nations, The islands of Japen will probably also be soon found de- parting from their antiquated, barbarous sys- tem of exelusiveness, and joining China in the march of progress and humanity. Asia, too, like Europe, is not exempt from the scourges of tamine and pestilence. As to Africa, there are no marked changes in its condition. But, nevertheless, we may well cherish the belief that with the French colony of Algeria spreading civilization on its northern borders, the English colony of the Cape of Good Hope at the sonth, and the re- public of Liberia on the western coast, that great nnknown continent is yet destined to re- sume once more its ancient greatness. While the Old World is thus seen engaged in astruggle to emerge from the gloom of des- potism, ignorance, and barbarity, we have good cause to congratulate ourselves on the freedom and happiness which we enjoy, and the vast expansion to which we have attained and are attaining in all the paths of a nation’s progress, And yet even the United States is not entirely free from the danger of becoming involved in the war which is now impending over the nations of Europe. However. its re sulis we can have no fear of, and feel assured that so faras we are concerned the rights o humanity will not suffer. We commenced this article by stating our be- lief that mankind was approaching one of its climacteries. Not only in the political view of affairs we have glanced at is this indicated, but it is no less so, perhaps, in the remarkable events which have characterized this epoch. Tremendous hurricanes have recently swept over the globe, carrying devastation in their path. Earthquakes have been alarmingly fre- quent, violent, and destructive to life and pro- perty. Shipwrecks and railroad disasters have been more than usually numerous and terrible; harvests have failed in many portions of the earth; yellow fever has raged with frightful vi- Tulence in South America, the West India islands. and the coasts of our Southern States; and now cholera comes to add its horrors to swell the list. Let us hope and trust that the all-wise and omnipotent Providence who rules over and directs the universe will evolve out of these sufferings and movements of humanity a new era of freedom snd happiness to man- kind. ., Tre Pantirs—Orr Novempern Scrvp Raog. Our eleetion for State nd me} the Legislature in November pron g race with wh’ est for many years. ers the most an have been First. there are the “tree democracy,” or Simon-pnge free soflers and abolitionists wii) their independent ticket. Next we have th two branches of the “ fierce democracie,” each with separate candidates, State and coun ty. Then the whige are to play an important hand in the business, either upon a general ticket of their own. or two tickets, or with no tickets at all, as the question may he de- termined at Syracuse on the 5th. Then, again, the Women’s State Temperance Soclety have organized a plan of operations whereby all the candidates of all parties in the field are to be closely cross-examined on the gin, ram, whiekey and lager bier question, and a general turn-out is to be made of the temperance women to the polls on election day in behalf of the candidates of the Maine Liquor law. This movement isto be carried out in every hole and corner of the State, and the work, we ur- derstand, is going on now in the circulation of temperance tracts broadcast over the com- monwealth. In co-operation with this en- terprise the Temperance Alliance of this city, an active body of Maine law men, have helda preparatory meeting, from which it is manifest that they intend to make the said law the spe- cial test on Manhattan Island and its suburbs on Long Island. Then there is the party of Big Thunder and his five thousand voters of the anti-rent districts to be taken into the ge- neral estimate. Now, with all these materials in active exercise in the election of November, ean anybody venture even to guess at the ge- neral result. We defy the most finished grad- uate in spiritual manifestations to give us an estimate that will begin to hold water on elec- tion day. The fact is that both the old parties, in this State at least, are substantially broken up, root and branch. There may possibly be a re- union of the whigs for this election and no fur- ther; but even that is exceedingly doubtful. The determination of their October conven- tion, however, being necessary to complete the existing confusion. we are cheerfully waiting the issue. We think, notwithstanding, that quite enough is known to justify every man in the State to vote his own ticket, upon his own responsibility, from the best materials that he can find among those who are up for the popu- lar suffrages, because some of them will un- doubtedly 06 cleaied, thanah- tat sid-oth oe twentieth , art of the aggregate vote of the State is cast. Cold water will be the ruling question—first, in relation to our canals, and secondly, in reference to the practical introduc- tion cf the Maine Liquor law. Brandy has been raised in our metropolitan refectories to ten cents.a glass; but let the man accustomed to drink it ad. /iditwm in the exercise of his civil liberties lock sharp after the Women’s State Temperance organization and the Tem- perdfce Alliance ot this city or they are gone. The only conclusions which may be definitely anticipated in this scrub election are—first, the success of our canal enlargements ; and, secondly, the triumph of the Maine Liquor law. All the rest is completely betogged in the general “noise and con usion.” It is a free fight, and the more tne merrier. Whigs to the rescue! but don’t for get the Maine Liquor law. The rise of breadstuffs will tell tremendously in the rural districts. REVIVAL Ov THE SLaveRY AciraTion—Ques- tions Yor Ati, Compromise Mex—We have been admonished, from the threatenings of the free soil organs, that the time for the disband- ing of the anti-slavery organization has not yet arrived; becanse— First--The territory of Nebraska, now being rapidly settled by the Missourians, will proba bly ask of Congress @ territorial government involving the prohibition or introduction of slavery. Second—The project of dividing the State of California, with the view of making the south- ern half a slaveholding territory, is not yet abandoned. Third—It is highly probable that we shall soon have to make governmental provision for another stice froma Mexico. Fourth--Ae for Cuba, its acquisition being considered an imperative requisition of man‘- fest destiny. And upon every one of these territo- rial iseues there must inevitally come up the everlasting contest upon the slavery question. In view of these prospective ac- quisitions and territorial changes, is it not abundantly manifest that the compromises of 1850 are still the living and paramount issues of the day. And doee not the omission of any allusion to our expected acquisitions of farther territory by the soft shell democratic Syracyse convention leave a loop-hole for the return to the Buffalo platform when the exigency shall require? Union men, compromise men, of all parties, reflect upon these things, and act ac- cordingly. Before the close ot the present ad- ministration we may have to fight over again the fearful battle of the compromise measares, We have not secured a treaty. of peace upon the slavery question between the North and the South. It is but an armistice. AMERICAN AND Exouisn Hoters—Ovn Surv- rionity.—We print in today’s paper two arti- cles from leading English journals. relative to travelling in England and America and the hotel systems of both countries. It is a well- known fact ihat at least one-fifth of our popu- lation are elways travelling—that Americans are never satisfied until they have seen every- thing worth looking at--and that this great rnsh of migratory population in this country has brought our hotel system to such a degree o perfection. Look at the splendid hotels of New York. On Broadway alone, between the Bat- tery and Prince street, we have ten first class hotels, capable of accommodating three thou sand persons. These accommodations are not equal to the demand; several hotels are to be enlarged, and several new ones are now in the process of preparation, including the Lafarge Houee, which is to be opened on the first of De- cember. During the month of August the re- ceipte of one of these hotels exceeded sixty thourand dollars, and its balance sheet showed aclear profit during the year of ninety thousand dollars. These facts show the reason why #0 much capital is invested in hotels in this coun- try, and why they are so excellent. The people support them—the people encourage them. In England the hotels are only patronized by the higher classes; and at one (Mivart’s) no person 1s accommodated unless he wears a title or is attached to an embasey. The articles to which we have referred set forth very plainly the difference between the hotel systems in both countries. That Englishmen see this. and de- sire to remedy it, has been long known to us. As additional testimony we quote from a pri vate letter, written by Mr. D. D. Howard, for- merly of the Irving House, to a friend in ibis city — Since coming to Wurope, 1 have been again and ap ain beret by as and gentiemen of fortune + ergage s@ain in hote! business; but i have iv variably dectined positively an hore! npon a grond eoule, either in London or here (Paris). * * * As you walk around among ‘tie hotels, once Ina while, Lbeg you will prevent my kindest regards to thore of my friends engaged in the business, and »ay to them tbat I hear, with much pleasure, from frreignera, that the American hotels are the best in the world. I knew it before, bat it is pleasant in a foreign land to have the truth told of us once ina while. Really. we must do something for England and France. We must spare them a Coleman, a Steteon, a Leland. a Degroot. or a Treadwell. It is positively shocking that we should enjoy so much and they be obliged to get nothing at all and pay #0 much money for it. We must eend gome of our enterprising’ American hotel proprietors to London and Paris. They ought to be astonished by the sight of an Astor, a Saint Nicholas, a Prescott, or a Metropolitan. There is a fortune for somebody who is willing to secure it and benefit the benighted denizens of Albion or ‘‘/a-belle France.” at the same time? It’s a fine opening—don’t all speak at once. ‘ Tne Era or PurGatioy.—Ovur Pustic Mey AT THE ConresstonaL.—The definition of repeni- ance is wide and discursive. The sinner who murders his wife and six children “ under cir- cumstances of the most revolting barbarity” repents upon the scaffold—he is translated to realms of bliss—and we are told that there is more joy in Heaven over him than over ninety and nine just men who never were barbarous, never murdered their wives, and allowed their children, in any “ given’? number, to die in the natural way. Thus unthinking scoffers say that the only way to get to Heaven is to commit some atrocity for the special purpose ofrepent- ance. This is dangerous logic, and does not follow from the premises laid down. It is well for the world and the cause of religion that the examples are not more frequent, otherwise we might be apt to say that in affairs of this kind the motive was the first thing to be looked at—that repentance through fear could not be effectual at the last great day, when all our worldly accounts are to be balanced in the great book above. Of late public attention has been attracted to the spectacle of re- pentance for political errors, the actors being some of OUF itive. prominent statesmen, and the subject being the eternal one—slavery. The spectacle was not a novel one; it has been ! well got up several times in England, from differ- ent motives, the actors being “ F. M., the Duke,” Sir Robert Peel, Lord Lyndhurst, and others of less note. The body politic is condensed in the leaders of the great parties. This must always be the case in constitutional governments. Well, then, the body politic is like the human body—its secretions become dry, its digestion over-tasked, and various departures from phy- siological rules entail various miseries. The remedy is the same in both cases. The human body is purged practically—the body politic goes through with the same operation theoreti- cally. Recently we have had several noble examples; the manner in which strong purga- tives have been swallowed by our public men has been most heroic, and the eflect produced has been productive of much good to them, much satisfaction to their adherents, much healthy amusement to that great body vulgar-. ly known as “ outsiders,” who read the Herat, enjoy the jokes, and take no sides. Such a thunderstorm is not often witnessed, and the political atmosphere has been most beautifully cleared. The first patient under the great phy- sician, public opinion. was the Hon. John A. Dix. How beautifully the purge worked upon the Sub-Treasurer’s political system. The effect was magical ; away went all his supposed abolition notions-—away went his opposition to the compromises of 1850—and we find the Hon. Mr. Dix assuring a “triend in Georgia” that he is now allright. He is perfectly clear—the medicine has done its work. Mr. Dix is re- ceived as one of the elect, and the rejoicing is greater than it was over the ninety and seven hunkers who held the convention in the Globe Hotel at Syracuse. Something must certainly be done for this sinner. Who is the next patient? He who at Balti- more, went for Mr. Cass to the last—he who de- clined the Presidency in spite of the prayers of the hunkers of New York and the bouquets of the ladies of Baltimore (all good Cass hunkers,)— Daniel S. Dickinson is purged of the Wilmot proviso. He says he never swallowed it; but if he did the “blue pills” of hunkerism purged it from him long ago! Ah! how wonderful is such a medicine. The physician-in-ordinary to the Thane of Cawdor, who could not “minister toa mind diseased,’ would hare had but a small practice in these latter days ! How cheering is the spectacle when a new actor comes upon the scene! How anxiously is the public eye riveted upon the Collector of the port of New York, whoina letter which for force, spirit, terseness and directness, would not suffer in comparison with the best of Junius, cuts barnburnerism entirely, reads all the Van Burenites cut of his political com- panionship, and throws himself before the world in the attitade of ene who not only supports the compromises but actually admires them. He never said or wrote anything differently, but leet anything that he has written may be mis- co.strued, he states so plainly that it cannot be mistaken bis precise opinion upon whatever is interesting to political readers at the present day. Ah! glorious medicine—how do we rev- erence thee and the hunker physicians who so unsparingly apply thee! The whigs have been no less active, and the medicine has not been without ite effects upon the Thurlow Weed men, the Fillmore men, and the men of the Express. How cheering is such a spectacle! How good it is to know that everybody we thought was wrong turns out to be right, and if anybody has done anything wrong he repents—he shows a willingness to be forgiven, which ehould be met ina Christian spirit. Yes, let everybody be forgiven—let everybody be bappy--let everybody rejoice in the assurance that the mind has been freed—the public is satisfied, nobody else should com- plain. We don’t. We rather like it. Let the fun goon. The medicine works so well that it should not be given up just as the fun begine. Keep at work. As Mr. Cushing would say “march! march!! march!!!” Let us see where we are and then begin anew. Tue Oroan with 4 Dewisewr-quaver.—The Waehington Union bas read so many papers out of the democratic party, and back again into it, as to cause scrious embarrassment to exist in the public mind as to which papers are orthodox and which must be considered hetro- dox. The Evening Post. for instance, was read out of the church some months ago; but it is now understood to be back again into favor, and is the recipient of government advertisements. Now this uncertainty as to the status of the dif ferent papers is very annoying to the office holders and office expectants. for there are still “a few more left” of this latter class. Im- agine for a moment a man so situated reading in public one of the excommunicated journals, thinking he is all right, when, if the poor devil only knew the fact, he was sending his political eoul somewhere by reading heretical doctrine, according to the fiat of “my grandmother’s Ga- zette,” the Washington Union. To obviate this difficulty we respectfully suggest that that dis- tinguished journal publieh a special edict. say twice a week. (after the manner of a commercial list.) quoting the “court” value of the several pepers, and thus informing the whole world in a brief, satisfactory, and reliable manner, at short intervals, where true doctrines can be picked up to date. The Fine Arts, POWELL’S GREAT NATIONAL PICTURE. ‘The great historical picture by Powell, of Cincin- nati, representing the discovery of the Mississippi river by Hernando de Soto, will be opened to-morrow to the public in the late exhibition room of the late Art Union, in Broadway. ‘This picture was painted by order of Congress, the act authorizing it specially delegated Mr. Powell for the work, as a Western man, and directed him to select come Western subject identified with our coun- try’s history for his canvass, leaving the par- ticular theme to his own discretion. The painting being intended to fill the vacant panel in the rotundo of the Capitol, at Washington, it was thought fit, as all the others of the circle were representations of scenes lying east of the Alleghanies, that this one should be specially dedicated to the West, and given to a Western artist. The result is the magnificent chef @’euvre which will be opened for exhibition to- morrow. - Before proceeding to a brief description of this splerdid work, a few words concerning the subject delineated, may, perhaps, be useful to some of our readers. The discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto involves one of the most interesting volumes of the early explorations in North America by the chi- valry of Spain, when Spain was a power in the earth, and her soldiers, excepting their bigoted cruelty to the Indians, were the living realities, in courage and gallantry, of the steel-clad knights of the dark *eFermando de Soto, (sometimes called Ferdinand de Soto,) as Governor of Cuba, had received the title of Marquis of Florida, from Charles V. when, with nearly a thosgand men raised in Spain, he under- took the formal occupation of the peninsula to which he owed his title. Ten ships were fitted out in Spain to carry out his troops and necessary stores, they sailed from San Lucar for Cuba in APT, 109%. UN We 10Un muy, we samc yoar, OUW, or De Soto, as we shall call him, sailed from Havana on his Florida expedition, with nine vessels, nine hundred men, besides sailors, two hun dred and thir- teen horses, and a herd of swine. On the 30th May he arrived in the bay of Espiritu Santa or the Holy Spirit, (Tampa Bay) where he landed three hundred men and pitched his camp, but being attacked by a large force of Apalaches (known to us asthe war- like Seminoles,) he was compelled toretire. He, how- ever, landed again with his whole available force, including a detachment of priests and friars, and several pieces of heavy artillery. But De Soto was not satiefied with the simple occupation of Florida. As an officer of Pizarro in his dashir g and stirring adventures in Peru, he had seen too much of the wild romance of Indian warfare to be content with the monotony of a mere military experiment at colonization. So, with a vague expectation of dis- coveries of gold among the aborigines, he set out due west, with his army of some six hundred men, including many a distinguished Spanish hidalgo who had joined him and his fortunes for the love of adventure. After numerous bloody battles with the Indians in his route, in one of which two thousand of, the natives were slain, and nearly a hundred of the Spaniards, De Soto, in August, 1542, reached the Mississippi river on the bloff (if our memory serves us,) pow known as Natchez on-the Hill, and he only elevated point on the river for hundreds of m'les in either direction. We shall pursae this un- ortunate adventure no farther, for here we are brought tothe historical incident to which we are indebted for this painting, the immediate subject before us. Mr. Powell bas gelected the moment when De Soto and his cavaliers from the hill got the first full view of the broad expanse of the father of waters, and if be has not made the most of his canvass that could be crowded into it without discord, we are much mistaken. Beginning in the centre, the mail- clad hero ot the picture, upon a fiery white horse, is striking]y conspicuous. Behind him are bis subor- dinate chieftains on horseback, splendidly capari- soned, according to the Spanish warlike fashions of that day. Jn the midst of them, upon a patient doykey in regal harness, is a white friar. The eyes of a}) this party, with a general expression of intense eatiefaction, are fixed upon the river, the friar hay- ing his hands and eyes uplifted in devout thanks- giving. Behind this group, to the left, follow the mailed ard helmeted warriors of the expedition, their bristling spears and battle axes, in lengthened array, stretching back till lost in the misty woods— thus leaving upon the imagination a vivid impres- sion of a powerful force still behind, though invisi- ble to the eye. To the right, upon a plateau, on the immediate river bank, is a cluster of four Indian tents fantas- tically freeeoed with barbaric devices. By the side of there tents stand a group of Indian warriors, in the most striking war costumesof their tribe. An old chief is reaching forward the pipe of peace to the wonderful invaders of his lands with an airand bear ing of profound humility. Another is looking on with fized amazement at the terrible intruders, while @ younger warrior is resolutely gazing at De Soto with determined stolidity. In front of these warriors are two Indian damsels, nearly naked, and finished to the highest perfection of Indian beauty, reclining toon the ground, with some baskets of corn, ducks, and other peace-offerings lying before them, to the acceptonce of which they are vainly endeavoring to gain De Soto, for his cyes are fixed upon the Missis- sippi. In the immediate foreground to the right, a group of weatherbeaten and wounded soldiers are gathered. Some of them are placing a cannon in battery for the protection of the camp. One of these has a white bar dkerchief tied over an ugly cut in his forehead. Another od campaigner is sitting down, bandaging his damaged leg, while another, dusky and rusty with bard usage, is holding his helmet before his eyes, while looking out upon the great river, their outlet o the sea and to home. Next to this group in he foreground is a pile of small arms of the style of that time, some of the exact patterns of which may now be seen in the Crystal Palace, sent over from the Tower of London by Queen Victoria. These arms are resting upon the camp chest, which is almost as strongly banded with iron as one of our salamander safes. To the right of this is a group of the ministers of the Catholic faith, planting an immense cross, formed of two parts of a tree with the bark on, with asmali figure of the crucified Saviour nailed upon it. The holy brothers are lifting the cross ingo the hole which has been dug to receive it. One of them has his two forefingers upon it, while reading from an antique sook the service of the occasion. Thé veteran who has dug the hole is resting upon the ground, with his shovel by his side. Thus, extend- ing along the foreground of the picture, we have the whole story of the Spanish conquests in Ame. rica Mlustrated, in the cannon and the cross, the cross always being planted and consecrated, a3 the firet duty of a Spanish encampment, while the capnon snd the arquebns as unfailingly brought up the rear. In the background, to the right, we see the ample Micsissippi, with the dim unmeasured country be- yend it. Towards the opposite bank some creou islands are visible, while far up, on this side, we de- tect another village of the red men, its inhabitants apparently unconscious of the proximity of the dreadful invaders of their country. The composition of this picture, the grouping, the drawing of the figures, and the costumes, &0., the coloring, the lights and the shades, to our jadgment are charmingly bermonious and trae. We doubt not, from the three or four years of study and labor of the artist, that every bing, including the royal bare ner, and one or two Moorish warriors in this pistare, is historically true, and true to nature. To crow” all, the tout ensemble is full of life, spirit, chivalry, poetry, and beauty, There is nothing awkward, or heavy, or strained about it; everything in it is easy, though intensely graphic and spirited, In reducing his figures below the colossal size of those of the other pictures in the rotunda, Mre Powell has gained an immense advantage in spaces and when we consider that the picture is to stand only four feet from the ground, he loses nothing in ite individual effects. The gallery of the rotunda will now be complete, Its paintings, all ot uniform size, will consist of— 1, The Declaration of Independence. 2. The Capitulation at Saratoga. 3. The Capitulation at Yorktown. 4. Washington resigning his Commission at Au- napolis, all by Trumbull. 5. The Baptiem of. Pocahontas, by Chapman. 6. The Embarkation of Piigrims at Delft Haven, by Weir. 7. The Landing of Columbus. by Vanderlyn. 8. De Soto’s Discovery of the Mississippi, by Powell. In addition to this picture, Mr. Powell will also ex~ hibit with it his original portraits, painted in Paris, from life, of Abd el-Kader, Lamartine, Alexander Du- mas, Pierre Leroux, and Eugene Sue; and last, though not least, his copy from the original of Paul Verro- nese, inthe Louvre, of the “ Marriage in Cana of Galilee,” done for the Maryland Historical Society. We hould ssy that such a collection around the mag: nificent painting of De Soto, ought to attract the public attention, More Ameo ican and Canadian Ralireads, It will be seen from the»report of our Commis sioner in Canada, that the inhabitants of Bytown and Prescott have agreed to advance a sum suf- ficient to complete the railroad which will eonnect the more distant portion of the Ottowa country witle the United States, the productions of which extensive and fertile region must, to a considerable extent, find their way to New York by the way of Lake Champlain ; and when the road from Ogdensburg to Rome is opened—for which a company has beew formed, and the principal part of the stock sub- scribed—a diraot line of gommnnicnticn oi te opened between New York and Bytown: a straight line drawn between the two places, passing neag ” vuuca. ‘Ine alstance from Ogdensburg to Rome by the proposed route is a little over one hundred and twenty miles. A large proportion of Western produce whick passes through Ogdensburg is forwarded to New York in preference to Boston in consequence of the greater cheapness of freight, as it can be taken on board at Rouse’s Point, and landed here in lake craft, whether it be light or heavy, at six dollarg per ton from Ogdensburg, while that which ig destined for the Boston market is charged, light freight $7 80, and heavy, $11. Three passenger and the same number of freight trains leave and arrive at Ogdensburg every day in connection with New York and Boston; and ong hundred and fifty tons of manufactured goods are forwarded daily by nine propellers and steamers; the former passing through the Welland canal, and calling at the various points on Lakes Erie and Mi- chigan; and the latter calling atthe principal porta on the British and American sides of Lake Ontario, as bigh as Hamilton and Lewiston. A large quantity of foreign goods passes through Ogdensburg for ports in Western Canada, which are forwarded from New York and Boston; and thig year @ considerable amount of tea and sugar hag been cent from New York in bond, the barges from this city unloading at Rouse’s Point, and their cargoes being immediately put on board the cars for Ogdensburg, where they are shipped for their ports of destination. The freight of a barrel of flour frem Detroit 1o0g- densburg is from thirty to thirty-five cents; frond Ogdensburg to Boston it is fifty cents, and to New York from forty to forty-two. After the commenee- ment of October the charge is proportionably in- creased, on aceouut of the additional risk at a late pericd of the year. Wheat is also sent to the New York market for fourteen cents, aud to Boston for seventeen. It is further proposed to open a more direct line from Chambly, opposite Montreal, to Stanstead and Derby, near the province line—the former being im Cenada, and the latter in Vermont—which will con- nect with the terminus of the Passumpsic Railroad at Johnsbury, thus establishing a more direct route between Montreal and New York, via the New Haven line. The distance from Stanstead to Chambly and Longueuil, the terminus of the St. Lawrence and Ate lantic Railroad, opposite Montreal, is one hundred and six miles; and a bill passed the Canedian Legis- lature during its last seasion authorizing the for- mation of a company to open the proposed road. The people of Derby have already subscribed $200,000 for that object; and, about a fortnight since, @ public meeting was held at one of the town- ships interested in the undertaking,at which theHton: Mr. Baxter, of Vermont, and the Attorney General, of Lower Canada, (who is a member of the govern- ment,) were present, who strenuously advocated the contemplated line, and who proposed that the county of Stafford, in which they were assembled, should effect a guarantee on behalf of the county for #100,000 in aid of the undertaking, through their Municipal Council—an example whish would, doubtless, be fellowed by the other counties on the route. MsroantrLe Lisrary or San Francisco.—We hed occasion in our reports of the Librarians’ Con- vention, to state that a new library had been estab- lished very recently in San Francisco. It is an evi- dence that even in the midst of the increasing wealth of that city, the people trere are not unmindful of ita intellectual wants, and are taking most energetic means to have them supplied. The officers of the association appeal ina circular to the generosity of their countrymen in all parts of the Union, to assist them in their praiseworthy endeavors, and address themselves particularly to the editors of newspapers, publication offices, literary and scientific institutions, as well as legislative bodies. Adaws & Co. have generously offered to send forward all donations to the association free of charge. Marine Affairs. Derartere oF Tur Arcric.—The Cuilins steamship Are- tic, Captain Luce, left at noon yesterday for Liverpool, with 109 passengers, UNION COURSE, L. I.—TROTTING. — Satcrpay, Oct. 1—Trotting match, $500, mile heats, under the saddle, Isaac Woodruff named ch. g. Selim. . . - 11 D. Pfifer named b. g. Dutch Chark - - - 223 Time, 2:38—2:58, Selim won very easily, taking the lead at the start, and increasing the opening between him and Charley to the end, winning each heat by between sixty and seventy yards, Dutch Charley was the favorite previous to the Start at two toone, ‘After the first heat 100 to 40 waa offered in favor of Selim. It was an unpleasant day, but few persona were at the track to witness the race. Police Intelligence. IN THE CASE OF DON CARLOS DE CASTRO—SUPPOSED MISTAKE IN THE PERSON ARRESTED. The young man Camolli Von Alten, (whose arrest we noticed in yesterd: Henatp ) is still detained in cud tody, although up toalate hour on Saturday evening, not a particle of evidence or affidavits had been adduced implicating him in the matters impated against him, We are now led to believe, from circumstances within our knowled| mistaken by the o that he ont. how much Alten ntity: and to show resembles the man, Don Carloa de Castro, a physician from Tallahassee, Florida, who had attended De Castro when at that pla Hed at the Chit office, saw Alton, and has pronounced him to be the man, Others have identified him in this city ina similar manner, from the strong likeness, and have pronounco lum to be De Cantera The caso will be more fully investigated on Monday, and, nodoubdt, the mistake will be made manifest. wens tae > S32 Seo —_