The New York Herald Newspaper, September 1, 1853, Page 2

POLITICAL PARTIES IN 0510. | WSPORTANT FREESOIL MOVEMENT. LETTERS OF JOSHUA R. GIDDINGS. Propored Coalition of Whigs, Freesoilers, and Maine Law Men. CALL FOR A CONVENTION, Piam Repudiated by the Central Whigs Organ. GIDDINGS AND GREELEY TURNED ADRIFT, ke, KO, ke A miscellaneous call having been issned in Onyaboga county, Ohio, for a convention to or- panize anew party, to be formed of whigs, democrats, free soilers, and Maine law men, ac. eording to the projét of Greeley, the Hon Joshua R. Gidding, head free soil abolition Demayogue of Ohio, is pleased to write the fol- Jowing “Oily Gammon” letter upon the - jeet:— 3HE FUSION MOVEMENT—LETTER PROM J. DINGS TO DUDLEY BALDWIN, BSQ. JEFFERSON, Ang, 20, 2853. My Dean 5in—You inquire my views respecting *he proposed iusiou of parlies in your county. My opinion ean be of very little importance; yet I never withhold it on political subjects. i bave read your call fur a eouvention, and have goured the editorials in the Merald and Plain Deaier. Ltake it for granted + sagned the call are sincere in wha’ Mg from the character of that po: have the pleasure ef an acque rhould be unwilling to charge them with any Gesipn or latent fraud. They bave expressed the selves frankly in saying that the - Ast. Ovpored to the extension of slavery. 2d. That they are opposed to the 3850. 3¢. That they are in favor of separati government from all connection with elayery far a3 is can bedone itationally. 4th. That they are in favor of the { public lands to actual settlers, Sth. That they are in favor of 6th. That they are for the suppre: of meemperance. This avowal of principles isin no degree obseu or doabtful. They are distinctly set forth, and every yeader mnst understand them. [t comprebends the entire substance of a freeman’s creed ; i ati A. GID the men wh yg Sainiog slavery in Cuba, or in o: condemns the employment of the a. in assisting cr mordering fugitive slaves; as was lately done in Texas, and of using the ‘Home Sqnadroa,” or the revenue entters, to protect the slave trade, according %© the practive of past years. In short, I can see no | yeazon why any anti-slavery man should object to the movement. | do not, however, sappose you will | meet with any difficulty from that quarter. It is one ef the distinguishing virtues oi the advovates of lib- bet Oy cael they will not contend for party names, pro- ve they can maintain the great basis of all human riphis. Phe iriends.of equal taxation, and of the Maine | lew. are in the same situgtion. The platform em- | braceca!l these; they will, 1 have no doub:, stand | abduider to shoulder in the coming conflict; but | apprehend that the real obstacles to your success wil be found to exist in that attachment which men | bsse to party names, and party pride, and party | prejudices; to that feeling of personal hostility which has been engendered between individuals | whe have heretofore politically opposed each Thbsve myself often been asked wheti consent to act with persons who had he: sailed me with great persoual bitterne formly answer, “‘ Yes,’ and thank Go that he ba grace to suppost the tin! i rinciple for which we lat or the democrats would embrace tue | id matintain the inalienable rights of all men | fo liberty. | would at once s mae the democrac; iy th in your call idvalor character will county and ayoy his | etrmes Oa whieh your | or th weor prin wever will do that. mnien is based. . The ¢ Maintain the doctrines st forta in be no stronger pledve than that ¢ @all iteelf; yet the sferald of your city lis here coald i ol gards the movement asa pi Main, got up to eflert some oF to carry out some hidden @ # into an inquiry as to the lying that they ar oi the ‘primary de of putting a “judi fall,” and «t in nomination this ives of all parties on ” He ap pears to object than tha’ of main- taming the doctrin Now, I will say most the movement be any « utically, if the object of than that expressed ; i at those men are atteniptic upon the ablie ; if the unfou | it dowa the | ad of maintaining principle, | as the Herald ivtim . then Jet every bonest man eet out of it at o1 or such pglitical knave, and the signers stand firmly in fraths to which they are PI migners be honest and come forth boldly to the de- fence of themselves and doctrines, meet their assail- ants ip the full assurance of conscious integrity, their $emmph will be certain. The Plan Deale: tacitly admits the justice and | propriety of your doctrines, and that it is right for | mdividuals to cherish them, but denounces any united | effort to ca em into practice. Ifsnch arguments | Geter the people of your county from carrying out | the enterprive, I shall have misapprebended their | Amielligence and their independence. No one denbts that nine-teaths of the elec yahova county, including all political really in favor cf the doctrines on which yr | ont union is founded. H e whts? Will they do their own voting? I have | too much knowledge of them to doubt on that point. | No, my dear sir, if you fail, it will not be through the fault of the people, but of those ‘More prominent | Individoals, whose duty it is to be active and vigilant | in carrying forward this enterprise. If thev hesitate ‘alter while standing upon the vantage ground, they will prove unfaithfal to themselves, as well as to their country and to mankind. I eed not say, that the call in this county is sub- Btantiolly the same as yours, although tie free demo- | cracy have heretofore carried the ele: over both the other parties united, and will do it whenever ‘hey shall unite Very respectfully, ‘ J. R. Geoppises. And the following is the response of the cen- tral whig organ, repudiating the unholy alli. ance E OWLO STATE J Ise drive from you every the honest CANAL VS. JOSHUA R. GIDDINGS* h ys the Cleveland Plain Deater> “of ‘furion’ on the part of Giddings, and ‘eject —_ on rood mtg . the Journal. It is an imperti- nent proposition to wed by Gid., peremptorily re- fased by the Jowrnal. There can apie ‘preach of Promixe’ grow out of it, fur there is not the slightest encouragement given that in any contingency matri- mony may result, Giddings woos by letter through the True Democrat, and the Journal dissents in the following editorial. Wouder if the Herald will 20 Overcome its basbfulness as uow to find tongue to k, ov is it all ears, ag usual?” Listen to the Journal, — We copy the above from the Cleveland 7° Deno érat. \t tsa part of the letter of Mr. Giddings to a citizen of that place. We putiton record for the Purpose of preserving the evidence of the basis upon ‘which the new “fnsion’’ movement rests. Now, we ask candid, unprejndiced minds, if they os! tyne these measures, here enumerated as a part of the programme, can be carried out, and stil! pre- Serve tne union and harmony of these States? Look, for instance, at the proposition to interdict the right Of the slave States to send their slaves from one State to another, by sea, on the southern coast. Does any sane man suppose such a moeavite could be edopied without doing vivleuce to the righte and wsueges of the South? jrid they imagine they ‘were giving any such authority to Congress’ Look, | judeed, at the spirit of the whole programme! How can a party, based on sucha plutforin, expect to at- fain a national character? How can’ it hope to wspire to anything beyond a narrow. ssctional, and ephemeral existence? “It may succeed in a pertica Jar State, or section of a State, fora time, by con tinned appeals to sectional B a bya but it cannot hope to endure, or to stand the scrutiny of an en- Barge, pwrriotic, and statesmanlike mind. ose & man elected to Congress on such an issue! . Sup pone a cielegate holding such views i in a national ecnvention’ How can that than hope to possess a oafele of influence, or advance an. 1y good canse? ‘e know that many conscientious men think seme good will be accomplished if a anion on this ‘darie ie formed; but we must beg leave to dissent. We tiak it ie eyident, from this ietvor of Mr. Gidding» , | Thu 82 who would | } | of the movement. | baited with £ | vention; or, if suc’ at somebody is bound to be cheated. Ovrwhig ods think the fee scilers are ing over % and the free soilers are sure that all who go into this “fasion” movement will have gece ever 10 the free soil faith. Perhaps it wil) satisfy both sides for this year; but néxt when members of Con- gress are to be chosen, these questions will arise, and the captidates must answer poem in ee a mative :—* ‘on opposed e ive Slay: Jaw; will you ole fer its repeal ? Wil! you vote for the immediate abolition of slavery in the District of Colmbia ¢ Wuall you vote to probibit slaveholders from carrying their slaves by sea from one southern port to another / Wi') you vote to prohibit their passing through the United States territories with ir suaves / These and other similar questions must all be an- swered in the affirmative. If man wishes to go to Congress he must go there pledged to Le a sectional, radical sgitatcr. He must be sectional.. He can hope to do no good, as a nee , fur the general interests of the country. All his time and taleats must be devoted to the consideration and discussion of plans and means to cripple and barrass and anney the South, without the least bility of aveom- plishing the objects of his mission, and wich a cer- tainty of stirring up and keeping alive a feeling of sectional bitterness and ill will. _ Now, how many whigs desire to stand in this posi- tion at the preset time? How many of them desire to join a new party, that bas for its basis this sort of foundation? Perhaps there are more than we sup- pose. But we again decline to deliver ourselves up to any sneh sacrifice. We may be defeated this year unless we come in. Very well ; we can’t help that. We know of @ good many things that would be worse than a defeat this year. We have been 3 sol: dier in the ranks long enough to be very eure that defeat does not destroy; that ‘truth crushed to earth will rise again,” and that the man cr the party that is constantly on the look-out for expedients, for tem- porary advantages, &c., will find in the end, that character and success have been sacrificed, and for @ very small consideration. We repeat, somedody is bound to be cheated ia this “ fusion,” operation. We wish to show our hat Giddings and his friends expect to conte a 1 they are prepared to face this sort of music, we have nothing tosay. With a knowledge of the facts, they alone must be responsible for the conse quence The ing, trom the Temperance Organ, Cuyahoga county. shows that the Maine law people algo think they smell a rat, and are @ to turn up their noses, and pass by on th 4 WORD TO THE YUSIONISTS—LET THE “ TEMPE- RANCE ORGAN’ SPEAK. [From tne Harpoon. | or CvuyanoGa Covyty :— who desire so to shape their po- promote the best interests of the ho are opposed to gitive act of 1850—wl e ral government from all ere it can be done constitutionally ; m of the national domajn to actual set nu limited quantities; and in State matters, 1 ve @ more upright and economical ad- of government—the taxivg alike the prope of individuals and corporations according to its real value : and who seek the suppression of the evils of intemperance, by the enactment of the essen- tial prmciples of the Maine law, are requested to meet at their usuat places of holding electi jay, the 1st day of September, 185 o'clock, P. M., and there proceed to elect six gates, who assemble on Saturday, the 3d of Septem- ber, at the Court House, in Cleveland, at 10 o'clock, A. M., to nominate a legislative and county ticket, to be supported at the ensuing election.” The above call has been signed by many of the Voters of this city and county, and if the principles which it embraces, to none of which can any person reasouably object, are carried into practice by a con- vention acting accordingly, and in the spirit and good faith which actuated a very large breporsa of those persons who zigued it, it will be a glorious harbi ger of the ‘‘good time coming.” That such may be the re- sult ix to b¢ hoped, but that such is not intention of some who signed it is probable, if not certain. Partisan selfishness and prejudice are to some ex- tent, though limited, at work to use the move at once asa cover and means of an attack upon the democratic or ‘‘locofoco” party. Now, as I never have belonged, and never expect to belong, to that , [ cannot reasonavly be sup: posed to be attempting to electioncer, or manufac- apital for it, py anything I may say in this ar- any further than candor and strict justice, and olicy to the temperance party, requires. t that party spirit, the bane of almost ever the motive to action in this move witl sons, I annex the following extracts from Jarticleon the subject in the Herald :— ‘s Convyention—It has been known to connection 5 everybody in the community that a call has been in circulation fur signatures, with a view, as we have been informed, to the formation of a county t to represent and be supported by the antl- eo electors of Cuyahoga county. The call itsel’, however, seems to have been written without care, and in a bungling manner, t> accomplish the sed ends. “We do not know whether the convention which pursuance of this call, will refuse to ‘tion correspond with the prima: design If it be to put in nomination a judicicus county ticket for the coming fall election, with no other view, this is ove thing; if it be to ef- fect a‘ union of the progressives of all parties” on the fre or abolition platform of sectional and anti-slavery agitation, and nothing else, this is quite another thing. That the latter was not the object of the conveutiun, and that no such design would be displayed, we have been assured by many whigs, Whose names are attached to the call.” If the formation of an “ anti-loco foco” ticket is | “the primary design” of the movement, the conven- tion should never have been called, and when it meets it had better adjourn without making any nominations, unless, as wil! be the case, the good sense of the majority shovld prompt them to rule that “ primary design” out of order, or in some way knock it'in the head the first move, and proceed ac- cording to the letter and spirit of the call. Yo aid in securing the triumph of the temperance cause, at the gies election, I am not only willing, but determined, so far as may be necessary, to sacri- fice all partisan feelings, but decline any part in a bushtichting campaign against the “loco focos ” even thongh it were certain they al! deserve toma- hawking and scalping. it has been too much the case in county conven- tious formerly, that the delegates from the country merely came in and ratified nominations that were previously resolved upon, or, to all intents and pur- preset phn made by a few interested persons. n such cases, country delegates are used jast like Siphees in arithmetic—to increaze the importance or value of other figures they are placed beside. It is —— ibis policy was totally defeated and aban- joned. To onr temperance and anti-slavery friends in the | county, | would sey, turn out to the primary meet- ings, and send full delegations to the convention. Never mind if there should be a whig trap there, rofessed opposition “ to the extension of slavery—to the Fugitive act, &c ,and the Maine law:” but just tell your delegates not to puta foot in it. They cafi easily spring it by the following plan, aud then, knowing if it should be there, and where it was set, it will be a very harmless thing after that. Just propose a nominating committee of nine— three of each rk ey Teport candidates to the con- pointed, introduce aresolution that the nominees o the convention, as near as may be, should be se- | lected omy from temperance men of all three parties, anker, as quic drophobia. it is said by some that there are no reliable Maine law demoorates in the county suitable for office; or, pither on would bring spasms on an old aa water would on @ victim of hy- ifso, that there is but a small portion of the party who would sustain them if nominated. To the first remark I would reply, that is a mistake; and to the second, 80 much the more should they be sustained by temperance men of other parties, ax a reward for their independence in acting from principle, in de fiance ofa majority of their party. Axotine Deatructive Fine Ricasxonn.— Ou Monday morning about three o'clock, the mill perty furmerly owned by the Virginia Sieel Com- situated between the paper mill and James ond immediately below the Kichmond and urg Railroad bridge, in this » Was de- d by fire. This property embraced three cings—a large two story plaster mill, a large wooden shed adjviving, ned for the storage of ground and unground plaster, and a large, new wooden building used as a planing mill, a few steps distant trom the other buildings, The whole re consumed, including their _machisery and fixtures, and a quantity of plank. Four yalua- ble planiog machines were also materially injured, if not rendered wholly useless. A heavy loss was also sustained by the destry wheels, between the plaster id planing mills. The property belonged to Isaac R. Watkins Eag., who recently purchased it from Robert R. Daval, Esq., | end yho had since the porchase pit in operation the plasing mill. Weare glad to Karn from Mr. Wathics that his jos will not be great. Indeed, it may )e that he is fully iasnred. He has an insurance in the office of the Virginia Fire and Marine Com- pany, for £°,000, which will ey cover his log. ‘he fe broke ont in the plaster mill, immediately alongside the railroad bridge, (which was with great difficulty prevented from taking fire,) and was no doubt communicated by the hand of an incendiary. It was discovered about three o'clock in tae morning. —Richwond Enquirer, Aug. 90. Tue indenendent democrats of the Sscoud Assembly istrict of Cryugm, have wosinated David Wright for the Avemtiy, @ committee should not be ap- | brisk house, used as a | of two large water | The Tripertite Treaty. iS SExM2 OFFICIAL VIEW OF LORD JOEN RUSHEL1'S EE JOINDER TO MR. BY, "s LETTER. The Bet From the Bostow: Ae uy lied ¢ Brit governed lengt! we rep! to the commurivation of Mr. Everest rejectiog the joint fo pare made by England and france to enter sea amine aged to Cuba. Lord John Russell ned, a the Se despatch. From this it sp- that ts have con- Pehed tonetbere et ‘he reply only expresses the views of “her Maest goveranent.” This may or may not be significant. But the fact is worth es hy The document is exclusively British.» It is week and disingennons, and it is fui) of arrozant assumption and iting leeture reading. John resents himself as a schoolmaster, giving Jonathan Tessons about international law, the golden rule, and Christianity. : t It may be well to look at the occasion that elicited £0 curt an epistle trom a proper stand point. The interest that the United Stites have in Cuba cannot be unknown to Lord John Russell. This, by the former, has never been concealed, but on the con- trary it has been openly proclaimed and constantly acted on. Whenever events threatened interference, from aboad, with Cuba, this country has interposed promptly, irankly and boldly, When, for instance, the newly created South American States, at war with Spain, and in the flush of victory, planned its conquest, a quarttr ef a centary ago, this govern- ment announced to Hngland, Rusta and France, its policy as to it, A large French fleet in 1825 ap- peared in the West India seas, when Henry Clay was Secretary of State. In instructions to our Mi- nister at Paris, he was directed to demand explana- tions as to this fleet. Ina despatch\dated October 24, 1825, Mr. Clay writes:— Tt was stated to the Frendh government that the United States could not see, with imdifferencs, those islands (Cube and Porto Rise) pacsing from Spain to any other Hurepran power: that lor ourselves, no change was desired in their presen! political and com- miereial conéition, nor in the possession which spain has of them, In the rame spirit, and with the hope of guarding beforeband against any porsible diMoulties on Uhat subject that may arise, you will now add, that we could not consent to ine cceu pation of chore lands by ony oiber Buropean power chan Spain, uni cumstances whatever. Now the soundness of this policy, so far from being weakened by the march of events, has been strength- ened. By it Cnba already is virtually protected. Now twenty-five years have worked wonders in ex- pending American interests; and if ideas and palicy d ave aliered and expanded with them, it is in obe- ience to a law of manifest destiny as to the republic. This policy, as to Cuba, is only to be more closely rotective. This is now plainly revealed. Itisseea in 1852 that Cuba is as much destined to be a por- tion of this Union as it was seen in 1800 that such was the destiny of New Orieans. And hence what would bave been wise and proper in 1825 is not ex- actly so in 1852. Bold denial of European occupanty of Cuba has grown into bold advocacy of Cuban an- It was while this Cuba problem was thus ng itself out that England and France came forward and invited the United States to enter into a treaty with them to prevent Cuba from American annexation ! To this the Secretary of State, Mr. Everett, made his truty American reply. His go- vernment, of-course, declined the insidious and en- tapgling proposal, and gave sound American reason why it was declined. Jn doing this he opened up to England and Francea pregnant chapterof American international law. It is this rejection that has eli cited from from Lord John Russell this bit of tart, motherly advice. The tirst remark Lord John Russell makes is, that the nature of the question hardly seemed to require Mr. Everett's elaborate arguments ; for both govern- ments, be thinks, were aware of the growth of the United States, of its additions of territory, of the seven yetrs war, and the American war. For what pues are they urged he asks? Frankly tountold he fate of this gem of the Antilles, and to explain why it is destined to be a portion of this country; to declare to the world the truth, that, in the no very distant futnre, Cuba will be no less necessary to the American Union than the American Union will be necessary to Cuba; and that this country will take all fair aud honorable means to acquire it. This is the American way of procedure. To be sure this sounds strange to European ears. The object of diplomatic notes, with monarchists, has been to conceal de rather than declare them. With them duplicity is absolutely necessary to en- sure their foul schemes success. Hence, had a Nes- selrode penned a diplomatic note to Poland previons to its partition; or Lord John Russell one to Den- mark previous to the destruction of its fleet at Co- enbagen; or to Turkey previous to the battle of Navarino; or to natives of the Punjab or Chusan be- fore they were annexed to Great Britain, the commu- nication would have been full of well turned phra- ses—in Lord John’s ki we—of “the -value of those eternal laws of right and wrong, of peace and friendship, and of duty to our neighbors, which ought to guide every Christian nation.” I: would haye evlarged on the utility of those rmles “ which for centuries have been known to Enrope by the name of the law of nations;” and it would have closed with expressions indicative of absolute horror of any nation’s setting ‘‘ the example of abrogating the most sacred provisions” of law. ‘The practicai comment on all which would have been, the mowing down of the Chinese as mowers cut the grass; the bloody progress of British power in India; the waa- ton destruction of the fleets of Demark and Turkey; end that stupendous national crime, the partition of Poland. America bas no such schemes as these, and reeds no such false-guised diplomacy. Now, § a worker out of such Christian ethics and interna- tional law that assumes the duty of, admonition. This erropant peer Ae be despised by the free millions of America. They will distrust the qualid- cations of the lecturer. They will not, asa_‘‘ Chris- tian nation,” be guided by his walk. They will brand all this as rank hypocrisy. It is from a power that has hesitated not, in the attainment of political ends, to trample on every lav, human and divine; and it has no more right to play the mora! me:ttor to oung and rising America than Satan has to teach hove to the angelic host. Lord John Rusgell; avers that both Great Britain and France have an interest in theffate of Cuba, a3 well as the United States, and in consequence of their possestions in those seas. But this poimt has been often enlarged on. ie is it to remark, that in the judgment of the people of this country, while the | interest of France and Great Britain is, compar: tively, a non-essential to their national life, the in- | terest this country has in Cuba is so deep, vital and seif-preservative, ina national point .of vicw, as to | immensely outweigh all other interests; that, in a word, it is to this nation whatan island at the mouti: of the Thames would be t» England; and no British logic, backed by Britivh Christianity, can move one hair’s breadth this opinion. Pur Lord John Russell to pretend that the United States has no deeper inter- est in Cuba than France or England has, is simply | preposterous. It is entirely inadmissible. Indeed, Lord John knows better than, in majesterial self-suffi- cient phrase. to write that there is “ no grounds” for | the opinion that “ the Fife of Cuba by Great Britain or France would be menacing to the United States:” and he deserves a smart flogging for his im- udence as well as for his haughtine:s. France and England are the two great maritime powers—powers, Lord Jobn Russell says, ‘ the most formidable to the United states; ‘‘ the only two powers’’—this is!Lond John again— who could be rivais with the United States for the possession of Cuba.” Now, in the niinde of every patriotic American, Cuba is the key of the splendia commence of the Mississippi; and the idea that two such powers, siugly or combined, would be permitted to hold the castle of Moro, or this key, is supremely ridiculous. If this would not be menacing, what conld be? This would be to iow these two formidable powers to control the com- merce of our western world. If we held Cuba, we might affect a few small and decaying colonies; if they held Cuba, it would jeopardize no sinall part of onr Magniiicent and grawing trade. Was ever any- pee more coo] aud impudent than Lord John’s po- sition One argument of Mr. Evefett appears to Lord John Russell ‘not only unfounded, but disquieting; to wit: that a tripartite treaty, so far from represring lawlees attempts at Cuban invasion, would stimulate them. “A melanancholy ayowal for the chief a great State,” he exclaims, ‘and then falls to preachin about the golden rule and the laws of nations. ‘Alt this is gratnitous. Such lecturing as this is needed by the egg Heep tyrants who rule Cuba as with a rod of iron. This rule is a disgrace to the age. A treaty solemnly binding the United States and Eug- | land and France to keep this beantifn! islands wel ded forever to the corpse of an old despot- sm, and to such monstrous local govern- ment as offiicta it, would indeed be a stimulant to revolutionists. There is so deep a hatred of oppression in this country, and in Cuba also, that sich a treaty would be regarded as violative of the epirit of the age, and it would be so revolting to every sense of common justice, and of the duty that | etroggling man owes to bis brother, as to excite the most feariul indignation liveliest combina- tious. We have not bir. letter at hand to see the whole passage ths Jolin quotes, and whether it has not 'Y_ perverted. Bat this wholesale lecturing o: « nation deserves the | eeverest comment. It was | ough in Bocenegra | or Hulsemann, the repre utives of two pitifal ty- tyraunies; it is growiy, offe © in the representa- | tive of a nation like Great ‘ tain. The reflection | ith a decided threat. It is well that the whole an world should | look this plump in the face. We, therefore, pick it | out. Here it is, the crowning glory of this frowning { paper :— i Great Britain moet et cace vosume her entire Iherty: and upon any occasion that may esil for it, be free to act either ringy 0: soujunction with other powers, aa to her may rcem fit. This is more lion like than explicit. What is the meaning of it all? It bears about it, beyond qnestion, an immense significance. What is the pura: rtot it ¢ What this nation has said, under all adiniuistrations, at all the courts, through all its governmental forms, | is this ; that under no circnny es whatever will | @ Puropean power. other than Spain, be allowel to hold Cube. Now, the overture Logiand maie was to | . | who has been travellix | county presents, af present, every promi not to meddle with Cuba if the United States agree not to do it, This has been fittly dec! In consequenee, 's the interpretation of the oracte this! That now Great Britain will consider herself free to annex Onba to her kingdom when she s¢€8 fit to do it/ This would seera to be the most rea- sonable interpretation; and if this be the true one, then there is a thrent indeed. That, however, will uot scare folks on this side of the Atlantic. 1 This communication, take it altogether, is singu~ lar. When the’ Jast administration so well declined toepter into a tripartite with France and England, it but carried out a vital hey declared in the beginning of the repnb)ic, and as vital today, to wit:—to avoid entangling foreign alliances. ‘There was no call, on thie account, for such a letter. Indeed, the time for such epistles ay this ie, from John Boll, bas passed. Jt may be well that he should know it. Affairs In Mexico. . (From the New Orleans Picayune, Aur. 23.) By Se tark Governor Hinckley, which arrived at this port yesterday from Vera Croz, which place she leit on the dh inst, we have been put in poe session of the Siglo of the 4th inst. An order directing the pursuit and agprehension of all deserters from the army, in order that the punishment provided by law for them may be in- flicted, is published. ‘The conclusion of @ report on the proposition to establish a bank is also published. The report is un- equivocally unfavorable. An estimate of the public expenditure for the year between the let of July, 1863, and the J0th of June, 1884, is given at $5,743,680 23, A cireniar bas been issued requiring the sbroga- tion of the epithets, “sovereign, free and indepen- dent” to the several States, as implying inconsis- tency with the federal constitution. A civeular has been issued relieving foreigners from the inconvenience they have hitherto been caused by being compelied to give way to the em- ployment of their exttle in the | Serres service, where there are noue forthvoming under the ordi- nary arrangements. The hability to this tax, for such it is, is hereafter to be contined entirely to Mex- icans. The Siglo protests against such ‘a partial Gisti on. The Diario publishes an official communication from the Prefecture of Dnrango, dated Jaly 15, in which it is stated that on the 13th the justice of the peace of Nayor went out with thirty two men to ex- plore that portion of the Sierra Madre from which some Indians had made a foray aud carried off live stock belonging to the inhabitants of the place. The Tesult is said to have been ‘the recapture of sll the stolen stock except three, which they found dead, the finding of the Yorpse of Reyes Hernandez, with thirty one arrow wounds inflicted on it, and the db- servation that the track of the Indians went in the direction of Los Navios, towards Mazatlan. An order bas been issued granting full pay to all solciers of every rank in actual service in garrison. Gen Bravo has found it necessary to address a letter to the Universal, containing assurances of his patriotic fidelity to the existing order of things. Sexor D. Antonio de Haro y Tamaris has resigned his office of Minister of Finance. The Siglo is in clined to attribnte the step to some differences arising out of bis oppcsition to the back project above re- ferred to, seems to consider this change in the cabinet as portending no good. The death of Gen. D. Manel Maria Villada is an- nounced. He died at Tixtla, in Guerrero, of which State he had just assumed the government. Biack vomit is said to have been the cause of his death. The disease is said to have been introduced by a bark from Panama, which arrived at Acapyico, and spreading thence many have fullen victims to the malignant destroyer. The criminal judges have issued a notice that no fees are to be claimed from offenders or their friends, under any title or pretext whatever, by subordinate officers of the court. Later from Texas. YELLOW VEVER—QUARANTINE REGULATIONS—THE OROPS, ETC. The Galveston Civilian of the 19th, says:—“ The Perseverance, which arrived at our quarantine on Tuesday, we learn, brought one case of yellow fever on board, and one passenger died of the disease on the passage.” The News seys:—‘ The steamship Perseverance left on Wednesday sre for Indianola, with the two yellow fever cases on board, which she brought bere on her arrival, one being a deck passenger, and the other one of the boat's crew. The well passen- ae having piped the obligation not to come within the limite of the city for five days, some few came on shore at the quarantine landing, and are passing the five days at different places on the island to the west- ward of the city, and some five or six others are staying out the time at the quarantine landing, while we believe the larger portion went on board the steamer Dr. Smith, with the view of going into the country. We bave heard of no cases of sickness among any of them.” The committee appointed to select a hospital and quarantine burying ground, have selected a spot, some halt a mile east of the city hospital, which they m in every respect wel! adapted to the purpose in view. The Galveston News of the 19th says:--Up to this time Galveston continues unusually healthy. There are but four city invalids now in the hospital. Of these, onc is a case of consumption, one has an ulcer on his leg, and two have intermittent fever. Al! our pie $s with whom we have spoken say they bave but few cases, and those EES ofa mild form, yielding readily to the usual remedies. Allotber parts of the State from which we have intelligence also continue healthy. A Houston cor- respondent of the News, writing on the 17th, says: —TI am gratified in being able to inform you at this critical season of the year, in regard to health, that our community remains exempt from disease, as much £0, perbaps, as avy population of the same number, North or South, at this season of the year. J happen to be connected with two associations, who make it their business to inquire weekly into the health cf their respective members, with a view to the relief of such as may be sick. Neither of these associations has a single case of sickness within the fraterniti The city of Houston has established qnarantine re- gulations. The ordinaace had been transmitted to the Mayor of Galveston, und appears in the papers panes in that city on the 19th. The penalty for neaking quarantine there is fixed at five hun- dred dollars, and the period of five days after the disappearance of all sickness on board must elapse, and the vessel must be properly fumigated, before a ciean bill of beaith will be granted. The Mayor of Houston, in transmitting the ordinance, ia a letter dated the 17th, says :— A report-reachéd us this morning that an attempt to evade the quarantine laws of your city would be made; and as our city au- thorities are anxions to co operate with yours to pre- vent the introduction of diseases of any kind ‘into or through either of our cities, the Board. of Aldermen was immediately conyened, and the enclosed ordi- bance was twanimously adopted.” ‘The varions pli give the election returns in de tail, as fer as they are known, but they are not com- plete, and it has not been thought worth while to (Be the total number of votes us yet recorded to ave been given for each candidate. The News says :—‘‘ It will be seen by footing up the colamns that Bell hes received ab-ut double Scurry’s vote; that Scurry is alittle ahead of Lewis; that Lewis is abead of Caruthers; and that Blake is last in order. Pease has thus far recctyed about one-third more yotes than Ochiltree; Ochiltree about twice as many as Wood; Wood three times as many a3 Evans or Charabers; and Dancy is last.” As to the crops, the Galveston Journal says:~A | commission house in this city has received a letter from a leading plauter at Montgomery, dated the 7th inst., stating that they have had a good deal of rain aud cloudy weather fately—just enough rain to do great damage to cotton, causing it to grow to weeds, shed its forins, and prodace the dreaded ene- my, the catterpillar. They have been found on severa! plantations, and no mistake, He says if the weather continues as at the time of writing, the: will not progress so fast as to destroy the ae f the cotton leaf is eaten by them before the 1st of Sep- tember, not more than half a crop can be made. The weed is Jarge, but there is no frait, so that even without the catterpillar the prospect is not good for- a large crop. The Columbia Democrat says the cotton crops in the upper part of Brazoria county are looking very finely. Indeed, it would be difficult to find more pro- iising fields than those on Oyster creek at the pre- sent time. They will all give an abundant yield. The Lemorrai has been informed by a gentleman in the upper counties, he- tween the irazos and Colorado, that the cotton and corn crops are a4 promising as could be expected. ‘The late rains have done much for the planters. The Marshall Republican says the planters are in good spir ‘There is every prospect of a fiue crop. The corn is already made, and will be nearly equal to last year. Cotton is onnsuaily late, but promising. The’ worm has made its uppearance on several plan- tations; but should the present favorable weather continue, the yield will be abundant. The Leon Pioneer says the cotton crop of that of the most abundant yield, and is confident that the yield will doubie that of last year. hs The Nacogdoches Chronicle leirns from Kaufman county that the wheat crop in that section of coun- try is Dnusually fine—the best thyty-five bushels to the acre, and the poorest twenty-five bushels. e Univeston ews, of the 19th, says that from wo gentlemen who arrived in that city on the pre- vious day, from the eastern portion of the State, it was Jearued that the health of the country was gene- rally good, and crops were promising everywhere. A correspoudent of the same paper, writing from Fairfield, says :~-Perhaps the best criterion to judge of the progreas of the State may be found in the in- crease of the exporta of cotton and sugar, and the ratio in these, comparing last season with the pre vious one, shows a gain of about 834 per cent. Next, year, I presume, will exhibit a similar degree of progress. The quantity of land in cultivation is in- creasing in even a greater ratio. Another correspondent, writing from Houston, a SEE 'S-S=CSCC ascertain the T find that, , the present is a most tavored season says :—I have taken much pains to prospects of the ‘in the interior. upon the for Texas. I conversed recently with a very intelli- \tleman, connected with the press, who has been travelling ip the sugar. ing re- gout le says the cane has a very ty, and ealthful appearance, ie very large and promising, and that the Suaae vlanias a9 indulging in the most agen expect in regard to their prospects. He tnforms me that the planters are all alive in that region in relation to internal improvements—say fear a and_ will have railroads, canals, plank- roads, &c. The Austin American says that the new capitol building is rapidly | getiriee, tm completion. The roof is in a state of considerable forwardness. The eontrectors think they can have the rooms in a suit- able caudition for the reception of the Legislature by the Ist of November. ) Same paper states that more improvements are going on ia Austin in the way of buitding, than at any time previously. These buildings are generally of a very substantial Soe. Every deseription of property is rising ue. The Galveston News says:—Mr. Preston, who is one of the contractors of the boa a line, says the yom are now all up acd ready for the wires, fora jistamee of one hundred and fifty miles this side of Shraveport. Some considerable delay has been oc- casioned by the non-arriva! of materials up Red River, and by long-continned rains, but the work is now going forward rapidly; but, in consequence of the unavoidable loss ef time, the whole line will not probably be completed til) the month of November. The Huntsville /tenm Jearns that a man was killed in Crockett, on the mereing of the election, by his brother-in-law, for whipping his wife, (the murderer's sis‘er)—names not remembered. 2 The Nacogdoches Chronicle learns that Martin | Spencer was killed onthe day of the election in Rusk, Cherokee county, by a mau named Lighter. The Galveston Journal says, & shocking murder ‘was committed on the 19th ult. on the person of Mrs. Cooper, living near Cauton, Smith county, by a negro man belonging to Dr. Fowler, of Canton. The negro first cut Mrs. Cooper's throat, and then at- tempted to cut the threat of her iittle son, but did not succeed in killing bim. When the negro was captured, the child identified bira as the one who had perpetrated the deed. Public excitement ran so bigh on the following day that the negro was taken outand hung. The negro had previously confessed the horrible deed. The Columbia Democrat advocates strongly the construction of a railroad from that town to Whar- ton on the Colorado. It believes that railroads cau be constrncted and fitted up in that country for $12,000 per mile. At tis estimate the whole cost of the read need not be more than $400,000. The schooner Star, zepariea to have left Mobile on the 12th inst., for Galveston, had not yet arrived. Colonel Manly and J. S. Vedder were expected to ar- rive inher, The Ansgin State Gazeite mentions the death of Mr. Lasse McKenzie, a citizen of Travis county, by a fall from a horse. He was in town and left tor home in the evening, somewhat intoxicated; the next morning he was foond @ mile from the town, lying on the ground speechless. He lingered for three days when death released him from his sufferings. The Indianola Bulletin of the 16th, says: Ourtown continues in the enjoyment ot most perfect health, and as the steamers occupy four days in the trip from New Orleans to Galreston, (which, however, by the passengers on the last vessel is pronounced a farce,) we have every reason to hope that we may not be visited by this disease. We take great pleasure in noting the fact that our worthy merchants, Huck & Ogsbury, have purchased from Mr. William G. Ve- nable, of the Guadaloupe river, 3,000 bushels of corn, | which they design as return freight on their lumber | vessels to Pensacola, where it is already engaged at paying prices. This is the first corn we have ever nown to be shipped from Western Texas, but is only the beginning of what, in a few years, will be- come an article of extensive exportation from this country. The San Antonio Ledger of the 11th, says: A mild tyne of a species of influenza is prevailing throughout the town. It is epidemical. There is a! present considerable billious fever on the Cibolo. ‘The Spentsh Government and the Cuban Slave ‘Traae—Letrtion of Cuban Kesldents for the Suppression of the Later, MR. GOICOURIA'S LETTER Not the least among the causes which impel and justify the Cuban people in their course of revolution, is the policy of Spain—crue} alike to both races—in cherishing the African slave trade, and filling Cuba with a barbarous and rapidly preponderating negro population. Torn by hard force from their own soil, these | savage importations bring with them to onrs fatal \ | gent recent seeds of danger and dismay. While they are in every sense alien to American interests, they serve to fill | the coffers of Spain, and at the same time gratify the desire of Europe to impose checks on the pro- gress of the American republics, by confronting them in the central heart of their o vn seas with an oppos- ing barrier of negro dynasties. These legions of resruits from Africa are sent to our island to mono- polize the avenues of labor, and exclude white emi- grants, while they garrison Cuba—the most com- manding naval and military station in America for the service of transatlantic despotism. That this is the deliberate policy of Spain, I am prepared to prove from abundant data, and by my own experience of the hindrance and covert disfavor of the Spanish authorities to the efforts of the Cubans to introduce European laborers in the island, 7 shall nt the facts of this case at an early day ; but in the meantime | would give to the public this following memorial, which the Spanish ofjicials in Cuba considered of such criminal boldness that it | occasioned the exile of some ofthe parties. It is simply a true and respectful petition for the suppres- sion of the slave trade; but the Spaniards were indignant that Cubans should have the presumption to address the authorities at all on this subject, and without their previous consent. In 1843 a negro insurrection was attempted in the Matanzas and Cardenas districts, and in the course of the measures taken for its fed ea strong sus- icions arose against English emissaries ; and among e recent and disaffected importations from Africa were fuund en who had in some way acquired a knowledge of the English language. The occurrence of 1843 induced ninety-three of tie most respectable gentlemen of Matanzas to unite inthe subjoined pe- tition, which, though just, moderate and necessary, was resented es a criminal audacity, and was chas- tised by the imprisonment of the leader. This fact is one of many parallel illustrations of the character of the “ paternal government” of te and explains in part our motives in devoting life and fortune to its overthrow. Yours, respectfully, &c., D. ve Gorcovrra. Nuw York, August 30, 18° Petition of the Cubans for the Sappressicn of the Sinve Tratte. To 1HE CAPTALN General oF Orna :— The undersigned, m --bents, proprietors and | planters, of the district omprived in the military ju- risdiction of Matanzas, ere impelied by a sacred duty to call the attention of your Excellency to a matter of the highest importance to this country, which Her Majesty the Queen, has committed to your vigilant | care. This matter is the introduction of African negroes. The practice of this ominous contraband trade, ia despite of humanity, of justice, of our most solomn national treaties, and of the various decrees of our gracious sovereign, has accumulated upon the terri- tory of this island a colored population, amounting, according to efficial statistics, to six hundred and seventy thousand (670,000), of which four hundred and ninety eight thousand (4:8,000) are slaves. The white race cannot increase with so rapila progress and experience demonstrates that these op- ot elements cannot be conciliated. What can resuit from this violation of order, but the state of conflict in which we now see ourselves ? Thus it becomes necessary to say to your Excel- lency that the Island of Cuba finds itself placed in a most false and precarious position. It does not re- quire much penetration to understand where mast arrive the consequences of the preponderance of the colored Daag ok Me and free. Unhappily, we have in Hayti a terrible example, too near us not to be warned to avoid becoming a second oditton of such a work. The slaves have surrection and ana: that occurred this very year at Bemba, and lately on the sugar estate of Trinnvirato, in this jurisdiction; and it belongs to your paterna! adminfatration to hear the general protest against a contraband trade which, while continued, compromises day by day the politi- cal existence of the island, in swelling the number and strengthening the power of this alien race. Since the triumph of the race in Hayti and the emancipation in Jamaica, the emissaries sent, not ovly from these islands, hnt from persons and socie- ties—whose existonce is not unknown to our wire government—swarin on the soil of Cuba, notwith- standing the assiduous zeal and keen vigilance of our authorities, and combine incessantly to nourish this dangerous tendency. Another class of ul ‘onaries, still more to be feared, as it will min with and infect plantation gangs, is that which will be brought to our bosom in the future importations from Africa. An English mission, with a zealous abolitionist at its head, tra- vele in that barbarous continent, and the results of those efforts are undoubtedly to be realized here by those instructed there. Vrom this cause, and no other, have we encountered in the late arrivals a great number of negroes familiar with the language of all-powerfal Albion. It is time, your Excellency, that we are relieved from this contravand stigma on our civilization— the horrid abyas in which we bury our hopes of seca- rity and future welfare~-the hydra which frightens awny the capitaliete who would come to esab ish jiready a marked tendency to in- iy» Hence the partial efforts | pt pe a oy Inost precious A reating wi this clandestine tralio. in negreee Gena cnet themselves on our soil, and enrich it with their for- tunes, and those who having red wealth here, convey it where they can epj $ without fears or commotions. ‘To your Exeellency is reserved a high glory. You will confer solid happiness and tranquility as Cuba, to the crown of Spain its 8 from Africa, until it is truly and totally exterm: 4 ” At the same time the fields of the island, and ticularly those of the territorial jurisdiction of Ma- tanzas—occupied, to our misfortune, by seventy thou- sand slaves—claim from the care of your Excellency measures of precaution and safety ; measures not ouly to reduce insurrections, but to prevent them. by the evidence of an uurelaxing vigilance, for any rising ig @ great and absolute evil. In the destruction of the delinquents there is also @ valuable constituent of our productive wealth. Tho movements at Bemba and the Triunvirato were quell- the death of three hundred negroes was not by the planters. But most of all was the loss of the innocent victims immolated by the barbarity of those desperate savages. They call upon us from the tomb to guard against the repetition of those dreadfa) scenes. 5 No measure, however, can be efficacious while the slave trade grows in strength and audasity ander the stimulus and tosterage of the more enlightened race. Granting that they may not be strong enough to conquer us, still the struggle must ever be sharp and bitter for the whites. And who can pretend to fix the number that would be sufficient, since wo cannot count upon a corresponding increase ef the white force ? i Your memorialists have believed it to be their duty, in addressing a zealous and enlightened executive, to use the plain language of trath in st facts and reasons. Mavy arguments are 0 those in support of a question on which 1 than the lives and interests of the faithful her Majesty confided to your immediate cha’ numerous; bat these will certainly pr selves to the clear dalanada of your Exce!leacy. This subject could be presented very favorably in an economic point of view; but the first, and, beyond dispute, the principal, consideration is the preserva- tion of the political existence of the c A Your Excellency is respectfally supplicated to re- ceive with favor this representation, as the jast and sincere voice of the Cuban people, ia accordance with their zeal for the implicit observance of the su- perior existing ordinances on this subject, and there- upon to dictate such measures as in your high dis cretion you may think proper for the extermination of this unlawful tratfic in African negroes, and at the same ime affotd security to the unprotected fields of the island. i Signed by ninety.three tesponsible names. Matanzas, Nov. 29, 1843. 1 Affairs in Cuba, {Fxom the New Oclesns Pisay The steamship Crescent City, Schenck, arrived here Jast evening. She lett New York on the 12th instant, for Havana, at which port she arrived early on the morning of the 19th instant, and sailed again for this port on th: wrning of the 20th. She brings twenty-two passengers for New Orleans apd a very heavy cargo. : There was but avery sma!l number of vessels in the harbor of Havana. : The following is a list of the passengers, as given us by the purser :-— Mr. N. Moxutroes, Chi Metoalf, Indy and ehild; T. Frederick, Mrs, N. Tracy, Meeera, J’ Eokerl, G Sanguille, J. F, Nazte, Senor Belleray, A. Puig, R, Etheridge, J. Aguada, Thomas Joceph Toxpastell, Mae, Eaity Walker, &e.. & 1c. We have a full file of the Diario dela Mirina to the 19th instant, but there is little or nothing ia them worthy of notice. The principa! item in the paper of the 19th, is a communication precener. by a few editorial obser- vations, in which it is shown that the Consuls Ge- neral of France and England are not, as they have The point was brought to notice by some observa- tions which had been’ made with respect to the be esa ef the Emperor's birthday by the French oMmicial. In another article in the same paper, the ramar that the United States had offered to aid Turkey against Russia, and the other that she had been ne; with the Sultan for the cession of a port or island iu: the Mediterrarean, is noticed. The former is not | been in the habit of claiming to be, representatives 5 | of their countries, but are mere. mercantile agents. credited because such a course is considered inzon- . sistent with the neutral policy of the constitution. The other is considered arenes becanse, as is said, it is quite natural that the United States should de- sire to possess an appropriate rendezvous for her squadron in the Mediterranean. The Diario of the 16th, announces the receipt of intelligence from St. Dominzo, confirming the report that Santana had decreed the expulsion of Baez. ‘The reason assigned is, that the latter had heen con- spiring with the church party to get al! actual autho- rity into his hands. e announcement is made in the same paper that the pa es had disappeared from Villa Clara. The island generally appears to be seey ‘as far as the white inhabitants are concerned. We observe that although the hospital returns show that as many as from 180 to 200 are in them, the deaths do not exceed two a day, and often there is not more than one. There had just fallen great rains at Puerto Prin- cipe, after a considerable drought. In the Diario of the 15th, the question of Chinese immigration is discusved, and immigration from apy quarter is strengly recommended. Theatrical and Masicat. Bowrry Tsratre.—Two very attractive pieces are announced for this evening by Manager Stevens, namely, Bulwer’s beautiful play of the “ Lady of Lyons,” Mr. Goodall as Claude Melaotte, and the yery interesting drama of “Putnam.” No doubt there will be a full house. Broapway Tuearre.—Mr. and Mrs. William: appear to-night in three very amusing pieces. “ Uncle ‘at’sCabin’ will be the commencing feature, which will be succeeded by ‘Our Gal,” Mrs. Williams as Caroline Morton, which she gives in trae Yankee style. All will close with Barney, the Baron.” Nisro’s Garpen.—The celebrated Ravel family» whose pleasing performances are always admired, will appear this evening in the pantomime of the “Four ers.” The Martinetti family will next give their extraordinary feats of agility, and all will close with the “ Magic Pills.’ Burton's Taearre.—This establishment is flour- ishing as usual, the house being crowded nightly. The selections for this evel are “Di z ‘he Gardener's Wife,” and the } early all of Burton's famous company ie appear. ‘I'be orchestra will play severa! popular airs. Nationa, Turatre.—Uncie Tom's Cabin” con- tinues to draw large audiences. The Howard Fa- mily are great favorites, and receive nianey the en- thusiastic cheers of the audience. @ theatre is very much improved in the interior, being painted and beautiful ly decorated. Sr. Ceanves TuEatre.—The Seale of this evening are for the benefit of Mr. J. Pilgrim, the author of “Robert Emmet,” and ‘‘Eveleen Wilson.’ ‘The pieces selected are ‘‘Robert Emmet,” “Eveleen Wilson,’ and “The Omnibus.” It is hoped his friends will give him a bumper. American Museum.—The entertainments for this afternoon and evening will consist of dramatic read- ings by the Boone children; the farce of “A Ghost in Spite of Himself,’ and the interesting drama en- titled “Morton.” HirropromE.—A very attractive programme of equestrianism is announced tor this afteraoon and evening at the Hippodrome. Caristy’s AMERICAN Orera Hovsk.—A vi good selection of vocal and instrumental pieces apnounced for this evening by Christy’s band. Woon's Mrvsvnen HaLi.—Wood’s Minstrels have oe another excellent programme for this eve- ing. Buck.ey's Erntoriay Ores House.—Buckley’s New Orleans Serenaders continue to attract very large assemblages. FRANKENSTEIN’S NIAGARA added to this ieee paint the late sad accident at the tal death of three men. . Tar two Living Grrarves are still on exhibition at the Chinese Assembly Roows. They are attract ing well. Stoxon Briss is to commence his amusing eve A. new scene ia to be to-night, depicting ls, which-caused the Heavy Vervrcr.—In the Carroll Cirenit Court, during the present week, a seduction case was tried. The parties were a Miss Coombs, of Clark county, Ind., plaintiff, and B. Waller, of Carroll county, Ky. defendant. Waller, under promise of mi , had: reduced the girl, and she became a mother. He then married another woman. The jury on Thuraday brought in a verdict of $5,000. Attempts were le by Waller's friends, after hearing the Mall te compromise the matter, but the terms on which Miss Combs's nds would agree were not accepted — Lowisi urnal, Aug. 2. Finemen’s Muster iN Ligh eT kg hb muster of the Hartford firemen wi 6 1D Soturday, the 17th of September. We understand that several companies are expected from abroad, and we feel as that any company who may be pleased to join our firemen on that occasion, will meet with a cordial greeting. The firemen will med? in front of the State House at 10 o'clock A. M., on the 17th. Jlartford Times, Aug. 31. ‘The Kingston Repdlican records the death of a lady in the stage pe from that vil ta Delia, Dela county, in this State, The lady just arrived in‘ que, from Scotland, and was ill, reaching the ¥ lage of Fagerton she was found to be dead, | nings on Monday next, at tue Stuyvesant institute’ ‘ N