The New York Herald Newspaper, August 4, 1853, Page 4

{ conte per ve copy. or 83 rer unum: the Beropece 5 Fr any gart of Great ‘Gnd ib to any (4 - aRY eae EB. rercce teed ‘news solicited quarter world ; if used. Salis iieretly poid for, wgpoun Poamion Couuceron: Depts 4 TICULARLY REQUESTED TO SEAL ALi bar- ACN AGES SENT V8. tiers by mail for Sabscri: tions, or with Adver — Oe past pees, or the postage will be deducted from NO'NOTICE of anonymous communications, We de not Patern thoe 4D 'S renewed every day. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, gPUT ERY THRATER, Bowery--Narap Queen—CaTrLe EALERG. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Uwos Pse’s Ca- mus—(w apy Our or Prace—Limenick Boy. BIBLO’S, Broadway Traian Bricayve—Fers Cuam- PETRE—4nean M eK NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Unere Tom's Cams. 8T CHARLES THEATRE Bowery—Maiv or Caoissy— Paren any Faui— Poor SoLpizr. AMERICAN MUSBUM—afternoon—Inpiane—Sacrar. Brening— Orv Fouxs ar Home MADISON AVENUE-—Afternoon and Rvening—Faan- eomy’s CotoseaL Hirropnoms. CHRISTY’S AMERICAN OPERA HOUSE. 472 Brosdway —Bruiorian Mz1opise by Cunusty’s OPeRa TROUPE. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical Hal, 444 Bread- wey—Erniorian MinetRexsr. Fo nnilig OPERA HOUSE, 539 Broadway—Bucx- so Brusorian Orsna TROUPE. GEORAMA, 596 Broadway—Panonama or raz Hoiy Lasp. OPE CHAPEL—Panouama or Nis@ana, Pe ---il HALL, 663 Brosdway—Ascent or Mont RHENISH GALLERY, 663 Broadway ~Day ard Evening New York, Thursday, August 4, 1853. Malis for the Pacific. HE NEW YORK WREKLY HERALD. The United States mail steamship Georgia, Captain ‘MoGowan, will leave this port to-morrow afternoon, at two @eleck, fer Aspinwall. ‘The wails for California and other parts of the Paciée, wil close at one o'clock. ‘The New Yoru Weexty Herawp, California edition, eou- taining the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, yall be published at ten o’elock to-morrow morning. Single copies sixpence. Agente will please send in @ek orders an carly as possible. The News. Our Washington despatch states that no appoint ment to the Belgian Court has been made. It was wemored that the cause of the visit of the Secretary @f the Treasury to this city was touching a scheme ef gigantic frauds, which had been discovered and hitherto kept a profound secret. Gen. Cushing has etarned, and Mr. Marcy will be in Washington on Saturday. Augustus R. Sollers was nominated for Congress by a whig convention at Bladensbarg yes- terday. The election returns come in very slowly. In Kentucky, Linn Boyd and J. C. Breckenridge are elected to Congress, by handsome majorities. In the Tenth district it is probable Stanton (dem.) is ehosen, but the vote is very close. From Missouri, Jackson (anti-Benton) is elected to Congress from the Third district; Caruthers (whig) from the Seventh. Edward Bates is elected Judge of the Land Court. By an arrival at Boston, news from British Guiana js received, but of no later date than that published on Monday. The papers report considgrable dissatis- faction at the result of the importation of Coolies, ‘who were very quarrelsome, and are said to be the ef-ecourings of the Chinese nation. Information upon this subject is so contradictory that little reliance ean be placcd on it. The revolution in Venezuela still continued, of which Cumana is the head-quar- ters. A provisional government had been formed, which had taken steps for a convention to forma eonfederation of the disaffected provinces. The Mo- Ragas family had sent seven thousand doubloons to Trinidad for safe keeping. A festival in honor of the birthday of Thomas Francis Meagher, the distinguished Irish exile, took place last evening, at Boston, in Faneuil Hall. About five hundred ladies and gentlemen partook of adinner, which was followed by sentiments and speeches. Mr. Meagher delivered an eloquent ad- @ress, which was received with enthusiastic ap- planse. A fall report will be found on the last page. At the convention of the State Teachers’ Associa- tion yesterday, at Rochester, a resolution was offered ‘to separate the office of Superintendent of Schools from that of Secretary of State. Mr. Randall, Secre- tary of State, made a speech in favor of the plan, and the proposition was adopted. We have to record another railroad catastrophe. On Tuesday afternoon, a train of ten cars on the Belvidere and Delaware Railroad, containing two hun- dred workmen returning from the repairs on the Delaware Canal, ran off the track about nine miles from Lambertville, N. J., killing ten men and wound- ing twelve or fifteen others. In the Board of Aldermen, last evening, a resolu- ‘tion was offered by Mr. Denman, and appropriately Teferred, directing the Counsel for the Corporation to take the necessary legal proceedings for opening Central Park. A message was received from the Mayor, transmitting the resignation of Nicholas Dean as President of the Croton Aqueduct Depart ment, and nominating Elias L. Smith as his succes- sor. The resignation was accepted and the nomina- tion referred. Resolutions from the Board of Assist- ants, directing the heads of departments to make reports to the Common Council at the commence- ment of each stated session, were concurred in. In the Board of Assistants, Alderman Hunt offer- eda resolution requiring the Chief of Police to re port upon what authority citizens were charged twenty-five cents by the police, at the main entrance fo the Battery, on the occasion of the reception of the President at Castle Garden. The Committee on Wharves reported to discontinue the injunction en- tered against John J. Hicks and Abram J. Berry, on the part of the Williamsburg Ferry Company, and that they be authorized to proceed with their enter- prise. At the meeting ef the Board of Supervisors, yes terday, it was resolved that in conform'ty to the law recently enacted by the Legislature, the fee for re- eording each birth in this city shall be ten cents, and for recording each marriage ten cents. To-day elections will be held in Tennessee and North Carolina. In the former a Governor, members of Congress, and the Legislature, are to be chosen, and the amendments to the new constitution are to ‘be voted upon ; in the latter, members of Congress enly are to be elected. The brig Elizabeth Felton, from Boston for San Francisco, was abandoned at sea June 28, leaking badly. The captain and crew reached Surinam, after four days suffering, in the boats. The steamships Woehington and Niagara, from Borope, are now over ue. The steamship Empire City, from New Orleans ‘and Havana, arrived yesterday morning, bringing dates from the latter city to July 29. Our Mavana ence, and @ commentary thereupon, may be found in other parts of to-duy’s paper. Hon. Simon Cameron, and others, have purchased the sulphur aud mineral springs at Bedford, Pa., which they propose to improve on a magnificent aeale. Lady Ellesmere and daughter left Boston, yester- @ay, for Liverpool, on board the steamship Europa. ‘The B. took out $243,000 in gold ingota, and $1,500 in Finplich silver. ‘The Vauish aloop-of-war Saga sailed from Boston #8: poon yesterday, for this port, Highty Important and Curious Disclosures | special organ. The Union will do occasionally, connected with the Cuban Slave Trade. The news which we publish from Havana this morning, possesses an extraordinary degree efinterest. The dreadful epidemics which are raging through the island give to the details of our correspondents a gloomy coloring ; but the darkest features of their general picture are those connected with the declared fraudulent sale of the slave ship Lady Suffolk toa Mexican trader. under the authority of Buenaventura Vivo, late Mexican Consul at Havana, and now Santa Anna’s representative at the Court of Spain. In this dark business.our late distin- guished Consul, Judge Sharkey, is implicated, and so directly that we doubt not an immediate investigation will be ordered in the premises by the President of the United States. It is unnecessary .here to recapitulate the facts of this Mexican sale of the Lady Suffolk. They are very distinctly set forth in “the papers” of the said sale, and in the letters of our correspondents ; and they narrow down the question at issue to a most dastardly fraud and forgery on the part of the late Mexican Consul, or toa most dis- graceful collusion on the part oi Judge Shar- key, in legalizing the transfer of a slave vessel; for that the vessel was sold as alleged is abundantly proved by ‘the papers,” and that she was, in law, a pirate, has been satis- factorily established. Our correspondents are naturally enough in- dignant at the charge of crime involved in these “papers” against Judge Sharkey. He is a man who has hitherto borne the highest charae- ter for manly honor and patriotic integrity. It is difficult to believe that he could. under any circumstances, be duped or corrupted into the certificate which these “papers” embrace against him. We presume that Henry West, of Boston, the alleged owner of the Lady Suffolk, and William Smith, his agent, are imaginary persons ; but if there are such men standing in the relations they are respectively represented as holding in this bargain and sale. it is proper that they should be discovered, and examined under an indictment of piracy. The specification implicating Judge Shar- key is very explicit. It says that on the 13th of May the United States Consul at Havana granted a certificate authorizing the sale of the vessel, and that the same now exists in the archives of the Mexican Consu- late at Havana. Judge Sharkey will, of course, deny or affirm the truth of these state- ments, as the case requires. Nor do we enter- tain any misgiving of a flat denial. or a satis- factory explanation of the whole transaction. to the extent of his knowledge and information. Senor Buenaventura Vivo the present Miuis- ter of Mexico at the Court of Madrid, may or may not be guilty to the extent to which our correspondents have charged him. Some years ago. we believe. he was himself actively engaged in the slave trade, and made a narrow escape, on one occasion. from the penalties of the law. having fallen into the hands of certain British cruisers. After this, he abandoned the traffic. at least for a time, in disgust, and embarked in the legal car- rying trade between Mexico and Cuba. In this capacity he happened to come favorably under the notice of a Mexican General who had him appointed the Mexican Consul at Havana. It is reported that in this capacity Senor Vivo, was very useful to Santa Anna, in communicating to him at Carthagena, from time to time, the progress and dritt of events in his native country. For this service, rumor has it Senor Buenaventura Vivo is in- debted for his appointment to Spain; so that his investment in Santa Anna was to Senor Vivo a good venture, as his name implies. But if it should turn out that this ugly look- ing transaction with the Lady Suffolk was ex- actly as represented by our Cuban and Mexican correspondents—a fraudulent piece of work on the part of Senor Vivu trom beginning to end—his recall or expulsion from Madrid will be inevitable. There will be no help for him. But we are not aware that there is any law, except at the discretion of Santa Anna, under which he may be more point- edly punished for the outrageous fraud against our late Consul, if such the affair of the Lady Suffolk should prove to be. General Pierce, at all events, cannot fail to appreciate, to its fullest extent, the necessity of immediately instituting a searching inquiry into this subject, from the beginning to the end. Ifour late Consul is neither guilty of “high crime,” or the stupid blunder of a dupe in this jous business, let his Excellency, the prestnt Minister from Mexico to Spain abide by the consequences of a full exposure of his unscrupulous conduct. The first duty is to elicit the facts in the case; and as Judge Sharkey and Senor Vivo ave most particularly interested. we look to one or the other, or both, for a prompt refutation or explanation. The whole system of tricks and expedients by which the slave trade is carried on in Cuba, gives a strong coloring of probability to the allegations of our correspondents; but perhaps there may be some unexplained mystery in this Lady Suffolk transaction which, when dis- closed, will change the present aspects of the case very materially. However that may be, the occasion has arrived when our government can no longer delay the duty of a prompt investigation and some direct inquiries, also, under cover of the Home Squadron, into cer- tain other transactions in the Island of Cuba, in which we are directly concerned. The honor of our flag and the obligations due from us in enforcing the general compact agaiust the slave trade, demand the active interposition in the affairs of Cuba of our federal administration Let Secretary Marcy return from Berkeley Springs to Washington without delay. Some further instructions are wanted to Mr. Soulé, on the eve of his departure for Spain. A Fair Frevp at Wasutnatox.—The WVation- al Democrat gives the following gratifying information to the national democracy :— Now, the administration has no orgae, in the usual sense of the word, as applied to newspapers, aud, we believe, does not intend to have any. The rumor that the President was seeking to establish an especial or- van of his own in this city, which appeared in some of the papers yesterday morning, is wholly false. No such thing has been talked of hy any body who ought to be supposed to know any thing about tne matter. The Union, like any other democratic journal, speaks the mind of the editor. Yes. Mr. Tucker, then. is right. Let him es- tablish his democratic paper in Washington; and let all others ready to ran the risk pnt in. The field is open—the prize is the printing of Congress-—one hundred and fifty thousand dol- Jars clean profit. more or less, per annum. If Gen. Pierce should name the Union as his especial organ he might fall short. Who knows? Better wait the action of Congress. They may elect somebody else. Meantime, we trust the friends of anational printing office will be on hand, No need ofany hurry in appointing a for want of a better; but mind. we go no further. When Congress comes the Union mmat take its chance with the rest. Brrmsa Dreromacy Cowcernine THE UNITED Srares—Tuz New Apromvtuents To ENGLAND.— We publish this morning, from the pen of the experienced historian attached to this office. an interesting chapter concerning the diplomacy of England in reference to these United States, whieh, to the mass of our readers, we doubt not, will be highly instructive, and to all of them agreeable and ehtertaining. It shows how important the part has been which di- plomacy has played in the relations, pacific or belligerent, between Great Britain and this country, and how much depends upon the wis- dom and discretion of our diplomatic agents abroad. In this connection there is a general sense of satisfaction and security in the public mind re- specting the appointment of Mr. Buchanan to the Court of St. James. His long and eminent public services—his sound and practical views as a statesman and as a diplomat—his valuable experience to the country in both capacities— aflord a perfectly satistactory guarantee that the interests of our government, in his hands, however delicate or complex they may be, or whatever the crisis to which they may be brought, will suffer neither from excess of caution nor from rashness, at his hands. Blending in his political character the conservatism of law and order with the progressive epirit of the age, he is neither the man to run us headlong into the excess of an armed republican crusade, nor tamely to sub mit to any Euro;ean idea of the * balance of power” in North America. Standing deservedly at the head of our diplomatic corps, the country. relies upon him with confidence to faltil his whole duty, whatever the exigencies which may arise. His appointment, as his Secretary of Lega- tion, of Mr. Daniel E. Sickles, of this city, wae doubtless made with direct reference to his practical qualifications for the post. And the surrender by Mr. Sickles of an office connected with this Corporation, equal to ten thousand a year, for this new appointment, which will hardly pay expenses, is no small testimonial to begin with in his tavor. The Washington Union speaks of him in the following terms tion a tbe Sty of New York, is ‘aoceheange ofthe appointment of secretury of the American lezation at the court o° St. James, proves his hich sense of the confidence reposea in him by the Chief Mugis- trate of the nation. Mr. Sickles is a geutlewan of experience. ability, and great decision of character; and, from his courteous address avd popular man- ners, cannot fail to be a most acceptable secretary. He is widely known asa firm, fearless, and uncom- promising putional democrat. We heartily and sin- cerely congratulate Mr. Buchanan upon the choice of a geiltleman so singularly well fitted for the duties of the position to which he has been called. And we believe that Mr. Sickles will prove himself werthy these high expressions of ap- probation and confidence. But, let him not for- get the instructions of Secretary Marcy, con- cerning the old fashioned court costume of Dector Franklin. Linsey-woolsey breeches and blue yarn stockings, &c., are our diplomatic fashions for 1853. Walk un Change. Owing to the non-arriva! of the Washington, and the failure to receive the Niagara's sews from Hal fax, the warkets were generally comparatively quiet ye-terday About 900 uaies of cotton were sold, without alteration ip prices. Flour was unchanged, wheat was beiter, and sales of prime wertern were made st $1 32, which was #p advance of two cents per bushel. Corn, of geod, souné quality, continued svarce avd firm, Wai-key, which fluctusted with corp, sod st 26)¢0. per gailoa, A merebspt on ’Chenge, whe bad ju t returned from = tour to the milling districts of Meryiand and Virgini«, reprecented the stock of flour #t the South very light. The mills were grinding but litte. as she sew wheat in the hands of the ferueTs Was held too bigh to justify its purchace for grinding. Uucer au impression that prices would go higher, they were disposed to hold on to their etocks, At Richmond, the City Mills were chiefly en. gaged in grinding for Oaliforsia, Quite heavy rains bed falen, acd the water courses were fluened. He said that much wheat left in »0cks or «mall stacks ia the fields bad been seriourly injured, und particularly on river bottoms. In some instances it had sprouted ia the sheaves. The Marice Pavilion at Rockaway, Long Island, with seventeen acres of land, was cold at the Exchange yester- day for $30,600; about one fourth cash, sud the remain Cer op bond and mor'gage for five years. Private letters reosived by the Empire City from Ha vans, represented sugars to be heavy, though some de- SCript Om» were scarce and ip feir demand. Traasactions «ere checked on eccount of the searsity of vesrels, Mo- t Matanzas vessels were said to de Advices from Porto Rico ol-o represented Ip thos warket there was more inquiry yesterday, with a feir amount of rales State Elections To-day, Elections will be held to-cay in Tennessee und North Carciida. It has been stated that the elec‘ion in North Carolina would not take place until the secoad Thursday in August, the 11th. whien is an error, which had its origin in a tabie published some time since by the Wash- ington Union, In Tennessee, 8 Governor, en members of Congsest, and the Legislature, ace to be elected. The following are the camdidstes fo: Governor :— Democrat. Whig. Andrew Johnson. Gustavus A. Heary. For Congress the tollowing are the nominees :— Dis. __ Democrat. Whig. 1—No vowination. A. G. Watkins, - N. G. Taylor. 2~—Wm. W. Churchwell. Horace ee 3+ Semuel A. Smith. T. Nixon Van Dyke. 4—E. 1. Gardenbire. Wiliam Cullom, 5—-Thomas Barry. Charles Ready. 6~ George W. Jones. No nomination, ve ©. Pavatt. R. W Bugg. F. K. Zollicoffer, E. brveridge. 10—Frederick P. Stanton. fidwin M. Yerger. The amendments to the State constitution of Tennes- see, to elect Judges aud Attorney Generals by the peopie, acd to form certaia new counties, wre also to be voted apon to-day. In North Carolina, members of Congress only are to be elected, The following are the caudidates :-— is Democrat, Whig. 1—H. M. Shaw. David Outlaw. 2—Thomas Roffio, No nomination, Wm. 0, Lottin, - Thomas J Latham, 3—Willam 8. Ashe, Waiter F. Leake. No nomination. 4-Absabam W. Venable. Lion H Rogers. i John Kerr. 6—Horton Craige, James W. Osborne, 7—Thomas L. Clingman, Burgers 3, Gaither. Our Bangor Letters on the Temperance Question. Daring the debate in tne #late Temperance Convention of Maine, which was held Inst week, in Bangor, Mr. J. W. Harkins wade the following remarks in rela tion to the letters of our Bsugor corre-pondent:— He paid be wanted information touching the tamper. once cans’ io Bangor He had seen sin the New York HrXALP, & pspat oppoeed to the lew, written from Bargor, rtettog that Avy amount of \ijuor might be ob twined there He had been told whe ia other pleces thet the ptatemevts of the writer, #l0 was opposed to the lnw himvelf, were faiee. Bot fre bat be had seen ince he came to the city, wh m that the HeRArD’s covrespondent wae not far out of the way, Ho wanted to know the plain teuch in the waver, and from a Bergor man, To which the Banger Democrat appends the following remerky— It will be recollected that the letters’? refered to were veclered to be untrue, by the temperance peuple here, snd by the temperance prena ,cners) ‘Tue Yacrr SquapKon ow A Croisk —The Maria, the Use, ctf several other vessels belonging to the New York Yacht Squedron, under the command of Commodore J. C Stevens, left their moorings yesterday, at twe o'clock P.M. to rendezvous at Hert’s Isiand, where they will be joined by the yachts that bail from sboveth gate, un lor the command of Vice Commodore Edgar, to proceed fran thence op 8 cruiep to the eastward, AMERICAN ANNIVERSARIES. The celebration at Plymouth of the embarkation. of the Pilgrims from Holland on the first of Augurt, 1620, cannot fail to remind us that the embarkation of the Pilgrims, their landing and settlement, were anticipated by the English colony of Jamestown, which commenced the settlement of Virginia—-thence called the “Ancient Dominion”—more than, thirteen years before the Pilgrims of New England set their feet on the shores at Plymouth. It seerns strange, that while so much has been done to awaken and keep alive patriotic and ancestral feeling towards the early settlers of New England, but little is said or done to commemorate the events connected with the settlement of the first English colony in North America—namely, that of Jamestown, in Virginia. It is quite time that the Virginians should wake up on this subject, and not suffer the names and the memory of the first settlers of their State—the terri- tory of the oldest colonyto be neglected or for- gotten. The contrast between these two earliest English settlements in Ameri¢a—Plymouth and Jamestown —is no less remarkuble than the character of the two classes of Engiishmen—Puritans and Cavaliers —by which these: settlements were effected. Ply- mouth, situated on the sterile coast of Massachusetts Bay, has but few natural advantages, resources or attractions, and the inhabitants, from the earliest settlement, have depended mainly on the fisheries and the @oastirg trade fora subsistence. Still, the town bus always flourished, and sustained a consi- derable population, now numbering more than six thov'sand souls; and the territory comprised in the ol¢, Plymouth colony now centains over one hundred end sixty five thousand souls. Jamestown, situated on the alluvial soil of the valley of the James river, in Virginia, was supposed originally to possess pecu- liar advantages as a settlement on a fine navigable river, with an extensive and iertile back country, anda mild climate. But a few ruins are all that re- main to mark this ancient town, and the population of that section of Virginia it is well known is sparse, and far from being the most flourishing part of the State in agriculture or commerce. Kichmond, Pe- tersburg and Norfolk, in the vicinity, are, it is true, flourishing cities, with a population respectable in numbers and character; but Williamsburg, the an- cient capital of Virginia, and near Jamestown, has only 1,600 inhabitants, and the agricultural popula- tion im the adjacent counties are few in numbers. The Puritans having settled Plymouth and New England, and the Cavaliers Jamestown and Virginia, the respective characters of these two classes of Englishmen have doubtless had their influence on the progress and position of these two sections of this county. Both of these classes of stern adventurers, warriors and patriots were distiugaished by pecu- liaritite—virtues as well as fadlts—which they have transmitted to their descendants, marking those op- posite traits of character which distinguish Northern from Southern men in our own times. The rise and progress of Virginia, as the oldest of the British colonies ou this contineut, aud as a State prominent in the part she has taken in the confede- racy and the Union, are subjects of greut interest to every American; and we cannot but think that the sons of the Old Dominion have yet much to do to call attention tu the interesting and important points of their history. The dute of the tirst settlement at Jamestown is but little kuown, compared with that of the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The 22d of December is a day familiar in Ameri- can anvals; but who thinks of commemorating the 24th of May, as the anniversary of the landing of the Cavaliers at Jamestown, in 1607. We believe the day bas been celebrated in Virginia; but if so, it has not been so often repeated ato be fixed on our memory. But whatever hus been done iu this re- spect, we propose that the Virginians should com- memorate hereafter the day when their ancestors, the guliant Cavaliers of these times, and the drst successtul founders of an English colony in America, embarked from the shores of Old England for the coast of Virginia, That day wus the thirtieth of December, 1606, (or the 19th of old wtylo> # Bre-coase ur ne North American continent had been discovered by Knglishmeu, under Cabot, one hundred and nine years before the first successful attempt was made to plant a British colony on these shores; the attempt of Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1585, to plant a colony in North Carolina, haviag proved disastrous. The colonization of Virginia was the re sult of a commercial adventure, and in that respect distinct from the causes which influenced the settle- ment of New England. No religious persecution drove the Cavaliers from their native country, for they were of the party of King James, his court and followers, and members of the established Charch of England. The London Company, which obtaived a patent from King James for the colonization of Vir. ginia, was composed of noblemen, gentiemen, and merchants, in aud about Loudon. The superinten- dence of the whole colonial system was confined to a council in England; the local administration of each colony to be intrusted to a council within its limits. The members of the council in Engiand were ap- pointed by the King. To the emigrants themselves the eharter of Virginia conceded not one of the rights of self-government. They were subject to the ordinances of a commercial corporation, of which they could not be members—to a council which did not sympathize with them, und finally to the arbi- trary will of the King. ‘he code of laws for the colonists was drawn up by King James, and the summer of 1606 was spent im preparations for the colony. Not an element of popular liberty was introduced into the form of government pro- posed. Religion was specially enjoined to be established according to the doctrine and rites of the Church of England; and no emigrant could withdraw his allegiance from King James, or avow dissent from the royal creed. Lands were to descend acé cording to the English common law. The political forms of the proposed colony being prepared, and the company having been previously organized, a fleet of three ships was provided to transport the emigrants t> Virginia. Bat though many persons of distinction were included among the proprietors residing in England, their funds at first were limited, and their first efforts proportionably feeble. The largest of the tieet of three small vessels was not more than one hundred tons burthen. This squadron, under the command of Capt. Christopher Newport, sailed from the River Thames, on the 30th of December, 1607, with one hundred and five men, destined to settle in Virginia. Several of these emi- grants were members of distinguished families, par- ticularly George Percy, a brother of the Earl of | Northumberland; and several were officers of reputa- tion—of whom we may notice Bartholomew Gosnold, the navigator, and Captain John Smith, one of the most distinguished ornaments of an age that wax prolific of great men. The council who were named to govern the colo- ny, by the company in Eugland, were the following among the emigrants, viz :—Burtholomew Gosnold, John Smith, Edward Wingfield, Christopher New- port, John Ratcliffe, John Martin, and George Ken- dall, who were to choose from their number a Presi- dent for one year. This handful of men undertook the arduous task of peopling a remote aid anculti- vated land, covered with woods and marshes, and inhabited only by savazes and beasts of prey. Un- der the sanction of a charter which verenved Hag. lishmen of their most vainable rights, wed banished from the constitution of American rouety the tivst principles of liberty, were the foundations laid of the colonial greatness of England and of the freedom aad prosperity of America. From this period, or soon after, a regular and conm td history ensues of the progress of Virginia and New England—the two oldest born colonies—whore example promoted the rive, aa their shelter protecued the weakness, of the others, which were successively planted and reared. The voyage of the Virginia colonists began ander inau-picious omens. Of the one hundred and five emigrants, there were but twelve laborers, and very few mechanics. They were going toa wilderness, and there were only four carpenters to forty eight gentlemen. None of the men had famille, and there were no females among the adveaturers. In this respect there was s marked difference between this and the first Plymouth colony, more than half of which were women and children. Newport and his squadron, pursuing the original circuitous track to America, did not accomplish their voyage until four months had expired; but they were fortunate in being driven by a storm into Chesapeake Bay, instead of lahding, as they had intended, at Roanoke. As they advanced through the waters of the Chesapeake they perceived the advantage that would be gained by settling on the shores of this spacious haven, replenished by the tributary floods of the great rivers which fertilize the oil ot that extensive district of country, and affording comme dious facilities for internal and foreign commerce, Capt. Newport first landed on a promontory form- tog the southern boundary of the bay, which he named Cape Henry, in honor of the Prince ot Wales. Thence, coasting the southern shore he entered James river, which the natives called Powhatan, and explored its banks for forty miles from its mouth. Impréssed with the superior advantages of the coast and region to which they had been happily conduct- ed, the adventarers unanimously determined to make this the place of their abode. They landed on the 24th of May, 1607, and gave to the infant settlement, as well as the river, the name of their king; and Jamestown retains the distinction of being the oldest settlement of the English in America. The Cavaliers, by whom Virginia was colonized, were a noble race of men, and they showed in the his: tory of the colony that they were capable of great perseverance and endurance of hardships, as well as the bravery and industry that were required to es- tablish the settlement. When the rights of the Pu- ritan colonistsof the North were assailed, the de- scendants of the Cavaliers joined them in an appeal to arms, and in declaring independence of the mother country. The chivalry and noble traits of character which distinguish the Virginians of our day do no discredit to their origin. Honor, say we, to the Cavaliers. Let their descendants celebrate the day of their embarkation for the New World. The thir- tieth day of December will be a good time of the year in the mild climate of Virginia, and Congreas will then be adjourned for the holidays. Necessary Postal Reform. The following circular has been issued by the Postmaster General, to correct the very prevalent abuse which has been practised by the railroad com. panies, in providing inadequate mail cars. The in. secure manner in which many of these cars have been fitted up—some of them being used at the same time for either second class cars or smoking sa- loons—is matter of notoriety; and we trust the de- partment will not rest satistied with the mere issuing of a circular, but see that the abuse is abated in every instance :— Post Ormice Department, 1853. Sm—The inadequate arravgemenis for the sate keeping of the mail, provided by many railroad companies, and for the accowmodation of the agents employed in its distribution, making up. delivery and ¢xchange, compel the department to call stteation to the subject, and to Teter to that clause im every contract which stipulates that the mails shall be conveyed in a separate and con- venient car, or apartment, suitably fitted for the pur- pose, and for the sule aud exclusive use acd occapation Of the agent and the mails, aud to the absolute necessi which exists that these conditions be complied with. It is impossible that the duties required of the agents by the public interect and convenience, in receiving, stamping and mailing letters, and muking the proper record, be correctly and expeditiously di:cbarged, unlers they are furvished with ao apartment adapted ‘to the purpese, com/ortaoly warmed, sud sufficieatly lighted and ventilated, And that they may be able to keep the through and way maile, as well ss the locked bags aad cauvare tacks, properly separated, so that they may be thrown off st offices and connecting points witaout con- fusion or liabihty to mi-take, # second apartment of suflicient dimensions is indispensable, The first or mail- ing apartment should be at least twelve feet by seven, provided with counter ard boxes with sliding lids a window and door on each side, the doors secured by Joeks, The recond apartment, connected with the first, rhould be at Jeast thirteen feet by seven in dimensions, with lccks and other conveniences. and both should be #0 arranged as to be free from the intrusion of passengers, or perrons connected with the train, They must be for the exciusive use of the mails; aud that the agaats may be held to # strict accountability for their safety. no persons other than those evgaged ia the mail service Tust be permitted to occupy or have access to them at apy time or for any purpo-e. be enclored ii:begrspbie diagram will conyey tha idew of the departwent as to the mess -utesUI® arrangement of | mall cas, % enlarged or duntoisbed according to the usuel size and weight of tie mails to be conveyed. ‘The department deer pot rely upon ibe large amount apd rate of compensation paid to railroad companies for the transport of mails io justification of the demand for the utmost extent of acoommeiation, but the de- mand is based upon the necessity and duty of providing tor the “due certsinty, celerity, aud security” ef the mnails; and the cheerful acquiescewee avd co operation of the various evrporations ix koked fer with coatidence Ard it is hoped than it iil mot be orerssary iv any in starce to enforce thet further pruvisioa of the coatract which stipulates that the departaent may furnish, at the expense of tbe contractors, suitable accommodations for the wails and agente if they fail to doto. Very res- pectfully, your obedient servant. ; JAMES CAMYBELL, Pos:master General, The New Overland Route. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Orrick oF THE MexIcAN OCEAN MatL AND INLAND Co.) New York, August 3, 1853. ) Ip your ‘Talk on ’Chsnge” in yesterday's impression, ‘wae & paragraph stating thet “anxiety” was expressed to “krow when the mails would be made up in this city for California, via New Orleens and Mexico.” Permit me for ixformation, to ray tbat ihe Vice: President of this company, Col. Ramsey, is now in Mexico, making the ne- cersary arrangementn for the transmission of the mails and passengers te Caiifornis. The express mail was started on the 18th of July, from Vera Cruz to Acapuloo, and the arrangements were made for regular departures on the 4th ana 18:b of August, or until the arrival of the sieges and wagons for the establishment of the regular post coach line aeross the repubiic. This arrangemeat was interrupted for the month of July, by the return of the Pacific Mail Company’s stssmers to bi mouthty in- stead of weekly trips, wbich war known in Mexico when the couriers and mai) agents were posted tor the 4rh aad 18th, as stated. This’ company is now placing the rolling stock on the route, and 1,00 horses sud mules will bs on the line thix month, if the grass permits. The post coaches, made at Albaoy aud Troy, ard the best avd most comfortable ever made in tbe United States, are now on their way (nome, in fact, ongh: to bs at Vera Cruz at this time.) The specie, baggege, and freight wazons, made by the Mevers. Abbots, at Coucord, NH, of@ peculiar ceopatruction, are finisbed and shipped, and we hope by the last of this month or early in September, to bave the roote ready for mail and passengers. The trains will leave Vera Craz daily for Acapulco, giving passenger’ ap opvortuuity to bucry or loiter ‘th ough the most delightful climate in the world. Tne com. pavy bas been reluctant to noid out xoy lu-es for passen- gern until they were ready to carry them out, or to make apy particulsr flourirh until the proper time; aed as soon an they cso carry their mails, passeagers and specie by tbie, the shortest and most bealthy route yet known between California avd New Orleaus, they will invite the patrorege of the public through the prover channels. Arrangementa for Jetier wails will be made at this ¢ffice as soon as the advices from Mexico aseure ua that the letters will go in time to meet the Pacific Mail Steam+hip Comyany’s «teamers at Acapulco. Our enterprise is looked upon with the warmest in‘ereat in Mexico. and our position with the authorities there is of the most plessing character, Woe only ask for e litde wore time to perform faithfully what we shall promine the public to perform. Our imatient Californian and Southern friends rnould remember that four moaths ix but a very ehort period to organize au extadlishment eo large as Ours, inclusitg ith cowplemeat of hursex icles, stations, (forty-five) driver, guards &>. &c, We ask Kittle more time, and, when ready, expect to carr) nd passeogers from New Orleans to San Francis iu leve than sixteen days, regularly, I would say bere that our shortest row'e, by the way of Orizaba, Puebla, Metamoras, Tlalcozotitlan and Tixtla, (#6 shall have Itnes that will run to the City of Mexico Alto.) 1s the oldest road oo the Amerieaa con:inent, aud, fora part of the way, perhaps, the best, and was built by Cortez for the transportivn of the creagurea of the Spenieh gaileons, A very moderate expenditure mil make the road traversable for # post couch from ocean toccean. Respectfully, your obedient servant, ROBERT @. RANKIN, President, jarine Affat Tre Conanp Screw Strkamsmp Tavrvs, Captain Little, railed yesterday for Liver pool. Commence or Boston.—The following are the arrivala and clearances ef Boston for the moath of July, 1853:— Mrrivars Steamers. Ships. Barks. Brigs. Schre. Sloops. Total. Foreign... 2 12 3% 108216 BT Corstwire 56 7 «95 js 2 88 19 78 10020 ove, 1 ship 8 berks. 65 brigs, and 106 schooners were Britich: 3 beige Dutch; 2 Swadieh; 1 orig Meck- Jenburg, 1 brig French; 1 brig sardiniao; and the remain- der Aiwerican. CURARANCES, Steamers. Ships. Barks, Briga, Schre. Sloops. Ttal. Foreign,... 20 1% 3% 108 23 — BTL Comutwine.. 57 12 % «8962 «TT 8G Total...69 % 70 30 3 TT Of the above, 7 barks, 71 brigs, and 194 schooners were Priti¢h: 1 bark Chiltian; 1 brig f San 1 bark Prureiac; 1 om: k #rereh; 1 brig Norwegian; 1 brig Dateh; 1 brig Meeklenburg; 1 brig Swedinb; and the cemamder Ame- Tiga. DEDICATION OF THE NEW DUTCH REFORMED OBUROH, NORTH BROOKLYN. . ‘The new edifice now erecting for the use of the sosiety now worshipping sccording to the tenets of the Duteh Re- formed Chureh, at Bedford avenue, North Brooklyn, was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies, yesterday after: noon. ‘The new edifice is situated op the corner of Lee svenut rovemets bow going on in are compleved, location will be one of the mont de sirable in the ‘‘City of Churcnes. ”” ‘Tne society, sino May lst, bas been worshipying w Bedford avenue, and i; jn believed that the new church wilt be ready for use by the firat of November. ‘There are mow six Dutch Re formed churches a r by the Rev. Mr. Gili, of the Ciureh, invoked the Dive bleasing upon the werk going forwsrd, aud prayed tha: the artisans ht be protected from accidents dusing their labors, hat ‘the asnociations of such toi! mht conduce to their sjiri- tual benefit, He prayed fur tue spread of the Church, and that the thousands ip gre-t cities might be bi from spiritual darkness to sviritual light by the influence. He preyed tbe Deiry to bless the effortenow going forward for the conrummat on of this ead Dana Sinuman, Esq. of bio Kiyo, then came forward, aud raid—In the P bees 1571, early three Laapinceaae 8 the Protestants of the Netberlauds adopted their sith Fig forth a declaration of 1he same to the world, their religious opmiour were of the fullest and freest nature, they grauied tbe same ft «ther sects and denominstios Tui, was the origin of the Dutch Reformed Chu.ch, apa Holand oon becams the refuge for the ple’ ct al countries who hed been persecuted for opinion’s sake, The Pilgrims self-exiled from England. lived here for tyelve years previous to their departure for New Englaad in the famous *‘Mayflower.” sua tne “‘Walloous,”” who rettled the vicinity where we new stand, were also iromy the Netherlands. In 1654, the first Dutch Reformed Church in the New Netherlands was estabbsbed under Dominie Polhea and included Flatiaud, Fiatbuso and Brouklyn, In the first church was butit in Brooklyn, near where the City Ha)l now stands, under Domunie . The so- lary ae, worshipped, for x years, in m; and for one hundred and twexty five years this was the only Dutch Reformed Church. How tne churéh red a since is too well known vo weed mention; the et Census ADDOUNCes to ue the gratifying fact that its ratio of increase is greater thun that of any other de- nomination. Wallabout is one of the earliest settlements of the New Netherlands; and pear ~bere we stand the Seat white child was borniv the New Netherlands; and it is at the desire of one of the de.cendants of that child, the late Jeremiah Johnson, that this chursh is erected. It was his wi-h, expressed \e@ his chil- dren, previous to bis cesth, end o of the SL ara eae added by the — uy speaker an eloquent tridute to memyry [iia Johneon, ond then led toe corner stone, peek ing as followr:}—*'I lay the foundation of an ice te be consecrated to the worshi» of aimighty Ged, aseerd- ing to the righte and tenets of the Reformed atch Sao in the name of the Father, the Son, and Holy Beneath the stone was deposi'ed » metallic box con- taining copies of various religiour and secular newspa- pers, coin, the names of the paster, trustees, &e., &o. The Rev. Dr. De Wrrt, of New York, then delivered an eloquent, though somewhat Ixog'hy addre-s. He alluded to the striking instance of the perseverance of the first settlers New York, ax displayed oy its Prosperity’ atthe prerent day, and said shat tbe «pot on which he btood should be no less sacred io our ¢ mutry’s history than the Pilgrim Rock, at Plymouth Here (in 1623) was made, by the ** Walloons,” the fir-t sgricultural settlement in jew Netberlards. There bed deen settlements before, but only of traders and -«ldiers He referred to the per- secnted Waldenres who fled from Piedmont to Hi 1655 (1656)? and six hunour-a of whom were sent here by the city of Amsterdam, sud settled on Staten | . When the transfer of York was wade to the Eaglish, 1664, there were bu’ reveo thousand Gollsnders im the colony, and now it is cowipu'+d that the Duteh blood runs in the veins of no less tha 1b te of the citizens of this republic. The doctor en istorioal review of the government ef Bolisod, snc closed his address with a tribute to Geveral Jobo, whem ne characterized as & trve Knickerbocker anc » true Christian gentleman. The exercises were closed with an impresstve prayer by the Rev. Mr. Wints, snd tne :ivgingof abymn. The srentance was quite large, sud the very inte- resting. Obituary. DEATH OF 4 REVOLUTIONARY SouviEn —We have to record in our columns this morning, the ceath of Mr. Asa Helden, who was one of the few remaining seidiers of the revo- lutionary war resident in the c:ty of New York, ané thus apnounce to our readers the severance of a haliowed visi- ble link by which their mighty present was eennected with the history aad struggles of ite past. Mr. Holden was born in Sodbury, Mas++chn-+tts, om the Ist of May, 1761, and was consequently in bis ninety-secord year. He joined the American army +: 0- after the coamence- ment of the war, and served in several engagements, He was present in the battle of Rhode Island, under General Bullivan, ard was doing duty at White Plains and Kings- bridge, under Colonel Jamieson’s command, at the time of the capture of Major Andre. Mr. Holden was preseat at the execution of this amen ed bat unfortunate offcer. At the time of the battle of L ‘on he wasresiding at Sudbury, snd cauced the + t gue which seeured our independence to be tired. the last forty years of his life be resided in this city and we booe he han already joined * the departed spirits of che mighty dead” in a happier sphere, Natnantet. Dearnorn, of the town of Tioga, died on the 284 vitmo, at the advane eof nivety six years one month and twenty-eight d«ys—a -oldier of the Revola- tion, who participated in * ttle of Bauker Hill, the second hostile m+eting of the ‘sons of liberty” with the soldiery of Great Britain. Among the distinguiebed arrivals are bis Excellency Gov. Ress, Delaware; Major General Wool, U.S. A.; General O’Posnell Baliimore, W. G. Har- rison, President of Baltimore and Ohio Rsilroaé; General Townsend, Albany; Dou Ra.tlemo Aurrera, Peruvian Minister, and saite of \welve; Hou. M. Hibbard, Alasama; Hon. A. B. Conger and family: G. Talimadge. U. 3 A.; Captain Orme, British army; Colonel Loring, U. 8 A. Amcng the late arrivals at the Metropolitan Hotel there are the following names of the commanders of several of the great steamers on the -estero rivers —Captaia Wm. F. Fuller, steamer Pike; Captain Joho Carlisle. steamer Beleber; Captain 8. A. S:oithers steamer Pittsburg; Captain D. Y Smithers. seamer Iilinoia; Captain S. C. Stewart, steamer Eclipse; Capisia J. M. Price, steamer Tecomp:ia. Lord Montcasbel and son are still at the Metropolitan. Thomas Francis Meagher, tisq. Isdy aud father, left the Metropolitan yesterday, tu »peud a few days at Glenn ve, ‘The Governor of Arkansas has appointed the Hon. Robert W. Johnson a Senator in Congres to Gill the va- caney occasioned by the resignation of the Hon, Solon Borland, appointed Mini«ter to Ceotral America, The Secretary of State will return to Washington on Saturday from Berkley Sprivas. Gen. Robt. Armstrong, of the Washington Union, hae #0 far recovered from h s recent severe illness sa to be at his office A. W Lawrence, Esq., of North Carolina, has been ap- pointed Profesror of Mathematica, and ordered to duty at the National Observatory ARRIVALS, From New Orleans and tuv sna io steamship Empire City. =From_New 0) ‘ollins and soa, J Collins, WoL » D Howell, R Richards, AC Pheips and son, J’ Sidney Riof, Wm Burke, A Rasch ‘El y iss PW Rogors, JT Heath V Ames, Hit Lingstat, Wm n, Mrs Buacre, child and servant, T Hall, J McMaster Jus Féyter, Indy, throw ebil- children, and servant Mew thaw, G W Sager, Wm Arm- strong and ron, Wm Ker: an Isdy,and two children, J A Mitchell, & G Hart, Mire ¢ + W > Ripseomd,Wm Fogo, Cortlande 'M Taylor, KD Killivece, C8 baggan ‘lady, four children, and srrvant, J Nicholy DE Kugan, Revd Lloyd Johreton, V Considerant, V McCarty, J McCarty and ser- vant, F Lacwin, J M Wardwell. P Runkel, W Cloatermann, J Haye, ¥ I Marrow, lady. chil, and servant Mdo £ Bia: menthal, Lr Poniston, lady. and servant, Mre A P Trissand davg) ter. Jamex Cone!’ ullivan, John Smith, Dr Mo- Corley, Right Kev Bihop Lemar of Buffalo, Mowsiour Manuo Parrot, Mr Davidson, A Wisl, Houry BF Christman, cy, P Meanus, © it West burn, KB Welski MJ Canes, 8 uastulle, WH ‘ont. Mrs Adnanne and’ daaghtar, A’ Lam- . B Aynard, A Thear, O J Donnell—33 in Seren From Havana—T Churchill, T Mora, J K do la Lorrionte, M Masini, N Nix, J. Esters, J Cook, M Morris, W Balfour, F Mulo, J Lawton, Mr anderson, Mr Bugby, ¥ Mernam, J Forter—7 in teern; , in bark Asa Fish—Mr Grinzell, of From New hrie Mystio—l in the eteernge. rom Pensacola, in brig Catharine & Mary—Mr Lawrence, Mr Corby ond five obildren. From Whampoa, in sip Lotas~E G Dwyer. DEPARTURES, For, Now Orleans, inthe steauishi 7 re and Mice jaile, De Lanoel everett, rit ke fady and servant, LK Rasesll. b Bardy, Silveste b at of the South— verett, G bert H Cometeck Mant Conay, Theo Clark, FN Ready. J Ludoalg, & nelo, SJ McPherson, J Cale well. & & diebricht Son, SJ Mize, Mrs R Conay, Miss Leonard, W Schwarts, J’ Inglos, J Watson, ae Minuionaines IN CaniFornta—Some of the largest incomes in the United States are now enjoyed by gentlemen of San Fraucisco, who four years ago were far from being rich. aid that the annual income of Samuel Brannon, Esq., is over two hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars; while that of J. L. Folsom, W. D. M. Howard, and several others, ig but little leas, if any. These large estates have been made within tie last tiree or four years, by the rapid rise of real estate ir and about San Francisco, In 1847-48 lots were purchased for $15 or $20, which are now worth over $100,000. On the chief business streets, Jn fovorable locations, ground is worth from #600 to #1,000 per frout foot, exclusive of the im- provements. vernrr.—This eee orator and 8 Leen invited by the Southwestern ‘ural and Mechanical Association to visit 0 lie ewrly next October, and make the annual address before that association on the occasion of its fair. Mr. Everett has for years been desiring to visit the Great West, and it is thought will most pi ly necept the invitation. The Ohio Valley will give Lim the warmest kind of a welcome, and send fre'bee back to old Massachusetts such as will do- heart good—~ Louisville Courier,