The New York Herald Newspaper, August 1, 1853, Page 2

HATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONVENTION. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Cleveland Meeting—First Day. CuBveLann, July 28, 1853. At the meeting of the Scientific Convention this day femmediately after the names ofthe newly elected embers were duly enrolled, and other basiness transacted, [published in full in the New Youre Henavp of yesterday,] the President announced that ‘the first regular paper in order would be read by William ©, Redfield, Bsq., of New York, upon the fubjest: “The value of the Barometer ia the Naviga- Gon of the American lakes.” Mr. Redfield then came forward and read the fol- Jowing interesting paper:— ‘Too great American which have their floal outlet the r ver St. La are hardly more remarkadle foc ir surfaces, mod their grest commercial or the rucive storas #ith ebieh “hia with sudoen @ud Tesistiess fary, ‘exeenda to the great lakes Every grea; storm, whem viewed im ity geograghical extent, is fund to comp.i-e & oo acm Leyel ne, wr eddytog ctreuit of wind ie whieu the dras * resented to the od-@rver ia these haditudes ts from poset: bern quarter of the horizon s'teoded, f pot preceded dy a fal the barowoter—bote of #bich phesemers se dus to northesste: ogress of toe ‘aod ite turning overeat aroand ite own exis of gyration. The ocean surfsce affords uo ia oer t to the fuli action of the easterly storm winds oor sen cc ast—while the diversities of the land var- fae and ibe elevation of the country, commoaly’ pre- vent avy ciect exiension of these Gotan wiads to the gorface of the trans-Alegbavian regions. Toese same ebm trnetions serve #lxo to lessen the violanes, on the at | Jastic slopes. of the strepg werteriy winds whieh o myti- ‘tute the rearward or cloring portion of the strong cy- , im its northeasterly progrern, Bat. on the great dpverior plaieet, where the lekes are situated these con- Gitions are in rome degree reversed As the first winds of the adranciog cyclone blow from the eastern or south- ‘ere bovrd, trey are impeded by the varisas coaditioas and elevations of e>vtineacal surface over which ‘they pars— whic on the ieft wines being vortheaste ‘the turvivg Lod: tire cyclove. Jent in thei or at These first ction vpen the earth re quite moderate or even gentie, compar ecewving easterly winds which follo« in t due seurre of rotanve prog**ssion, But when ta eentre of the eycion sed the station of server, the Dacometer, whieh har fallen in the time to iin lowest point, commences rising, and she ti of the wind pecomes westeriy, ite fores is now aucdeply sno grea'ly increased beiag compoanded of Doth the pregresive and ro ative velocities of the svorm. 1s m quite probable that these violent westerly winds, which belong to the rear portoia of the eione, a gres'ly sicea and enfereed by the rapid aad old \ewrent of the next higher stratum of atmonphere, wrich cvipcides im dircetion. Geog aphically conseate- Recous with this change im the derometer, tne fall power of the whirling tempest, in ite regular pro- green, neon and sweeps over the surface of the ‘Iskes while the auzl foes last noticed mey limit in giving to tho-e later westerly wiads ef the cyclone anulmost irresistible Saree. A sontinued peries of cyclones, varying threugh sll degrees ot energy, extent, and rereor: logical effect, is ever passing over ‘the remperate anc nigner latitudes of the earth. in con- formity with the great law of atmorpheris ei-ca ations, and prodceing chose alterastions successions whish are geographisslly known as the variable winds. As the most active aud stormy of the North Amert- ean cycloves, I have but referred to the well knowa fact ‘that the first. or most advanced of esch cyclone exhibits easterly or reutherly winds. the particular di rection when locally coesidered, being determined by the ition of the ebcerver Lat! in ite path. Uader first winds ibe relative movements of tne enti-e @yelone is reeu to prodace a depression, or fall is tue jump of mereury in the tude of the daromet>r. 28 in the progrens and degrec of this depres ion of Derometer uncer the parsing cyclune, whieh demands | ‘Be careful attention of the navigator, especially on our a jabes, for tre ree:on that tae force and duration of westerly gale, which consticutes the rea- of tue ey elope, i+ likely to be propoctioned t. the anouat or de gre of the barometer’s depression. Tne aivigator suould warefully nove that when the pogress 0 tae storm bas ‘een rach that the barometer has cesred to fal! the esa- teal poruion of the cy clove has arrived, or t+ vearly oppo site to the position he oosupies, aod that the ioeal ohauge of the stor m—wind to the weet«ard is sooo to fellow, Qerompacied, orrather preceded oy the ticat riving of fs barometer, Icis the period which eva.titatn the Mot Gangerous crinte of the storm and of whica the Tmmromere: thas atfords warcing Subse] ienily ‘the barenerer bes ried to i's common elersuon, it af fords eviowses that the boty of tae woormy cylone hss mesthy paced over, and that ita all ere bre be abated ceive what all his precautionary be teben curing the (ail of ‘that in srovertion a» this fel! eonticues aod i ‘tbe erirts of (he swrm Decomes Bearer te dic, vile eo OG Cartain, ‘Tne wasterly or iret wie favorabis for re-sale # wo the Iskes Allared by tals wivaa re commonly wad neee-scriiy trus ed fo pees is that directina, But, moierativa io their bite thus profitably used. eaa afford no carcaia Berasure of tre atrength ned severt'y of the coldar aad ‘weoterly portion of the gale, wRicd. as wo Lave seen, fom-tutures che latest aod tas oat of Vue cyolruia dear. Nor bow'a xe Femevr fells in oseh eycioue is an spproxiare pure +f its general retavive forer at iti mesa © above the wecth's surtace, as well as of tae vi $F. loving westerly wir de. as exniditted on tne sarfase of the great iskes Altooogh the fall uc the boro meter oa the bixb Jove! of tbe sker, wader tne iatienes of # ror, i# loca than is seen om tae level of 1 ics pubsidence is sometimes foun e@quel to ten ioches, or even more, Delow toe ordiaary mean level of the instrumsat. Waoenever the fali of rae <tept of the oscillations one precaution enoald least for nal elter of a frie BpI'Y, grades requires continuares tn port or t bea i oun be obtained, Wr ‘the vine veeersary for yeachiog an @erhy de weken i010 wccount, ia order that the most pro- Jer course of proeedure may be seasonsbly adopted. If waocorens'y deiemtion im port or in neekiog refaze snould pomerimes be chased by attending ty the-s indies sions of the barometer, the same atrection weald still oftener Jead to the gaiving of time in eases where wofevorable Bppearanee: of the wen her mighiother#ive deceive tue judgment of a vavigeror who had not the afd of hiv ba- yemeter. A eonserieut andsttinte for toe baro water bas iy eyme ito use, wbich is called the Aver ond Barome- . te Catal injuries, with gresrer facility fa resding of ita ix dienno On the other band, it is liable to ere dua) changes in its standard res jicgs, aad hevee requires BP Ocessions! refersece to a good standard barometer, tor the varpeer of new a6 juste With this nesdfal ere eaution, [doer it, 1 setical pu'posss, equal to tuo Comme darome’er. we suited for lake navizatioa, At the conclusion of Mr. Redileld’s address, the President calied spon Professor Loomis, of the New York University, who read a paper apon “ The Great Hail Storm in New York City.” The paper of the Profesor waa very long and tedic and would bardly impart any new views on-the old and hacknied sunject of storms, It was very readily con- troverted, and most siwcesalully by one or two ques tions by the President. The Profeasor was anque { tievably in too much of a hurry to present a paper. It awakened a long disenssion, in which Mr. Red- field, Professor Bache, and others took a prominent part. It wos found that different gentlemen had ae different impressions of the seme generat facts ; um which we may infer that it will uot be easy to establish a tbeory, 40 long ag tue facts on which it mat be haved ere not etiled. Professor Bache came % the conclusion that we would hive observe Yaithinily many years longer, before we could settle 4 svffictent reliable data on which to base indis tible theories. This subject has excited lengthy Giscussion at every mesting of the association, with- out any very reliable resulta, Prof. Sr. Joan, the Secretary, then road the Standing committees. is The {ilowinw resolation was then passed :— ere hereby mu worived (6 ov 4 ineset chase vo) tae p Beavoleti m for, tke purpove of supplying $00 derands of iin memrers It is to be regretted that the first volumes were published wore as private enterprises than at the ex: pente or control of the #ssociation. ig as also received ; ¢ la The followin Tae Carato Beieves. w tnd pewieny of National American Avroviaton for the Advarseman' of e:enae, 10 viett the'r madam at the Medica! Colley, and make euch use Of thwle #oseim see as By Pub teroH (her purynsea, This is a very fine col on, made by Prof. Kirt- land chiefly, and is rep n ichthyology and orni- tholovy, which he i# much distinguished The general sesion tnen adjourned. RECOND DAY- FORBNOO! AL SHSSION. Oneva.ann, Joly 29, 1353. President Pierce took the clair, and anno 1 the first vusinees, the election nombvers. The | following gentiemen were ans aaly ele sted ;— Robert Clark,Oin. 0 ; Fl. A.Johoson, M.D. , Chisago; William 8. Van Deaver, M. D., Bo Y. HH. Shoffer, Cin.,.; James McBlroy, Delaware 0.; Lorin Blodgett, Washington, D. C.; J. Kirkgate’ Ohio city. George Willey, Cleveland; R. R. Sand tor’, Riga N, Y.; B. Forgate, M. D., Auburn, N. Y.; L. Biggs, M. 1., dog Benjamin Chose, Natchez. Professor Ruche of the Coast Sarvey, then read the following excellent paper on the discovery | of a deep, cea back, im the examination of the guif stream, in connection with the woast watves by Lievtenants Com. 0. A Cr fulirt, U. S.N. amistants in the Cot Survey, with cemuce on th ¢ tunes, ibe pavigater of these pluvial | are of rhe approashiag tem nest fiads | | Teterred is the necvod before the high water tbe exteat to wuieh toe ha- | Fferred to exposure to the ap- | It bas advau‘ages in compae wees and lee liability | David | wv | character of the bettom, by L. F. Pourtalis, co municated by Professor A.D. Bache, Superintendent United States Coast Survey. ‘The gulf stream has been the Cast Sarvey by runvieg score it at different poluts in its * the temperatuse, and as far as prectivable, other + ee ofthe stream at statious om toese sections, Bae from the serfece two deptbe of six, aud in some ceroe twelve hundred fatbous. The stations being selested at grea'er or lene dintanees, according to the te ore rapid chapges oeeurring ia the purticn | con which they were intended to explore. In the exolura’ rade tp June last the hydrographic party 0 Commenting Craven, was inet tream in four sections, begior Caye Cavavenel, Fiorida, 'perpevdieular tm the dires: tion of the stresm, pext — Up One asrose it fiom St. Augurtive vext from Simon’s, Georgia. and lest from Charleston, South Caretioa That of Liruterant Commending Motfit was to run the same sec- tion {rom Charlestep, apd theace to tak» up orners ia sue- cession further north The rection from Oaarlestoa was explored by Lieut Commander Moffit:’s party beswnea the udand 11th of June, and sooudiags were kepteatirely across the stream a} deptha of less than six ouudred fa- thoms, the betiom beu Drought ap Tae Soasitude reached wae 77 deg. 12 win. Ov the eleveach of June Lieut Commanéicg Craven havi g cros-ed the Gulf Suesm vispeut findpg 20ttom, at wore then one tou. sand farbome, came upeD a deep bavk at “he cep h of 460 tetboms, in Jat 28 deg 24 min N., aad lon. 7¥ deg (Seon. W. Thir Deak was agein mst on the ection in with cpeadion arly o onrse. Pad explociag rerth of this ate similar dep’h bottom bstag oroagat up, and waekes W & position corresponding wish bere it had been struck by the ud bottom brought up from 3 0 fa‘home, Jom 78 ceg 38 win on the 7th of be an extension of the convected, The folloving made by Apistent LF. mined the speenmens nea, Geporited by Lieut. Commardiog Creve in tbe Coast Survey Offes, and has com :ared them with those thom the cosst north ef Cepe Heolopen formeriy ex- am ned by kin 1 propose to preseot tne dovails of exewivetion 0 the Navura! History section Mr Pour’ lis in & letier to me rays :—'I Bave iv havd uo toe sorctmens of bottom from the Gulf Stream aod ohtained by Leutensnt Commardiog Craven = 1 aaa say thet chey tie sworg the most toterestiog I have ever seen, You reco) ect \bat 1 sad ip my report that wich the trorease if Gepth«) the number of iodividu The greatest devth from which * berwees 200 and 3h fatnoms, Mined perhaos fifty per eeat of 0 raminife we (in duis) The specimens tow hfure me go 10 1 050 fathoms, and there is ne locger sand ¢ inteiatag foraminifere but forswipifere contaiviag a litte or a0 ted. Ibe grains of send have to b+ rearehed for ca e- fully urcer ive q@isroscope 10 be noticed vt all. Tre of opt (in the al. sppeeier to too tare Epecion wre the ai apd in vbe deeper soundings ia | Seoron Il, but the speciwe ik freaber and appear somewba’ larger Tee gle ~ea of I) bignut early that delicate wbich forme the wajoi «x Dame, bat «bieh I canaot, pink color to which it o 2 Mee ve ever seen ia more nortnern apesiaens, Tt ome pieeen of coral, and dead shells. from ul (50 fathoms. Tne corals do nit Inok meh wore, but still appear to havs veen Cead Tnere aye nome delicate shells of molluses from depths beyoud 500 fashoms, where they were certainly living.” SECTION MEETINGS. FECTION A, OF PHYSIVS AND MATHEMATICS. Prot, Joreph Lovising, of Cambridge, Chairman. arts Ww. Chacrenety U.S. Naval Academy, Seo retary. The Standing Committees consist of its officers, | ast Profs. E. Loomis, H. L. Eustis, and J. Win- locK. The first paper read before this section was, “On the resistance of vertical plates of tubular bridges, | by Herman eae Superintendent of the Pennsy!- | yania Central Railroad, read by Prof. Eastis.” As | this paper is very practical in its nature, aud from | one of the ablest men in the country, Iwill give it | tounorrow. : | Second paper —‘On the Tides at Key West, Flori- | da, from observatious made in connection with the U. 8. Coast Survey, by Prof. Bache.” “As this paper | is practical and valuable, I give you the following | abstract :-— ‘Ihe results are from one year’s hourly observation of | the tides at Fort Taylor Key West. Tne tides eno aod flow twice in the twenty four hears. but the darnal irregularity in height is relatively large smounting st a | wean to fifty five feet, reaching im extreme covms, eighty: thee feet The mean rive acd fall of the tide betog about fourteen feet, a krowledge of the Inwa of tho | dinrval irregularity’ by whien successive high or low waters may differ, is very important Tne corrected os: | tabit-bment tor Key Wet is 9 hours 22 miou-es, Tne | Gteprame show the peeuliari ies of there tides by tre | datly eur ‘There beivg two tides in the day, the ob tervations ade it of a discussion by the ordinary matsod, an by tuore adopted by me for tha tides of the Gulf of Mexico A comparicon of the results Ras been inetitured Tbe half monthly irregulerity is sho#n in rable the secompanyizg diagram, the law of inte val a height 1s compared with theory, aud the diTere’ces are yery small ‘The tran-it to whieo the tide stow ae ine tormuia, Toe at by the usual reduced from the | constants ar te also obtatped | uroal iregolanty netpod, ibat of bigh water is greater thea that ov” low, 1p the proportion of sevepty-nive to mxtyoas. A eomsartron of thediurwal ivequality 10 interval ix made with theory, The diseurston ie ¢ ntiourd by decom yos- ing theeurves of observation into two—s semi-diu-nal | aud c:urpal corve—weating the interval bet veea their | maximam ordinates as variable, The mode of adjastiog ibe compound surve, #9 &% to give tne Beat result ta | comparing it with the eurve of obse iva, is snows. The -ete of curves are compared Cm gram before The batfmoutnly inequality of times aod deigbts found im thi arkably wita the \ formula, syd a correeiop being spylied tor tae dif | fereree between the solar and lunar day agrees pe: fecry | with the previons results, Ibey a6 compared io | curves on the ciagrams, The ciurnsl inequaliies in beig.t deduerd from the moxumom ordinates agree re tmasrkably with theory. is shown by @ tavle sod dia- gram, in whien theirresuits are cowpared Tae expls- bation is given of the diff-rent leva followed by tae in- equalities of bigh spd low water. The disgrains shox different cases of interf-renee waves in which th» mex | mum radiates and the distaneo between toe higa | waters is made to vary, The eum of the squares of the Ciffereree between theory and the computed | yeavl’s after eorrec:ing for peraliex of the moon, is Jers than an haudredeh of a foot for the wnole year The di-eureion of the value ef the interval betwren tbe create of the two waves is in progress. A remarka- | bie ehunge im tbe mean level of tno water at Key West, | progressive throughout the year, war noticed on reduc pg | the year t+ bigmer than the high waver of spring tides ia | the ober haif. 7 js prob.bly due to the winds, thee | tending to raise the tide im the harbor prevailing dariog one balf of the year, and those teeding t> depress {¢ ths other. This bypotheris bas vot ooee fnily exaatned bat approxiinsie resulte are presseted, whion render its ncaa: probably, Is isn le curious that commotog the esu.ts for the mean level in opposiw parts of the | year there comes ou; the ourions tite pointed out by ‘ad not hitherto fully éeduced from oonerva- wg bal’s w¢lar your for its period, acd the Adageam | Prof Airy tion. ove clination pe iod of the morn, that the resuits, change They co net suffice aa’ & cr Aeory, or eqaihpitam theney, thar requiring the eonstact to be 2610, wad shose for the saa, we be one third or even greates. Prof. Piexee remarked on this, that he thought it impossible to determine much on this suhjeet by the thermometers; that the mathematicians could never | make a safe sommary of all these results; that as they were uncertain, and must fail at last, it was 2 tainly best to get wt some theory as soon aa possi- ble, whether it be the equilibrium theory or any | other; and that this could be done by observations only, such as those instituted by Prof. Bache. | "ike third paper wos “The Zodiacal Light, the | periodical appearance of Meteors, and the point im | space to which the motion of the avlar system is | directed. By Daniel Vaughan, Cincinnati.” Read | by Prof. Chauvenet. This paper supposed that the vodiseal light was caused by the collection of a larze namber of emall mesors in the path of the aun. The paper was one of speculation rather than mathema- tics. | At the close of the reading, Prof. Gould wishel | the anthor of this paper was present, and coui’ show seme of the mathematical forma'e: hers refe to. He thougnt it a curious pager, full of ingenious | Speculutions and fancies. this zodiacal light. Webave numerous and differin ¢ theories. We monet leave pure speculations, and tara to observations and facta. Professor Prence thought the effect of tha resist ing medium would be to bring the axis of the orbit of ali the cometary bodies in a jing at right aggies to the direction of motion of the medium, and @lus | trated his opinions by a diagram. Professor Hexry said tual he agreed in the main with the remarks of Dr. G but thought that |} perhaps Dr. G. was too 6 e upon spec! | Speculetion, restricted by proper conditions, is iseful to science. it should, of course, be so con- ducted as to lead to an exact discussion upon mathe matical baria, while pure speculation, founded on vagve analogies or mere imagination, should be dis vountenanerd. The fourth paper was “On the southeast monsoon | of ‘Texas, the northers of Texas and the Gulf of | Mexico, and the avnoraal atmospheric movements the Nerth American continent generally. By | Lorin Blodgett, of Washiogton.’ {| Before this paper was rea | and remarked that a lary *rofessor Haney roae ve series of meteorological ovservations had been instituted by the Smithsonian | Institution, by reason 0 Mr, Smithson had bequeathed bis money purjoves, for tue. ! advancement of haman knowledze. These observa. | tions of Mr. Blodgett bud™been made or the | nuepices of the institution, aud should be credited to it, Mr. Smithson was worthy of the yr, aud all there papers should be credited as emoniting from | the institution, Mr. Blodgett’ observations were | valauble, acd as such should omauate from the | proper promotive source. Mr. Blodgett’s paper endeavored to prove, among other poiuts, Maat the monsoon of Texas, or east wind, Was cansed by the gir being heat the exposed surface «f the earth, and rs idly a8 to indace an inflaming current frou Golf 4x months in sommer aud vlee After the 2 fact whi fou ew vote ers r, Professor | the resuita. The high water of neat tide fa one half of | We are very ignorant of question. Mr. » asked if the Northers did not unit begin at the more southern polot, Vera Crvz, for example, before appearing at Gonzales. Mr. Biopgerr unif he was assured by residents. Mr. Reprie.p thought more carefal investigation would show that they uniformily began at the more southern point. ‘. Mr. Loomis asked whether there was a regular periodic in the region examiued by Mr. B.? Mr. B. pointed to a region in which the south- east wind, or monsoon prevailed for about stx months Gulf. During the remainder of the year, the resultant direction is from the land ; but the direc- saeny, very variable, as in portions of the conti- nen . Professor Bacns said that some interesting remlts connected with the subject, were in fon of the Const Survey, deduced from opservations of winds at Galveston, which he inferred the prevalence of Borthwest winds at certain seasons. Mr. Reprigip did not believe in “winds of aspira- tion,” but that if observations were sufficiently ex- tended, evidences o! a rotation would be found. The norther being at otber places at the same time an easter, a wester, or souther. Professor Bacux inquired what distinction Mr. B. made between the north wind at Key West and Mo- bile Port and the northers of Texas? He believed them degrees of the same phenomenon. Mr Buopgerr answered that they had features of identity, bot that the norther, so far as identified, as to justify the separation of the district in waich it occurred, from the district in which the similar phe- nomena occurred, but in a modified form. SECTION B.—NATURAL MISTORY AND GEOLOGY, MIN- BRALOGY, CHEMISTRY, GEOGRAPHY, AND ETUNO- Lucy. Committee of Section B—Professor 8. St. John, Chairman; Professor H. L. Smith, Secretary; Dr. J L. Riddle, Dr. W. I. Burnett, Dr. Jos. Leidy. This sect on wes organized, with a very large num- ber of gentlemen und ladies in attendance, as in the case of the other section. ‘Lhe first paper read was “ A Geological Reconnol- france of the Arkansas Rover, by Dr J. A. Warder, of Cincipnati.” This was a voyage from Fort Smith to Napolean, at the mouth of the river. The lecturer divi- ded the river into an alluvial regiou; asertiary and cretacious, an eruptive, a metamorphic orplicated, aud the carboniftrous. He traced the connection between the slates and metamerphosed sand rocks, with the shales and sandstones of the coal measures. A large cJlection of specimens, minerals and fossils were exhibited in jllustration of the paper, and list of the plants observed, was appended to the paper, simply as “ indications of the botany of the State.” Dr. Warder’s paper was quite able and will, with the elaborate map by which it is accompanied, be found very neetatt. all such as would investigate those regions. We trust that the whole outiime map wiil be engraved. The second paper was “ On the Blood Corpuscle— holding Cells, aud their relation to the Spleen, by Dr. W. I Burnett, of Boston.”” The third paper was on the “ Origin of Quartz Pebbles iv the Sandstone Conglomerate, and the For- mation of the Silicious Stratified Rocks, by Prof. J. Brainerd, of Cleveland.” Prof. Brainaxp stated that at the Cincinnati meeting of the association be had presented a paper “On quartz pebbles of the sandstone conglomerate, and reasons for rejecting the theory of water detri- tion.” In this paper the subject was examiued very briefly, that in consequence of Dr. Newberry having presented a communication at the Albany meeting, he felt called upon to present the subject more fully before the association. The theory of Prot. B. is simply, that the quartz pebbles of siliceous conglomerates-- the sandstones, and other siliceous rocke—are the deposition of silex from solution, and that the theury of these rocks being produced by detri- tion must be abandoned. The geueral idea advanced was, that the guartz from granite and the original or pliwary rocks had been dissolved, and afterwards precipitated In the form of saudstoues, pebbles of conglomerates, concretions in limestone, flints ia chalk, etc., etc. In proof of this, he cited authorities to prove the occurrence of gilex in solution in sea- water, &c, He also denied that in any furmer gevlo- gical pericds there had been avy force in operation capable of breaking up avd distributing over so wide an area these materials. He contended, that if this had been true, fragruents of all the other prims- ry recks, ¢0 called, would have formed part of the kame deposits, and that, moreover, we should fiud every vericty of furm, from the extreme!y angular to the perfectly rounded, aud not by any means the uniformity which we observe in the quartose vonglo merate. He coutended, moreover, that these peb bles were often in regular Jayers, without iatermix” ture cf rand, and had they been deporited from wa" ter they would bave mingled through every part of the mess. Some of the pebbles of quartz contained within themselves small cavities lined with crystals, which be claimed as evidence of their origin. Also, that Jor @ Jong line of outcrop of this conglomerate, where it rested directly on a shale, the pebbles were fatiencd en their lower side. This, he claimed, would net bave been exhibi'ed bad these pebbles lcen transported by water. Without following fur- tler the details piven by the author, we extract the following ;aragra)b as a summary of bis views :— * Tageume, them firet, that the esndreeks ef the De- yoviun «0 prebaoly m st if not al cf the her sys tems have beso formed from a solution of sidceous mat ter inthe waters of the primi ive eeean ; and, second, that the graivs of send and poobles erystalized from ibis solution, during their formation m the various geologi- eelepechs bave sulleced lite or po fisturbaase, exonys upow rhoels the beach of the ocean, or 1a etreams of rua uirg water.” Followirg this, the Professor undertook an elabo- rate detail of the sources and mode of production of this silex in solution, citing in the end the flints or houstora of the limestones of Tennessee und else- where, as having the same origin as the conglome rates and sand-tenes. Dr. Newserry remarked, in reply to the article of Pref. Braiuard, that this discussion haf arisen from the di covery by Prot. B. of some iuterestiag specimens, in which the impressions of fossil planta were as distuctly transmitted to the pebbles waich are desseminuted through the carboniferons conglo- merate, as ty the interspaces of undurated saud. Prof. B. accounted fur the existence of such speci mens by supporing these quartz, pebbles to have been formed by regregation of sihceous matter, subsequent to the deposition of the rock, or by sume similar process—and not as generally supposed ag the attrition of fragments of quartz rock. Dr. N. said that he was compelled to craw a diiferent in- ference from these nude specimens from that deduced by Prof. B: that Prof. B.'s taeory, if accepted, would entail an entire revolation in regard to the mode of jormation of not only the important rock ia question, but of w large part of the siliceous sedi- mevtary portion of the earth's crast—that he would rather endeavor to flud some mode by which these pebbles might have been eroded subsequent to their attrition and deposition—tbat silica was so soluble | that it was readily taken np by a variety of sgents— water alone, alkeline solutions, having so wide a range of combination that there was no difficulty in the way of referring the erosion of these pebbles to chemical action. He was confirmed in his adhereace to the theory of attrition by finding in this rock, ingled with the qnartz pebbles, rolled fragments of j , trap, siliceous slate, & lL of which were certginiy transported and rounded by atirition. He hud also seen recently, on Lake Superior, in locali- tes where the Potsdam sandsto the quartz aod trap—were 50 associated together; » conglomerate formiog on the beach, whic) cou'd not be distinguished from that of the carbonifeoue era. broken down, gave the sand, the quarts, Jasper, trap, &Xc., rolled into pebbles absolately undistingaishayle from those of the carnonifercoos conglomerate, either in number, position, form or mineralogical character, the surface sand being rippled in precisely the same manner, Dr. N. had never seen anything in the stracture of the pebbles in question that looked like ® concretive structure—bot in the contrary they had he precise structure of maseive crystalliue quartz. In reference to the mineral origin of coal, advocated by Prof. B., Dr. N. said he must join issue with him, because, first, coal is associated with the impres- sions of plants—each plant being coated with a pel- i on, Corresponding to the size and density al plant; second, all coal may be shown to be composed of vegetable tissue; third, coal has been formed by artificial processes, of which Le citeo some new and interosting instances. Prof. Hats said he had been present at a former meeting, when this subject was presented by Prof. Brainami, bat at that time the remarks were maial, confined to certain phenomena exhibited by speci- nieve presented to the meetIng. The question had, however, bssumed & wider range, and we had now to mee’ the theory of silicious deposits from solation, app!ied to all silicions eeposits. lu the case of the sandstones and cor rales, we have, accordiag to this theory, a part of the deposit in the form of peb- Lies; while the other part ia of Mine eand, filling the interstices between them. ‘Vhese pebbles had been compared to the concretions of iilatin chalk. They were, however, entirely unlike these —there was no appmaest or real concrelive struckure ; when broken | they showed a lamineted structure, and where there were cavities, a ip a spe 4 440 these were on ove wide, and appertained to the quatre in its ori- ginal condition betore it had been broken out and rolled into the form of a pebble. The same pebble presented, Also, # vavily o: the same kind on the ex+ terior surivee, which had been Slied with sand. Prof. Hall ceuled what bad been advanced by Prof. B—-, that the wand of saudstoves was in regular crys tals, it being, on the other b i nll cases examined. The sjecimena pre the association eunaisted of randstune: ries, crystalline quarts, hornstone, rsione fron i | Joy whatever was there any -rlinilert ar'z and friuble rand f production, St was true, he couglome- The | nor ir origin op ra The sandstone | nd, rounded grains, in | ited before | | when be owned what ia 1 , for those of New Bugland were. be con- , of the same age as the unaltered recks of,the silurian and carboniferous system. A pebvie was shown Professor H., which was claimed to have been flattened by before induration, bat which he was fied owed its form to ita origiual clear- age. and the two flat faces presented evidenve of the avage suriace but par' Dosa He had never seen a pebble flattenea after deposition; the flattened surfaces represented as resting on shale; were all cor- roded as if from solution after deposition, vot one of them presented on this flat face the smovth and worn condition ¢f other pebbles or other parts ot the same pebble. He denied that there was any similar- ity between these pebbles and nodules of flint im chalk. Pebbles are uently fractured at the time of or subsequent to their deposition, aud frequently cemented together by silicious matter in svlution and percolating the rock. Professor Hall remarked that the views here advanced, and the collection of specimens having #0 mauy different origins, presented asof one origin, were uot only atrik- ing at the foundation of all our pre-conceived notions, but against facts, and their interpretation, as given by all geologists for ceaturies, After the assembling of the session in the after- noon— Pof. BRAINERD d Mesire to have the sub- ject farther discussed, and remarked, as Prof. Hall ad expressed a conviction that some of these sili- cious formations were due to silex in solution, why might not all be due to the same cause? He here repeated some of the arguments of the morning, Temarking upon a pebble when a minute crystal of quartz hed formed upon the su:face. This he ut- tributed to the same cause, and to the same time as the formation of the pebble. He farther insisted Hee bis lines of pebble without admixture of eand. ‘The ripple mark, and other markings, he appeared to consider of small importance. Prof. Hatu, in reply, said—That although there ‘Were one or two points to be noticed, yet he apolo- gired to the section for consuming time ina abject of this kind; but since the paper had been read, and would a; pear as baving been read tothe association, it ought not to without refutation, and for this reascy he would speak. He would barely say, how- ever, that so long as Prof. B. interpreted facts and phenonera so differently from hims-lf, and from ull other geologists, there was little bope of understand- ing each cther. He eaid that Prof. B. ought to know that the ripple marks and other phenomena exhibi- bited, could not take place exce;t in a mass of sand, when the particles were to move among themselves, and that such @ condition could never snpervene upon a maes of silex precipitated from solntion. The alnence of fossil shells, which bad been ins'sted on was not true, for in southern New York, and in Penn- eylvania, there were large areas and a considerable thickness of this conglomerate, where fossil shells were abundant. The valves were opened, and the interior filled with saud and Pests) The lines of pebbles claimed by Prof. B.,to be without admix- ture of rand, he repeated, were not so—sand filled the interstices in all cases. He bere endeavored to show Prof. B. the differenoe in structure between the silex of flint and hornstone and these pebbles of quartz. Prof. H. concluded with some general remarks upon the conglomerates of the different gevlogical periods, and the ¢ udition of quartuze or silicious deposits in formations of different ages and origin, I ncticed many new members since yesterday. Among them are Prof. James Hall, albany; E. B. Hunt, U. 8. M., Eng.; Prof. A. Caswell, Providence ; Prof. Stephen Alexander, Princeton; Prof. Chas. Hackley, Columbia College, New York; H. Staus- 8B Eng.; Lieut. Chas. Wilkes, Washington ; . M. Mitchell, Cincinnati, O.; Prof Coffin, Wasbington ; Mr. Chas. Wentworth Dilke, and Prof. Jobn Wilson, London, England ; who are the British Commissioners to the New York Exhihition, and Hon. Wm. Mitchell and his daughter, Miss Maria Mitchell, of Nantucket. You will recollect that Miss Mitchell is distinguished as the aiscoverer of a comet, and was elected a member of the association at the New Haven meeting. She is not relaed to Prot. Mitchell of Cincinuati. Thus tar the meetings have been full, and very en- tertaiving. The attendance of prominent members is very large. The number of papers are very greai, while there appears a hearty good will among the members in disecting one another, as in the case of Prot. Hall with Prof. Brainerd, as you perceive by my report, and Dr. Gould with the less distinguished Mr. Vavgban of Cincinnati. This is perie :tly right. ‘Lhe areociation has hitkerto been flo ded by spuri- ous papers. They have not been sufficiently chal- lenged by the Committee of Censorship, and as lon: asthe committee is forced for waut of time to fal in this, it will become the duty of members at the time when such papers are presented. it is supposed that the p: blished proceedings of the association in- dicate the exact condition of science in the country, und that whatever is printed in the vffume is right. ‘Lhus, much error has hitherto erept into the voluine; come of the grossest errors. I have never heard so much discussion at a meeting. The members seem dctern ined to view things, and men, I might say, elemen tally. The meetings have been graced by the beanty and talent of Cleveland, and also by the families of a large rember of the visiting members, who are at- tracted by the Western tour, to this beautiful city, aud the doings of the sssociation. ‘bus concluded the proceedings of the {urenoon of the second day of meeting. T. Six Months’ Crime tn Boston, {From the Bostoo Times, July 29 } The semi-avnuel report of the Keeper of Snffolts county Jail to the Inspectors of Prisons, July 16th, thows that there have becn committed during the Jart six months :— Crmivals, 4276 by order of Court baye been for the following offences, to wit:— 312 Marder..... 8 5 Manslanghte: 2 6 Maticious mi 9 Night walkiog 2 6 10 Con*emptof 10 Making snd % counterfeit money... 5 Cheating by fale pre-e — Sellivg lovery 1 tences,. sesesecee O Smoking ip etree’ . 3 Conecalng the birth of Studdorn ehilde roe @ bastard infant BiSt.., -prsneceteneleee @ Druvkenpes: Heneuing prisoners 8 Disturbrg the peace Atugno«toextortmoney 5 Levesting @ veseel,..... 9 Absucion ..,...-..06.. 2 Feeaping from Deer isl- Nov paying Ercawmng from House of * 38h ry. 3B. witnenses).........165 st driving inthe street 1 Committed by cen‘ta- wig... seve 4 Dles, police offivers, Keeving brothels, 7 aed'watchmen for ex: ile gal roting. 1 amination for variow 1 offences, amd mot re. y 18 mended’ by order of Indecent exposure. 6 the Courts. .seess562,090 Jareeny ... seen ee 00 There have heen committed within the last six months, for the non-payment of fives and costs im- posed by the Police and Municipal Courts, 694. Out of this number there bave been discharged, by order of the Police Court, 422; paid fines and costs at the Jail, 246 ; and 26 now remaining in jail, unpaid. ‘There has been no escape, aod only one death— Christopher Twombly, committed by order of the Police Court, May 12, on @ charge of being & com- mon drunkard, died May 23d, of deliriam tremens and typhoid fever, according to the verdict of a cero- ner's jury. ‘The above report shows an increase over any for- mog, report of more than one-third, and also shows that the morals of our city have taken the retrogade march, at least, for the last six months; und should crime continue during the year in the same ratio as for the six movths named in the above report, the number of commitments would far exceed eight thousand. At the time the new jail was under pro- cess of erection, and even after its completion, there wes much said against the city authorities for their folly and extravagance, in building 80 lurge and ex- tensive a structure for the accommodation of prison ers, thinking it impossinole ever to have a sulficient number at one time to fill it, There are two haudred and twenty cells in the new jsil, and each cell in tended and farnished for one prisover only. During the months of Pebrnary, March, and April, the daily average bomber was about two hundred, and at oae time it ran as high as two hondred and th'rty; so that it can be readily seen that ina little more than one year after it: completion that every cell anst have been occupied, besides leaving a respectable surplus to take lodgings in the look-ups at the gate, which were intended for those committed by the watch doring the night. (hese lock-ups, which have fo often been complained of, a8 being too small in size end too limited in number for the accommo dation of this class of prisoners, are now being en- larged, ang will in a siort time be ready for occu- pmey: When completed, they will be. suificiently TEE to acor mmodate fifty prisoners. And from resent so he tenet we may aately judge that there more to be fesred that the jail proper will avon bave to be enlarged than there is of its beiag too large, as formerly represented. A Stave or Gen. Wasminoton At THE Wonnn's Fain.— The Monongahela (?a.) Republican saya that there is yet living near Cookstown a slave of Gen. Washington's. He is-124 years of age, and can walk six wiles ina day. He ia so old that his Angers and toes are nearly oi white. He belonged to Wwshington w known as Washingt un, on whieh Peryopelis now stands. The estate Cook was, aad etill is, bound for bia tiviog He World's Pair, for exhibition, if Bo of Cr ie to he taken to the orved, that wader | asrasgements can be made, ‘ & 4 | JULY 29.—The reading of the minutes of the last two meetings was dispensed with. COMMUNICATIONS. From J.C. Luckey—Asking to be employed by the Board. Laid on the table. From Wm. Drees—Relative to furnishing his school in Forty-first street. To Committee on New Schools, On motion of Dr. Feui, a committee was appointed to inform the Public School Society that this Board is now in session, and invite those members whe have been appointed commissioners of common schools in pursuance of the act passed June 4, 1953, uniting the two systems, to take their seats as members of the Board of Education. Adopted; and Messrs. Fell, Beekman aud Vultee were appointed as said com- mittee. NEW COMMISSIONERS. The President announced the following ag the commissioners appoivted by the Publis School So- cicty :—Wm. P. Coolidge, E. C. Pierson, J. W. C. Leveridge, T. B. Stillman, Israel Russell, John ‘T. Adams, Joseph Curtis, Heury H. Barrow, Joseph B. Collins, Linus W. Stevens, J. F. DePeyster, wey R. iothro, Wm. H. Neilson, Peter Coopgr, John avenport. Dr. Fri reported that the committee had per- formed the duty assigned them, and took pleasure in ace Fines ed the appointees of said society to the joard. Mr. C. H. Suri was appointed President pro tem. Mr. Benxpicr offered the following preamble and resolution: Whereas, on the joint application of this Board and the Public School Society, the said society was au- thorized by law to convey their property to the city corporation, and to transier their schools to the care of this Board, and, after appointing vertain of their own Trustees to remain as school officers of the wards, including fitteen to be members of this Board, to dissolve their corporate existence; and whereas raid society has completed said arrange ment, and has ceased to exist as a seperate corpora- tion, therefore, Resolved, That the Public School Society is enti- tled to the Jasting gratitude of the people of this city, and of the friends of education generally, for thei unremitted and successful efforts, continued through nearly half a century, in disseminating the blessings of education end virtue amoug thousands, who, oth- erwise. would have been allowed to grow up in igno- rance and vice. Reeolved, That we cordially welcome to their seats in this Beard, . Stiiman, L. W. Stevens, Peter Coo; er, W. H. Neilson, J. P. Adams, Israel Russell, J. FE. Collins, John Davenport, J. F. Depeyster. B. R. Winthrop, C. BE. Pierson, W. 8. Coolidge, H. H. Barrow, Joseph Curtis, aud J. W. C. Leveridge, who have been s0 Felected, as members thereof, and that ‘we yejvice in the confident hope that the cause of public education will be strengthened by the union now Somninted. and will receive at their hands the same faithful, intelligent, and distinguished service which it has hitherto received from their enlight- cee philanthropy and patriotism. Unanimously adopted. The Clerk of the Board administered the oath of office tothe new commis-ioners, who then took their seats as members of the Board. The President having resumed the chair, On motion, tbe rules were amended, and the Presi- dent appointed the following as additional members of the committees of the Bourd: — Finauce Committee, Adams and Curtis; New Schools, Collins and Barrow; Course of Studies, Ooo- Jedge and Davenport; Schoo! Books, Pierson and Leveridge; Norma! School, Neilson and Davenport; Anvual Report, Beadle, Cary and Cooper; Plaus, Fell, Stevens and Winthrop; Classification, Stuart, Stiliman and Collins; Rules of Order, Williams, Davis and Russell. RESOLUTIONS. By Dr. Beanur—That the salary of Professor Glenkens kleap of-the Free Academy, be $350 a year. dopted. By the same—That Alfred G. Compton and George Hardy be appointed tutors in the Free Academy, at the salary fixed by the rules of the Board, to com- | mence on the 7th of September next. By Mr. Stuarr—That notice be given to the trus- tees of the Fourteenth ward that this Board intend to consider the propriety of discontinuing peur, Schools No. 17 and 47, located in Trustees’ Hull. ‘Adopted. By the same—That A. McKey be continued in charge of the carpenters’ work until the further order of this Board. Adopted. By the same—That James C. Luckey be appointed asristant in the Clerk's office, at the salary hereto- fore paid him by the P. 8. Society, until the further order of this Board. Adopted, Ly the same—That the building occupied by the Beard be urder the care of the Clerk, ander the direction of the Board. To Committe on Buildings and Repairs, By Dr. Hinrarn—That Joseph McKeen Be, and be is hereby, appointed City Superintendent of Com- mon Schools, at a salary of $2,000 per aunam. Op motion of Mr. Wareruury, the followiag sub- stitute was adopted:— Reselved, That a committee of five be appointed to consider and repert a rystem of superintendence for the sc Lools under the charge of this Board. Messrs. Beekman, Hibbard, Morand, Curtis and O'Donrell were appointed as said cor mittec. By Dr. Wittiams—That it be referred to a com- mitiee to inquire into the expediency of securing the rervices of Samuel W. Seton, Esq., who for thirty yeors last past bas been employed as agent of the Public School Society. To Committee on City Su- perintendence. REPORTS, Mr. C. H. Sartm presented the report of the Fi- nance Committee in favor of ans an add tonal lot for primary school in Thirty-seventh street. Laid on the table. Mr. W. Jones presented the report of the Com- mittee on Buildings and Repairs, recommending sed avenue, Reterred to school officers of Fourteenth’ ward. The Board adjourned to Wednesday, August 3, at 5 o'clock P. M. Heant-ReNnvrxo [ncipENnt.--We are favored with the painful circumstances of the burning of the dwell: ing of Mr. King, of Auburn, Geauga co., Ohio, and the consequent dreadful death of two of his children. Mr. King was absent on business at the time of the sad occurrence, bis wife aud eight children being alone in the hense. In the early part of the evening Mre. King thought she detected the sceut of some- thing burning, avd examined every part of the house, 86 she supposed, thoroughly. Concluding it wasa whim of bers, she retired. About 12 o'clock her suspicions were again aroused, and a second time she again searched the house. Coming to the same conclusion as before, she again weat to sleep. About three in the merming she was aroused by the falling in of the roof of the woodshed. She immediately raised the alarm, and the children sleeping below were soon aware that the house was on fire. As we understood from the neighbors, the boys weresleeping up etairs. Being awakened by the cry of fire, the older brothers, passing through another room and awaken- ing two younger brothers, (about ten or twelve years of age,) who they supposed would follow them, dathed below to render assistance. (ne of the brethers thas aroused ran to the head of the stairs to descend, bnt being met by a shect of flame, turned and wade good his escapé at the window. Running with all possible speed to one of the neighbors he en- tered the house, and spread the alarm by aaying 1b had “ got ont safe, having buroed bis hands a little ‘The boy went to bed, ond the most of the fam rushed to the keene of conflagration to ive aid to the sufferers. Information was given of the arrival of the boy, and, supporing the other had followed him, the wretched iamily felt somewhat relieved. While the spectators were gazing into the flames to see the fearful fire make its ‘reatal havoc, the floor above fell into the cellar, and from the burning bed reed the limbless body of the boy—for the fire had already consumed the Jegs and arms. What a sight i} jends. The body was rescued from tho flames. The brother who had fied to the neighbors was then sought and found quiet in bed. On remoy- ing the clothes, his face, neck and breast told the fearful story. The fire had probably reached his vitws. He complained only of bis hands. A des- patch was sent to the father, who arrived with ull pew ible haste, and stood over his dying boy uutid the next day, when he expired A Diver Svrrocarep.—We understand from the celebrated diver, Juhn Green, that a man named Wm. McDonnell was suffocated while engaged in exploring the wreck of the steamer Erie, above Sil- ver creek, on Wednesday lact. This was his first attempt at Ded but, being confident of su he was engaged hy the party havin charge, and made one descent without diificulty. The second time he retained under water longer than ia usnal, and when telegraphed to, made no re- sponse. Those in charge of tha line immediately sought to s0ise him, but found it had caught in semething, making such a thing impossible. On Saturday evening, Green and another skilful diver, Martin Quigley, proveeded to Silver ereek with their armor, avd on Sundey morning went to the wreck for the purpose of diving for tie body. Arri there, they found that the rope had become disen. tarpled—in consequence of the buoys being cast obont by the waves and wind—and they were able at once to draw up the corps of their comrade, inquest was held, and a verdict rendered, that “ de- ceased come to his death from apoplexy, cansed by An | the preesure of the atmosphere, and ia consequence | of having to breathe the same air several times over,” Mr. G. informs us that the head was mich ewollen, and blood had been forced from the mnouth ondeare, A similar ecient, thoagh Jeas fated ia its reeulte, ocurred the day before—when another novice dexcended, and remsined eo long as to alarm the attendants, who immedi ydrew him np and found him entirely nnconscions. He, however, re- CpVelde— Buf acs Lap coo, July 26, ' Rew York Central Park. AN ACT 0 ALTER TUK MAY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BY LAYING OUT THERKON A PUBLIC PLACE, AXD 10 et zen TAKING OF SHB SAME, PASSED JULY 21, 1853. The People of the State of New York, re resented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Bec. 1. All that plooe or parcel of land situate, ly- ing, and being in the Cwel'th Ward of the city of. New York, baunded souther'y by Sixty-third street; easterly by the Fifth avenuc, and westerly by the Fight avenue.is hereby declared to bea public square im like manner as if the swine had been laid out by the commissioners appviuted in and by the act of the Legislature, entitled “an act relative to kmprove- ments touching the laying out of streets and roads in the city of New York, and for other parpeses,”” pomed ApALS, 1907 and the map, he pls of co ereby altered according) . ah 2. The Mayor, Aldermen, and commenalty of the city of New York, ure hereby authorized to take the said piece of land for public use a8 and for ublic square, pursuant to the act entitled “ anack | To reduce several laws relating perienaety to city of New York into one act, passed April. Op 1818,” and the eeveral acts amendatory thereto, oF such portions thereof ax are now in force, #0 far the same are applicable to the laying eut taking of public squares and places tn ey New York, except us hereinafter vedas such portions of the said act and of the said seve acts emendutory thereto as ure apolieable to th loving out aud taking public squares and places id city, and as are now in force, ehall analy taking and laying out of the piece of land cribed as and fora public square, in the same mai ner and to the same extent as if the said 6 land had been origmully laid dowa as and for public square upon the uiap or plan aforesaid of 8 city, except as hereinafter provided. ¢. 3. Five persovs shu!l ve appointed commt sioners of ettimate and assessment instead of th and in'case of the death, resignation, or refusal act of them or either ot them, it shall be lawfal fa th reme Courtin the fist judicial district, at op term theresf,on the application of the jayor, Aldermen, commonulty, and offieers, a8 event shall happen, to appoint a discreet dis terested person, being a itizen of the eity of Ne York, in the place aud stead of such commission , Tetigning, or refusing to act. - In every case of the appomtment of missioners under this act, it shall be competent and Jawful for any three of said commissioners 80 to pointed, to perform the trust and duties of th appointment, and their acts shall be as valid and ef- fectual as the acts of ail the commissionera go to be’ SHpainted ifthey had acted therein, would have been, and in every case the proceedings and cee oe ench commissioners, being three in Bumber, ag shi Le acting in the premise-, shu!] be as valid and effec- tual as if the sa'd commissio.ers appointed for suc purpore had all concurred and joiued therein. F Sec. 5. The said commissicners may allow com enration for any building or buildings upen the eaid land, which may have been built, p! , or erected thereon, afier the time of the filing of the original) mape cr plan of the said city. Bee. 6. Paymentof the dumages awarded by tp said commissiovezs. ehall be made and become due, and payable immediately upon the “eonfirmation off the report of said commissioners in the premises, Bec. 7. For the payment of so mach ef the mages awarded by the commiscioners of estimate an areessment, and the expel , Gisbarsements, and cbarges in the premises, as shall exceed the amounts or sums that may be asce-eed by the said comm sioners upon the parties and persons, landsand ten meuts, deemed by them benefitted hao of] such public square or place, it stall lawful for th said mayor, aldermen, avd commonalty, to raise th amount of such excess by loan, by the creation of a) mblic fund or stock, to be called “the Central Park! nd,” which shall bear au interest met exceeding five per feu D Eat apnym, aud shall be redeema- ble within a period of time not exceeding forty-f years after the passage of thisuct, and for the a ment of which the said piece of land 80 as) af to be taken, shall be irrevocably pledged. Bec. 8. It shell be lawful fur the Mayor, Aldermen, and Cummonalty to determine what shall be the nominal amount or valie of each same of said stock, and of what uumber of shuses the same shall con- sist, end they are hereby athorized to ge!] and dis- pore of such shares at pubite auction, or at private sale, or by subscription for such stock, and on suelt terms as they shall thirk proper; said stoek shall) not be sold at lers than its par value. See. 9. In order to pay the interest npos the stock hereby authorized, the Mayor, Recorder, and Alder- men of the city and county of New York, as the supervisors thereof, ure heresy authorized em- owered to order and cause to be raised by tax on e estates, real and personel, subject to taxation ao cording to law withiu said ci'y and county, and to be! collected in addition to the ordiuary taxes yearly aud every year, until the whole amouct of the stoc} be paid, a sum of money suffi ient to pay the int analy accruing on said stovk. Sec. 10. The provisions of the act entitled “An act to regulate the finances of the city of New York,” passed Jone sth, 1812, which are not repngaant +6 or incompatible with any provision in this act co tained, shail apply tosaid stock. Sec. 11. This act shal! take etfect immediately. The Ten Hoar Bul. The following is a copy of that act passed at the! ecent extra session of the Legt- lature :— AN ACE REGULATING THE HOUKS OF LABOR ON PUBLIC WORKS. The people of the State of New York, represented. in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Sec. 1. Ten hours sill be deemed @ day’s work, in the absence of any xgreement. fur mechanics and la- borers on all public works of this State. Sec. 2, This act shall take effect immediately. Ratiroaa Intelligence, MILWAUKIB AND MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. The Milwaukie Sen¢:nel uvnounces that the eens: tract has been clored with Mr A. L. Catlin, of Bur- plane for a primary school in Nineteenth strest, near | lington, Vt., for the completion of the Milwaukie and Mississippi Reilroad, from Rock river to the Mis siscippi, at $25,000 per mile, thoroughly equipped? The contractor engages to complete the to Prairie du Chien by the 1st of Jahuary, 1 than eighteen months. KUCHESTER AND PITTSBURG RAILROAD. A permanent organization has been effected te build the connecting link of railroad between Po: and the State line, through Angelica, under the ti of the “Rochester and Pittsburg Railroad Company.” FREMONT AND INDIANA RAILROAD. We learn by the Fremont Journal that the con- straction of the whole line of this rad has been let out. ‘the road exiends from Fremont to Lima, in Allen county, where it connects with the road row in course of construction from Dayton to Toledo; and itis propesed to extend the road to Union, on the Bellefortaine and indian»polis road, making im- portant connections at that place with the west aud southwest, and affording the most direct route front that point to Cleveland. At Fremont the road cone nects directly by lines already finished, with Cieve- land, Toledo and Sandusky. - LAKE SUPERIOR RAILROAD. We learn from the Lake Superior News of the 16th ult., that a railroad isin contemplation from St, Paul to Fond da Lac, Lake Superior, A charter has granted, @ company organized, and the stock is al taken. The road will be irora eighty to one hundreds miles in length, It opens on outlet for the trade of the whole upper Mirsiesipp! region, and will brinj into market a vast and fertile tract of land, now al- moat wholly cut of the world. KNOXVILLE AND DANVILLE RAILROAD. The tedions sorvey of the route of this proposed improyenient, says the Louisville Courier of the 26th inst., was completed last week. ‘The result is quite as favorable a3 was auticipated. The line passea through the count’es of Knox. Anderson, and Camp bell, in Tennessee, and Whitley, Canrel, Pulaski, tle, Lincolp, and Boyle, im Kentucky. The ille une is informed that the line vhrought ¢ covnties meneures one hnndred and sixty-tvo miles, but by connecting oud raoning more directly from a point in Whitley, that sixteen mites of the distance may be raved, and the entire line reduced to one hundred and forty six miles. The maximuce grade on the line run fs filty-two feet. Tn pasing the Cumberland mountain ab Mik Gap, the grade on the Kentucky side is fifty feet, and on the south, or Tenn e vide, it is thirty-four feet. The entire line ii 's rable one, as to grades,” curves, aid magnitnde of work. The east of com straction, it is c nfideutly believed by the engineers, will range between $20,000 and $25,000 por mile. The citizens of Polaski county heing disa:tisfied that the town of Somerset was leit off the line by tad above survey, have Yully organized the “Danvilld} Somerset, and Knoxville Ruitroad Company,’ ol which the Board of Directors have elected Cyrenias Wait, Esq, president. ‘The intention is to’ secure the services of @ competent corps of eagineers, and make an accurate si. f the proposed route through Lonisville as sour vactivable, FOX RIVER VALLEY AND WISCONSIN CENTRAL RBAIL® KOAD LIN/S CONNECTED. At the meeting of the Board of Directors of the, Wirconsin Railroad, (says the Chicago Pribune of, the 26th vlt.,) beld at Etkhorn, on Friday last, acon tract wee entered into by said Buard and the Fox River Valley Railroad, by which @ connection is se- cored between thee roads at the State line, at Genca, Walworth county. This nection we Te- gard a8 not only highly important to these roads, Dut to the interests of Chicago. By the constraction of the Ceniral to Genoa, and the Vox River Valley Raiload th e to Elgin, where it connects with the Galena Ra'lrowd, @ large and rich territory, the very heart of Wieconsin, is bronuhe in direct communigga tion with Chicago, aud thas a Jarve trade will be coured Which nught otherwise be diverted by rival interests, ALLBGANY VALLEY RATLROAD. The balance of this reed, from Aurora to the jane+ tion with the Attiva and Viltehurg road, was let oa the 2ith Jnty. Yen miles were immediately sulr-let to » Rochester company, Who are to go to Work uext week on the rection between Avrora and Holand seed bbe it bppreds Waa) ie work Le golby & 4