The New York Herald Newspaper, July 8, 1853, Page 4

TT acc nti nino NEW YORK HERALD. ees “JaMBS GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. OPVICE %. W. OCRNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. eomsa per. r) 3 conte Sekvacer es TREME coin w advance. bs Ne. 187 AMUSEMENTS THIS BVENING. BOWSRY THEATRE. Bowery- Goupen Fanuaan—Wn- 23am Te1i.—New Yous Mitiinens, BROADWAY THEATRE, Brosdway—Suanpy Macuine —Ovurn Gar—Born ro Goon Lucx. NIBLO’S, Broadway—Crown Diamonve. THEATRE, Chatham street—La Toun*os eat anepene Cunio~'PravectionTizeuum OF Love —Wivow’s Victim. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afterncon—His Last Lace— Iniem Tyron. Evi ‘Swat Hesars avy Wives. MADISON AVENUB—Afternoon and Evening—Faan- @om1’s CoLossar HirropRoms. OHRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broadway—Ermorian Maxovizs py Cunist’ PER TROUPE. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood’s Musical Hall, 444 Bread- way—Erniorian MinstTRELsY. BUCKLEY'S OPERA HOUSE—Bvcx.ry’s Erweruas a TROUPE. GEORAMA, 506 Broadway—-Bamvanv's Panorama oF wus Hour Lawv. “New York, Friday, July 8, 1853. Malls for Europe. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY GERALD. The Collins steamship Baltic, Captain Comstock, will Jeave tbis port at noon to-merrow, for Liverpool. Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New Yorx HERsrp will be reeeived at the following places in Europe:— lavreroot—John Hunter, No. 2 Paradise utreet. Lonpor—Edward Sandford & Co., Corvhill. “ Wm Thomas & Co., No. 19 Catherine street. Paris—Livingston, Wells & Co., Rue de la Bourse. B. H. Revoil, No. 17 Rue de la Banque. Tne European maile will close at balf-past ten o'clock ‘im the morning. ‘The Weexty Hzraip will be published at balf-past nine @ clock to-morrow morning. Single copies, ie wrappers sixpence. Ve are The News. ‘The Hermann from Bremen and Southampton, arrived at this port yesterday morning. She brought our European files up to the 22d of June. The news was anticipated by the advices which had reached Halifax by the America and were previously pub- lished in our morning edition. We, however, extract some interesting items. The English channel fleet had arrived at Spithead, and waiting with the other ships of warupon that station formed a most powerful naval armament, which it was said would be put in motion provided Russia made any violent aggression upon Turkey. The manifesto of Count Nesselrode upon the all-absorbing Eastern question, which we give in extenso, is a very important document. The news from China had reached England more in detail by the overland mail. The report previous- ly received that the rebels had captured Nankin, and were afterwards forced to evacuate it when they were temporarily defeated in a battle, is confirmed, but the intelligence of the abandonment ‘of Shanghae has probably no foundation in fact. The American steamers upon the coast had made some very decided advances towards Nankin, but were not successfal in reaching it. Our Lyons correspondence, published elsewhere, contains much interesting information, particularly for persons about to make a continental tour. Our last East Indian files, received yesterday, do not contain any political news ofinterest. We learn from the Singapore Bimonthly Circular, of the ‘28th of April, that the imports of goid dust since our previous advices amounted to three hundred and ninetv-one bonkals. Fifteen cattys and twenty bunkals additional had arrived from “Adelaide. ‘Whe exports amounted to twelve hundred and fifty-four Dunkals. There was a slight advance from last quotations, owing to continued favorable advices from Calcutta, and Australian gold was then worth (April 28) from 29§ to 30 drachms per bunkal. The America reached Boston last evening, and her mails for thi- city will be despatched in the early train to-day. Accounts from Buenos Ayres to the 22d of May announce that the Bolivian and Brazilian Ministers, finding it impossible to come to terms, had broken off the negotiations for peace. The blockade of the port by Urquiza had been vigorously enforced since the 13th of May. and was acknowledged by all the foreign agents—vessels which arrived previous to the 13th, however, were allowed till the 3d of June to discharge. The Buenos Ayreans were making the most strenuous exertions to defend themselves, and the Legislature had authorized the issue of ten mil- lions of dollars in paper money (worth about six cents on the doilar) f r the purpose of prosecuting the war to the last extremity. The importations of prodave had entirely ceased, provisions and fuel were becoming scarce, and it would be extraordinary if the inhabi. tants should be able to hold out many months longer. Rumors were current, that the Constituent Congress, in cession at Santa Fe, had deposed Urquiza as Pro- vincial Director and ordered the siege to be aban- doned under penalty of excommunication. But it is doubtful whether the Dictator would pay any attention whatever to the demands of the Con- gress ; indeed, at the latest dates, it was reported thet he was preparing to make a systematic at- tack on the city; if so, the unfortunate people are probably, by this time, again subject to his mercy. The business of legislation, if possible, is progres” sing more slowly than ever in Albany. The Senate spent most of yesterday forenoon in the passaze of bills, some of which relate to matters in this city. In the afternoon, the bill to facilitate the trial of « suit involving the title to the Trinity Church pro- perty was lost by sixteen to six ; the vote was, how- ever, reconsidered and the bill laid on the tabie. The appropriation bills were made the special order for today. The Assembly, it appears, did not eject Mr. Russell Smith from the office of Speaker, pro tem., om Wednesday evening. The discussion of this ticklish affair was renewed yesterday morning, and ended in the retention of Mr. S. in bis new office, by & majority of three. This is a complete hunker triumph. Having diaposed of this matter to the en tire dissatisfaction of the barnburner took up the articles of impeachn Commissioner Mather, and debated t mainder of the day. From Washington, we learn that the late Mex) Minister, Senor Larrainzar, yrsterday took le. the President, whereupon his successor, Genera) monte, presented his credentials. made speeches on the interestiy ports of which will be found head. The remarks of the new M augur well for the speedy and am’ the boundary dispute between Ne ‘buahua. o President Pierce, it is reported, will not de public receptions on his way to this city, He will leave Washington on Monday, remain all night j Baltimore, reach Philadelphia next day, and on the following afternoon, Wednesday, come on to New York. His suite will embrace Secretaries Davis and Guthrie, Postmaster General Campbell, Ati General Oushing, and Private Secretary Sdaey | Webster. The distinguished party wili receive a hospitable welcome, no matter what may be the ac téon of the Board of Aldermen on the subject. What has become of Hon. Solon Borland, our Minister to the Central American States’? Tie frigate Columbia is reported to be waiting at Pensa cola to convey him to his post, but a despatch fom Both gentiemen e settlement o! 9 and Obi ine Washington states that nothing has been heard from him at the State Department since he left the | The ideag of a majority of the delnyatey composing the exclusively Colored Men's Convention, at Rov bes- ter, are not quite o exclusive as might be sup posed. They yesterday rejected a report from the Coramittee on Sccial Position, for the reason that it advocated distinctive echools for colored children. £6 long as the white boys and girls behave thenvselves, these philanthropists are willing that they should enjoy equal privileges with the black ones in their semi- naries of learning. The afternoon was spent in de- bate upon commerce, agricatture and temperance, ; To-day, perhaps, they may review the Cuban, Mexi- can and fishery questions. Having no white philoso. phers among them, they are enabled, it is said, to do business in a practical and business-like manner. ‘We publish to-day a very interesting and import- ant communication relative to the state .of affairs, and to the prospective policy of the powers, in the island of Cuba. This letter is intended for the en- lightenment of the administration, and is addressed to the Union, as the organ in part representing the views of the government. It contains a resumé of the slave tradizig operations carried on in the island for some time back, under the clandestine patron” age of the Captain-General and the Spanish authori- ties, and should be read with great atteption. From Montreal we learn that the Devastation steamer has arrived at that port, where she would be laid up for repairs. Admiral Seymour was soon expected to arrive in the Leander, from Halifax, which ship would remain on the North American station. Some malicious person yesterday placed a billet of wood on the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad track, near Wilmington, in consequence of which the train was thrown off the track, two baggage cara were demolished, one ‘man was killed, and two | others mortally injured. A reward of five hundred dollars has been offered by the company for the dis- covery of the person who caused the mischief. Hendrickson, convicted of the murder of his wife, in Albany, has been sentenced to be hung on the 26th of August. 8. Mowry, Jr., of Charleston, was last Wednesday elected President of the New Orleans and Washing- ton Telegraph Company, in place of Mr. Alexander, who declined a renomination. No business of special interest was transacted by the Assistant Aldermen yesteraay. Aftez disposing of various unimportant papers, the Board adjourned till this evening. The Aldermen were not in session. The following is a brief summary of the contents of to-day’s inside pages:—Report of Comptroller Flagg, relative to the encroachments on the Battery; Letters from Syracuse and Nova Scotia; Interesting News from New Mexico; Proceedings of the Board of Education; Commercial Affairs, &c. rhe Fisher y Question—Treaties between Great miitain, France, and the United States— Proepect of Peace Down East. We have‘been assured from various sources at Washington that the fishery question has at length been put in a proper train for an amica- ble and satisfactory adjustment. We are will- ing to believe it. The bold stand which was taken by Mr. Webster last summer produced a good and substantial effect in behalf of a quiet and liberal arrangement, on the part of Great Britain, of all existing differences on this sub- ject. Lord Derby was instantly disposed to make all reasonable concessions necessary to @ satis- factory settlement. and the present British cabinet is doubtless as anxious to avoid a rup- ture with Brother Jonathan on this vital ques- tion of codfish and mackerel. Nor do we apprehend that any extraordinary diplomatic astuteness and profundity will be required to settle this business. The question of the privileges of our American fishermen in the waters of the British colonies of the north- east coast, it is true. has been so thickly covered up with the mass of diplomatic correspondence and Parliamentary and Congressional debates, which have taken place since the Convention of 1819. ae to «cutter 108 Construction somewhat perplexing ; but as we presume that itis the intention of Seeretary Marcy and Mr. Cramp- of common sense, there will be little difficulty n disposing of the mass of verbiage which has accumulated upon the general question. For the information of our readers, however, not conversant with the history of this fshery | question, the following historical facts. at this time, may prove to be interesting and accepta- ble. They comprehend a summary of the va- rious treaty stipulations, in virtue whereof | the French are permitted to dry and cure fish on an extensive portion of the shores of that island and at St. Pierre and Miquelon, which were surrendered to France upon condition of becoming a mere fishing establishment, together with an abstract of the convention agreed to by this country and Great Britain in 1818. By the treaty of Utrecht, as far back as 1713, France surrendered to Great Britain the island of Newfoundland. and engaged that those por- tions, of which it then held possession, should be yielded and given up within seven months after the ratification of the treaty ; and farther, that it should not be lawful to “ erect any build- ings on the island, besides stages made of boards, and huts necessary for the drying of fish, or to resort there beyond the time ne- cessary for fishing “and drying . fish— the subjects of France to be allowed to catch fish, and to dry them on land. in that part only, and in no other portion of the ‘said island of Newfoundland, which stretches from the place called Cape Bonavista, to the northern point of the said island, and from thence running down by the western side, reaches as far as the place called Cape Riche.” The treaty also provided that “ the island ot Cape Breton as alsoall others, both in the mouth of the river St. Lawrence and in the gulf of the same name, should hereafter bel to the French,” and which the King of remained at liberty to fortify. The definitive treaty between Great Britain, France and Spain, signed in Paris, in 17 confirmed and renewed the thirteenth article of the treaty referred to, except what related to Cape Breton and the irla:ds and coasts in the mouth and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, his Britannic Majesty consenting to leave to the subjects of France “the liberty of fishing in the gulf on condition that they did not exercise the said fishery but at the distance of three leagues from all the coaste belonging to Great Britain, as well as those of the continent and those of the islands situated in the said Gulf of 3t. Lawrence.” And with reference the “‘coaste of the island of Cape Breton ont of the said Gulf the subjects of ¥ were not to be permitted to exercise the s fishery but at the « e of fifteen leagues from the consts of the island; the y on the coasts of Nova Scotia or Acadia a verywhere elee out of the said Gulf. to re main on the footing of former treaties.” By the sixth article, however, G ito France on ak fy the said islands, to erect no t upon them but merely for the convent the fichery to keep upon them a gu fifty men only for the police. In a decl n on the part of Gre to nee Britair the islands of St. Pierre and Britain, delivered in September, 1782, at Versailles, it j is expressly stated that these islands were ceded Oo) Korving a real eRelter tc the French fistermen, and in full confidence that theee possessions will not become an object of jealousy between the two nations; and that the fishery between the said islands and that of Newfoundland shall be limited to the middle of | the channel.” The King of France, in a coun- ter declaration, engaged to give the most posi- tive orders that the French fishermen should not go beyond this line, with the firm persuasion that the King of Great Britain would issue like orders to the English fishermen. Subsequently, at the breaking out of the French revolutionary war, about ten years afterwards, these islands were taken possession of by Great Britain, and were not again sur- rendered until the restoration of the Bourbons by the allied sovereigns in 1815, in accordance with the terms of the treaty of Paris, in 1763. The fifth article of that treaty, to prevent the continuance of the quarrels which had hitherto arisen between England and France, provides, that the King of France “shall re- nounce the right of fishing, which belongs to him, in virtue of the treaty of Utrecht, from | Cape Bonavista te Cape St, John, situated on the eastern coast of Newfoundland,” the King of Great Britain consenting on his part, “that the fishery assigned to the subjects of his Most Christian Majesty, beginning at Cape St. John, passing to the north, and descending by the western coast of the island of Newfoundland, shall extend to the place called Cape Ray;” and “with regard to the fishery in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the French shall continue to ex- ercise it, conformably to the fifth article of the treaty of Paris.” The British declaration before referred to further states that “the thirteenth article of the treaty of Otrecht, and the method of carry- ing on the fishery, which has at all times been acknowledged shall be the plan upon which the fishery shall be carried on there; it shall not be deviated from by either party ; the French fishermen building only their scaffolds, con- fining themselves to the repair of their fishing vessels, and not wintering there; the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, on their part, not mo- lesting in any manner the French fishermen during their fishing, nor injuring their scaffolds during their absence.” By the convention entered into between the United States and Great Britain, in 1818, it was agreed that “the inhabitants of the said United States shall have. forever, in common with the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, the liberty to take fish of every kind on that part ofthe southern coast of Newfoundland which extends from Cape Ray to the Rameau islands, on the western and northern coast of Newfound- land from the said Cape Ray to the Quirpon islands, on the shores of the Magdalen islands, and also on the coasts, bays, harbors and creeks, from Mount Joly, on the southern coast of Labrador, to and through the straits of Belle- isle, and thence northwardly indefinitely along the coast, (reserving the rights of the Hudson Bay Company,) and that the American fisher- men shall also have liberty, forever, to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, harbors and creeks of the southern part of the coast of Newfoundland. here above described, and of the coast of Labrador;” but not after such bays or harbors shall be settled, unless permission shall have been obtained from the proprietors or possessors of the ground. It will thus be perceived that the French fishermen are not restrained by any such pro- hibition, with roforonce tu future settlement nor are they restricted to the southern coast of Newfoundland, the treaty by which that island | was surrendered to England securing to them ton to fall back upon the elementary principles | he same rights in this respect as are enjoyed by the inhabitants. The United States, by the same convention, ‘renounced forever any liberty heretofore en- Joyed or claimed by the inhabitants thereof, to take, dry, or cure fish, on or within three ma- rine miles of any of the coasts, bays, creeks, or harbors of his Britannic Majesty's dominions in America, not included within the above mentioned limits,” upon condition that Ameri- can fishermen may enter such bays or harbors for shelter, repairing damages, and procuring wood and water; but ‘‘ under such restrictions as may be necessary to prevent their taking, drying. or curing fish therein, or in any other manner whatever abusing the privileges hereby reserved to them.” The French fishermen, however, it will be observed, cannot take fish within nine miles of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, nor within forty-five miles of Cape Breton. French houses in Jersey still carry on the fish- eries very extensively in the Bay of Chaleur. and from the Gut of Canso, on the western coast of that island. From these historical data the reader will understand the rights and extent of the privi- | leges of the French in the fishing grounds, and the special restriction upon our Yankee catch- ers of cod and mackerel, limiting them to a ma- rine league from the shore. The British con- tend that this restriction applies to the main seaboard line, and does not allow our fishermen to enter within the bays, gulfs, harbors, &c., although they may be ten, twenty, or a hundred miles wide. The ground taken by Mr. Webster, on the other hand, was, that our fishermen might pur- sue their calling within the bays, gulfs, harbors, &c., beyond the line of a marine league from the land; and, if we mistake not, this construction has, on several occasions, been virtually admit- ted by the other side, and was temporarily con- ceded by the British cabinet during the last enmmer. The importance of the privilege of entering the aforesaid bays, harbors, &c., lies in the fact that therein the cod and mackerel are far more abundant than in the open ocean; and hence the pertinacity with which our fisher- men maintain their right to cross the prohibited line, even arming their vessels—or threatening to arm—in selfdefence, rather than tamely yield the whole run of the cod and mackerel to the Nova Scotians. And when we consider that the annual shipments of the single article of mackerel from these fishing grounds to the United States amounts to the handsome aggre- gate of come seven hundred thousand dollars a year, including American and foreign vessels, we cease to wonder at this continued wrangling among the rival fishermen for the spoils. Of this eum total, upwards of five hundred thousand dollars of the mackerel are brought in foreign bottoms, which is the result of the aforesaid re- striction upon our Yankee fishermen ; for with equal privileges their superior enterprise would soon monopolize the trade. Now. ifour Premier and Mr. Crampton can cttle this question eo as to secure an exten- ion of the privileges to our fishing sinacks out embroiling Nova Scotia ina quarrel with England, we suspeet it will be upon some levis of reciprocity in the matter of duties on colonial fish and other articles, though it may noteover the whole ground of the Canadian project of free trade. In our view, however, the larger the schedule of a free interchange of domestic products between the United States and the British North American Colonies, the better. But we are promised a treaty in due feason, and we await with some confidence of a good thing to all parties concerned. Let our Premier stick to the just claims of our fisher- men, “ hook and fine, bob and sinker,” and he cannot fail, at all events, of getting his fall share of the cod and mackerel. Don’t give up the mackerel! Count Nesselrode’s Statement of the Turko- . * Russian Difficulty. The diplomatic circular of Count Nesselrode to the Russian ambassadors abroad has at least: the merit of clearness. It places the dispute on a tangible footing, and distinctly declares that the Imperial demands must be granted. or war must ensue. We further learn from it that the nature of those demands had been correctly re- ported by the European press. Nothing short of a protectorate of the Greek Church in the Turkish dominions will satisfy the Czar. Per- fect religious equality between his co-religion- ists and other Christian sects in Palestine is the point apparently sought for; the real aim being to induce the Porte to relinquish its sovereignty over a large section of its subjects. This, as our readers are aware, the Sultan has distinctly refused to grant, and we are now enabled to judge of the sincerity of the threat held out in the Russian manifesto. The contingency on the occurrence of which the Czar states he would be compelled to assume a “more decided atti- tude” has arrived ; it remains to be seen what that “decided attitude” will be. War is of course the plain English of the cir- cumlocution. War, not for aggrapdizement or conquest. says Nicholas; but for the vindication of the rights of the church of which he is the head, and for the maintenance of those rights which common consent for ages has established. Russia, according to Count Nesselrode, is a much injured country. She has been bullied and ill-treated by Turkey for this many a year; her rights have been violated; her church iu- sulted; and, while the world has all along been under the impression that Turkey was the vic- tim and Russia the aggressor. it would seem that the truth has been quite the reverse. Du- plicity audacity and ambition have been the characteristics of Turkish policy; meek forbear- ance and servile regard for existing treaties those of Russian tactics. All that theOzar seeks is the preservation of the statu quo; but Turkey, that growing and ambitious power, has ever been seeking to extend its sway, and en- croach upon the liberties of its neighbors. Such is the tale which Count Nesselrode desires us to believe. We fear that he will have some difficulty in |" making converts to his theory. It will require something more than the arguments contained in his note to alter the well founded opinions of the whole world. The idea of Turkey bullying Russia, and the Czar patiently submitting to be browbeaten, is one which ought to have emana- ted from Punch, Nor are the arguments which are intended to refute the notion of Russia's desire to conquer Turkey more likely to carry conviction to the minds of the European public. It is true that the crisis might have been hastened had the Czar wished to precipitate matters; but it is not true that, at any time since 1815, the state of European affairs was more propitious for a Russian descent on Turkey than at the present moment. Ever since the dismemberment of Po- land, the western powers of Europe have kept clore watch on the Czar. Neither Lord Mel- bourne, nor the Duke of Wellington, nor Sir Robert Peel, nor Lord John Russell, would have acted differently from Lord Aberdeen, had the present crisis occurred in their time ; and most assuredly a still bolder position would have been assumed by France had M. Gnuizot or M. Thiers been at the head of affairs. In point of fact. for the last thirty years Russia has been patiently biding her time. and holding herself in rendiness to realize her ancient scheme at any favorable moment. Whether or no she evinced her usual sagacity in choosing the year 1853 for the purpose remains yet to be seen; but we can safely assert. that it offered as promising an opportunity as any year since 1815. That the pretensions of Russia are as un- founded as her assertions of fact has been re- peatedly shown in these columns. To state— as Count Nesselrode does—that a common faith can confer upon the Czar any political or spi- ritual rights over the members of the Greek church in the Turkish dominions, is to provoke the ridieule as well as the reprobation of every reasoning man. On the same principle France might claim a protectorate over all the Catho- lics in this country, and England a right ofjuris- diction over our Episcopalian fellow-citizens. Whatever exceptional rights have been in- cluded in past treaties in order to terminate a war, the principle that no sovereign can exer- cise authority or jurisdiction in the dominions of a foreign potentate, is now as well establish- ed as any political doctrine that can be men- tioned. Indeed, since France threw off the Papal yoke, no power has ever claimed so in- tolerable a privilege. Russia is actually en- deavoring, in the nineteenth century, to play the game which so nearly ruined the Papacy under Gregory VII. in the eleventh. A sue- cessful assertion of such pretensions could not but he followed by the subjugation of Greece, and a very alarming encroachment upon Austiia, If tne example were followed by other great powers, the whole world would soon be embroiled in warfare; and peace could only be secured by the establishment of a sepa- rate religion for each particular nation. It has not come to that yet. Russia’s de- mands have been firmly denied; and the time has come for the Czar * to procure, by a more decided attitude, the satisfaction he has vainly attempted to obtain by pacific means.” One might almost imagine that in view of this em- phatic threat a recourse to hostilities was in- evitable. In the present day, however, diplo- matic notes always say more than they mean; and we may well credit the ramor that Austria will eventually succeed in arbitrating between the antagonists, though up to the present time her mediation has not been accepted. Russia has not yet retracted, but cotton has risen, and we place more faith in this symptom than in all the diplomatic notes in the world. Ex-Presipent Tyter.—Certain rumors hav- ing been circulated abroad that ex-President John Tyler is in a very delicate state of health, and not expected to survive much longer, we are authorized to say, and say it with great pleagure, that his only ailment is the natural infirmity of approaching age; that otherwise hi* health has heen as good as for some years past’ May he long be spared to serve his country, as occasion may suggest in his retirement, with his counsels of wicdum and experience. Tue Lars Sovrnerw Convention—Domestic Pouicy or THE Sours.—The acts of the great Commercial Conyention which met at Memphis in June last, are before the world, and it is now a pertinent and important question—what will the South do? From what do these grand councils of her statesmen spring? Are. they the offspring of a few distempered brains, who war against fancied wrongs? Or are they the silent workings of calm determined delibera- ions ? : We are not of those who sce dangers in shadows, nor do we belong to those of the other extreme. who sleep in feigned security, hugging the delusive phantom of hope while ominous and portentous workings are going on around us. These acts on the part of the South mean something or nothing. and it is a matter of na- tional importance to know and understand them. The Southern States wish to render themselves, commercially. financially, and so- cially. independent. This is their language. and how voluminous with meaning are the words “socially independent.” Have we as a nation go soon arrived at that point, when it is found necessary for one portion of the Union to render itself socially independent of the other ? Is it already debated, how shall the bond of brotherhood most effectually be severed? Facts are obstinate. It is not difficult to comprehend the canses which have led to this desired social (the first step towards the political) severence of our Union. As uncontrovertable as the plainest truthin nature, is the fact that the Southera movement can be traced directly to Northern freesoilism and abolitionism. ’Tis true, that during the entire session of the convention, nota harsh word was uttered against these northern isms, but this fact does not at all lessen the truth of the above statement. but, on the contrary. renders it more clear. Those who met at Memphis, went there not to parade their grievances before the world in idle words and empty wrath, but their every act was stamped with cool, calm determination; and every decision of the convention was the result of surprising unanimity. As an instance of this determined spirit, we state the fact that the Maryland delegation to the convention, pro- ceeding as far as Louisville, Kentucky, there heard that the Louisiana delegates had charged them with selfishness—intimating that the con- vention had its origin in Baltimore only with the view of advancing the interests of the Monumental City. Immediately the Maryland delegation resolved to and did return home, and thereby sacrificed their interests in the con- yention rather than give rise to any jealousy or sectional feeling. And can the Northern man, whose ideas are not contracted by any false theory, but who remembers that the (South is a portion of the ‘American republic, and that the blood of our forefathers flowed as freely at Eutau Springs as at Saratoga, say that our Southern brethren act without causes. They are only working for their own protection and in self-defence. They have been slandered, villified, and abused by Northern fanatics. Their very houses have been invaded, and their private property ren- dered insecure by the foul doctrines preached by the anti-slavery party of the North; and the signs of the times are not indicative that these dangerous doctrines can bo crushed, except by their own strong arms raised in their own bebalf. Our Southern brethren ask us if freesoilism Is dead? In reply we point to W. H. Seward, John P. Hale. and a host of others in high positions, whose whole energies are devoted to a war upon Southern interests, They ask usif our general voice is to put down and condemn everything that tends to ruin their social insti- tutions? In answer, they are told that we im- mortalize Harriet Beechcr Stowe, and Uncle Tom. They ask us if we will enforce the compromise measures; and if they may consider these measures as the finale of slavery agitation? In reply we say we delegate the duty of carry- ing out those measures to men who are known to be wholly hostile to their enforcement. They ask us if they may visit us as citizens of the same great commonwealth, free from annoy- ance as to their social relation to their servants? We tell them if they dare to tread on Northern soil they do so at the risk of personal insult and loss of property. It is these indications on the part of the North, then, which have aroused, justly aroused, the Southern States to the developement of their own powers, that they may render themselves so- cially independent. It requires.no prophetic powers to foresee the ultimate results of their deliberations. Our Southern friends are too wise and too powerful to be thwarted in their designs. If they fail toaccomplish their eud by one method they will try another. Their aim is to crush the hydra-headed monster, known as freesoiliem, and send it tooblivion. They desire union, but the iron bands linking indissolubly to- gether the republic they say must be forged over the graves of the Northern vandals. The first mode adopted by the South to effect this object, is to develope the powers of her people and her soil; by her railroads to extend the facilities of in- tercommunication, and let observation give the lie and the death-blow to these Northern propa- gandists. She knows that abolitionists and | freesoilers must sink into the grave of political | infamy when facts confront their fiction. The South will stretch every nerve to build the great Pacific Railroad, she will arouse her sons to industry and the pursuit of wealth, and then she will appeal directly to the North to assist her in crushing her enemy fed upon its oil. Itie well understood that after not more than one or two years the Southern Convention will udjourn to assemble in the heart of the Northern States, for the very purpose of testing public opinion; to see whether a moral alliance can be effected between the North and South whieh shall for ever crush this opposition to Southern slavery. And if such an end cannot be consummated, then dark are the predictions for the fature, We cannot look upon this Southern Conven- tion but as proof that the Union and North- ern hostility to Southern institutions cannot live and thrive together. The fiat has gone forth that-one of the two must be sacrificed. Which shall it be? This is a delicate and mighty question. but it must be decided. We may argne the improbability of such an issue ever being made; we may battle it off by sophistry and ver- biage; we may wish it distant, but we hope against hope—we can no more shut our eyes to the fact that the hour of this issue is hastening on, These Northern vultures are preying upon the very vitals ofthe government. Their short- sighted and bigoted philanthropy would ander- mine the Union (o snatch the negro from imagin- ary suffering ; and they would raise him upon the wreck and ruins of the white race and the buried hopes of the Revolution. The interests and perpetuity of our country demand their been commenced in the South. Every patriot will wish our Southern citizens success in their just and laudable undertaking. Let the bal¥ roll on—let the South develope her powers and. resources—let her raflroads thunder through: her forests. and cover her immense uneultivated. territories with the bloom of cotton and the products of her clime—let her entrepots and con- tinental depots be cstablished at every railroad crossing, and in every city within sound of the Atlantic. because we should not forget that she is a portion of own great republic, and her prosperity is the prosperity of all—let her build her own schools, establish her own press, rival us in all the pursuits of trade, and render- herself commercially and financially independ- ent—but let us all work together, and “hand- in-hand all march one way,” to annihilate every principle which may have a tendency to array any one portion of our Union against another in a rivalry for social or sectional inde- pendence. Twe Parx.—One of our cotemporaries sug- gests that the question of a Great Park for New York had better go over to the next session. Perhaps it will, but let not the friends of the measure permit this without another effort te give us the Park. Will Mr. Cooley be goot enough to try it again? AGoop Move ror THe CELESTUULs.—The syn pathy of My our readers, not only in the metropolis, but throughout. the Union, was rtvongly excited a few weeks since by the publication in ovr c:lumss ofa plain, unvarnished sta‘e-- ment of the past bistory and present dostitute eendition of the Tong-Hook-Torg Dramatic Compauy, who had emi- grated here from their native city of Cauton, aad who- being doserted un“er pecvlisrly unfortunate elreum- stances, wore solely aud entirely dependent on the good- reas of heart of ‘mine host” of the Shakepeare. Our article had the effect of awakening publi attention to- this band of strangers in a strange land, and math benevolent and +ympathetic feeling has been sinee mani~ fested towards ‘bem But individual charity could be o little avail under the circumstasces, even if the poor Chinese themrelves we:e willing—which they are not—to- accept it. Some ove or twoof the most liberal minded persons connected with theatrical management in this city took @ lively mterest ia the welfare of those poor foreigners, and an ¢xg+gement in Castle Garden, on Mon- day evening last, wes one of the measures taken to relieve, in some degree, their present necessities. But the benefit arising to them from this benevolens effort was too trifling to be of any impor'ant advantige.. The evening of tbe Fourth of July was one in whieh few of our citizens could be induced to attesd any indoor theatrical amusement~. and therefore the performances. at Castle Garden were in sume measure # failare, tha Chinese not deriving from it more than two thirds the cort :f their week's board. We are glad, however, to te able to record thet. move is about beicg made which promises to aboucd with more desirable results to therm. Max Maretzek, our liberal and tulented opsratie impre- sario has, in the most generous manner, promised to the company the gratuitous use of Castle Gazden for ono night, and to ensure the largest and most fashionable attendance, it is expected that Madame Sontag, with her characteri-tic goodness of heart, and to give practical effect to her feelings of sympa- thy with the pocr Chinese, will appear on the some evening and ring some pieces for their benefit. The persons wost active in getting up the affair, believe that. they will al:o have the gratuitous and able services of rome of Madame Sontsg’s company, of Madame Thillon and her troupe, and Messrs. Davis & Brooks will most willing'y give the company the ure of their wardrobe; and will also, it is conficestly hope’. provide them with a passage +> San Francisco on the easiest terms, their seturn there beng considered the most politic measure that can be adopted in their behalf. We are convinexa ‘hat the citizens of New York wil? show their appreciation of all there generous efforts, ani evince atthe sawe time their practical sympathy with the poor Celestials by patronising the fo mance, ant hod the intenced ber efit one not only in name bat ia The evening fixes on for the enter‘aicmeot is Saturday +f next week. In tne meantime we would resommesd some of our sturents of O:rental history. and those cur - us im such meters to spend ao hour in looking at tha Chinese in ther sval every-day appsarauce, in their apariments 9¢ the SPersveare Itia, perhaos, the moss urious and instructive of all their exhibitions. eae ees OrrRa at CastL: Ganprn.—Every arrangement bas ab ength been ccmpie-ed for presentirg Italian Opere on the grandest rcalein Carle Garden, for the next few weeke. The fiveat company that has ever appeared in this metro- polis bas been orgevizes by Max Maretzek, the most libe- ral of impresarios hav ng at its head, as prima donns, Madame Sontag snd com prising among the artistes, Signora. Steffanone, Sipncra Bertucca Maretzek, and Signori Badial!, Marini, Rovere, Beneveatano, Salvi, and others of repute, The first performa:ce is to take p'ace next Monday even- ing when “Lucia di La2.mermoor”’ will be presented with Madame Soutag. Salvi, and Badiali, in the principal characters. The programme apnouncen that there are to be but embreen perfrmancez—sith bat few re- petions of pi-ces- the opera nights being Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and the eveniugs of Tuesday and Thursday devoted to concerts, which we pre- sume are included aworg the eighteen performances, in- asmuch as it is stated that the season cannot be pro- tracted beyond the 2d of August. Fine arrangements sre made for the accommodation of persons living up town, one hunéred ownibuses being engaged to attend at. the elcse of the opera, and additional ers are to be placed on ol of the city railroads; and to inrure the at- tendance of the fasbtonable people apendiog the summer on Staten I)and. the Jast boat will not leave the landing at foot cf Whiebell srreet until 11) o'clock, P.M. We may, therefore, eorfideotly anticipate that the Opera will be wont generously patronized, and that Castie Garden will de the ceatze of taste and fashion daring the continuance of thin brief season. i ‘Talk on Change. Cotton was tolerably active yesterday, the sales having reached 1,500 belies; the market closing with » better feeling. Flour closed rather slack, at previous rates, Wheat was active, with free tren:actions in Western white, with- out change in quotations Corn was about the same, that. in good sound shipping oder being scarce. T bacco con- tinued firm, with eeles of 100 bhds., at fall prices, Coffee and sugars were con paratively dull. Surprise was expressed that no provision was made at the lest meeting of she Boxrd of Aldermen for the re- ception of Pre-ident Pierce, next week. The $5,000 pro- yored would have been as little as would ao: wer to given svitable reception. There was a possibility of passing from extreme prod'gulity to extreme parsimony. As the chief magistrate «f the United States, by long established usage from Geners] Washington down to the prevent time General Pierce was eutitled to the honor of a publie recepricn- not, perbaps, but what he would vather be spared the hovor of » public parade. It wae suggested that the Stste ought to contribute something towards the expense of residential recegtion, ae the visit was an hovor to the State as much as it was to the peop'e of the city If the Common Conneil could devise no plea consintent: with its vice con-cieotions scruples under the new ebar- ter, it was suggested thet the merchants, with other prominent citizen, cught to take the matler in had, eubecribe the funds, ise @ commitice to meet the President, and give a pablic reception ia the rotunda of the Exchange As they were not office seekers nor office holders hon 1s bestowed upon the President} by them would be qui-e a» di-taterested ond probably quite sn agreesble to him a, though he were currounded by hundreds of persons in official stations, or by thoso hoping, by his help, to gain official positions. ‘The details of 1he Coina news brought by the Hermann were still mysterions. The position of affe\rsiregarding the rebela wae vot very clear, At all events, many pertioulars of the previous bad not been sus tained, And whetner Naukia was hela by rebels or im- perialists, wan net yes very clear. One thing was certein, Shangbse heo rot been abandoved, As to the statement made by the London News, and telegraphed from Halifax thet tke “Americans had given direst aid to the Emperor,” it wa» considered ridiculous. The two American toerchants, Messrs, Wetmore and Warren, who had been appointed a committee by the Americans to look after their in'crest, and to give notice should anything occur, did vo; seem to think there was much danger, fer, it was said, that they had done nothing, They had no free press or telegraphs in Obian, hence news did not spread vory rapidly or very accurately. It was thought ther the new insurrection im Cireassia, ord the detent of she Russians by Schamyl Bey,(the Wal- Jace of bis race.) might have some effect upon the coun eile of *e Crear If the Pwperor really wished to add to the strength of | political annihilation. This work has plready | bir reom marine, Commodore Vanderbilt would arrive,