The New York Herald Newspaper, June 20, 1853, Page 2

their remarkable adventures, preservation, and res- Doration. EMPERORS OF THE MING pemanny., Ohoe-yuen-chang, (called afterwards Hung-woo,) the grandsire of the Ming line of princes, was the gon of a common laborer of Keang-nan, who served during his youth as scullion in the Hwang-heo tem- ple. From thence he entered the army, in which he very soon, by talent and merit, rose to distinction. Having acquired a great name and established bis fortune, by marriage with a lady of rank, he became the captain of a band of robbers. Successful robbery, iuchuding piracy, extortion, aud bribery, has always been popular in China, asin some other countries that we might name, the difference in public opinion, with regard to it, being only us to the modein which the robbery should be perpetrated; provided, also, that it is done on a large scale, and in some cases, concealed until its object is effected. The operations of the Chinese chieftain were open and above board. His severe discipline soon effected order among his followers,and converted them into good soldiers. He encountered other chiefs, whp then contend ed for the possession of provinces and routed them im pitched battles. Having subjected several pro- vinces he declared bis intentiun of driving the Mon- goi Tartars out of the country, and overthrowing the Wuen dynasty, which had been established by the Mongol chief Kublai-khan, grandson of the renowaed conqneror Gengis-khan. Whilst planning campaigns against the Mongols, Choo-yuen-chang issued edicts for the consolidation of his government, and thus ad- vanced with a firm step towards the possession of su- preme power. He defeated the Mongol armies, took nearly the whole of the imperial family prisoners, and im 1868 he became Emperor of Chiva, and thus founded the Ming or “bright” dynasty. He took the name of Bung-woo op ascending the throne, (bis ancestral mame being Tae-teoo.) His reign was a happy one ; be grauted univers! tol-ration to religious sects, and gta \.ed only to benefit his nation. few emperors of China uve equalled t.is great man, and no patriot bas, with so littie effusion of blood, delivered his eountry frum foreign bondage. He died in 1399, solemuly taking leave of his ministers, aud appoint- ing his grandson as his successor. Keen-wan, much egainst the wishes of the sons of Hung-woo, Jed to the throne in 1599, when only sixteen years of age. This prince ‘was remarkable for his affubiity aad filial piety, but his reign was unpropitious. The late Em- peror had given large provinces to his sons, but they were jealous of their young nephew who was placed over them, and they rebelled. One of them was siezed by the ministers of Keen-wan and banished; another killed himself; another lost his | possessions, and was sentenced to end his days in exile; another, the Prince of Yen, took up arms against his nephew, aad after defeating several armies sent against him, he marched directly to Nankin, the capital. A traitor opened the gates to the victorious prince, who adopted the name of Yung-la, and acted in the capital with the savage fury of a tyrant. The Eopiess was burnt in the palace, while Keen-wan, expelled from the throne, wandered about for a considerable time, and at Jength died in obscurity; (one account says he tarned monk, waudered about for forty years, and died in ni. "the a of Yung-la was bloody and revengeful: wourder.ng all those who supported his predecessor. He transferred the court from Naukin to Pekin, which last city has since remained the capital of the empire. He carried on several saccessful campaigns in Tartary, and bas also the credit of having sub jected Tunkin and Cochin China. Thus the arms of the Ming dynasty became formidable to the barba- fians. He promvted hterature, by giving to the im- perial college a néw impulse, bat confined the labors of the privileged scholars to the study of aucient writings. He died in 1425, and was succeeded by Hung-he, his son, a weak bat benevolent prince, a friend of the people and a patron of scholars. He lived but one year in the exercise of sovereign power. His son, Seuen-tih, reigned ten yesrs. He was a lover of peace and a good statesman. Against | the Tortars, however, the safety of China required him to wage war, in which he was successful. The imperial palace was burnt down at the end of | is reign, which was considered as an eyil omen, portending the downfall of this dynasty. Seuen-tih died in 1436, leaving the throne to his gon, Ying-tsung, then only eight years of age, whose mother was appointed regent during the minority. As long as his wise and excellent mother lived, the administration was vigorous. But his preceptor, a man of great talent, exercised an injurioas influence over the young prince. Hay induced his pupil to engage iu a ruinous war with the Tartars, the whole Ohinese army was routed, and the young emperor taken prisoner. During bis captivity his brother, King-te, was placed on the throue, and refusing to retire when Ying teung was released, -till filled the farone for e zt years. te..ug retured into private life, and azain asceaded Se throne on his brother's death, in 1453. Ying-tsung died in 1466, and succeeded. by his on, Chinglwa, who defeated the Tar. | tars, and suppressed a formidable u in one of the provinces. He was the first of the line who stadied the absard doctrine of Budhism, an idolatrous religion introduced from India. From him the decay of the Ming dynasty is dated. Having been reared among women and eanuchs, he became a complete child of the palace, and gave the eunuchs great power, which caused gen- eral dissatisfaction; he died of grief on acvount of the | @ @eath of bis wife, in 1488, and left the country in a miserable state. He was succeeded by his son, Hung- ehe, whose reign was marked by famine, rebellion, and frequent inroads of the Tartars. The votaries of Budhism had become numerous and influential in Chi- na; they stirred up a rebellion which even threatened the snbversigg of the reigning prince. He died in 1506, when his son and successor, Cling-tih, was only fifteen years of age. Great power was given by this sovereign to the eunuchs, who plundered the people ‘and caused several rebellions. The peasantry of two provinces marched in battle array to the capital, to seek relief. The Yartars, on the other hand, were powerful, and tbeir inrouds endangered the safety of the empire. Ching-tih died in 1522, leaving no children, and was succeeded by his cousin Kea-tsing, whose first act was a general amnesty for all political offences. He was a superstitious poet, who studied literature and the reveries of the Taou sect, whilst the cvantry wos beset with enemies on all sides. His bigotted veneration for the Budhist and Taou sects was soon ehanged into implacable hatred, and he was advised by his counsellors most inhnmanly to persecute those whom he had shortly before cheriehed. Budhism, we have mentioned, is an idolatroas worship in India. It wus introduced into China about sixty-five years after the commencement of the Christian era, by eome Chinese emissaries, who were sent by a monarch of the Han dynasty to seek out a saint supposed from a prophecy of Confacius, to exist in India. On Feaching that country they discovered the sect of Budhists, or followers of Budha, a king and priest, and bronght back to China some of them with their idols and books. The sect of Taon was founded by Taou-keun, a philogopher of the times of Confucius. He inculcated a contempt of riches and honors, and aimed like Epicurus at subduing every passion that @ould interfere with personal tranquility and self enjoyment. As death, however, was something they @ould not pretend to despise, his disciples and sac- @essors set themselves to work to invent au elixir 0: Jong life, or of immortality, and thus became in time Not being amitious, Ying- | a species of alchymista. They have been alternately favored and persecuted at different of Chi- nese history, but seem to have flourished most during the fiddle ages, when all speculative opinions, and every species of spurious learning were most iu vogue. Anew enemy now Japanese, & nation which hitherto had been but Tittle known on the continent of Asia, They fitted ovt a large num- ber of privateers, and attacked the cities and planta tions on the coast of China, TH injury they did to the inhabitants was immelfme, and the only success ful way of guerding against their invasions, was to erect large fortresses along the coast, whither the peasants, on their arrival, might retire for safety. A mistaken policy, in excluding Japanese merchants from trading, and in treating their envoys with great indignity, had given rise to this retaliation. The Chinese, more than two centuries previous, under the reign of Kublai- Khan, founder of the Yuen dyuasty, had roade an unsuccessful attempt to con- quer Japan, towards the close of his reign. He fitted out a fleet of four thousand vessels, and engaged the King of Corea to invade Japan on the north. The invincible armada of Kublai was mostly destroyed by storms and other disasters. Another fleet was fitted out by the Chinese Emperor, but circumstances prevented the expedition from attacking the Japan- ese. Death (A.D. 1294) put a stop to the prodi- gious schemes of Kublai, which, had they succeeded, would have added the rest of Asia to the Chinese do- minions. Cochin Chi.a revolted during the reign of Kea- tsing, aud was irretrievably lost. The Mongol Tar- tars, who had traded in cattle on the frontiers, now broke into rebellion, in consequence of the exactions of the Chinese officers; their chief, Yente, invaded the northern provinces, and laid the country waste; he then forced his way to the gates of Pekin, and compelled'the emperor to permit them to establish fairs. Kea-tsing drank the liquor of immortality, as recommended by the Taour sect of philosophers, and died broken hearted, A. D. 1567, afteran unfortunate reign of over forty-four years. The reign of his suc- cessor, Lung-king, was short and void of any re- markable event. He didall in his power to settle the tranquility of the froutier, which the mandarins of his court opposed. It was, however, afterwards settled by a commiescial treaty. The Portuguese had found their way to China in the reign of his prede- cessor, Kea-teing, and a new era seemed now ap- missionaries penetrated juto the ated some knowledge of the re- ligion a: dsciences of Europe. Lung-king died in 1572. Wan-leih, whose ancestral name was Chin-tsung, was oy te. yearsof age when he was called to the throne, in 157). During his minority he followed his winister.’ advice, and appeared to promise well, Mathew Ricci, a Jesuit, obtained access to his court in 1588, and presented a repeating watch to the young Emperor, who ordered a tower to be built to keep i ue. The intercourse, commenced under his predecessor, with western nations, now became an object of solicitude. Through meddling in the affairs of Japan, he drew himself into several wars, which always ended in the defeat of the Chinese. These contests lasted thirty years. Another war broke out on thé frontier, through the tyranny aud robbery of the Chinese on the Tartars. A Mantchou prince bad united seven scattered Tartar tribes under his banners. Being the descendant of the Kin Tar- tars, the Mantchoos still remembered the time when | their ancestors had ruled over the north of China. Their treatment by t.e Chinese inandarins on the frontiers fimented the dissensions, and they scrupled not to invade the imperial territory. Tiough frequently repulsed, they finally took possession of the province of Leaou-tung, a conquest they ne- ver relinquished. Their chief Tien-ming, proclaimed himself em- peror, and fncreased his power by attracting both Chinese and Tartars to his standard. To avenge his father’s death this Tartar chief swore he would annihilate 200,000 Chinese; he kept his cath, for he carried fire and sword to the gates of Pekin; the Chinese generals, with their armies, flying before him. This destruction, end the loss of his wife, with other calamities, broke the Em- peror’s heart, and he died in 1620. Wanleih was an excellent prince, and full of the best intentions, but could not remedy the e which afflicted bis reign. He was sneceeded by his son Kwang-tsung or Tae Cheng, who exerted himself much to put the State in order; but died from a disease caused by his exer- tions, after one month's reign. His physician advised him to take a draught of the elixir of immortality; he did s0, aud expired shortly atterward. Teen-ke, the of age, when he ascended the throne,in 1621. His first care was to collegt a sufiicient army to expel the Tartars from Leaou-tsnng. He was partially success- ful, yet misfortanes seemed to follow this devoted Ming race. Misrule and drought had ruined | several provinces, and the inhabitants in des- | pair cnrolled themselves into bands of free | booters. The Emperor Teen-ke did not long survive these troubles. He died in 1627, being enly twenty-two years of age. Ching, and the last monarch of the Ming line of princes, was a great friend of letters, but as a sove- reign ruler was not able to meet the coming tempest. The most fearful anarchy now agitated China, and was a sure sign of the decline of the Ming dynasty. The Tartars, content with the conquests they had made, fur « while kept quiet, and thus simply stated | their complaints to the Chinese governmeat:—" If | your and cur empires have been so long at war, the pride of the mandarins is the true cause. They con- sider their sovereign as even more exalted than the heavens, and think themselves far superior to all other people; whilst they despize the foreign princes whoin heaven has appoffited the ralers of their respective countries. You commit the most crying injustice; but heaven regards the justice of | our cause, and bas given us the power to avenge our wro! aed jauguage produced severe ani- madyersions from a Chinese grandce, who viewed these barbarians and tueir complaints with the utmost contempt. Very soon after the acces- ' sion of Tsung-Ching to the throne, the Mant | chou chief advanced toward the Chinese fron- tier, and had the boldness to declare that hea- ven had destined him to be Emperor of China. Tae-tsung, the Mantchou prince, had received a Chinese education; he was well versed in the polities of the court of Pekin, and knew how to resist and defeat their stratagems. The letters he sent stating his complaints were rejected ; the Chi- nese monarch paid no regard to them, as it was con- sidered beneath bis dignity to do justice to barbari- ans. The ‘lartar prince declared before his generals, when their patience was exhausted, that with the help of heaven he would procure for them a large empire. “Ji you serve me faithfully, (he faid,) you may be confident that I shall reward you with riches and honors.’ Solicited by his generals, Tsung-tih, son of Tae-taung adopted the title of Emperor in 1635. But the Chinese monarch would have repelled the Tartar invaders, if rebellions among the Chinese had not dis- turbed the peace of the country. Robbers who had enriched themselves with the spoils of their own countrymen, asd gathered around their stand- ards the vagabonds of the empire, bade defi ance to the imperial army. They collected their forces, formed eivht armies, aud divided the empire among them. The most noted among the leaders were Le aud Shang. ‘The latver took posses- sion of two provinces, whilst Le marched to the con- quest of two others, and invested the capital city of Kae-fong. The imperial soldiers defended the place to the last. All resources bad failed, when at last a Chinese army approached, sent by the Emperor to their relief. The imperial general, fearing that he should not be able to cape with the numerous rebel army, came to the desperate resolution of drowning the whole camp. He accordingly cut through tue dykes of the river Hwang-ho, which secured the country from inundation. As sohn as the rebels per- ceived their dangerous situation they fled to the mountains, whilst the whole city was covered with the floed of waters. More than two hundred thou- sand inbabitants perished in the flood, and the whole ‘ con of Tae-Chang, was a diffident youth of 16 years | His successor Tsung: | metropolis was one heap of ruins. This was in the year 1642. ‘The rebel chief now advanced boldly, took posses- ton of two provinces, and killed all the mandarins; whilst he granted to the people a full exemption from taxes. This gained him the affection of the populace, the imperial soldiers left their standards, and ranged under bis banner. Le no longer scrupled to proclaim himself Emperor, and marched towards Pekin. The last of the Ming sovereigns, Teuna- ching, bed grown sullen after so mapy calamities had befalien the empire. His soldiers were without pay, and had scarcely the necessaries of life; misery reigned throughout the court. Hearing of the ap- proach of the rebels to the capital, the Emperor was thrown into the utmost consternation. Le had laid the country weste with fire and sword on his march; and regardless of the lives of his soldiers, be bad sacrificed thousands before the fortress on his way to Pekin. The army stationed to protect the capital threw down their arms; the unhappy Emperor si- lently awaited his fate. A traitorous eunuch opened the gates of the city, and the rebels made a triumph- ant entrance. When Trung ching, the Emperor, saw that he could no longer depend npon any man, he called the grandees of bis court and family together. “All is lost,” he exclaimed; tears stood in his eyes; be could speak no further. The empress was iu the deepest dis trese; she left the avartment «mbraced Lerthree young children, hiseed them fervently, and then strangled herself in a retived part of the palace. The Em- peror then called hie daughter, a gir! of fifteen years of age. “Why,” said he, “are you bern of such un- happy parents?” and aiming a blow at her with hie sword, he levelled her to the ground. Her wounds, however, were not fatal. After this, he gave orders to all bis wives and concubines to kill themselves; and, dressed in the imperial robes, has- tened to oneof the city gates, but found it in poesea- sion of theenemy. Returning to the palace, and find- ing it deserted, be was at the point of despair. For- seken by the whole world, he went to a retired spot near the palace, where he wrote @ paper accusing himself of having been the cause of so mucl¥ misery, charging the grandees as his accomplices, and con- cluded Ly seying, “Take my corpse, cut it in pieces, I am content with this; but spare my people, and do them no wrong.” He then took bis own girdle and | strangled bimrelf, as did also a solitary attendant on this tragic scene. Thus died the last monarch of the Ming Impe- rial family. Unfor-een evils brought on the des truction of this dynasty. China was, on the whole, Guring the eutire period of its coutinuance, in @ flourishing state. Few of the princes were vicious ; } sone of them were excellent rulers, and men of a high order of tolent. But the extent of their terri- tory was far less than it had been under their prede- cess the Yuen dynasty, the descendants of | Gengls-Khau The Tartar troops, under Tsung-tic, the Mantchoo chief, were drawn up along the frontiers, where a brave Chinese commander kept them in check, when the tragical end of Tsung-ching was made known. The Chinese general concluded an armistice, and called in the aid of the Tartars, to annihilate the robber Le and his rebel troops. The allied Chinese aud Tartars drove the rebels from the capital, and a stipulated tribute was paid to the‘Tartars, but they refused to return home. While negotiations between the Chinese general and the Tartars were still pend- ing, Tsung-tih, the Tartar chief, who had been de- | clared Emperor in 1635, died ; bat bis adherents | in Pekin proclaimed his nephew, Shun-che, | and appointed a regency during bis minority, in 1644. He was the first emperor of the | present Tartar or Ta-Tsing dynasty. | In the meanwh le,the Chinese mandarins at the city | of Naukin, the ancient imperial capital, proclaimed Choo-yew-sung, the grandson of WWan-leib or Cling- | tsung, of the Ming dynasty—Emperor. The empire | might still have been delivered from the Tartars, for their numbers were few; their prince declared empe- | rer was & minor, and the hatred of the Chinese against barbarians very keen; but the young Chinese prince was an effeminate being, who spent uost of his time amougst enuuchs and women. The | ‘Tartar army very soon overcame the Chinese troops sent against them, and took Nankin, whilst Prince Choo-yew-sung, a wretched exile, aud forsaken by his own people, drowned himself in the Yang-tse- | keang river. Loogan another descendant of the | Ming family, awaited the victorious Tartars at Hang- choo, which city he surrendered to them, after a feeble resistance, and was himself taken and killed. Of the family of Tsung-Ching, the last Emperor of the Ming dynasty, his daughter, at whom he had | aimed a deadly blow, survived, and was, after her | recovery, married to a Chinese grandee. There stil! | remained at Pekin, efter the fall ot the city into the ; hands of the Chinese rebels, a brave imperial general Lee-kwo-ching, who disputed the victory with Le, | the rebel chief; but when the latter promised to | spare the princes of the blood, and to give the Em- | peror and Empress en appropriate funeral, Le-kwo. | ching submitted. He was present at the burial of | the royal family, and as a faithful servant, bedewed their tombs with bis tears. Having at first promised | to serve under the banners of Le, the rebel chief, he | repented, because heirs to the crown were still alive. | To save himself the disgrace of fighting against the | family of his iormergovereign, he committed suicide. | When the rebels under Le, their leader, were driven trcm Pekin by the allied forces of Imperialista | and Tartars, as we have mentioned, they left that capital during the night, after setting fire to the im- perial palace. The flames were extinguished, and the rebel: being pursued by the Imperialista, were defeated with great slaughter, and dispersed. Le, the robber chief, vigorously pursued, was reduced to great straits. Lis troops deserted him, and he was | compelled to flee toa mountain for concealment, Hunger foreed him from his retreat; hefwas taken prisoner by some peasants, who cut off his head without knowing who be was, and sent it to the Chi- nese general. Thus this rebellion was quelled, bat, as we have seen, the T'artars took possession of the empire, and placed one of their own princes on the throne. After the death of Choo-yew-sung, of the Ming dynasty, who had been proclaimed Emperor at Nan- kin, and on the capture of that city by the Tartar, had drowned himeeli in the river Yang-tse, the Chi- nese oflered the crown to Prince Loo-gan, of the Ming family, but he declined the honor, whilst the Tartars were advancing and carrying all before them. Loo-gan was taken prisoner by the Tartars, and executed. Afterwards, in 1645, Tang, another of the Ming princes, who lived in the province of Fokeen, declared himself protector of the empire, and was stipported by the people of that province in his attempt to expel the Tartars. Atterwards, being forsaken by iis adberents, he abdicated the crown and fied. He was pursued by the Tartirs, and despairing of his escape, threw himself int a well—bis wife was taken prisoner, and beheaded. Yung-leib, the brother of Tang, was proclaimed Em- perer et Canton, and for @ while was succesefal in defeating the Tartars. Several provinces declared in faver of Yung-leib, but the Turtars entered Canton, and flially suppressed the attempts to sustain the Ming dynasty. Yang-leib was obliged to flee to the King of Ava, who generously protected him for seven years, daring which time he was anxious to reestablish himself iu his empire; bat all his attempts proved abortive. The ladies belonging to his court were éonducted to Pekin, avd lived there as prisoners. All the pro- vinces of China were now subjagated to the Tartar conquerors. A naval chief, called Coxinga, or Kok-sing, however, resisted the new dynasty, and | braved the power of the whole Tartar forces that | could be brought against him. He made a descent upon the Island of Aming, and when the Tartars at. tacked him, be rezeived them under the fire of a well directed battery, and shey fled in consternation. If the Ming dynasty had made better use of the cannon and musketry, which the Europeans procured for them, the Tartars would never have succeeded in subdaing the empire. Bat, too proud to adopt the use of the improved Grearms, they only made occa- | sional use of them, and the Tartars profitted by their folly. When Kok-sing received the report of the death of the Ming emperor, he was much dejected. He attacked a Tartar fleet, sunk several vessels, and cut off the ears and noses of four thousand Mantchoos’ whom he sent on shore, in retaliation of the cruelties of the Tartars. He then took possession of the island of Formesa, which his followers held for some years. A rebellion against the Tartare being organized in the southern provinces, prince Yung-letb, of the Ming fam'ly, was recalled from Ava, but was treacherous- ly slain by the Chinese general who had called in the aid of the Mantchoos to suppress a former rebel- lion. So disastrous were all the endeavors of the Chinese to shake off the Tartar yoke, and to sustain or restore the Ming dynasty. Yung-leib had become convert to Christianity, and adopted the name of Constantine, with the view of acting the same part as the*great Roman emperor in establishing the Christian religion. His general officers were all Christians, and his temporary court was filled with converts, It was the mother and wife of this prince who addressed a letter tothe Pope, in 1649, an- nouncing their conversion to the Christian faith. We hear bat little more of the Ming family, except their reported preservation among the mountaineersof Southern China, as we have stated, until the appear- ance of Prince Choo, the present aspirant for the throne, who claims to be of the true Ming stock, and whose adherents have made such rapid progress towards a final overthrow of the present Tartar dynasty. As a matter of curiosity, we subjoin the following story respecting this young prince, which we find in the correspondence from India, in one of the last” London papers received. We add also the remarks of this English correspondent on the subject of the civil war in China :— Ap American Laryoors 4 indeed has, if we may believe him, met + ith and ited a work which gives # con pected account of the wholeeaffair. It profosres to be writies by a friend and disciple of the pretender, who had been bir attached follower for twelve years. His real kame. eye this authority, was Hong Sawchuen :— Sesrly youth, was intelligent Hug read al’ kinds of book 0 Canton, man, with lar, ins book en Exhortin, ween or vixtcen years 0 be t’ with an ex er, and & long ‘Huen S3i_ Leong In this Book fe Commandments, sud not worship devils. fick, he had ision, in which he re- corresponding with those doctrines ye book. and therefore he immediately commenced ‘neting sceording ty the instructions of the ine visit to Canton, daring which ho employed emorisine the Scriptures and learning the aK en proceeded to the Kwang-si wrote relisious he had more Wea; hia disciples, k imazes, attracted the no the «ft ere astailed Ly the police and soldiers, aed the insurrection began. Such is the story. Suspictous re rt periormed in it by an old man d that the Fobel chief may welt a Josait in diag Hi a trecretpary oe beard, whe gave | led, the a t men ought troly to beivve in God, on Ps e. make prosely te & couple of eenturic# azo, we fre 0 +. sexpinvation would mot have been a3 kelp te be tue as any other. nit te ur ty the proeiamations, which appear at ienst Whetler une Christian coloriug civen tothe fiod in another » general offor Chinese system of eamisations 7 dirty the poor. From jartly political, the Tartar bureau ‘intolerable inftio- Seaoe pocghee bites benm ole ment from forcign trade, th mercial peple; gents, Chin ree t ‘orld. nenough. It |« simply to keep quiet, and ee. Tt certainly mo business of nasty aa that of tho Ye justined im assisting ple and their fisant emperor, f wo are told, by @ name i tabliches what bis name ‘So far, the delivery of tes har not been inter- hy it is difier!t to imagine a country tivation om ple have only to stick up eit doors, to Le arsured of every 2 The Tartars, instead of oppressing the Chinese, treated them with great lenity when they obtained the power. Not wishing to initiate the people, they adopted most of the Chinese customs. They, how- ever, compelled them to adopt the Tartar costume of wearing the hair. The ancient Chinese wore their hair long and bound upon the top of the head, and tuking pride in its glossy black, called theinselves “the black haired race.’ But, ia 1627, while the Tartars were in posession of ouly one province, they issued an o:der that al! the Chinese under them should adopt their coiffure, on penalty of death, as a sign of allegiance. The fashion thus began by com- polsion Las been since followed from choice. The heads shaved to the crown, and the hair carefully braided in a single plaid bebind. The Mantchoos adopted their tail, in imitation of the horse ; the cut of their sleeves was according to the shape of the forefeet of their favorite animal, and even the graves of these Tartare are in the form of a horse shue. [a other respects the Tartar conqnerors accommodated themselves to the Chinese habits and customs. They left the native Mandarins in their places, and created new offices for their own chiefs. They raised to the rank of princes three Chinese grandees, whom they rent to take upon themselves the almin- istration of provinces. A descendant of Confu- cius was entrusted with the government of the city of Canton, Although this philosopher, who diea in 479 B. C., left but one grandson, his descendants in China at the expiration of more than two thousand years were estimated to amouut to eleven thourand persous. The mild course of the Tartars was greatly calculated to conciliate the af- fections of the people, who were disgusted with the anarchy that bad existed under their native princes: and sighed for peace. Many Mantchou adventurers hearing in Tartary of the success of thelr country- men in China, flocked to their standards, and great- ly increased the conquering army. Anxious to promote merit, Bhan-che, the first em- peror of the Tartar or Ta-tsing dynasty, ineti- tuted the strictest examination, and as thirty-six | literati had been found to bave bought their rank with money, he sentenced them to death, whilst those who could not answer the questions put to them at the examinations, were banished to Tartary. It is very evident that the Tartare great- ly profitted by the sciences of the Chinese; but the first emperors of the Mantchou race were not #0 great bigots as to despise the knowledge of Burppeans. Shon che, the young emperor, courted the friendship of a German Jesuit (Adam Schaal,) and became his pupf. Many of the wise regulations which gave stability to the Tartar government, emanated from this Jesuit, who was in fact the prime minister of China, though-nominally only President of the Tri- banal of Mathematics. We here repeat the names of the Emperors of the Ta-teing or Tarter dynasty, with the dates of their accession, &c., which We gave in a former article, Emperors. Accesstom. Length of Reign 1—Shun-ete . AD. 1646 18 years. ++ 1002 a i ou b— Kea biog a O— Frou twang oe... . 0 1—Hein-fung ... 1800 (Now reigning, aged 22 years ) There has been more vigor in the administration of government under these Tartar princes than under those of the Ming dynasty. There has been also less palace favoritism and intrigue in appointments to office, more security of lite and property from the exactions of local authorities, bands of robbers, or processes of law, under the present, than under the preceding dynasty. But some of these Tartar Em perors have been blood thirsty tyrants, sacrificing human | fe without seruple, and exercising the tape rial sway fh the worst spirit’ of Oriental despots, None of these Emperors have ever visited the provinces south of the river Yang- tse, although they have mmde frequent tours through the Northern provinces. “There iv nothing whatever (aays Martin, an English writer,) in the past history of China to justify the nations of Western Europe in permitting the present Tartar chiefs (surpers of two hundred years standing,) to continue their arbitrary system of exclusion, a tem adopted from relfish principles, lest their i!l-gotten power should be shaken, which even for ite avowed object the millions over whom they harshly protect against any naval force with which even Por- tugal might wage war against China. Indeed, a sin- gle frigate might ravage the whole coast of this im- mense Empire.” Americans, 48 well a8 Englishmen, and other com- mercial and free nations, must wish well to the cause of the Chinese revolutionists, and desire the success of the Ming dynasty against the present Tartar rulers of this great nation. Tract Society of the Micthodist Eptscopal Charch, The Board pf Managers met in this city on the 18th instant, Asa Childs, Esq.,in the chair; Mr. 8. B. Wickens, Secretary. Prayer by Rev. Dr. Bangs. The Corresponding Secretary, Rev. A. Stevens, re- ported that, though this was but the second quarter- ly meeting of the Board, and the society itself had been organized but little more than six months, et uy 18 conference auxiliaries had been formed, taking in all the Atlantic conferences; 6 conference agents had been appointed; 16 colporteurs sent out; 9,500 dollars subscribed at conference sessions; 8,800 dollars of which have already been paid. A catalogue of between 400 and 500 tracts was now provided. A tract-volume catalogue has been commenced, which vow amounts to more than thirty volumes, is- sued in good style, at reduced rates. e public in- terest for the eociety was unusual—the conviction of its separator being general and profound in the church. The Treasurer, Mr. J. B, Edwards, reported the, rrr of the society at $3,924 07; disbursements Appropriations were voted for tracts for domestic German missions. A pproneasiane for the Scandi- navian and foreign German missions were voted at the preceding meeting. Ten times the receipts of the society could immediately be expended on these demands, . 5 Rey. Dr. Floy reported fromthe committee on a life-member certificate. Several samples were ex- hibited, and the subject again refe: to the com- mittee. A committee, coneisting of Rev. Dr. Floy, Rev. Mr. Bragdon, and W. M. Dikeman, Esq., was appointed to obtain a prize eseay on ‘Systematic Benificence,” to be written in particular reference to the philan- thropic finances of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A friend of the society bas offered $100 toward it. Rev. Leroy Swormstedt, of the Cincinnati Book Concern, was annonnced as having accepted the ap- pointment of treasurer for the West. Railroad Intelligence, cally rule, and whom they would be unable to | ‘The ansexed statement exhibits the quastity and valee THE MINNESOTA AND PACIFIC KALLLROAD COMMENCED, \ That is to say, stock sufficient has been taken to organize the SOMDADY, chartered, to build the first link of the road from this place to St. Anthony, and the engineers will commence locating the road in July next. The priacipal stockholders are hea’ capitalists of Ohio, among them G. W. Kinney, I. Kinney, and J. W. Davis, of Portsmouth. This link of the great road will be built with the greatest ex- pedition. Well, we are a fast people and no mistake! —St, Paul Democrat, June 8. . ‘Weekly Report of Deaths, In the city and county of New York. from the lith to the 18th day of June, 1853. Men, 68; women, 63; boys, 95; girls, 102—Total, 329, ‘DIRRASES. 1 Fever scarlet. 6 Fever typhus ing fro Bleeding from luwge Burned or Brenebitis... 4 Inflammation of bowe! 2 Inflammation of hear Inflammation of lung: Intlammation of stomach. Inflammation of throat... Inflammation of womd.. Inflammation of li Intemperanee . Jaundice...... Marasmue z PAD eH etcs RHEE RO MH OR Co PERE Co RHR CoM EH eH ES ht nt coRD mer CMH OO 13 Measles. “8 Mortification Congestion of lungs 2 Mortitieation of lungs Coneussion of brain. 1 Old age .. Dobility ........ 6 Palty .. Delirium Tremens 2 Premature birth. Diarrhoea. 7 Plourisy. Dropry . 6 Peupura. Dropsy in the head 12 Retention of Drop+y in the chest...... 1 Drowned ,. 3 Dysentery. 5 Kiargement ws 3 Soiclde by Inudanum. pelas °. 1 Sehirrass of the pylorus. Ernption of bead and face 1 Sebirruss of the uterus... 3 v1 Teething..........+6 1 Tamor of te neck. 4 Ulerration of lunge 1 Uloeration of knee jal 11 Unknown ito. 1 Varioloid . aqar. + 88 40 to 60 years er bilions.... Fever puerperal. Fever remittert. i 19 1 to 2 years Til 60. 60 to 60 years 10 2 1 85 60 to 70 yeari 10 ! 10 10 to 80 yea 8 13 80 to 90 y 2 Unknow Ae] enw Germa’ cae Frox—Horpital, Bellevue, 12: Penitentiary, Blackwell's Island, 2; Lunatic Asylum. Blackwell's I-land, 2; Bloom- fogdale Axvlum for Insane, 1; City Hospital, 7;. Almas. house, Bisekwell’s Island, 5; Colored Home,’ 1; colored persons, 3. Interments returned from Ward's Island, 8. THOMAS K. DOWNING, City Inspector. City Inspector's Office, June 18, 1853. ee FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. MONEY MARKKT. Sunpay, June 19—6 P, M. The stock market during the past week has been pretty active, but prices remain about the same ax reported at the close of the previous week. The alvices received frem Europe by recent arrivals, have been of a character ard complexion calculated to check the movements of stock speculators, but thus far we have seen no material reaction in operstions. Day after day hundreds, and frequently thousands, of shares of fancy stocks pass from hand to hand, for weeks aod months, without the variation of one per cent in market vaine, and the parties engaged do not seem to add to or diminish their supplies. Amidst all this apparent activity the broker: are not able to attract @ elas# of purchasers who will relieve the street of even a email portion of the large fancies, which weigh co heavily uoom present holders. Outside #pecu- lators bave dropped the higher elass of faney stocks, and token beld of the mumerous mining projects, which have been prevented in such favorable lights. These small stocks bave been end till continue very attractive; they commerce at eucb reduced rates that there is wide margin for imorovement, while the entire loss, ia the event of an utter avnihilation of the property repre- sented, would be buta trifle, Speculation in the over- grown, beavy fancies, is literally dead, defunct, and there ere no iodiextions of its resuseitation. They move too ond a great movement one way or the other is likely opt thore engaged as either longs or rhorts. The ip secount in these stocks is by ne meaus @ small item, but ix to frequently lost sight of In the small mining stecks {i xs cot of so much importance, as the mount of capital euployed ix limited, and the quantity of stock moved comparatively large. Speculators will find it decidediy to their interest to take hold of the most prominent low priced mining stocks of the day, apd leave the large, old, lumbering fancies, like Long Intend, Keading. Erie, Morris, Norwich aad Wooster, ston. ington, Nicaragua. Canton, and a dozen others of like calibre, to ok) (ogies, who bave more money thaa brains Hy developeing the mineral resources of the country, we add largely to iis apgreyate wealth, ond it is therefore policy on the part of our most active energetic capitsl ints to do wil in their power t get up companies to work the different depooits of ore in all paris of the country. Very loge fortunes bave already been made in this species of +pecularion, and many more will be smnde. slow, to barkr ihemwelves of it judiciously tan will never have cause to regret it. The New Jere) Ka icond and Transportation Company have declared an extra dividend of teo per cont in st ck, to be apportioned on the 16th of Jaly. The New York and Harlem Ra‘lroad Company nave “eclared a semi an- nual di dend of four per eeut on the preferred »tosk. ‘The experts of epeew from thiv port during the past Total, Jove 11 to 16, Preview ly reported. ++, $84,990 00 ++ 7,034,516 15 posees ceseeceeeeceeese OT 918,606 16 Up to the It of July, im 1862, the amount of apocie ox- ported from this port was 612,423,000 Up to the same def this year, 1863, the eggregate will probably not ex- ceed top milliuws of dollars. \ | | FI of certain articles ether than foreign dry goods, import. ed into this port during the week ending and isclutisg Friday, June 17, 1858; — Commerc or Tux Port ov New Yorx—Wasxty Laporte. Value. Phe. Vo ‘ale, Alabaster orn. om lastrumente— Basket: 1,605 + $920 9 oe 7 «(7,880 ene i 6.071 Mm 9442 7,019 8 873 452 9 2,041 1,402 o re 8520 = 798 4 n 168 269 41 «5,610 3.926 302 278 45,282 83 ‘802 8705 67 3.917 79,607 m2 (84 2,267 4 403 4,100 8 ue 1794 oA 1AM 2,272 bY] 803 311 a 236 12 1,448 1 8 320 064 2,621 13 822 990 424 2,823 1,479 1332 1553 983 OA Do crude... 12 Dragon’s bl'd. 3 Fen. oi/f...... 12 Gum revegal.. EM 5 £02281 22 Mel pepe Opium... o rt a 3 Quinine + 8 Piste 18 ammoniac 30 Boda..... £80 tt a su Verdiris..... Logs cod, tons 400 Farthenware.. 446 4.5% 8,000 | 44} \ 1,000 fs | 6,508 260,955 18,665 12,803 ‘900 16,587 57,389 37,308 20,757 { 684 tes 2,776. 9,769 Do. inenuf’d. 15 6,842 | Hats ......006 16 1 Hatters’ gooda 27 India rubber... — i Exhibition , 802 120,865 | Indigo,,...... 176 21,588 Other haport. 38 3,833 Total value of merchandise fe on the market, week ending June 17, 18 os $2,178,272 «we ary goods 1,496,072 Total, «$3,673 S44 | ” ‘The leading items of import in the above table, are:— | Cigars, $45,282; coffee, $79,607; plantain bark, $36,242: furs, $87,345; plate glass, $40,024; undressed skins, $48,- 798; iron, $188,577; pig iron, $50,150; railroad iron, $164, - | 272, bardware, $74,400, steel $45,904; tin, $63,194; mc- | larses, $48,618; sugar, $260,955; wines, $67,880; articles for Cryrtal Palace exhibition, $120,865. I; will be seen that the weekly aggregate continued very uniform. ‘The amount is large, particularly so for the season, The report that an injuuction had been placed on the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad Company, is entirely: without foundation. No application for the exercise of such a poner has ever been made. ‘The banks of Rhoce Island finda daily increasing de-| mand for their fractional bills. The Legislature of Massa- chusetts having, by a speciai act, prohibited the circulation: of such issues, they are being returned through the bro- kers to the Rhode Island bicks that issued them, This’ movement is particularity sgreeable to the Providence Danks, as there is large demand for them at the West, where they are used in paying laborers om the railroads now being built. One bank bas an order for $10,000 worth of theee bills, asd has employed a number of extra hands to prepare them for circulation. Tho issue, thus far, has proved:bighly successful und profitable. The Hartford Times gives the following extracts from the lat annual report of the Treasurer of the State of Connecticut, relative to the savings banks of that State: The tax on depoxits in savings banks is one one per cent. The aggregate amount of these last July wan $6,965,420, or very near seven million dol- lars The largeat deposite was ia the savings banks of this city, amounting to nearly two million of dollars. ‘The New Haven Savings’ Bank had nearly one million. The | Young Men’s Savings’ Bank at Norwich had something over one million; at Middleto xn, within a fraction of one million, Thess were the largest.” The aggregate tax on all these institutions in the Stace, (thirty four) amounted to $8,107 10. Avaiis of ourts $1,626 77; of forfeited bonds, 0. be amount of tax received from railway companies, was $29.372 85. Of ibis the largest som was recei from the Hartford, New Haven and Springfield Company, viz: $8,967 10. The next Isrgest sum was from the New York and New Haven Company, viz; $8,709 60, From Bavk Stocks, non-res'dents, $3,766 42; from noa- residents in towns in this Stste, $708 34. Bridges a: Turnpikes, non-residents, $71. Insurance stock, non- reridents, $551 97. Premiums on foreign Insuranoe, 2,207 97 ‘Tex on Mutual Insurance Companies, $2.07! 97 of which the Connecticut Matual Life Insurance Com- pany, at Hartford, paid $1,616 65 Bank dividends, $31,- a re State Tax, paid by towns, amounted to about 68,000, The aggregate amount of cash transactions by the Treasury, during the year, appears to have been $656,- 872 96, ‘The Austin State Gazette, of the 28th ult , says:—“ Gen, 0. Clarke, of New York, Ex Gov. Paine, of Vermont, P, Greeley, Keq., of Boston, and D.W. ©, Clarke, Esq., of Ver- mont, composing the exploring party sent out to sxamine the country for a line of read through Texas, arrived in this city on Wednesday morning last. They will, we un- derstand. leave to-day for Fort Graham, where they ex- pect to meet Gen. Thomas J. Rusk, with whom they ex- pect to explore the country west of El Paso. We are satirfied that this company are fully determined to con struct the contemplated road, if upon an examination of the route it is deemed a practicable and advantageous one, which no one doubts who knows the country.” The London Bankers’ Maguzine furnishes the returns of circulation of the private and joint stock banks in Eog- lend and Wales for the four weeks ending the 14th May, 1853, and gives the following as the average weekly eir- culation of thoxe banks durivg the past moath, viz :— Private banks.. . Joimt-stock bunks, Average weekly circulation... .se e000, 87,047,158 Op comparing the above with the returns for the pre- ceding month, ending (he 16th of April last, it shors— Ap inereare in the civenlation of the private banks of giochvos cGesaecs aosentinsbican hehe man OW) Ap increase in the circu!ation of the joint stock Paths Of.....se0e0 Trerease on the monta And, as compared with the return for the corresponding | period of last year, viz, 16th of May, 1862, it showa— ‘An inercate in the circulation of the private banks . os Pa £200,742 An increme lation of ‘the join banks ef, ‘ ++ 179,800 Increase on the year... 4... £140,182 On comparing the above with the amounte of the fixed issuen, the foliowing appears to be the comparative state of the circulstion : ‘The private baoks are under their fixed issu ‘The jotot stock banks are under their issues en, £744,006 i Total under their fixed issue. CITY TRADE REPORT. SavurmayY, June 18—6 P, M, lese avimation—only 100 bbls. eterday’s quotations. ‘There, kinds ia the Inspection Ware- Asnrs have shown changed handa to day, at remnined 2,929 casks of Louve this foreacon. BRRADSTUFFS.--Flour continued active and buoyant, at! very firm rates, The raics reached 10,260 bbls.—sor eté4 o 412%, superfive NO 2, at $41236 0 $4 25; ordipary to choice State, wt $4 62% a 648734; mixed! to farcy Wentern, at $4 614 a $4813¢; common to good, Ohio at $4 624 a $4 8734, and otber grades at proportion. ate prices Some 1,800 bbls Canadian brought $4 43%; Sou hern was not so dear, The sales included 1 250 bbls, $512% for mixed to good; $5 18% a $6 59 and $60 » $7 for fancy. Rye flour and corn mea} semain about the anme, Wheat Lars sidersble vigor—the transactioes com prixed 12,000 bushels) Wentern woite at $1 22; 5,700 Canadian do., in bond, at$118. There were 3,700 bushels rye sold at 93¢., arrive and 95e, a 96c., here, L Barley oate were unchanged. Corn varied little—the 4 consisted of 34,000 bushels, at 660, a Oe, for semageds