The New York Herald Newspaper, June 18, 1853, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIELOR AND EDITOR, OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU BTS. Volume <VT1I.. ‘AMUSEMENTS THIS BOWERY THEATRE Bewery—Constcan Baorians— ‘Mose ix Cacavonsia— Wier W arom, BROADWAY THEATRE. Broadway—Avxe Braxe—To Panis axv Back ror Fire Pousns. MATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Wariscn— Trens fine’s Canun- Yawwer Gat, RLES THEATRE, Bowery— Aftern0on—Fiac or ee ena R Lina bios, eveninge Fac OF mm Paes Listix Deyu—Lorraxy Tokar, N MUSEU. secn-Dow Crear ve Ba- ng Li as, 14s Lanonee—iarat DRagoors, AMERI xan’ By MADISON AVENUB—Afernoon and Evening—Faaw- gonr's Carosse Brrropsome, _ WASHINGION CIRCUS—Corner @trect and Sixth avenue. GHRISTY'S OPERA HOUSB, 2 Broadway—Srmoriax Bzsovs xy Cunury’s Orens TRovre, ©OOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical Hall, 444 Brond- woy—Brusorian Minet Bers) GYORAMA, 586 Broadway Banvann’s Fanonama ov wue Hoty Lann, of Twenty-ninth OWEN’S ALPINE % BLES, 539 Broadway. New ObLeans SERENADERS. CHINESE KOO" New Yors, Saturdny, June 18, 1553., —_— OO ST The Weekly Herald. | The United States mail steemship Washington will leave today, at twelve o'clock, for Southampton and Bremen. The Wuskiy Hxratp, containing the latest sews from all parts of the world, together with a great variety of interesting loca! intelligence, will be prblished this morning at ten o'clock, Single copies, | tm wrappers, sixpence each, ‘The News. The heavy thunder storm of yesterday materially Jaterfered with telegraphic operations in all direc- tions. Communication with the East, and between this city and Buffalo, was entirely cut off; consequent: ly our telegraphic colamns make rather a meagre dis- play this morning. This deficiency, however, is qore than overbalanced by the immense amount of general and local news with which our columns are fairly overnn. We have received but little information, in addition to what was published yesterday, relative to the fata! catastrophe on the New York and Erie railroad, ‘last Thursday evening. A despatch from Susque- Drnna states that five persons were instantly killed Ry “he explosion of the boiler of the locomotive, ia- ‘elud’ng the engineer, and three more were blown into the river and lost, making eight who are known ‘to have been destroyed; besides which, others are mizsing. Some of the survivors were badly scalded, two or three of whom, it is thought, will not re- cover. We rnticipate being able to lay the fall par- ticalars of this lamentable occurrence before our Feaders to-morrow. The bill for the incorporation of Catholic societies appears to have been the leading fenture of contro- gersy in the State Senate yesterday. Mr. Taber, an old fashioned Presbyterian, explained the bill at vonsiderable length, and declared it to be directly the reverse of what its opponents alleged it was—viz: am attempt to build up and protect the Catholics without extending the same privileges to Protestants. ‘n the course of the day, the bill was so amended as o include both denominations. The debate was very pirited, and will no donbt be read with great interest sy aliclasses, The old feud betrveen Senators Cooley nd Pierce is still rankling in their breasts and derely waiting foran opportunity to burst forth in I its wonte? vigor, as will be seen by the tart reply f the former gentleman to the motion of the latter ) take up the canal appropriation bills. Most of our Assemblymen appear to have labored nder great excitement yesterday. In the early part f the session they were aroused by the presentation the Maine Liquor bill, which passed the Senate a sw days ago. A motion was made to refer it to a omittee, with instructions to report complete. fter a lively debate, in which nearly every member ? any oratorical ability whatever took part, the ause instructing the committee was lost by a tie rte--53 to 53. This was considered a test of the rength of the two parties. Party politics seem to ave been altogether overlooked with regard to this easure. Among the yeas we find the whigs and mocrats about equally intermixed, but in the list nays there is only about one whig to five demo- ats. Another subject of excitement was the Ma- er impeachment case. Mr. M. sent in a communi- tion, published under the proper head, which bore etty severely upon the Assembly's committee, and questing aa opportunity to be given him of re- ing their charges by a specdy investigation of the atter. This documont gave rise to a protracted scussion. Several members looked upon 1t as an sult to the whole body, end wished to return it to source from whence it emanated; but,on coming a vote, the majority concluded to pocket the af- ut. It was decided that the final vote on the im- whmeut resolutions should be taken on Wednes- y, after which the Assembly adjourned till Mon- y- All prospect of an early adjournment has now rished—the members have important work enough last for a couple of months at least, tumors are current in Washington that Hon. bert J. Walker has accepted the post of Commis. aer to China. the telegraph has supplied us with a synopsis of proceedings of the State Temperance Conven- 1 which convened in “Rochester last Thursday. » designs of some of the strong- minded women to ate anarchy in the cold water ranks, by insisting yeing admitted on an equality with the men, were oitly evaded by the appvintment of a committee credentials. ate advices from Texas report that the Wachita ians had murdered all but one of the persons be- sing to acurveying party, under Mr. Hubert, on Red River. It isa matter of deep regret that larger portion of the aboriginees now settled in west and south-west have not learned something ie art of self-preservation, by their past sad ex- ence. Driven back from hill top to valley, from stto prairie, and from territory to territory, by unwavering progress of civilization, until they cely possess domain enough to subsist tle aants of their few remaining tribes—still, pent uo crushed es these miserable beings are, they I themselves of almost every opportunity that ents itself to masacre the whites. Like the d tiger, they ecize every chance to display their and ferocious propensities. However, the red are swiftly disappearing from the face of the i—in a few yoars searcely one of them will be -therefore let us, while taking measures to ate their murderous forays apon the whites, mber their misfortunes, and deal with them as otly as circumstances wi mit. ree men belonging to the whaling abip Benja. Rush, which returned to Warren, on Thursday, kilied by a wh n the 24th of F ary. Oue e@ deceased was a New Yorker, nam: veral decided cases ot Asiatic cholera are re. to have recently oce urred in Alexandria, Va. » lest commercial advices from Europe are exid ¢ had no apparent effect on the cotton marketat Orleans. The sales on Thursday only amonnt one thousand bales, but the exports were ten ind. ‘The tock on band there is set down at three thoucand bales, and at Charleston five thousand bales, ‘The receipts at all ti rm ports, over those of last year at this time, t to two hundred and nineteen thousand bales, eceipts, according to our New Orleans des- are greatly falling off. ceremony of dedicating the new mission house Ladies’ Home Misstonary Society, toole place building yesterday, which now stands on th site of the Old Brewery, so famons in the records of crime. The attendance was very numerous, notwith- standing the inclemency of the weather. The Rev. Mr. Floy delivered the dedicatory sermon, which was preceded by singing on the part of the children and congregation. A report of the proceedings may be found elsewhere. The Order of United Americans celebrated the an- niversary of the battle of Bunker Hill, last evening, at the Tabernacle. A report of the proceedings, which were exceedingly interesting, will be found in another column. Our paper, to-day, contains a full account of fhe execution of Patrick Fitzgerald, in the City Prison, yesterday; the trial of Sasscer for the murder of Mrs. Johnson, and the sentence of Woodward for the murder o! bis wife, in Washington; Letters from Constantinople and Halifax; Late News from Mexico, Buenos Ayres and Nassau ; Appeal in behalf of the Waldenies; Common Council Proceedings; Commer- cial, Police, Court, Marine and Miscellaneous intelli- gence, Xe, Struggle Between Liberty and Despotiem— Influence of the United Static: over Europe ‘The Cuban Question, This is the 1&th of June, 1853, and thirty eight years have elapsed since the fate of Europe was decided upon the memorable battle field of Waterloo. Nations have had time to recover from the effects of the sanruinary on- slaughts of the modern Colossus; aul with trifling exewption, the who'e world has breathed peace since the genius of Napoleon relin- quished its grasp upon European destinies. At Waterloo was enacted the last frightful effort for the preservation of the balance of power, and Great Britain was unanimously accorded the palm of pre-eminence in European councils. Great Britain, stunned with her acheivement, expressed satisfaction for her subsidies so lavishly granted, and tacitly made up her mind to the monstrous debt confided to her national honor, in the prosecution of a cherished, although frenzied policy, which she had sworn never to abandon. If the peace of Europe depends upon existing nations being kept in their integrity—that is to say, without abstraction and without addition totheir power—the present menacing attitude of Russia towards the Porte gives the necessity for interest, if not for anxiety, and the millions of America take the opportunity for considera- tion as to the immediate or ultimate results of 2 European war. Great Britain has dearly purchased the right to speak first, should the great Northern despot threaten with his hordes the dominions of the Sultan; and it is needless to observe that in such a contingency. the eyes of the universe would be upon ler steps. It scarcely needs the ques- tion whether Turkey has the right to call upon her for assistance, since it is pretty well under- stood that Russia’s preponderating influence be- gins to be felt already, and the inference may be drawn, that England, so notoriously alive to the value of her own position, will not admit with impuni'y the possibility of Russia’s in- creasing that influence, by exercising even religious authority over subjects belong. ing to Turkey. The English ambassador at Constantinople, Lord Stratford, and the French ambassador, M. De la Cour, have en- couraged the Sultan to persist against the out- rageous demands of the Russian envoy—as- suring him that their respective coun- tries will do their duty with resolution. Lord Stratford, too, wrote to Prince Mens- chikoff, warning him of the possible conse- quences of the tone of his demands. In fact. the reply of the Sultan was concerted by the English ambassador. It is generally apprehended that the flames of war will not be kindled in consequence of the position sought to be takem by Russia to the disadvantage of Turkey—that, with his de- mands not acceded to, the Prince Menschikoff goes into retirement—and the matter subsides until irrepressible ambition and the absolute necessity for triumph prevail upon the Russian | Czar, to make the attempt of taking by force that which previously has been refused to be coneeded by treaty. Out of some such cause foresight may safely progacsticate the overthrow of peace in Europe; and the chances are, that nations which have deferred to Great Britain in consequence ot the prestige attaching to her name, will quietly allow it to be atrial of strength whether her dictation to the right and to ihe wrong, be longer submitted to—the weaker powers looking on whilst the stronger belligerents set- tle the question. As the resources of what were once weak nations are daily developed—as the sinew and wealth, and increasing populas tion of a land are shown, we must look also for the expanded national feeling insisting upon weight and consideration—compelling the claim of equality, ifnot of superiority, to other countr although this argumont is more adapted to the present position of the United States, in making comparisons as to what they as were and what they are, and in the conviction | of what they will become, it is perfectly reasonable to imagine that Ru with her almost imm able territory and countless millions, will seek some outlet for ambition, and some field on which to exhibit or expose it. The renown obtained by Great Britain, and the influence she gathered, on the field of Wa- terloo, are unde vle; but it is to be feared that whilst the former is imperishable, the lat- ter will have to sustain rude shocks at the hands of those who have been benefitted by the blood of her soldiers and the wealth of her citi- Great Brit enefactions upon Russia, Prussia, in bearing the dust their common enemy, depend that, in the great liberty and tyran- zens. Austri down to and yet she may coming trial betwe ny, which ex will shake Europe to its foundations, ids will be few and far be- tween. Whilst tl silently think of grati- tude, her institati and the freedom of her people, together with her influence, and the re- collection of the causes of her greatness, will league those who are now her allies, against her, and with heart and hond they will strive to depress her. Who will wish to deny the superabundent reasons existing for foretelling in Europe the ‘¢ for freedom and the struggle betwéen the de hatred of despotic yj Who will smile de. at d ation,” its inculcations ‘dvances-—edueation von policy can k IL might the ¢ f ite of Austria try prevent the ney ot oul of every serf under their r s y the strong hand of power. They wil il Europe by their adherence to ri and liberty will conquer at last. The growing and abundant prosperity of the Thited States, the living. palpable proof that untold millions of God’s creatureg gade policy, I drawn together from every country under heaven. cannot only exist, but thrive apd enrich themselves—can live under plain yet equal laws —can be contented with a government elected from themselves, and which is vigilantly care- ful of nationality. All the force of these, and many other circumstances combined, direct the attention of the world to a eouniry so siroug in its own resources, and carry the truth “of reality to such as drag along their existence under the dread of despotism. Yes, singular as it may appear, we state the fact—the coming fact—without heritation. that the vast influence of the people of this continent, the positive proof of the celebrity, prosperity. and happiness which they have attained under laws and institutions which are fair and free to all, will strike the most terrific blow to the old despotic European thrones. With such sentiments, and existing as we do in the full enjoyment of civil and religious li- berty, it is not to be supposed that the American people will view with contented minds, or per- mit without the expression of their dissatisfac- tion, any attempt on the part of Great Britain to preserve despotic power on the very shores of Florida. It is contrary to nature’s laws that tyranny and liberty shall be close together ; it is contrary to our own interests—to our own comfort—and looking to what Engiand has upon her hands, in the event of continental hos- tilities, to her eense of the indignities aud de- ceptions she has endured from Spain, to her own interests in the wereantile and other rela- tins with this country, she will be cautious about attempting to divert Cuba from its mani- fest destiny. . There are but two receptacles for freedom in the world—Great Britaiu and the States of America—and when we assert that, our great- ness, our happiness, our demonstration of the value of liberty, will, as much as any other cause, be the reason for an attack upon Eng- land by the despotic governments, in their hostility to the freedo: gives to her people, and to their « »itical reiugees, we also hold ou to her, when all for- sake her, to chicer ker on her path; and feeling that the interesis of the human family will be benefitted by the example England shows to the European continent, we tell her to keep it, as the field for her politics, and her diplomacy ; and, onthe other hand, we do not imagine we are wrong in stating that the American continent, with its contiguous islands, when united in the same bonds of peace and liberty which bind our Union together to-day, will, ere fong, show ‘a startling lessun to the world, in the practical solution of the vast influence she has upon the destinies of the universe? The New York Rallroad Accident Law. We had, yesterday, the pleasure of presenting to the public another valuable legislative docu- ment—the report of the special committee on railroad accidents, with the bill based thereon. The subject has cecupied so much of our space of late, that we can only now offer a few brief remarks. The bill deserves support. Many of its provisions are sound and judicious ; those which we deem faulty are only defective, not injurious, and the deficiencies can be sup- plied at a future period. In the first place, it empowers the State engi- neer to require of all railroad companies such information respecting their lines as he may deem necessary, and imposes a heavy fine in case of neglect. This provision is obviously sound, and has long been called for. It authorizes railroad corporations to pass such further by-laws as they may deem essen- tial for the public safety, and to enforce their observance by the imposition of fines not ex- ceeding $100. To this enactment we urge no objection. Confiding legislative powers to pri- vate corporations is always a delicate matter; but if the grant be accompanied with # corres- ponding responsibility, we cannot but applaud it. It pronounces the fact of a collision, or other accident or misadventure, to be presumptive evidence of negligence on the part of the company on whose line the accident occurred; and throws the onus of proving the contrary on them. Actions for damages for injuries in- flicted by any sueh accident, are to take prece- dence of all other causes. Ordinary neglect of duty on the part of any “conductor, engine- man, fireman, brakeman, switehman. signal- man, flagman, or drawbridge tender,” it de- clares a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment ; and requires the company to sue the offending officer. “ Intoxication, or gross or wilful misconduct or negligence” on the part of any of the above-named officials— whea followed by loss of life or limb—it pro- nounces felony, punishable by imprisonment in the State prison, for not more than ten years. ‘These are the main, in fact, the only provisions, by which the new law proposes to avenge rail- way victims, on negligent railway proprictors, So far as they go, they are satisfactory, and have been frequently advocated in the columns of this journal. But do they go far enough? Is it enough that the negligent engineer be sen- tenced to the State prison, while the President or superintendent who appointed him, under whose orders he acts, and who is really the re. sponsible party, escapes scot-free? Why this deviation from the common law, which renders every man liable for the faults of his servant ? The present law, which remains in force, except in those parts conflicting with this new bill, per- haps, in the opinion of the Legislature, sufti- cieutly covers these points. We do not ask that the President and Directors be declared felons, but we do think that their earnest, constant, and anxious superintendence of their road, by one or more of them in person, should be se- cured by something more to the point than an obligation to disprove negligence, under penalty of paying their share of damages to pertics injured, The committce say in their report that it is ‘the interest” of directors and managers to avoid accidents, True, it must be very annoying to be called a murderer in every morning paper for a week. But when this is counterbalanced against an economy of several thousands a year in signal brakemen, bridges, and axles, the “ in wofully diminished. More than one director prefers economical ignominy to expensive re- pect. At least, so say s One hun- dred and sixty-two deaths in one year, on two thousand miles of railway in this § are a singular commentary on * theory of “interest.” Nor are the of the new law ving signal law bridges, requiring brakeman to | point ed to each car, specifying the rate ufeh cars may travel, disqualifying men ) use intoxicating liquors from employment on rail- ways, &c., lees strikingly at v ce with the notion. If the interests of directors be so di- rectly opposed to accidents that they need not he Leld personally responsibie for their opcug rence. why establish regulations which that “interest” must itself obviously dictate? Still. notwithstanding these omissions, we should like to see the bill passed. It is a de- cided improvement on the present state of the law; and after it has worked afew months, the deficiencies we point out may be supplied. Tne Marne Liquor Law Passep THE SE- naTe.—After a struggle with our obdurate Le- gislature, at Albany, for some three years, the enemies of bad liquor, by their indomitable perseverance and energy, aided by the irre- sistible influence of pretty women with Bloomer dresses, have at length succeeded in convincing seventeen rational men, seated in the Senate house of this State, that the present system of license and liquor traffice should be abolished, or greatly modified in its character. The an- nouncement of this important fact was made on Tuesday. The provisions of the bill are equally as stringent as Neal Dow’s, in Maine, Rhode Island, &¢., and some of them are more severe, as they are int@nded for the meridian of the great importing emporium. We perceive, from the slight debates which took place, that Senator Cooley became a con- vert. and advocated its passage. He took a more enlarged and liberal view than Bristol, Cornell. and other fanatics. He wanted to pass the law for the purpose of arzesting the manu- facture and sale of the spurious article. By closing up the three-penny rum shops, and pre- venting the admixture of poisonous drugs, so as to convert and color our raw whiskey into brandy, gin, or anything else, we should then have nothing but the real Otard and schnapps for the comfort ofthe inner man, That is the only kind of liquor drank in Egypt. And who ever knew an Egyptian perish under the horrors of delirium tremens ? Nobody. Cooley is per- fectly right. He prefers the pure article, with- out any Yankee process of mixing or adultera- tion. He can afford to pay five or ten dollars e gallon for his brandy io use at home, or twenty-five cents a draught wicn upon his fishing excursions up yonder among the lakes of Northern New York. Cooley is an inde- pendent public officer. He must be returned to the Senate. So. ye voters on Staten Island, Suffolk and Queens. iang out your banner with this inseription—“Cooley, the constitution, and the genuine article.” What will the House of Assem}.ly do with the bill? The weather is extremely hot in the Capitol and at Congress Hall. It is proposed to adjourn in three or fourdays. Will Shaw or Doctor Miller undertake to grapple the subject, with the thermometer at ninety? Will an occa- sional iced lemonade answer this purpose? Still there is no telling what may be accomplished by the congregated wisdom and eloquence on Capitol Hill. The present Legislature has rendered itself somewhat conspicuous—it has given us an amended charter which everybody admircs—a police law, not quite so popular, but still an improvement—it has shown itself, upon invitation of Troy, during the winter, at Niagara, and evenin Canada, during the sum- mer; and is now preparing to take another ex- cursion from this city to Dunkirk, on the Erie Railroad, and thence to Cleveland upon the waters of the lake. After having accomplished all this, and also completed the canals, why should not the members of the House consent to remain ten days longer than anticipated, and dispose of the Maine Liquor law? What says Old Herkimer? The friends of the law assert that they can rely upon sixty-five votes—suflicient to pass it in the House. From the skirmishing had upon the subject at the regular session, and the indi- cation of several votes collaterally taken, we shall not be disappointed if this prediction prove correct. All that has been done outside the Legislature, has been by the zealots and fane- tics upon the question, the House and be placed before the Governor, he will be compelled to assume a responsibility as hazardous as was his position upon the canal question, the tax and toll bill, the amendment of the constitution, or the selection of New York harbor masters, whom Mr. Cooley repu- diates. The Governor is a candidate for 1854. Will he show his hand upon the stringent Maine Liquor law? Who can tell? We shall see. Tue Cat Ovr or Tue Bac.—Ever since the last November election, and particularly since the mutiny of the Legislature on the 1st of January, there has been a wonderful strife among the faithful, to secure the snug berths of harbor masters. About one hundred and fifty- two trusty, worthy and excellent political friends of his Excellency Governor Seymour, presented their claims, backed and supported by names of strength and influence in this city. All of these applicants visited his Excellency in person, and many remained at the capital during the whole of the regular and special sessions, and were seen to be on hand on each executive day. But Tuesday after Tuesday arrived and passed. and the names of no harbor masters were divulged. The rejection of Cooley’s joint resolution by Mr. Speaker Ludiow, under the alleged dictation of Sey- mour and Loomis. so offended that Senator that he refused for months to go into the con- sideration of nominations. Therefore, the names of those on the Governor’s slate were unknown. Every one of the hundred and fifty applicants had good reason to believe himself selected, as his Excellency treated each and all with his accustomed urbanity. On Tuesday last, the canal question being finally settled, his Excellency, imagining that Mr. Cooley had withdrawn his vengeance, or that his wrath was smothered, ventured to unfold his budget and “let the cat out of the bag.” He sext the names of his friends for harbor masters, and they were announced, It is asserted that there is not a hard shell among them, There is, in consequence, quile an uproar in the camp, now that the names are known. The hardshells swear ven- geance mour. Will Cooley consent to confi Will the settiement of the Canal question obliterate from the memory of that Senator the vituperations and reproaches nlated far and wido, tire sea- and contiiued to this day? We car helieve it; and our opinion is based upon t fact that he refused to take up the appoint- rm them? si ment of th t inepector, or the Brool- lyn harbor 1 3, at the last executi session. Will Mr. Cooley, with the Pyramids before him. yicld? We advise those who are on the slate to continne to hope, watch and pray. during their sleepless nights, and their troubled thoughts by day. Patience is the mother of virtues. ggasi WHilamsbarg City Intelligence, fermen nts bitt,—Thonas W. Boyd, the lion of the re cent millinery trinl, who was committed to prison on Thursday #fternoon, in default of paying hiv foe, came to nto save the city avy farther expense, af ing in his new qnarters severe! hours sod fork OVEE bie BA) WO hunjur Vimemad, bes Leeper Ul Lu® COlis, pnd yas allowed to depart, eee Should the bill pass | | Tue Sriznpi Fiorat DisPLay—Tae Horm- CULTURAL Exurprrion.—“Gardening,” says Lord Bacon, “is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest retreshment to the spirits of man;” one of the few pleasures which leave neither sting nor cloy, and serve both to refine the taste and toster the religious instincts of man; a pleasure which happily combines the gratifi- cation of the physical senses with the culture of the moral nature; a pleasure calm, subdued, yet absorbing; neither tending to grossness on the one hand, nor to idle dreaminess on the other, but requiring just such bodily activity as health demands, and just enough contem- plativeness to lead to composure of mind and love of religion. It is not the least of the tri- umphs of the age we live in that the vocation in whose gift such treasures lie should have been raised to the dignity of a science in our days. Botony existed, no doubt, as long ago as Pliny; but we should profane the name of science were we to apply it to the rude ele- mentary notions of the vegetable and floral kingdoms, which were entertained before the nineteenth century. Rousseau and others who wrote on the subject had little save a hearty love and admiration for “ this boanteous, beau- teous earth.”” Linneus knew but some 8,000 species of plants; even Bory de Saint Vincent, writing in 1829, has qualms of conscience at enu- merating the number of known plants at 30,000. and apologizes to the reader for hazarding the hope that some day the earth may be found to contain as many as fifty thousand different y¢- getable families. Three years ago, single garden in England contained one hundred and fifty thousand different plants, properly classi- fied, arranged and christened. New methods of deluding exotics into contentment in exile, new processes of stimulating the fecundity of mother earth, new contrivances for tending and curing diseased plants, are now discovered daily. Nor is the progress of botany confined to Europe. Many countrymen of ours—men of enlightened mind and ample fortune—have devoted a con- siderable share of their time and means to its culture, With its usual parsimony, the State leaves them to grapple, unaided, with the task. All the success obtained is due to individual efforts. ‘ What those efforts have been, and to what extent crowned with reward, may have been seen at the horticultural exhibition just closed at Metropolitan Hall. A pleasant sight it was, indeed, to see that vast enceinte, so seldom unoccupied by benches and human heads, filled. from the stage to the door, with nature’s choicest jewelry. There were roses of every hue, from the blueish purple to the virgin white—roses from Old England, roses from France, roses from Bengal and China, and roses of our own native hills—all rich with the ful- ness of their bloom and fragrance. There, too, were cacti and carnations, verbenas and or- chids, orange trees heayily laden with their tempting fruit, and therarest gems of the Eastern jungle. There wasa tree with hard, ig shaped leaves---a tree that we might ia a thick glen without further notice than % brief glance, for no sich hues or sweet scent from it greeted our senses. But thou, visiter, who hast yawned in piteous weariness over the in- terminable patent case of the immortal Day and Goodyear, ponder it well: had it not been for the sap of that tree, thou might’st never have been bored with discussions on India rubber, and both Day and Goodyear might have gone to their graves in peaceful obscurity. It is, in fact, the India rubber tree. There, again, in the centre of the hall, was a monstrous plant, floating like an overgrown whale, on the surface ofa tank of water. Behold it, visiter, and bow with re- spect before the Victoria Regia. ‘Twill soon be seventeen years since Sir Robert Schomburgh descried it, for the first time, in the waters of the Berbric, in Demarara. “A gigantic leaf,” says he, “from five to six feet in diameter, sal- yver-shaped, witha broad rim of a light green above and a vivid crimson below, rested upon the water, Quite in character with this wonderful leafwas the luxuriant flower, consisting of an immense number of petals, passing in alternate tints from pure white torose and pink, and mea- suring in some instances fifteen inches across,” Sir Robert sent it to England, where it was planted in the royal garden at Kew. It would not flower there, however; and botanists were about to conclude that it could not reconcile itselfto change ef scene, when Joseph Paxton, who has since immortalized himself by the construction of the Crystal Palace, obtained an offset, and by artfully raising the temperature ofhis conservatory to that of Demarara, by burying the roots in burnt peat, and commuui- cating, by means of a wheel. a motion to the water in the tank. like the current of the Ber- bric river, had the satisfaction of producing roveral splendid specimens of the flower. Other gardeners, by the same means, have since obtained the same result. A Philadelphia ama- teur has been even more successful: his Vic. toria regia has already given birth to nearly 160 flowers—one of which made its appear- ance at the Metropolitan exhibition. Sucha flower seems raiher the product of some an- tediluvian lake, when all nature’s children were on amammoth scale, than the growth of one of our puny garden tanks. Every body loves flowers. We trust so, at least, from our profound regard for humanity Inall ages, flowers have been man’s companion from the cradle to the death-bed. Hear one who loved them well :— Bring flowers to crown the cup and lute; Bri rs—the bride is near; Bring 10 to soothe the captive's cell; Bring flowers to strew the bier! No one who spends an hour at an horticultural exhibition but will acknowledge that his gent ler impulses haye been strengthened and en- couraged, Wuat’s iy tie Wixp?—There is reason for believing that acertain portion of the dominant party in the Legislasure, who have been dis- carded by his exeelleney, are determined to test him upon the Maine Liquor law. The hunkers of, the Senate who voted for the bill, are Messrs. Cooley, Bristol, Kirby, Otis, and Snow, either one of whom could have defeat- ed it had they chosen to have done so. Those of the same class in the House, are making up their minds to vote also with the ultra sonce members, with the object of pagsi bill, vending it to the executive chambe compelling the Governor to assume the r sibility. This will put him in o tight pl more perplexing attitude than he has yet been cornered in, He must either sign the bill, o fuse todoit. In either event, he will be forced into a predicament from ch it will be ex- ceedingly difficult to exvicate himself, whea stumping it through the Static and “along the canals,” in 1854, for re-election. Have a care, ye mischievious hardehells! npe- To wn Huna.—George Gutes, the murderer of Deniel Lilly, bee been sentenced to be bung at Ustewa, | dL, on the 28th of June, ‘Tue InpvstniaL Casares or New Youx.—Tay Caper Makers axp CABINET Maxne—We publish to-day our third article on the industriay classes of New York, selecting for our subjec{ the cabinet makers. Under this head we incladg all who are employed in the manufacture of fare niture—the carvers, upholsterers, chair maker#; and those employed in making sofas, tables, and other heavy articles of furniture. The principal object which we had in view Iq our account of this trade, was to give, 80 fag as our means of information would permit, ag’ accurate statement of the actual condition of the trade at present, the wages reecived by those employed in the various branches, ang some general information in relation to thy manner in which the business is conductedg We have also presented several important facts showing the effects of strikes, emigration, and competition in reducing the rate of wages, These are the great agencies at work in almdéat every trade; but in none have they been mora effective in diminishing the wages of the tradesman than in this particular occupac pation. There is question which we should like to have answered—whether this reduction has been beneficial to the employer ?—for com petition is said to bear as heavily upon their profits as it-does upon the wages of the work: men. Whatever they may lose, however, in thig respect, they make up, we should think, in the increased demand and immense amount of fure niture exported to the West Indies, the Souths ern States, South America, and California. Of fifteen million dollars worth made in this city, not more than one-sixth is sold here, the ree mainder being exported to the places we hava named. New York is, in fact, the great cabineé making city of the United States, and some of her manufacturers do a business of between two and three hundred thousand dollars yearly, © Talk on ’Change, The sales of cotton reached only about 600 a 700 bales, without change in quotations. Fresh ground State flour was 6c. per bbl. dearer; wheat was firmer, with an upe ward tendency in prices; corn was dull, The fine ship North American was sold yesterday, by Mesers. Foster & Stephenson, to Joseph Phillips, Esq, for about $68,000, ‘es ‘The provisions of the bill reported in the Legislature for the better security of railroad passengers, was referred to, and many of them condemned. It was thought out of place to caddie the duty of Railroad commissioner om the State Engineer; thore were about two thousand miles of railroads traversing the State, and it would be difficult for the Engineer io discharge his duty in sus pervising them, andat the same time discharge the other duties of his present office. It would have been better had a commissioner of railroads been provided for,’ whose duty it should be to pass over the roada, at proper intervals, with a view of examining into their management equipments, &2., as wellas into the proper eonstrug- tion of roads and bridges, and tomake his annual; report to the Legislature. Suppose the steam engine boiler, which expioded near Susquehanna, had been properly examined by a commissioner. the accident might have been prevented. If one commissioner was not able to at- tend to all the roads, the State might be divided into two or three sections, and an inspector or @ egmmissioner ap- pointed for each, Some provisions, such as those regarding flagmen, ma. nagement of drawbridges, signals, Xe., were good enough in their way; but, the policy of holding railroad companied guilty of carelessness in all possible cases of accident, (and cousequenily “able for damages,) unless they could prove themnelves innocent, was disapproved of. It might lead to much vexatious and unnecessary litigation, It was doubted whether there was time left at the preeent, session fur proper delivezation on the subject. It would be better to appoint a commission to make a personal ex. awioation of all the roadsin the State, ascertain the material facts regarding accidents and their causes, and make their report to the next session of the Legislature, together with the outline of a law best calculated ta guard against them, Uader existing laws heavy damages were provided for loss of life arising from carelessness, and it was not likely that the public would suffer much from a few mon‘hs delay. The memorial presented to the Legislature through Mr. Morgan, from citizens of New York, in favor of having commissionera appointed to fix upon permanent water lines around the city, it was hoped would receive the speedy action of the Legislature. It was hardly ex- yected, however, that the committee to whom the subject, bad been referred would, on reporting the bill, report names of gentlemen from the intericr to fill the com. mission, The commies'on should consist of scientific men, who:e appointment might appropriately be left ta the Governor of the State, or to the Mayor. If the State wished to rave expense it was possible that the government might be induced to detail Professor Bache ive seme members of the coast survey, to perform the uty. Close of the Exhibition of the Horticultural Society. ‘The above scciety closed their semi-annual exhibition Jast night, but without any additional ceremonies, as had been criginally intended, It had been expected that public address would be made; but through somo bad maxagement on the part of tho.e to whom the affair wag intrusted, it was found impoasible to obtain a speaker, from ijeaving this part of the proceedings to the eleventh hour. The attendauee of visiters last night was very limited, owing, doubtless, to the stormy afternoon, which prevented many from going out of doors—the rain, that has been so beneficial to the garden, acting likewise as @ “damper” to the exhibition—a practical proof of the proverb that ‘one man’s meat is another inan’s poigon,’? Seriously, however, we axe sorry that the exhibi.ion hag not been so profitable as it ought to have been—the num- ber of visiters having been only about 4,000—a very small number out of a population of over 500,000, in New York ey alone, without counting those in Brooklyn, Wil- liam-burg and other places in the vicinity, ‘The ceremony of giving the prizes to the successful competit irs, accordng to the bye laws of the society, ought to take place on the next monthly moeting; but as that wil fall on the fourth of July, we understaud that a special meeting will be held on the last Monday in the prevent wonth for that purpose. In giving an account of the plants on exhibition we omitied to notice a stand of rare exotics, exbibited by Alfred Bridgeman, florist which deserves particularly to be mentioned, on account of the valuable pisnts that were on view. The principal of these were the croton pictum, from the Cape of Hope; two specimens of the dragon plant, a native of the kas Indies—the Duke of Devonshire has @ timilar plant in his celebra.ed conservatory at Chatsworth, for which he gave $500; the begonia’ manicuta, native of the Caye of Good’ Hoye; a vew variety of the hoya bella or waxplaut; the erithrina, geeptophyllium horteusis, A specimen of the Chinese orauge tree with its fruit, the ‘Tor repia Asiatica, a native of the Kast Indies. another tirguler plant, exbibited by the same, is the Yusea, or Adatn’s Needle, so called from the supposition of its being the identical plant whose iesf wos used for sewing the fig leaves together, as narrated in Scripture, Singular as it inay appear. no one upon bebolding the curionsiy formed leaf of the plant, can doubt its apy ltcability for aay sush purpore the leaf av its extremity forming asharp point- ed reedle, and the other part dra sn out into awiry, eteong thread. This piant, although a native of the East, is very hevéy avd will stand our climate. Among other plants exhidited by the sume, were the Auracaum Imbricata, a veriety of the Norfolk island pine; a new sort of gera- reum, with a most fragrant scent, called the Adoratnua Vegiegatum; the Asala Variegara,’ a greeshouse plant, originally from China, as well as many others, Inevery City you find some House of enter« trinmen’ partfoularly J by Htorary and professional men, ‘The establishie don, known by the romantic name of the was for many ye grand resort of the st , of Literatur’ a: fine arte Hig tid t door to Burt ms theatre, C »y @ similar position iu New Yo nguished actors, arth lawyers, artiets, & ent dinner: in the galle a y, refreshing nt Falineau’ no (thor of its kind in the nt and moro seloct class of ads intellectual enjoyment desirable in the way of eating and room, suitable far exhibitions or public ld G00 people) to Tet for one o more nigute, Knbinenu’s cheap Swimming Baths, at Dou ‘treet, North civer,) are now iT te ts for $1, Admittai Wom Bat at the Astor, Irving, and Caziton Houses. Exbinition of Avclent Armor at the Crystal shirts of mail sont or exhibition vill ex= ttention, thrugh t not atford eo much hat 1 brated st it males—tho * Patent 4 J. AGATE, at his splendid atora ving goods, 256 Broadway, opposita mad for gention a fuer the City Linll, Boynra’s Soups.—Pish, Green Turtle, and other soups, all this week. Daily lunch from 10 to 12. Soups, fish and joints, P.M. BAYARD, No, 8 Stato strogt, ‘Orders for eoup prow at $1 per quart. ¥ supplie Fifty Ce erreoty pes and Upwards, re das URW, 40" Broadway, in a eu porter sty! ean D seial apd fini be had in the vity, orfvot sabisiaction given, or no pay required,