The New York Herald Newspaper, May 16, 1853, Page 4

» F __—______. NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT. PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. Orrics ¥. Ww. conWER or FULTON AND wassad fTs. rey er cony-$1 por exer. Fae Wabgay man ooops any rare Greet Britain, and’ 9b te ‘omy partes world ; if used, wall LETTERS ebscriptions,cr with Adver- eee re ee he camer it ts dodueted from ho money remitted. Volume FXVIII.,,...----+---.- Be, 135 AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—La Tove v: Gaany Divenrioewent—GieeLLe. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadwsy—Micsrrs. BURTON’S THEATRE. Chambers street—Sux Sroors TO Conquaa—Swaavnxakts anv Wivzs. Ness NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street—Burcnens or Guan?—Srvaancs Hietory WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadwey—Dom Crear ve Bazas—Maps Ur. CHARLES THEAT! Bo Di Yow Even ma Wire Ovr oF Town Tue ToopLas—Lapiae’ Reoure—Linanion Boy. \BUM—Afternoon—Loan Li = CBRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, £72 Brosdway—Ermo: ‘Wanopme sy Cunury’s Trovrs. reeean ‘WOOD'S MINSTRELS. Wood’s Musical Hall, 444 Broad way—Eruiorian Mrneraxisy. MADISON AVENUE—Afterncen and Evening—Faan- wemrs Co. 0sesL HirPopRome. OMMOUS, 37 Bowery—Equusentan Exrenraivuene, a 586 Broadway—Bauvany’s Panenaus ov uy Lamp. MUBALN'S SOIREES MYSTERIEUSES, 589 Broadway. OWENS ALPRVE RAMBLES, 589 Brosdway. New York, Monday, May 16, 1853. ‘The News. As is usually the case on the Sabbath, very Mittle news was yesterday received by telegraph from ay quarter, Our only item from Washington con- sista of an account of a shoc.."2 murder, Robert A. Hawke, a messenger of the General Post Office, while laboring, as.it is reported, under # temporary aberration of mind, cut his wife’s throat with a razor on the night previous, and afterwards attempted to eut his own, but his design of self-destruction Was frustrated by the dying woman, who knocked the instrament from his hand. He also intended to kill his only child,*who was fortunate enough to evade the slash. The unhappy monomaniac, it appears, was impressed with the belief that mankind was against him, and he adopted this horrible plan of seeking another and a better world, in company with his family. Over a thousand persons assembled at the Taber- nacle on Saturday evening, to hear Miss Lucy Stone ‘Wat ied to Santa Anna’s recall. He reassumee the dictatorship under the pressing exigencies of an exhausted treasury, a rebellious army, an impoverished people, a jealous priesthood, impatient European creditors, Indian incursions | from all cides, diseord in the south, discontent in the interior, and fillibustering invasions all along the north. His first necessity is that of a bankrupt exchequer. He must have money. He cannot move, he can do nothing without money. And the question, how is he to raise the needful supplies, involves considerations of the first megnitude to Mexico, to us, and to the whole commercial and political world. There are three modes by which the immediate necessities of the Mexican dictator may be met. He may draw at the point of the bayonet upon the treasures of the church; he may secure a loan, upon usurious interest, in liens and mortgages, of British capitalists; or he may obtain a good round sum, in hard cash, from this government, for an additional margin of the waste and open territory which danks the present boundary line of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The plan of compelling the church to disgorge a portion of her hidden treasures has long been an itching desire with Santa Anna; but upon sounding that project heretofore he has found it utterly impractieable, from the unlimited power which the church holds over the people. ‘Our Lady of Guadalupe” is review the proceedings of the late temperance meet- ing in the Brick Church, which rejected several female delegates from the Women’s State Tempe- vance Convention. A full report will be found in another part of to day’s Hzraxp, which our readers will find amusing and racy. In another column will be found a report of the speech of Dr. Revel, moderator of the synod of the Waldenses, explanatory of the object of his visit to this country. This sect, which have existed through ages of persecution, now, through theireloquent rep- resentative in this country, ask for the assistance of a Christian people. The Rev. Dr. N. West last evening preached a very able and eloquent sermon at the Dutch Reformed Church, Lafayette place, particularly; addressed to the Jews, on the Divinity of Jesus Christ. He con- tended that His advent, miracles and death had been most clearly foretold in the Old Testament, and illus- trated his argument by numerous citations from Holy Writ. From the length of time which his discourse ccupied, extending to an hour and a half, we are ‘unable to furnish as fall a report as the importance of the subject, and the ability of the preacher would A telegraphic despatch from New Orleans an- mounces that the European advices brought by the Atlantic imparted a firmer tone to the cotton market en Saturday. The stock on hand on the day pre- vious consisted of one hundred and eighty-seven thousand bales. The increased receipts up to this time, at all the southern ports, over those of last year, amount to two hundred and sixty-two thou- sand bales. Our inside pages to-day contain some additional ‘and very interesting intelligence from Europe, viz:— Sketches of Spirited Debates in the House of Com- mons relative to the Kossuth Rocket Affair, and in the House of Lords upon the Canadian Clergy Re- serves Bil] ; The Movements of the Chinese insur- gents, and Threatened Subversion of the Tien-Fung dynasty ; Mrs. Uncle Tom Stowe and the American Minister at the Dinner of the Lord Mayor of Lon- don ; The Parisian Fashions ; Miscellaneous Para- graphs, Commercial Circulars, &c. Also a Letter from Boston ; Communications relative to Australia, and Railroad Accidents ; Commercial Review, &c. The Crisis in Mexico—Probable Designs of Senta Anna—More Evidence—What will General Pierce dot Our readers will have discovered among the items of our foreign intelligence by the Atlan- tic a very significant little item from the Diario Espanol of Madrid. It announces that Santa Anna has applied to the government of Spain for aid (‘financial and materiel” aid, no doubt) to meet the contingencies of an anticipated filli- bastering irruption into Mexico from these United States. This semi-official announcement of the goverr- ment organ at Madrid is, we apprehend, of higher and more immediate importanee to us than the Turkish question, or any other cotem- poraneous question limited to European affairs, We are here admonished that there is some- thing of grave reality in the late rumors and incidents connected with the return of Santa Anna to Mexico; that his inclinations to a close and humiliating alliance with Spain are well ‘anderstood at the Spanish court; and that the Diario at Havana, in suggesting the probable ef the Mexican dictator, spoke with a considerable margin of authority. The peculiar facts and circumstances of sus- picion attending the return of Santa Annafrom his exile, are fresh in the recollection of the public. His cordial reception by the Spanish authorities at Havana, the incidents of frater- nal feeling which marked his departure from that port, and the explicitly declared opinion of the Diario that the reinstated dictator would probably re-establish the government of Mexico upon the basis of institutions similar to those of Spain, to the great end of preserving the in- @ividuality and independence of the Spanish race, could not well be forgotten here in the brief interval which has since transpired. But ‘we deem it expedient to recapitulate those facts and circumstances, as testimony corroborative of the brief, but extremely interesting little paragraph from the government organ at Ma- drid, We have thus a consistent chain of cir- cumetantial e supporting the suspicion that it is the ultimate design of Santa Anna to restore Mexico to its ancient colonial vassalage with Spain, or to the scarcely less degrading condition of a protectorate of Spain, France, and England. At was the inet extrcinity of mational distrese still invincible in Mexico. The only hope, therefore, of Santa Anna from the church is in such gratuities or loans as it may be pleased to bestow ; and these, we apprehend, will hardly be sufficient for a tithe of his most urgent de- mands. On the other hand, the British capi- talists would hardly be willing to lend any more money to their sixty millions invested in Mexican bonds, short of some more substantial hold upon the resourees of the State, her ports, her rivers, her highways, or her soil, than any- thing of the sort which they now possess. The remaining alternative is to sell an addi- tional strip of the northern frontiers of Mexico to the Ynited States; as this appears to us the wisest and safest policy for both Mexico and the United States. But the antecedents of Santa Anna, and his recent emphatic declara- tions on the subject, would seem to bind him against the egcri%ée of another inch of territory to “the atrocious Yankees,” at any price. If he holds to this ground, and to the resolution | of maintaining the identity and independence of the Spanish race at atl hazards, we can per- ceive no other resource left to him than to sur- render the country back to Spain as a colony, or to the protection of a European alliance, on terms as degrading even to poor Mexico as they would be disadvantageous to us, and hostile to the genius of our institutions and the drift of “ manifest destiny.” Such is the critical condition of poor Mexico. To save the country from becoming a depen- ey of Spain, or of a European alliance, we fear that our government cannot interpose its friend- ly offices too speedily. The little boundary difficulty of New Mexico affords the occasion for such enlarged overtures of a pacific adjust- ment as will not only cover all our unliquida- ted difficulties with our distressed neighbor; but such as will also relieve her necessities, place her firmly on her feet, and guarantee to her in our friendship and alliance. the preser- vation of her republican independence against all European intriguers. It seems to us that the time is at hand for action. What will Gen- eral Pierce do? The Chinese Revolution—Our Policy. The Emperor of China is in sore trouble. Ac- cording to the newspapers, the insurgent leader Tienteh has been executed and buried at least halfa dozen times; but no sooner have his friends exhaled their last sigh over the heart- rending narrative of his last dying speech and confession, than he appears more lively and daring than ever. The last news of his move- ments was the account of his overrunning the populous provinces of the central empire. This was followed by a startling despatch from the Commander-in-Chief to the Secretary at War, . reciting the incredible succor the imperial forces had received from the god Khan. The deity, it would seem, is fickle in his attach- ments; or possibly some Chinese Diomede may have profanely assailed him in a vulnerable point, for the possession of Hoosan has been fol- lowed by arapid and triumphant march on Nan- kin, and that city has fallen into the possession of the rebels. Nankin, as everybody knows, ia the capital of the wealthy and populous pro- vince of Kiansu; and, though sadly fallen from the rank it once occupied among Chinese cities, still contains from four to five hundred thou- sand inhabitants, and is not without reason considered the Athens of the empire. Against it the English directed their invasion in 1811; its fall exercised a very considerable influence over the termination of the war. It is impossible that Tienteh ean have possess- ed himself of Nankin without the support of its inhabitants and their neighbors; and the news of its capture would seem nearly equivalent to an announcement that the most populous pro- vinces of the empire were deeply imbued with an insurrectionary feeling. What progress the Pretender has made may indeed be inferred from the fact that many of the leading officers of the court and household have openly es poused his cause, and this in spite of the san- guinary vengeance wreaked by the Emperor on several officials suspected of disaffection. To us, viewing this dynastic struggle—for no prin- ciples appear to be involved in the contest—at such a distance that partiality is barely possi- ble, it may seem a strange thing that a collate- ral relation of the Emperor should wield suffi- cient prestige to shake the throne. We are naturally inclined to ascribe the success of Tienteh to his personal talents and energy. Such an inference, however, may very possibly prove incorrect. We have seen the Scotch in- volve themselves in dreadful misery for the sake of their beloved “Charlies ;” attachment to the person of a prince may be found as well on the fertile slopes of Honke and Nganhoee as in’ the Scottish Highlands. To whatever cause the success of the insurgents may be attributed, it is certain that the Emperor has displayed neither firmness nor judgment, nor courage, inthe struggle. The most authen- tic accounts of his proceedings which have reached us represent him as avenging his losses on his unfortunate officers. General after gene- ral has expiated his defeat with his life. More recently we learn that at the very time Tienteh was entering Nankin, at the head of 50,000 men, his Celestial Majesty was signing the edict for the re-admission of opium to his dominions. We are not of those who would repress vice by enslaving a whole people; nor should we advo- cate that the inhabitants of any civilized céun- try should be debarred of any of the comforts Of life because one out of ten among the num ber wade a bad use of them, Liberty must be bought, and we do not grudge ite price. But from all we have been able to learn of the Chi- nese empire we have been led to entertain a very high opinion of the Emperor, who refused to derive a revenue from the opium traffic at the cost of the morality and health of his subjects. We have always regarded it asthe foulest stain on the British escutcheon in the East that Bri- tish merchants, under the sanction of the British flag, should have continued to introduce the fatal drug into China, in spite of the entreaties of the government and the remonstrances ofthe people. It was, in our opinion, exerting their superior strength to commit a heinous crime. No comparison can be drawn between the effect of alcohol here and that of opium in China. So terrible are its effects on all classes of society, that a trustworthy traveller and resident does not hesitate to say that he doubts whether Chinese society would hold together if the poison were freely sold at the bazaars. It may be that diminished revenue has suggested the fatal expedient of removing the prohibition. A fallacious hope of regaining popularity may have had something to do with the decision. Other causes, of which we are ignorant, may have exercised a powerful influence on the result. From whatever cause it flows, the Emperor may rest assured that the “reform” is pregnant with evil. It has been suggested that as he has appealed to foreign powers for assistance we might take advantage of his difficulties to claim further commercial privileges. We need not asgure our readers that the extension of our intercourse with China is one of our most cher- ished projects. But no advocacy of any such scheme need be expected from us. Rather perish the Chinese trade altogether than build it up on the ruins of the Chinese people. The United States government will doubtless take part in the struggle if any foreign power resolves on participation. Should it do so, its representative will be guided more by circum- stances than by direct instructions from home. For our part, viewing all revolutions as neces- sarily tending to liberalize the institutions of the country in which they occur, and profound- ly impressed with a sense of repugnance to the late policy of the Emperor, we would rather hear of our forces co-operating with the insur- gents, on a clear understanding th 4; we were to derive fom Such a cottse tangible advantages in the shape of enlarged traffic, than chronicle an account of the restoration of the opium-cat- ing Emperor by American arms. ARRIVAL OF THE ATLANTIC—OvR STEAMERS anp Ciirrers.—The arrival of the steamer At- lantic, after a passage of nine days and twenty- two hours, is another triumph for our steamers, It is not the shortest passage on record, the Baltic having accomplished the same distance, in August. 1851, in nine days and fourteen hours. But no foreign steamer has ever made a trip in so short a period. In connection with this subject, we cannot help noticing, at more length than our space enabled us to do a few days ago, the recent re- port of Lieut. Maury to the Secretary of the Navy, on the rapid passages of the Sovereign of the Seas, the Flying Cloud, and the Comet. A writer in a late number of the United States Review, whose official experience ought to have enabled him to forma more judicious opinion on the subject, affects to disregard our sailing vessels, and reste his hopes of defeating the British navy, and subjugating Great Britain, on the superior excellence of our steamers Without stopping to inquire whether it be ab- solutely indispensable at the present moment to subjugate Great Britain at all, or devoting any further attention to the peculiar prejudices and propensities of the Ex-Secretary of the Navy, we may perhaps be permitted to regard him as the representative of a class who, striv- ing to conceal their old fogyism under an affecta- tion of ultra “progressiveness,” make a point of deriding our sailing vessels, and reserving all their admiration for those propelled by steam. In their eyes, ships have existed too long by half; sails ought to be abolished by act of Congress, or at least restricted to ornamental purposes; maingails ought to be ‘‘clewed up” in museums; and square yards sold for old timber. They deem merchantmen rococo, and clippers a nui- sance. Nothing but steam and coal havea nautical aspect in their eyes. Irrefragable evidence of the superiority of sailing craft for long voyages, both in point of economy and capacity for carrying freight, cannot convince them that it would not be better to burn all the ships, or at least to perforate them with a screw. In short, these gentlemen are like the honest farmer, who, when railroads were in- vented, broke his haycart into firewood, because, as he said, there was no further use for it. Lieutenant Maury, whois generally regard- ed as somewhat of an authority in nautical mat- ters, takes a very different view of the case. Without disparaging our steam navy, he does not deny to our sailing vessels a fair share of admiration. Indeed, no one but a blockead or an ex-secretary of the navy, could withhold a tribute of applause from the splendid craft which are now scouring the Atlantic and Pacific, uder the stars and stripes. Steam, with all ite advantages, has never achieved so astounding a victory over space as those of the Sovereign of the Seas and the Flying Cloud. The latter has been frequently the subject of eomment in these columns; and it will suffice to say that the Flying Clond ran from New York to San Francisco in 89 days 21 houre—her greatest speed being-433 1-2 statute miles in 24hours, 19 minutes 4 seconds. The Sovereign of the Seas has made a run scarcely as wonderful: eighty- two days from the Sandwich Islands to New York, is in itself an astounding feat; but when to this is added the fact that she actually ran 6,246 miles in 22 days, during 11 of which she averaged 354, and during four consecutive days 3983 miles, her performance stands unri. valled in the annals of navigation. In the espace of 23 hours 25 minutes 4 seconds she ran 419 statute miles, being a fraction of a mile more than the distance run by the Flying Cloud during the same time. At this rate of speed, if we can suppose that no continents inter- vened, the Sovereign of the Seas would _have made the entire circuit of the globe in con- siderably less than 60 days. Two important propositions flow from these facts. First, whatever merit—and we have not been prone to understate it—belongs to our steam vessels, our clipper ships are still the most wonderful of our nautical achievements. Steam is undoubtedly destined to absorb even more of the commerce and traffic of the world than it now possesses ; but up to the present time steam has done nothing to compare with the surprising feate of our crack clippers, com- manded by experienced men, and sailed on scientific principles, Neither the builder nor the captain ean claim the whole glory of the Sovereign's triumph, Both gomributed # fair share : if that of either preponderates, it is pro- bably that of the latter, whose thorough ac- quaintance with the southern trade winds were the prime cause of the 22 days run. Secondly, it must be a matter of sincere satisfaction to every American to know that both in sailing and in steam vessels we have surpassed the whole world. Records of un- questionable authenticity now establish our unrivalled pre-eminence. * Allowing, as we do, a very high degree of merit both to the Cunard steamers and the Aberdeen clippers, it is with feelings of exultation that we once more place on record the fact of their defeat and our vic- tory. We are not so ignorant of John Bull’s national pride as to suppose that he will ac- knowledge that he is beaten ; and we are quite prepared to receive notice of heavy bets on the issue of some future contest. Of our success in that as well as in our past encounters we are quite confident. And though nothing is farther from our hopes and wishes than an interruption of our friendly relations with sulky John, we are quite convinced that if such a calamity were to take place our clipper ships would do yeoman service. and the foe would require at least a Nelson to help him out of the diffieulty. TuurLow WeEp aNd Freperick DovGrass.— The Albany Evening Journal publishes in ex- tenso the great anti-slavery speech lately de. livered in this city by Frederick Douglass, and speaks of it as a very extraordinary, powerful, and eloquent production. But the black Doug- Tass is a littte too fierce on the slavery ques tion, even for the Journal. The venerable Mr Weed agrees with Fred. that Liberia, away out there in Africa, among the wild negro barba- rians of the slave coast, is rather too savage a place for those more fortunate descendants 0° Ham who have enjoyed the comparative bless ings of slavery in our Southern States; but Master Weed is willing to make a compromise. He thinks the islands of the Carribbean sea, which include Hayti, would be excellent places for the establishment of colonies of our free colored people. We should like to know, how- ever, whether Douglass would rather be a sub- Ject of the black Emperor Soulouque than the slavé {gain of his former master in Maryland: What says Douglass concerning the Carribbe- an islands and the Caribs? Youre America iN Lonpoy.—It is now con- fidently reported by our Washington corres- pondents that George Sanders will get the London Consulate, notwithstanding that the Premier is supposed to be dead against him andall his tribe. It is further intimated, through private advices, to every body, that, once es- tablished in London, Sanders will revive there the Democratic Review in the full pqnoply of Young America; and, carrying the war of pro- gress into the enemy’s camp, and vindicating the cause of Kossuth, Mazzini, Lopez and Cara- vajal, in the teeth of the despots of Europe, will make even Louis Napoleon tremble on the throne of his uncle. In view of this great en- terprise for the propagation of the true faith, we should say, by all means give Sanders his passport to London. Let him show to John Bull the living definition of ‘manifest destiny.” That Review is a great idea. More Gotp—Ho! ror Texas.—The reports of the discoveries of gold among the hills and gulches of the Upper Colorado river in Texas, and its tributaries, seem to be in a fair way for the most satisfactory confirmation, But if the precious dust should be brought to light in that region in anything like the quality or quanti- ties of the placers of California, what a mighty revolution it will work out within the next twelve months for the State of Texas. But let us wait a little. During the last year or two we have had various extraordinary discoveries of gold in Canada, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, and numerous other places, but the mines appear to have dried up very suddenly. Perhaps these mines of Texas are of the same, Wait a little longer. } Iurortant rv TRvE.—It is rumored that Henry R. Jackson, of Georgia, cousin of Governor Cobb, is to have a full mission. That’s some comfort to the Governor, if the rumor be true. But why can’t something of the same sort be done for Governor Foote? Is he, the right hand man of Henry Clay and General Cass, is he to have nothing? And Clemens of Alabama, too, can’t something be done for Clemens? Who saved the Union? Let not that question be forgotten. Talk on ’Change. The news received by the Atlantic had no influence on cotton in this market. Its character disappeinted most dealers, as some had anticipated a decided improvement, in the Liverpool market. The sales on Saturday reached 1,000 bales, at about previous rates. Breadstuffs were rather more difficult to sell at former prices. Pork was also some easier. Sugars were tolerably active, at steady prices. The proposed bill before the British Parliament for the reduction of custom duties, was received on Saturday morn- ing in detail. The previous synopsis (or extracts) pub- lished by the papers, omitted many articles, and espe- dally tobacco. It now seems that no proposition was made to interfere with the duties on leaf tobacco, but a very material reduction had been inserted in favor of the manufacturedarticle, The clause readsithus:—'Tobacco, manufactured, not being segars, viz. : Cavendish, negro- head and twist, per Ib., 38. 6d.”, about, 84c. perlb, The previous duty was 9s. per lb., or about $216per 1b. This duty, by the schedule, was to be retained on all other kinds enumerated, including. segars. It appear- ed that Mesers. Lundy Yoote & Co., celebrated snuff manufacturers, had protested against the reduction of duty from 9s. to 3a, 6d. It would seem, however, that 84c, per Ib. duty, ought to be, ina measure, prohibitory on manufactured tobacco, which only cost in the United States some 19c. a 25¢. per Ib. The excise taxes embraced in this new financial bil! were fixed at about £5 5s. on every 20,000 Ibs. of the raw article, or at about $2501 for each 20,000 Ibs. consumed, which reduction fully corresponded with the reduction in the eustom duties. The 20,000 Ibs, would be equal to about 20 hhds.; hence, the excise would only amount to about $1 25 per bhd. So, that while Messrs. Lundy Foote & Co. were pro- tected on their manufactuses of tobacco to the extent of ‘S4c. per Ib.,Jand in other cases, such as on segars, &c., to the extent of $2 16¢. per Ib., it could not be perceived bow other apprehensions of ruin were likely to be realized by such a measure. It should be the duty of our Minister to urge greater concessions throughout, as far as tobaceo is eoncermed; and, if vested interests were likely to suffer, the duties, like those on tea, could be made to come off annuaHy, or biennially, until the lowest fixed duties should be reached. There was some talk on Change among ship owners and merchants regarding the banter of the Sovereign of the Seas. A movement was said to be on foot that would lead to her offer being accepted, if not for the whole amount of the wager, yet for a very liberal sum. To bet one hundred thousand dollars on the result, would be like betting one ship against the other. But the Sovereign would likely be soon tendered # bet of $10,000 to $20,000 a side on the proposed race. A gentleman present remark- ed that, as the Americans could not succeed in getting a clipper race out of John Bull, they were about to try their hands with each other. Merchants complained very strongly of the practice which prevailed in Water, Front, and South streets, of carmen backing theit drays upon the sidewalks, to load or upload at store doors, which rendered the sidewalks al- mort impasrable, It was urged that the corporation shod interfere to remedy the oyll, Arrival of the Sardinian Frigate, THE SARDINIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TUB CRYSTAL PALACE—ARRIVAL OF ITALIAN EXILES, BTC, ‘The frigate San Giovanni, a beautiful specimen of Ttalian naval architecture, arrived in- our bay on Saturday night, after forty-four days of = prospe- rous and pleasant voyage. The San Giovanni left the navy yard of Genoa on the 26th of March, for Villafrance, and left that port on the 30th for New York, and on the 10th inst., had already doubled Cape Hatteras, on the coast of North Carolina. This beauti- ful frigate is only four years old, is of a very strong con- struction, being destined as a school for young artillery- men and for voyages of exploration to the North Arctic. She carries twenty-four heavy guns anda crew of two hundred and seventy-eight persons. The marines wear & beautiful uniform; the sailors are all young men, and the officers are true specimens of handsome Italians. The San Giovanni is commanded by Captain Incisa, a gentleman of the greatest affability and intelligence. He is @ native of Piedmont, and has served for twenty-two years in the Sardinian navy. He is a sailor of great maritime experience, has undertaken long voyages to the Pacific ocean, and during the war between Sardinia and Austria, in 1848, served in the Adriatic, on board the frigate Eurydice. It must be remembered that the San Giovanni is the first vessel of war that has ever beeninany port of the United States waving the beautiful Italian tri- colored flag—red, white and green, with the eross of Savoy in the middle—which is the emblem of the worthy and Mberal King of Sardinia, Victorio Emanuele. The arrival of this vessel has a double mission, viz., to be present at the opening of the Crystal Palace, and to bring to our shores eighty-four Italian exiles, who were connected with the last movements of Mazzini in Lombardy. Captain Incisa speaks in the highest manner of these Italian refugees, as they eonducted themselves inthe most orderly manner, and all of them appear to be industrious persons. They have been treated not as transported felons, or as prisoners, but as passengers on board steamers; many had their private cabins, and the three ladies on board received the greatest attention. Except a few who are wealthy, and others of a civil con- dition, the rest are all of the industrial classes, and there are not less than twenty-two tailors among the number, Our reporter is indebted fer the following list of pas sengers, and for other information, to the kindness of the commander and his purser. NAMES OF THE PASSENGERS. L, Batti, 8. Solera, with Indy,G. Roea, _ A. Destefani. ' ‘anda girl, G. Borghi _ cB A Senne, J, Pistaileri, N, Pironi, J. Conti, P, Venanzi, A. Gofini, G. Gorla, C. Moroni, C. Lombardi, A. Mainini, D. Nuss,’ § L. Locatelli & lady,A. Brari, A; Campolunge, E.Panoncelli, 'G.Ferdinandi, —G. Casat/ M. Bednowsky, A. Valli, 8: Moretti, F. Vitalini, G. Antonay, E. Pistoletti, G. Howart, C. Buzzi, with lady,B. Bianchi, A. Dell’ Usmo, —_—F. Banchetti, G. Cantone, C: Petrignani, G. Buzz B, Marchioni, F, Golombo, F. Pallavicini, G. Urban, A. Zanelli G. Lasei, L. Clens, ‘A. Bianchini, 8. Gazzera, G. Maj, 5 A. Grippi, G. Marino, % M. Moretti, F. Urgos, P. R. Oggioni, B. Geross, a A. Paris, G. Bossi, G: Sartorelli, G. Gobetti, . L. Armellini, G. Rossato, 5 . Muzzi, C, Majocchi, 5 G. Pietra, L: Viola, \. L. Albanesi, A. Torti,* L. Gaburri, P. Andreotti, Count G. Salvi. G. Perletti, ‘The sloop of war Aquila was destined for this voyage, but was afterwards ordered to the Plata, to protect the subjects of Sardinia, who are very mumerous in that region, Itis necessary to state that the small but flourishing kingdom of Sardinia is the only country in Europe that has, after the revolutions of 1848, and the triumph of despotism, maintained its constitution, liberty of the press, and its independence. From information received by our representative in Turin, we learn that in Pied- mont there are not less than fifty thousand political exiles from all parts of Italy and Europe. But Sardinia being second-rate nation, surrounded by Austria and other powers ready to crush her freedom, she could not become the seat of Mazzini’s conspiracies, nor allow any person to violate international laws and the treaties be- tween one government and saother. To protect many thousand exiles from Lombardy against the buccaneer robbery of Austria, this government, to justify its con- duct, and to deserve the friendly intervention of Eng- land, France, and perhaps the United States, was com- pelled to transport to our shores these eighty-four exiles. ‘The Piedmontese ministry finding that to be justified before those governments whose intervention against the arbitrary depredations @f Austria had been asked and granted; finding that neither England, nor Franee, and even some of the republics of South America, would not receive these proscribed men, and being certain that our government and people would offer them a generous and free shelter, dispatched them to New York, not only pro- viding them with a free passage, but also pecuniary re- muneration on their arrival, in order that they should not land in a foreign country without means, being totaly unacquainted with our language, as they would beat first. Captain Incisa was duly instructed by his government to pay to each one of these exiles on their arrival in New York the sum of twelve dcllarseach. Moreovers those passengers who during the voyage had accepted the vic- tuals of the crew, should be rewarded with money for their economy, and to many of them who were totally desti- tute, the Sardinian government has furnished clothes and other necessaries of life. But notwithstanding these generous gifts, it should be remembered that these small means will last only for a few days; that many among them belonged to the highest families in Italy; that they have sacrificed all their fortune to the sacred cause of freedom, and deserve our sympathies and welcome. As our citizens have been so generous in giving material aid to Kossuth for the purchase of saddles and old mus- kets, we hope that they will not overlook these unfortu- nate victims of Austrian despotism, and procure them some employment, in order that they may not suffer in this free land for want of assistance. ‘The officers of the San Giovanni were quite dieappointed that our World’s Fair was not yet opened. The vessel will remain inour harbor not less than a month, and the captain will not admit any visiters before having done the repairs to his beautiful and fast sailing vessel. that our city will offer a generous reception to these t officers, and treat them with the same urba- nity that our naval officers are received in all the ports of the kingdom of Sardinia, The Crystal Palace. THE ENGLISH COMMISSION TO THE NEW YORK EX- HIBITION. ‘The Commissioners of the New York Exhibition for the Industry of all Nations, and the country at large, cannot Dut feel extremely complimented by the practical sym- pathy and interest manifested in the enterprise by the government of Great Britain. Indeed, it is stated in one of the London papers, not, however, in @ tone of fault- finding, that the British government has evinced a greater alacrity in patronizing, and has done far more, as a body politic, for the New York Exhibition, than it had done in support of the famous Crystal Palace of Hyde Park. ‘The governmental departments of the Ordnance, Admi- ralty, Mint, and Board of Trade, will be contributors, as will also the Fast India Company. Her Majesty’s govern- ment has also appointed, as a body of commissioners, to attend and report on our Exhibition, the Earl of Elles- mere, Sir Charles Lyell, Mr. Wentworth Dilke, Professor G, Wilson, Mr. Whitworth’and Mr. Wallis. The Earl is to be accompanied by the Countess Ellesmere, his daughters, the ladies Fgerton, and one of his sons. The Earl was elevated to his present dignity in the year 1846, having been formerly Lord Francis Egerton. His second title is that of Viscount Brackly. He iss Privy Couneillor, and ® Deputy Lieutenant of Sutherlandshire ; he has served in the House of Commons, been one of the Lords of the Treasury, Chief Secretary for Ireland, and Secretary at War. And besides all his titles, he is extremely wealthy. He is a man of high literary attainments, and of the most liberal ideas, and will, doubtless, receive all the attention in this city, to which his distinguished character entitle him. Sir Charles Lyell has earned distinction and his knightly title, by bis atteinments im the physical sciences, and particularly in the departmeut of geo- logy. This will be by no means his first visit to this country, having been here on two former gc- casions, in 1841 and 1845, when he made scientific inves- tigations of the geology of the States, the result of which he gave to the world ina publication entitled ‘ Travels in North Ameriea.”’ Sir Charles is Scotchman by birth, ‘and is now in the fifty-sixth year of bis age, He studied for, and was admitted to the bar, but he showed more in. clination for the natural sciences than for forensic studies; and while yet at college, devoted himself assiduously to the study of entomology, botany, and more especially geology, to which subsequently he devoted most of his attention. In 1832 he commenced his lectures on geology at King’s College, and in 1836 was elected President of the London Geological Society. His chief seientific works are «Principles of Geology,’ and ‘Elements of Geology.” A more suitable personage could hardly have been selected in the British dominions, as a Commissioner to such an exhibition than fir Charles Lyell, who will share with Lord Ellermere in the polite attention, regard, and honpi- tality of this community. ‘The third Commissioner, Charles Wensworth Dikke, ie th sen of Mr. Dilke, who was for many years the editor, and is, we understand, the proprieter of the London Athe- Naum, a scientitic and literary publication of the greatest, merit. Mr. Dilke was one of the earliest and most effi- cient co-operators in the Hyde Park undertaking, and acted as a chief member of the executive committee, Of the other three members of the Commission, our in- formation is limited to the following notice given of then in the London Times:— is faverably known to the public high he kas to scientific agri- be anticipated that at New York he for much useful information to his Professor Wilson from the attention w! culture, and it ma; will find the mat ledge. Thea tment of Mr. Wallis also is a very judi- cious one. was one of the most valuable and active officers employed at Hyde Park, in 1851, and t alto- gether from his acquirements as a teaeher of the first principles of practical art, he has a rare and extensive acquaintance with the merits of textile fabrics in every braneh of their manufacture Perhaps, however, for the material interests of this country, so ar as they are like- ly to be affected by the New York bition, the most: valuable member of the new commission is ‘Mr. Whit- worth, the leading maker in this country of what are called Manchester tools. Mr. Whitworth is the very best man that could be selected to concentrate into @ report the mechanical results of the New York exhibition; and, ingenious and inventive as the Americans undoubtedly are, we need not be ashamed to send over to them, asa reporter, the mechanic who can by the. unaided exercise of his craft, measure the millionth part of an inch. eho The English government has commissioned the Leander, frigate, and the Basilisk, steam sloop, to bringthe above named gentlemen to this port. We preeume they will come in the steamer, and that the frigate will convey the British contributions to the exhibition. The Basilisk ia commanded by a brother of the Earl of Ellesmere, the Hon. F, Egerton. The following is a list of her subaltern offi- cers:— Lieut., Hugh M. Elliot. Mates, William A. Smith, “Edw. B. Hopkins, «EB. H. Pas Master, William Jeffery. «Wm. W. 8. Bridges. Surgeon, Arch. J. Little. Assistant. Surgeon, Danie? Paymaster, Jas. ¥. Phillips. W. Stephens, MD. Chief Eng’r, Francia Pearce. Clerk, Wm. H. Ozzard. The Leander isa fifty gua frigate, commanded by Capt. George St. Y. King, The following is a list of her officers -— J Lieut. Chas. H. May, Poymaater, Robt. Wilson, “"" Fred. W. Gough, —_-N, Instructor, M. B.Sambell,, “8. 8 Shipartt, Mate, James Hardy, Yim. G: Jones, nie, Glaraee Johnson, Ho OG Camy jst. Surgeon, @unn, Master, Thos. J. Whillier, “6 F, W. Brake, Capt. of Marines, N. Moore, Q’master, Henry 8. Ley, First Lieut., R.P. Henry, | Cleri, W. Warburten, ‘G. W. Bell “ See Oey, “ Be pee: ¢ The Basilisk is a paddle wheel steam sloop, of 400 horse power. She carries six guns, end has been recently sery- ing with the North America and West India squadron. The Departure of the Pacitic, AMERICAN VISITORS ABROAD—YOUNG AMERICA AND. THE ADVOCATES OF THE NEW YORK AND PHILA~ DELPHIA BRANCH MINTS, EN ROUTE FOR EUROFE- The Collins’ steamship Pacific, Captain Ezra Nye, took her departure for Liverpool on Saturday noon last, earry- ing nearly two hundred cabin passengers, a list of whose names we published yesterday, Among the passengers are the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, alias Young America; the Hon. George Briggs, the advocate of a Branch Mint in New York; the Hon. Joseph R. Chandler, his opponent, who was accompanied by his lady; and Miss Delia S. Bacon, the historical lecturer, who goes to Europe for the collection of historieal infor- mation. The pier was lined with carriages, and a crowd of at least a thousand persons assembled to witness the departure of the noble vessel. At 12 o’elock precisely she moved out into the river, amid the booming of cannon and the hearty God speed of the crowd, among which were many who had friends and relatives on board, and whose tearful eyes bore evidence to the pain they felt at the separation, As she passed by Jersey City, on her way down the bay, she was greeted with a salute from one o' the Cunard steamers, which was promptly answered. Soon she was lost to view, but still s few lingered behind, after the crowd dispersed, as if unwilling to leave the: spot where they had parted from their friends, Alarge number of the friends of Judge Douglas were with him on board the Pacific to bid him a hearty fare- well, a pleasant voyage, and a safe return. Senator Douglas, who is the embodiment and repre- sentative of the principles of Young America, intends to spend five or six months in studying the different forms of governments in Europe, the condition of the people, and other important subjects connected with the great science of political economy. The Judge goes out entirely on his own account, and will travel elone, as he desires to devote ail his time to investigation and obser- vation, for which he will find an ample field in Europe. He is, however, furnished with letters of introduction to prominent persons in Engiand, France, Italy, Germany, and other countries which it is his intention to visit be- fore bis return. On his arrival at Liverpool he will pro- ceed immediately to London, where he will spend a few weeks, before his departure for the continent. As our traveller is not troubled with any predilections for Eog- lish laws and institutions, be will find ia the great capi- tal much to confirm his prezudices, which others, differ- ently disposed, would be inclined to pass over with for- beararce. We do not suppose, however, that the Judge is too strict a democrat to refuse an introduction to a few of the aristocracy, and we have too good an opinion of him to think that his political faith would be in any way injured by association with them. Young Ame- riea bas every confidence in his integrity to his princi- ples to suppose that he could be influenced by the glitter of a star, or the sound of an empty title—so he may hob knob with the Premier, and engage in those little ame- nities which relieve life of much of its tedium and mono- tony, with the aristocracy, without any apprehen- sions regarding his future prospects for the Presidency. But what about Canada’ What will the Judge say, when the nobility accuse him of attempting to appropri- ate that portion of her Majesty’s dominions? Why, he will, of course, be as sincere an annexationist there as he has been here, and, after all, his previous policy on thix subject, and the determined stand he has taken upon it, will only serve to render him more conspicuous among the American notabilities now in Europe, The English will regard with astonishment, the man who could not only propose such a gigantic measure, but who also persevered in advocating it with a tenacity that equals if it does not. surpaes theirown. So the Little Giant will be ‘the ob- served of all observers,’’ and the lion of the day. It would be well for him to look in at Zxeter Hall,in his rambles through the metropolis, and take particular netice of the doings of the strange class of professed philanthropists and ne- grophiloists, and fanatics, who hold their meetings there- in. There ismuch besides, that the Judge will find wor- thy of observation, but above all, we would recommend him to devote his special attention to the conditon of the industrial classes, tor no where will he have a better op- portunity for doing so thaa in London. From England, the representative of Young America will pass over to France, where he expects to arrive im time for the coronation of the Emperor, Napoleon III., and the Empress, Eugenie I. This will be a magnificent spec- tacle, and will attract a motley assemblage of our coun- trymen to the great centre of the fashionable world. Free soilers, Young Americans, abolionists, whige—silver grays, and woolly heads; democrats—hunkers and barn- burners; representatives of all parties, forgetting their dif- ferences; will here mingle in friendly association. Hav- ing witnessed the coronation, our traveller will proeeed to Naples and Sicily, thence to the States of the Church, Piedmont Lombardy, and the other Northern Provinees of Italy, now desolated by Austrian rule, making notes on the way. We are rather inclined to think he will not visit Spaim or Hungary, for if found in either of those countries with a copy af any speech ke has delivered anywhere within the last three or four years, he might be arrested as a suspicious person, or be directly charged of collusion with the Cuban junto, and the revolutionary projects a Kossuth and Mazzi: Magnificent Clipper Race. NEW YORK AGAINST BOSTON—OCHALLENGE FOR TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS BETWEEN THE CLIPPER SHIPS YOUNG AMERICA, OF NEW YORK, AND THE SOVE~ REIGN OF TRE SEAS, OF BOSTON. It will be seen by the following letters, that Mr. Wm. H. Webb, the eminent New York ship builder, has taken up the gauntlet for New York, by accepting the challenge lately made by the owners or fciends of the Sovereign of the Seas, to baek her against any ship afloat. The Young America is a new vessel, yet untried, and Mr. Webb must have great confidence in the ailing qualities in this, his last production, to back her against so well fproved am antagonist as the Sovereign of the Sens. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR N. Y. HERALD, No. 8 Soura WriuaM Steger, May 14, 1858. Daar Eir—A challenge having been made in the Evening Post, of Thursday last, by the owners of the ship Sove- reign of the Seas, I beg to enclose an acceptaace of the same for $10,000, by William H. Webb, Esq., the builder of the sbip Young America. Very respectfully yours, GEORGE DAFIELS, Owner of ship Young America. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK HERALD. Naw York, May 14, 1853, Deak Sin—My attention having Won called to am article sp the Bening Post, of Thusviay last, bended The clipper