The New York Herald Newspaper, May 11, 1853, Page 7

THE NEW MEXICAN QUESTION, Interesting Lecture ef J. R. Bartlett, Esq., Before the Geographical Society, on the Boundary Line, &c. ) The Geographical and Historical Socisties of this city have now taken » high rank. In no part of the world have so many important and valuable papers beon read, as Before these institutions during the past season. The paper read at the May mesting of the Geographical Society was on the ‘‘ Mexican Boundary and the adjacent country,” by John R. Bartlett, Hsq., the late Commis. sioner. MB. BARTLETT'S LECTURE. Taving been invited to read a paper before the Geo- graphics! Society of Now York, explanatory of the Mexi- can boundary, and of the region contiguous to that boun. dary, 1 beg leave to present the following statement:— Thad the houor of being appointed Commissioner on the part of the United States, under the fifth article of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidsigo, in June, 1850. This ar- ticle requires that 4 Commissioner and a Surveyor shall be appointed by each government for the purpose of run- ning and warking the line of boundary separating the United States from the republic of Mexico. My instructions from the Secretary of the Interior xe- ferrivg to the boundary to be surveyed, were a repetition of the words embraced in the fifth artige of the treaty, and are as follows :— ‘Art, 5, The boundary ling hetween the two ropublies shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leaguos from nnd, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called the Ko Bravo del Norte, or opposite tho mouth of its deopest Branch. if it should ‘use ‘more than one branch exptyin directly into the sea; from thence up the middle of tha Fiver, following the decpest channel, where it hus more than Sno, to the point where {t strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico; thence westwardly along the whole southern, boundary of ‘New Mexico (whieh runs worth of the town 1 Paso) to ite western termination; thence northward of New Mexicountil it intersec' G or if it should not inter: ir, to the point on the said line ch, and thence in 8 direct line to the thence down the middle of the said branch, and of the until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence seross the Rio Colorado, following tue division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacitc Ocean, In continuation, the Secretary says:— This portion of the line ean only be ascertained b; nations and surveys pron the ground. You will, receive important aid in the de! the western lit express): “the southern and west- 8 of New Mexico mentiored in this article are those Jaid down on the map of the United Mexican States, liehed at New York, in 147, by J. Disturnell, Ftifiod copy of which was appevded to the treaty. You sre fur- nished with a certified copy of this map. In conformity with my instructions, I procceded to El Paso del Norte, a point on the Rio Grande, at which place the joint commission bad agreed to meot on the Grst Wednesday in November, 1850, for the purpose of rosum- ing the survey (which had been commenced in California) atthe point where the Rio Grande strikes the southera ‘boundary of New Mexico.”” To ascertain this point, then, was the firat labor to eo performed. A glance at the map to witich the cominis- sicners were confined, shows the southern boundary of New Mexico, where it strikes the Rio Grande, to be avout one-third of @ degree north of the thirty-secoud parallel. It also appears to be seven or eight miles north of the town of bi Paso, as that town is aid dows onthe map, but a difticulty cecurred at the vory outset, and before this point was fixed, in consequence of two errors in the map. the first of these errora was the posltion of El Paso, which is there laid down in 32 deg. 16 min., north lati- tuce, while its true position on the ground is in 81 deg. 45 win., showing a difference of about 80 miles, or bulf a degree.’ ‘This, it is true, did not affect or alter the posi. tion of the southern boun of New Mexico, or the mode of determining it, It merely placed that town fur- ther from the line it appeared to be by the map. ‘The necond error was in the position of the Rio Grande, which is about two degrees of longitude too far Kast. There were other errors in the map, but none involving difficulties to prevent an agrecment as to the demarca- tion of the southern boundary of New Mexico, except those referred to. By a reference to the treaty map, it will be seen that by that the of that point heave beou mies sured according te ts distance from the town of El Pas, . . El Paso, being in latitude 81 deg. 45 min., if the dia- Py: ere a ‘tween that place and the bou ine uestion, and which bas before beea stated to be 7 ila, of latitude, or about eight mules, it will make the southern boundary of New Mexico where it strikes the Rio Grande, to be in 81 deg. 52 min. north latitude, or half a degree south of its porition on the treaty map. ‘There is nothing in the treaty which requires that we should measure the distance of the line from the town of El Paso. That place s merely meotioaed parentletically, and is referred to, to show that the line is to run north of it, If the line is, therefore, «ne mile, ten miles, or fifty miles to che north of it, the stipulations of the treaty are fulfilled, ‘The words in ® parentbeals, (which runs north of the town called Paso,) are not in the origival projet of the treaty seut by Mr. Seeetury Buchanan to Me. Trist, the American Commissioner who signed the treaty; but were inverted by the Mexicans in consequence of a subsequen: demand by Mr. Trist, which demand, if granted, would have lost El Paso to the State of Chihuahus, dismem- bered that State to a considerable extent, If it had been intended by the Commissioners who sign- the treaty of peace with Mexico that the southern boua- oy of New Mexico should ve measured from the town of El Paso, as my opponents pretead, and that its lati- tude should not be taken, why did they not so state it? They did so designate the initial point on the Paciie, They sey that this point sball be oue marine league south of the southernmost point of the bay of San Diego. Here then was no difficulty. Thera wae uo well defined boun- dary to refer to as inthat of the southern boun. Gury of New Mexico on the map, and the Commissioners therefore fixed one one marine league south of a well known geographical point, the bay of San Di ‘Could they not as easily have said that the Rio Grande strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico eight miles north of El Paso, if they had meant it should wo? By uot saying so it is clear that they intended it to be just where it ie on tbe map, above the $24 parallel aud not south of it, aa claimed by my opponents. Another aneon of my opponents is, that the paral- els of latitude and the meridian of lovgitude are wrong on ihe treaty wap. So extraordinary an argumont is too ridiculous to waste time in overturowiug, as they are the same on this rnp as on all others. These imaginary lines are first made, #4 you all know, in the construction of mapa, and the natural divisions and objects on the earth’s surface made consequent to those parallels and ania: Eee qpiir-eteond parallel is Jesored bs if a degree north, as is proposed by my opponents, all others must be removed the saune distance, until tho equator is reached, which of course, must also be brought half a degree towards the North Pole. Bat these are not all the revolutions that would ensue from the proposed remova of the parallels to sustain this strange. notion; for the les themaclves, being equally out of place in the genera isturbance must be moved half a degrow from their axes ou which they bave ¢o long rolled in quietne: is this remarkable alteration proposed in meridians, equetor and poles? that we may place the miserable little mud ouilt town of Ul Paso in ity right place, and secures ptriy of ter ritory to the broaddomain of the United states, the value of which is nat worth what the cost has been to survey it. At least, ite value at the time the initial point was agreed upon ‘ay not equal to there expen jut this is not all, for if ihe parallels and meridian: to be altered of is peopened every place on the earth’s surface will be just hulf a degree ont of its true position, A single fact is sufticient to show the correctness of the parallels on the treaty map. The $24 parallel, which Dasees near #t Paso intersects Savannah; and the latitude of that being determined, this parallel must be correct on the Rio Grands ga well as at that place. Having shown that the initial point ax fixed at 32 deg. 22min. is in accordance with the map and traaty;I shall now show that it is where Mr. Secretary Buchanan aod th American Commissioner, Mr. Trist, intended that it should be. While the epehy Nae under consideration in Mexico, it ‘waa suggested to Mr. Trist thet it would be well for him to demand a line of boundary farther South than the southern boundary of New Mexico which he had de- manded, in order to secure El Paso, and in consequence you are authorized to mos of which, he wrote to Mr. Buchanan to instruct him to that effect. ‘The Secretary of State, therefore, instructod him as fellows — [eory.} Deranrugsr or Srarz, Warbington, July 13, 1847. N.P. Trust, Erg. Bir'—Accoring to the ugsestion in your despatch No. 6, dily the boundary contained in Borthere boundary of Chibushus et the town: This was four years before Chihuahua adopted its ret a wagegaer too a ay dn fire 144 | aah ta mtd hed : aes quotation from a oo which appeared in some news- to the government, with Ay pte report mule | paper in October, i? frow fi cerrespondent in Twn- orer which it exerelsed fariediotion: and which liaits | Rensee. The writer evidently followed the trail made by are claimed in thesecond article of its revised rita tion. See force might it be insisted thet the territories and States, before they have themselves adosied a cons titu- mits over which they have limite arsigned by tae Uni ed states to the tien and made known the li: exercized jurisdiction, should be perpe!ual little account ia the dcoument on which Ne: reality, sustain m The province of Chi prohenced in right lin frum east to wost, as always possessed?” Ta 1824, when the de miles distant, and the only considerable ranche was at San Diego, seventy or seventy-five miles distaat. asthe boundary of Chiushua, tion, was near this San Di bee of the “jurisdiction o ccording to Its constitu aps of the country. '8 ‘Noticias Estadisticas del Estado de Chihua government, says the northern limit {x 32 degrees 50 mi- ficial report before referred to, the copper mines as with- in its jurisdiction But'a swall pamphlet deserves here to be noticed, and which I would respectfully recommend to the caref:!l pe- rusal of Governor Lave, of New Mexico. sicion sucinta yrencilla de la provinetz del Nueva Mex ico ‘hecha por su deputado en Contes Dou Pedro Buptista, Pi no, con arreglo sus uhrucciones: Cadi exposition of the province ty to the Cortes.” This pamphlet does not defiue the boundaries of New had no’ ackaowledyed boundary, but in one place where the deputy is recommending certain places tor the estab. lishment of ios, i ©. wilitary poxts, the frst is un en La Mesilia del Pueblo del Paso, that is, “oue in La Me silla in the town of Fi Paso.’’ Here is an acknowledg in Chihushua. A more familiar knowledge of the official documents, books and maps of a couutry by its public oiticera, would greatly facilitate the despatch of public business, ant night sometimes save the trouble of issuing fuimiasting proclamations ond embarrassing the goyerament, Such, gentlemen, is a correst history and present tate of the Mexican boun uestion. WhatIbave stated are facts from published official documents, or from au thorized maps. 1 was not directed to enter iota any new arrangements as tothe boundary. My instructions re- ferred me to the Sth article of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and Disturnell’s map of 1847. which wore deemed sufficient to enable me to carry out the wishes of the gevernment. The instructions to my predecessors, from the Hon. James Buchanan, were similar to mine, with the exception that this illustrious statesman, in his in- structions to the Hon. J. B. Weller, says, that in the dis- charge of his ‘important duties, the Presidest is confi- =I With this elucidation, gestlemen, I leave it for you to judge whether I have ‘obeyed my instructions and have established the boundary ia question, according to the stipulations in the treaty, and the particular map to which I was confined, Ishall close my remarks with a few words on the geo- ts adaptation for the purposes of a railroad, at 32 degreos 22 minates running longitude, deprives the United States of the most practi- cable route for a railroad to the Pacific, aud the ene upon which a railrcad can be constructed at the least expense, Such I shall rhow is not the case, The 6th article of the Trew'y of Guedalupe Hidalgo, says:— ir, by the examinations which may be made, ib should be ascertained to be practicable and advantageous to construct F ‘ailway, which should in whole or iu part, Tun upon the river Gila, or upon ita right cr its left. bani within the space of one placing the Rio Grande in its true position it limits the tructious, 60 aato make it read, ‘up the midal Southern boundary of New Mexico to one degree instead | ie Rio Grande to tho S2d dogtee. of north laticuds; thence, of three degrees, as shown on the correct map. The | due wost to a point due south of the soutl of treaty seys that the line running West from the point western to New Mexico, thenoe due north to said angle; thence Tocth: where the Rio Grande strikes the southern boundary of ie ee Wesnet line of Mew Mexia,” So. Thisio4- New Mexico, extends ‘‘westwardly along the whole limits ct tho ‘Unieed. Stctes, ts deomed impsraatiet Bouthern boundary of New flexion, (which runs north of | you arenct to consider it at n sine qua non, not suffer It to calied I mination’ Theex- conclusion of a . Feed tn daguene cr MISC ReHT ST aLa ET CETe Neen neiy | a Teen RReqEaG BML: tel ices: rxpos hak Sltarsttfa was contended by the Mexican Oomulesloner, that the | 20H Kttute, from the file Geaade te he midsie of the error in the position of the river should not change the | Brat Valifornia, and thence down the middle of the Guif boundary. That the longitude of the Western termiaa- | to the Pacific Ocean; or, if this canuot be obtal ed, to run tion of the southern boundary of New Mexico where it is | it due from the southwert aaglo of New Mexico to the placed on the treaty map, should be determined by astro- nomical cbservation, the invariable method in esses where no nataral object, such as a tewn, a mountain, or river, fa pointed out a He insisted that as the United States possessed the two degrees on the eastern side of the Mio Grande and one on the western, it had ail that the Laat I would have agreed to fix the western lim it of this line Dy astronomical obrervati had I not discovered the er- oneous position of the Kio Grande, to have done which ‘would bave given New ico but one instead of three of longitude for its southern bounda: | the initial ry. then demanded three degrees. west fron, int op the Kio Grande for the southern boundary ef Kew Mexico, believing that the worde of the treat; authorised me so to do; as it says the line shall exter mestyartly, long the whole southorn boundary of New Genszel Conde, the Mexican Commissioner, objected to this, on the ground thaf an extension of the line three from the actual position of the river. wonld be to Gisember the State of Sonora to the extent of two degreas in Jen; by some twenty-five or thirty miles in breadth, extending south of the river Gila, which neither that State nor the general government would consent to. The error in the position of the town of El Pase was another obstacle, though not a serious ono, to a» settlement of the boi , for it never was my intention to measure the distauce from the town to the southern bozndary of New Mexico. I was disappointed in finding that the town wns not nearer to the line than it Speperec, to be by the map, although the result neither lessened mor extended Ge lie | ‘The map to which the Commissioners were obliged atrietly to adbere, showed plainly its position, and there was n> | reason for remoting this boundary because El Paso was | ‘wrongly placed on it. There is no evidence that the line ‘was consequent to the town; and because one grogs error gxisted in the map, I should have done wrong to perpe- ‘trate another. After much discussion by the two Commission», it was | should not be able to agree upon the tre ints in question, viz: the initial point on the Rio Brando where the southern boundary of New Mexico strikes it, and the extent of that boundary westward; and Iso informed the Secretary of the Interior, But General | Conde fas as anxious a6 I was for an amicable and speedy | agreement, that we might commence the important work | entrasted to us; and he finally consented to my demand to proiong the southern boendary of New Mexico three de, westfrom the Rio Grande, instead of limiting ft ‘at the longitude where it is laid d outhe map. At the same time I consented that the point ‘ where the Rio Grande strikes the marrige ig of New Mexico should be determined iy ude, In accorcanee ae understanding, @ resolution da all jogroes of north latitade. $ Hy eetisc onanet Ye found s scale of minutes of lon- middle our limits the whole course of the be Mr. Buchanan’s reason, as he states, for asking this ification wae, to eecure both bauks of the river Gila for the purpose of constructing a railrovd, believing it to be practicable along that stream. He continues: ‘You are therefore instructed vo make the first, or if this cannot be obtained, the second modijication above sug- ot still with the understanding that neither of these two changes is to be considered as a sine qua non, nor is it to delay the conclusion of a treaty.” The above extract shows most clearly, that both Mr Buchanan and Mr. Trist understood the southern boun- gested in the line; dary, were to recede to the Certainly he did not intend Mexico was unwilling to give us a0 far as the thirty- second parallel, ho must then demand more, as a refusal to cbtain that, weuld suthorize us to take more, In his letter of the 19th July, to cbapan parallel Fa ir. where the southern boundary of Rio Grande. before him, and the seale of the rom the initial peiot on river might be, and whether tes yo upon the State of Sonors or not. 70d. Septal cat " cal he Guif. Either of th ry of New Mexico to be north of the thirty-recond Jel; and that, failing to obtain this iO Mr, Triat, Mr. of New Mexico is situated ”” Buchanan did not forsee . rded this point, w Mr. Trist was upal Eitner would have dismembsred would inciude within mo- par- a8 .a boun- ee. to that boundary, instruct Mr. Trist that it Ba- again urges the importance of tha thirty-second north latitude for the boundary. and adda: “We cannot learn that the boundaries of New Mexico have ever been anthoritatirely and specifically determined; and difficulties might hereafter arise between the two goveraments in ascertaining where the south western difficulty in finding lew Mexico struck the It was plainly defined on the msp which lay ‘the simple application of the dividers to map would show it latitude, but that of the southwestern termination of that bo: yundar: difficult, which he forsaw. All di! ry was more fficulty, however, as ro- obvisted by the agreement’ of the joint commission to extend that line west three degrees the Rio Grande, wherever the ~- Mom encroached je to obtain either of the modifica- Mr. Buchanan; the reason for which both © States of Chibuahua and Sonora. Alluding to the ” The States of Sonora and Chibuabus, which adjoin thirty-second paraliel as a boundary, and the unwilling- ness of Mexico to concede It, he fa formis determination to insist upon thie . I had not advert- ed to the fact that it constituted an insuperable obstacle to the negotiation of the treaty. nomatter whut its terms might be in other Chey rth Aen eh the case, even if difference between ten ie 4 that comprehended in the boundary of the project ehould be ever so inconsiderable, It mattered not whether it was ten miles or ten feet ia width, the effect would be all the same, to roader a treaty impracti- the which that Une would Now rn tegritories have, without any defined |iaits. Paicrigivba deine becsine States they severally int Commission on the 20th Decem- lermnly protested against the trauster of @ Tot Ties She chief wttoowere otha tro com. Mieantartnae tleyand tease Ais eng e- seeat Whipple, on ths On tne art ceed iatsent> | with the Meican gevernme cone which iv was absc- poser Dal ate ‘medeure from tho 234 lel, | Tutely impossible tat it should depart from, &c., &e. ad report whee, the’ Rio Grande struck the southern It 1s, therefore, clear, that the agreement between the Poundary of New Mexico. The following is their report: | two nationa, through thelr commissioners, was, that we ‘ should have New Mexico, whose southern limit was north In sccordanse with the resolutions, passed on, the Man | of the parallel of 92 deg. north lntitade, but that the fart, st an odelsl meoting of the United States ond Moxics® | Qtatea of Sonors and Chinualiue, which were contiguous, met for the purposes ticreln indicated. | should not be dismembered eyen'to the extent of « sing ‘With a certited copy of the tronty map b n, we veo | food eveded to make @ scale of minutes of latitnde, by divid: | Until the adoption of the constitution by the republic fog into 120 equal parts, the length of that portion of ® | o¢ wexico, in 1824, its northern provinces, fueluding New meridian laid down upon the map between the parallels of | Mexico, (hashus, Texsé, Sonors, &o., existed s+ our | | gitude for that degree of latitude which passes through points of the southern boundary of Now Moxico, as indicated upon the samo map. ‘Then measuring from the poimt where the 10 Gi the southern boundary of | Paying i to ou te fativude, we Reh evual to 22 minutes of aro, This reduced tl t] Porad the leng ‘tablon is equal to 40,05) metree—25% English mifles 21-02 goorraphical miles. Finally, taking ¢he distance feom the point aforosa’ thie extreme western limit of tho southern boundary o! Meaieo, and applying this distance to our sate of arc in latitude, we found it to be three degr Shin Iatitudo, according to Francoure tables, 292),2 metros 175,23 English milee—152.14 goographical miles. fore, according to this determination, the point whee ees tite at the Rio Grande strikes the soutuorn | Boundary of Now Mexico, 1622 minutes of aro north ralle! of latitude marked 32 be int thence, the sou if co extends three degrees to its wes pation a Glance.) Lisat, U. 8. Topographical Raginsers, eae BOS SALAZAR. © YLAVVuGUI. Paso vzu Noxre, December 23, 1850. ‘The initial point on the Rio Grande, at 32 deg. 22 min, north latitude, and the extent of the southern boundary ‘of New Mexico from that point baviog deem designated | ‘and measured on the treaty map, in conformity with the | stipulations of the treaty, by the actconomers of tho two | commissions, they were next directed to determine the | point referred to on the earth’s surface, by astronomieal | observation. Lieut. Whipple, the United States astronomer, with hia party, then commenced work ou the Uvited Staves side of the Rio Grande, while Mr, Sslazer, the Mexicaa | atronomer, eartied on his operations on the opposite | Yonk. After nearly five hundred observations by each | rey, working independent of exch other. they found | selves but a few feetapart, when they agreed to in- | corporate their obyervations, aud, “by giving equal | weight to cach, thus to prodece one result for the initial point on the Rio Grande, whose latitude ts 8% deg. 22 min. | € u i appoint nent ie buebua are noted with great precision, aud corfespond in all rerpects with thoue laid down on or report, mentions every place over which cised jurisdiction, among which places are the oopper mines. ihe Mogollon Monntaios and the river Mimores & the dircetion of Genera: declaxed their limits. ‘The state of Chihuahua, whose northeru boundary had constitutes the southern boundary of New Mexico, first adopted its constitution in 1828, although it ; viously entered the Mexican gonfederation, “In 1838 it ited s Commission of Engineers to make a sia cal and geographical survey of the State, the chief of which were Mersrs. Pedro Garcia Conde, and Mr. Staples, an American. The following year they made a map of the State, exhibiting its territorial limits; and in 1836 thetr statistical report. The latter was printed pre- tabs vies she year 1842, In it the boundaries of the 3tate of Chi- re also mentioned aa being within its territory. the map. This essay 10 State exer: Tm the year 1847 the constitution of Chihuahua was me which declares what its limits are. * * * * * * * revised, and nmong the naw articles contained in it, is I here exhibit a fac simile of the map made under my rticle of the constitution of the Stal (Mr. Bartlett here exhibited a fac simile vordero of its genuineness he evgincer of the Boundsry Commission, 0 immediate inspection, in the city of Chihuahua, by the ineipal assistant eainoer of the United Sie tes Boundary mmission, certified to by the Governor; also a copy of the atntistical report referred to; and, lastly, the sezond with the certifl- cates of the Governer, the Secretary of State, and the American Consul, testifying to lis correctue: the official map of Chihuahua, showing its northern boundary ax is exhibited in our map, with the certificate of Governor of Mr. Radviminski, who copted “On the wall may also be seen the latest and most eor- rect map of Mexico yet published, which was made under Conde aud other eminent en- ineers in the city of Mexico, and engraved in London in 1845, The boundary between Ne lew Mexico and Chi. north.’ Thes point was accordingly recommenced by the | buahua correspond with those elaimed by the State of onomers to the jout commission to be adopted as tho | ¢ | vena next step was tomerk it with a monument, ar the bihvalua, Now let us examine the map, and se where the Initial point on the Rio Grande and the southern boundary of treaty required. The Uuited States surveyor, Mr. A.B, Now Mevico are, As Tlave alveady stated, thay ars at Gray, being absenty anc a0 word having been received | 82 deg. 22 min, north latitude, or 5 min, equal to about frota him, it became necessary that an oliver should be | 40 miles, south of the actual boundary of Now Mexivo; a e1poinied to GU his place on the occasion of marking the | territory too, h Chihushua always exercised Tnitial polut oMicially, as the work could not proceed | jurisdiction, aud which, rapreover, was never claimed by potil this was de Coramissioner, therefore, I appointed Lieutenant a, W. With the consent of the Mexican | New Mexico, teken from Chiuabua and We have, therefore, a dded to ‘New MMexi is plainly sean, about Whipple, then acting as chief astronomer, tonct and | 2,50) kquare miles of territory, and about 2,000 fro Gfioiate on this occasion, He complied with iy request, | Sonor, cotwithstandivg the positive ond reeaiodly ex 400k part in the ceremonies, end signed tho olivia! docu: | pressed determination of the Mexican Congress that uo mente with the commissioners an Movican sarveyo: Siaie should be dismembered. This result, however, ‘Tu@ initial point being thus fixed according to the stipu- | wow savoidadle, as the Joint Commission wax confined to Intions of ihe troaty, the astronomers and surveyors at once commenced work on tho line westward along the southern boundary ef New Mexico, Sueh were the pro ceedings connecied with the establishment of the initial the Rio Grande, at 32 degrees 22 minutes north * Ban * * * Mr. Gray, United. States Surveyors was of opinion that Di,turnell’s map by an express stipulation in the troaty. ‘This map placed the southern boundary of New Mexi i id, deg, 22 min., instead of 82 dog. 7 unin, 434¢0,, the | the Mexican Commissioner, is w district embrpg sis acknowleged boundary ascording to the official survey, | thousand square miles in favor of the Unitedtete and te”, a# wells the constitution of the State ‘An argument has been brought forwatd by one of the opponents to 82 deg 22 min., that a wa ed by he Mexfca government, in the year 1824, ig the will form an in order that it may w of both countries. the treaty map, it appeara thac the yundary of New Mexico intersects the most ea: ‘souree, from which orn’ branch of the river Gila near its yory point it was believed that the iver would be the boua- lary between the two republics its entire length. Had there been « practicable route, therefore, along the val. ley, or near either bank, no more woul’ have been required. Bat an course, it is closely hemmed in by lofty ana impaasible mountains, and that it is only tie proceed Fpeat of the mouth of the San Pedro river, the mountainous 1: gion is passed, and @ broad and uniztorrupted plain opeas to tbe view. peak a ere is a pect ty the raphical features of tis region which hers deserves t be wtice!, The great range known as tke Rocky Mountains, which isses trom north to south through the entire lengh of the American continents, and which attains its greatest elevation north of Santa Fe, In New Mexico, di- Verges westward, and preserves almost an untreken chain west of the Rio Grande. At the copper mines, be- tween that stream and the Gila, these mountains attain abeight of more than §,090 feet ubove the level ef the sea. They rise up in elevated peaks, separated by onr- row and intricate valleys, and suddenly sink intos high pas from 5,000 to 6,000’ feet above the level of the sea. n¢ the great Cordillera chain disappears about 20 miles e boundary line of Ne le- vated plateau or table, stretching rewh, is foun. in its pluee. This plate waidly through the greater portion course east ard west, at intervening distancesof f.om 16:0 G0 miles, it. is intersected by ranges of woantains, havirg an elevation of from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above the iso by short isolated’ ridges and detached bills. se mountains are not in continued chaius, but in short ridges from five to tifteen miles in length, overlapping each otter, and appesring ut a distance as @ eoationous ridge, What therefora seem to be an insurmountable barrier, way be passed in many places cneeeah Ballas with so little ascent that It is scarcely perceptible uat the trawler fines hiroself descending gradually op the of moun'sina which extend across the continent, from the regict: where the elevated plateau of Texas b porth of San Antonie, to the great “coast range” of , oF *sierras, f these ran; fr dtenieoy ty e northwest to the routheast. in Mexico, is from ergat. Cordillera range sgain begin: to appear, many lessor Fidguand it, great plateau at the north, From this point to witif ing on the Gila river, therefore, and the *' the country {a entirely open; aad this character prevai from the Fs cson ie a desert plain, ninety mi arg pe aang g desert, extending to the Guif of California, without or trees, and intersected by similar \solaind mouvtain ranges, alluded to. . sable and very @ Seca pois bout ton miles morth of Ei Paso, and too bigh @ sense of hovor ay o have qmed the entire adventage of the two yross and sow ledged_errore, had be heen in my place. Hy tis the initial point, therefore, below the S2 of pars Vel, | ex | tending the live weet to the loogitude of the youttetern angle of New Mexico, nvcording to the treaty maysence north aecorting to the treaty, this western lould have passed within six or eight miles of the Rio hade, and the United States would hava lost the whotegion around the copper mines—the only valuable tiory between the Rio Grande quid the Pactiie along} ling | Tho result of the line, av agreed upon by the j tission, instead of tbat claimed anil so strongly io by sarefore, as the revult of my eourie,;sin of that of territeyp to eheUalbee ba oad ave ated wid retro tothe 8 have |) showin | a large extent of of a rerioun In’ prof of what But this old deeree of Mexieo, although Ithink it of argumoct, aod which is the ouly w Mexico can base any ol, ia from the ind oF town ealled Paso dal Norte em vac with the | _ We bave travelled Coloucl Cocks's route®about eighty | uriadiction it has always po: rand the navionda of | wiles after lazing the river, and then followed”« now trail, he Riv Florida, on the side of Durango, with its apparte- mils ha * LF bave seen nowhere any notice fi nanee ik what is the “jurisdiction” that the town of cree referred to was passed, the nearest town to the north was beyond the Jornada de! Muerto, one hund -ed and fifty Now, 9 it was, without doubt, the i ways possersed”” by the town it which agrees with all the books on, hua, Mexico, 1884,” published by order of the suprome im putes north latitude, It claims, too, alike wish the of- It ia eatitlet— 1812, meaning *'s brief jeo, made by its depu- Mexico, because, withaeveral other northern provinces, it ment from a public officer, that the now dixputed valley and town of Mesilla was in the town of El Puso a place which bas always been, aud is now, ackuosledged to be grapby of the coxntry contiguous to the boundary aud of Tt has been asserted that the present line of bonndary’ west three degrees of faer margin of e bed of the river, within a marine league of examination of this river shows, that for one half of ita 8 avtands of Wexices “Pte, | wertern side. This {e the charactor of all the leseer ranges ins i the Pacific ocean. The genoral mountains bordering on the Pac’ bre iasy are called In sbout the latitude of 81 deg 15 mia. acrth, the ‘anit were the concentration of some ten or fifteen milys of the Gila, is a plain from itty tosixty miles in width, Between the mountains border, Grande to the mountsios iatervening be- tween the San Pedro and the Mexican frontier post of Tucson, which mountains are iu many places passable. across to the Gila is a vast or ort 1s those desoribed tu the region before erefore to a railroad, there is @ prac- seeat sente frees, Gad’ Hlo Grands, be- point about the same distance north of the line of 3: ed. Thence to the Gilz, is 4 level an: the valley of the Gila, or oa thy pla ha | Plain J veloghe | Fi corn: | The aguthera route, by which Tm in; t at some approv: int on 4 tolitiorn Now. Merten to: tho Paclte, fs the shortost. Ie ol y nat 4 from ¢ ther important considvra. any otuer. the mountains to be passed as on the northern route, bo sarious impediments Thera Teno ground fur this appretiension. t about 120 ites below line with its start he Mississippl, thro: Crossing the Rio de: Norte at a Socorro, or 2/0 miles below Santa Fe wher» onr line of t lett thatriver, and turned directly west, the proposed live | Ly of road would meet with no serious obstacle in crossing the | mountains. out eight, Dooke. “The | whore we left | The Sicrra | |, Whero we crosged it, has very little of tuo | ; Ly @ gentle slope we reached tho top er than & mountainous rogion ; & proof taat the road is not ditheult. we travelled | fier 9 v’slook on tho day we Pimo villages on the Gila jothing inthe way of the construction of « great portion of the line being free from oven any undulation of surface. Down the Gila no diffivulty oveurs, And none after crossing the Colorado, until wo reach tho coast range of mountains. After the conclusion of Mr. Bartlett's important lecture Mr. Dix, of Cambridge, was to read a paper on the route | from the Atlantic to the Pacific, across tho Andes. We hope to be able, at some future day, to give a report of this interesting paper. miles distance from poll Cooke's route to Tucsom being about 2%) mi horter tl) Madre mountain, mountain chara yb d camped iu a hilly and a th railros Late News from Texas. ‘We have dates from Galveston to tae 20th: of April. John A. Sitterwhite, of Waco, McLennan county, had Deen shot while under arrest by a man named Jackson. Satterwhite had previously attempted the life of Jackson, and afterwards shot a Mr. Sevier, for which latter olleace he was placed in the custody of the Sheriff. He is de- scribed ay a desperate cnaracter, whom the citizens had » | proposed to try by Lynet law. ‘The News raya?-By direction of Professor Forsbay, Mr. Tipton Walker has now completed the survey of tho road from Virgima Point to Harrisburg. on an airline, the dis- tance being @ fraction over thirty six miles,’ and the course north thirty nine degrees wost. The ground for the whola distance is nearly a dead level. to ali ap} ance, to within a few hundred yards of Harrisburg. Searcely any expense of grading Will be required. Tue only obstruction is Clear Creek, which will be cromed very easily, as‘the banks are firm, and being within tide water, where there is po overflow, and buta trifling change elevation from the ebv and flood tides, the bridge will not bave to be raised much above the ordinary level of the rairie. Profes:or Forshey, with ihe assistance of Mr. alker, {s now engaged in taking the level, and will soon | be ready to make a {ull report. A meeting of the stockholders of the Galveston and | Red River Railrond Company bas been oalled for the 18th inst, at Houston, for the leetion of a boari of direc- tora. A call is also made for the payment of ten per cent of the subscriptions, This locks like going to work inearnest. The News says, in relation to this roa This call for the payment of instaluwents looka a little businesslike, and is calculated to bauish the skepticism | mat dent his conduct will be characterized by prudeace, firm- | which Las prevailed to some extent in regerd to this en- | ness, and a conciliatory spirit;”” aud furthermore, that | terprise. We now learn that the work has been steadily | “‘he desires no advantage over the Mexican government.”’ | and uninterruptedly progressing since its commence- | ment. The tirst stop taken by the engineer, Theodore I. | Kovse, Esq., was to make a preliminary survey from | Warren, on the Brazos, to the city of Houston , after | which 1834 iniles, from the Brazos timber.to Himblin’s, | ‘was curveyed and levelled ; and now upwarda of ten miles is completely graded and ready for the tivs, ‘tie hands | now at work will be able to complete the grading ag far as Hamblin’s by the lst of June. We learn that some | of the heaviest stockholders of this company in New | York, Daly, Meuers. Erastus Corning, W. 8. McAlpia, Levi 8. Chatiielé, Gen. 0. C. Clark, and perhaps others’ aro exyected in this city next week, or in time for the organivationof the company, according to the notice now given. A theatrical company, headed by Messrs. Donaldson rie secete ri an eosmppant, of members of ones wpe ew Orleans, is sho: eapected in Galveston. ‘The theatre ia being tttea wy Bed bg The Hon. G. W. Smythe declines being s candidate for | Governor. He says he never had it in contemplation to be a candidate unless nominated by the Democratic State Convention. ‘The State Gazette says the now capitol at Austin is pro- Gressing, and the Ieghiative halls and the Supreme Court omy be finished by the meeting of the next Legis- jure, Over forty wegons, loaded with cotton, from five to seven baies each, arrived at Lavaca on the 22d ult. The Victoria Advocate of the 22a ult. says : “Nume- rous heavily laden wagons have been duily passiag fh our town with cotton on their way to ‘the phiplag Points. There is, we are informed, quite a large amount ‘of cotton still in the country, which, us the roads become geod, will be hauled to iavaca and Indianols.”” The San Antonio Ledger learns that three or four hun- ‘dred personsare at work in search of goldat the diggings op Sandy Creek, a tributary of the Golorado, in Gilles, cvunty, and that notwithstanding the inefficiency of their means, and imperfect character of their implements for successful operation, they are many of them making very fine wages daily from their washings. , John Connor, the Delaware chief, wasin Sam Antonio at het accounts, He informed the editor of the Ledger that under the instructions of « Howard, the Indian seat, he had arsembled at the headwaters of the Lane al. the foreign Indians now in the territory of Texas, bracing D Delewares, Soawuces, Guspows, find Seminoles ey a ie movements Oo jor Howard, who awaiting orders from Washington : a Septet tate Gazette says there is no foundation for the Aasti: i iu circulation that the smallpox is prevailing in LIABILITIES OF BATLUO LDS. The Cticaco Journal of the 6th inst. publishes the iuilowing:—4n important case was decided yesterday in the U.8. Circuit Court, Judge Drummond Proaiding. | Tho facts Of the cane aro as follows:—In the month Apt. 182, the plaintiff, Jobn Kuter, with his family, moved from Pansylvania to illinois. He had with him ea ordinary dg goods box, containing various articles of honsehol! &c., in which was placed between $1,700 fant | panies The ‘box was delivered to the defen- dot @ the Michigan Central Railroad company, at De- tuit, to be transported to Chicago, and was in one otheir freizht cars, and -was never heard of afterwards. ‘ne netion has brought to recover the value of the box od contents. After theevidence was closed, and argu- rents of con the Court instructed the jury as follows. 1. If the jury believe from the evidence that the box ontained the various articles of goods and merchandise + claimed, that wore the property of the plaiatif, nd were delivered to the defendauta ax coramon car lers of such goods and merc! ‘to be carried from Jetroit, to Chicago, and that the defendants feiled to de- ct and impansable, extentast range, elevated, com- | vor them an stipulated at Chi then the jury will Reogth of Memo to the Cordiliera of (iy hep iid for the plaintif for the wlue such goods and mer ‘ica. andise, athe “Guadalay pass,” through which the olg 2. That the plaintiff cannet recover for the value of Ss ens Se a's enya oa | Maer, an et Winieh Colovel Croke passed with his brigade Seni ganeyy and eld <fagmrelves cut to the ‘world aa sch; ling it practieable for wagons, 1s ovor that tof cacriers of passengers an the “alenih Madre.” where it beying to rise trout of | Let te, lech or Shale oe ag ere eee toes of money. tnd ahah tye inry shall bolieve from the evidence that Ipeny, carried money under uw contract and with ‘special aud Limited risks and Mabilities, that circume‘ance pe did not make them common carriers of mouey and sabject to the extraordinary responsibilities of common carriers of money, though the jury might take it {ato consideration? in connection with any other ovidence ia the cause, (if they believed thore was such evidence,) of their being common carricrs of on. « 4. That if the jury belleve that the defendants were common carriers of money and that notice struction or limitation of their liability was brought home to the plaintiff, then the plaintiff was not bound to disclose to the defendants the contents of the box in order to render them liable; but if the defendants wished to guard themsolves againet risk, they should have inquired a4 to the conten's of the box. Asa gene ral rule, @ person who delivers to a carrier any article or thing in property, of which the latter is a common car- rier, is not bound to discloe the kind, or quality, or value of such property, and the earrier, in the absonco of notice of frand or artifice on the part of the person making the dehyery, is Mable, notwithstanding no dis- closure is mace, The reidiet of tho jary was $1,907 61 in favor of the beg. 22 min. westward, until the mountain ridge near thy Sun berth pe i| open . Along an Len it, the country is open, level, and not obstruct ed by mountains for a distance of from 190 to 200 mile; when the Colorado is reached. Crossing this stresa which may be easily done by a bridge, you come to desert about 110 miles in width, which extends for # gre} distavee northward along the Colorado, and southward | Lower Colifornig, J0 full extent is uoknowa, The wha district of country namea id yoularaauly ieven, ana wou require but little If any grading or embankment, exce where the canons or defilex between the mounting » traversed, This route, though not asdirect as the nort ern oves, is admirably adapted for a railroad. In the opinion pressed, Iain supported by Lig teuant Whipple, who had charge of one of the surveyt In this report that offleer say: That it would hardly be practicable to constract rod, eanal or railway, to run wholly upon the river Gt | ‘The caron of the Pinal Lieno mountsing is» complete b | rier. ‘The pase below tic junction of the jan Pe equally impracticable, Between tho Pimo settlemont the junction of the Gila with the Colorado, nature in'- pores no serious obstacle to the construction of a wat gon munication, such as the travelling public may dens. But trom the Pimo village to Rio uel Norte 1 know ofo rroticnl route evtn for ® wagon road, oxcept by entex Bie Stato of Sonora, to avold the Pinal Iteno mauntaiy By no possible means, therefore, could n line of ba- dary have been obiained that would give us a routho tho Pacific, even for a wagon road, without enteringe State of Sovors. The treaty map gave us a disteictly to the frst branch of the Gila, but by prolonging thee of the southern boundary of New Mexico two dogs | slong that river, the United States gained a tract ofir- | ritory whelly unanticipated by the framers of the tity | of peace, t has been stated that {f the inftial point had jen fixed below the 52d parallel, it would give us # niore ke. tical route. Buch is not the case, If dx 8%d parallel, nnd the line even extended three doer west, it would fall 17 or 18 miles farther eas) th tt now dees, as the Rio Grande has here a soulh-early | course. But it cvmnot be supposed, tha: ico yled | a point below the 924 parallel, she would also yield us he protonged line three degrees west. Woulbur sting on this be using a ‘ conciliatory spirit” tocds Mexico?’ Would this be taking ‘no advantage oft, | which Mr. Secretary Buchanan so strongly and so hor- | ably dwells upon ta bis instructions to the frst o(nis- | sioner, Colonel Weller? Thet Teman, 1 am sar ha ANOTIBR LINK. ‘The Pottsville Lmporinm and Press, speaking of th railroad improvement now in copteaplation, to exton from Hauch Chunk up the Lehigh to White Haveo, and | thence to Scranton, in Lucerne county, says:~-By this line, inconnection with the Lehigh Valley Railroad, & direct communication will be opéued from the Lacka wanna, Wyoming, and Lehigh eoal fields to New York by the Now Jereey Gen*ral Railroad, and to Philadelphia by the Freemenuburg and Norristown, or the Belyidere Dela | ware Railroad. An extra rail, we understand, is to bo | laid on the new road, so as to combias boih the wide aat the oarrow gauges. CHAMPEESBURG AND ALLEGHENY RAILROAD. This project. apy earvest Jeelings of the People Cpe! expecially, proposed ronte. are stirring very large public meetings have been In Redford ocunty, | effectually, aud sev | beld on th Trespay, May 10-6 P.M. The stock market is assuming an entirely novel cia | racter. Instead of a few partioular stocks, the nuture | avd peculiarities of which were well unaerstood, we have now such an increase of schemes and projets that the attention of the stock beard cannot keep pace with their rapid production, and as to their intrinsic merits, avery- thing mast be taken on trust, In less than@hirty days there have been introduced on the stock list about twenty new companies, whose aggregate capital is over $26,000,000, consisting of benke, insurance, coal, end | of gold, lead, and copper axeociations; and euch is the extreordinary appetite for speculation, that tho most staid and sovber-minded rush inlo the arena as ifthe end was not @ ventare but ® certainty. The sure and segular bonds of raflroad companions or States have become almost neglected av investments, that purchases may be made in such enterprises, in the anticipation (hat the turn will afford a larger result than meré income percentage; and thus, if this pampbling pro- inflicted through the better and rore shrewd tact wad wit of the getters up of projects whose plausible. prospests of permanent prosperity, faithlessiy vanish, aod in he end | ‘terminate in the most mortifying disappointment, As a vrs to enlist in ita support the most | railroad, companies, with an innumerable congregation | | cose, we have such bitter complaints of hoavy losses matter of course, the enormous amount of eapital re- quired to keep these immense inftations {a activity, is almost beyond estimate; and such is the extravagance of the operations, that any serious decline in any one of the bubbles leads with sympathetic influence to overturn all, h | except perhaps those few in which a depression or a rise may be the accidental consequence of an over busi- ness either in buying or selling. The tendency of quotations for stocks to day was down- ward. The leading fancies were offered in large lots. The demand was more active than usual, and in some in. stances prices were not only sustained but improved. At | the firet board Morris Canal fell off 5¢ per cont; Can- ton Company, 4; Niearagua, 5; Cumberland Coul, 3: Harlem, 14; Erie Railroad, 34; New Havea Railroad, 2; Michigan Central Railroad, . Phonix Coal weat up 3; per cent; Utica and Schenectady, 23¢; Hudson River Railroad, 14. New Haven Railroad has fallen six per cent since the recent disaster. It is estimated that the company will have to pay, in the shape of damages, at least two hundred thousand dellars before all the suits are through with, The receipts at the office of the Assistant Treasurer of this port to-day amounted to $151,494 13; payments, $119,984 69—balance, $7,070,804 79. It often happens that the reckless operations are made in stocks where greatest ignorance exists as to their intrinsic merit, The yery mystery seems to be the surest guaranty for faithless combinations. It is but necessary te note the constant variations daily exhibited in order to comprehend the tru'h of this position, At one mo- ment; the coal stocks appear to be the fayorite subjects | of investment, then, without reason, they are discarded and immediately, with as much inconsistency, a rush is wade on railroad stocks, previously neglected, which in turn enjoy a similar viciesitude in their career. There could be nothing more capricious than the constant ups and downs which we see in the principal railroad stocks, especially those of large capital and still larger indebt- edness, such as the Erie and the Hudson, representing joint responsibilities Ya stocks and bonds exceeding $48,000,000 If the directors of these companies ever dream of ap- Propriating any portion of their income to discharge thelr immense floating debt, however wise or proper may be the vision, speculation immediately raises an indignant clamor when the managers, fearful of their places, continue to and thus, instead of an honest administration, based on conservative economical princi- ples,new issues of stock, or additional loans are negotiated. There must neverthelees be a finality to this system of ficanciering, especially as the very fuccess of these ma nocayres gives rise to rival and competitive enterprises, terminating in a speedy and perhaps disastrions competi- | tion, ‘The community at every point and place, flattered with the prospect of improvements, are using every appliance and power to ensure to themselves railcoad accommoda- tions; many, 95 a mere luxury, and not content with fa- cilities of travellivg they aiready enjoy essay to real- ize thoir wishes, by the mortgage of their private and the public property, thus creating «mass of debt, in the vain hepe that with their Tegpective enterprises no more or other improved projects will be undertaken, In the inflation capital seems to bs the last object of eontemplation. The more extravagant the scheme, the more certain will it be to receive epec- ulation patronage. The fancy operators see, in the vista of the magnitude of the capital the sudden road to wealth and independence to be @ president, a director, or a secretary, has become the charmed anticipation of every little spirit of ambitious pretension; and thoee generally who have the least right to possess public confidence are mostly successful. That there ia a false bottom somewhere there can be no doubt. ‘The necessities of the country cannot require such an extraordinary expansion, and it could not exist but for | the unsoundness which makes money, such as it is, of most questionable value; and we regret to remark thet | we look in vain for those beacon marks and intelligib': eigns showing that the extravagance was reaching som comprebensible culminating limita. The financial horizon | presents no indications whereby we can judge of the fu- ture—no traces of « disposition to return to a sound and rational influence. We are, therefore, forced to the conclusion that the end will only be known when we shall feel a great monetary crisis, such as will sweep over theland with the besom of destruction, involving the fortunes of the borrower and the lender. There is 8 wost certain maxim in fiscal philosophy which never disappoints, which is: that there ean be no plothora in the movey market, nor in speculation, where there exists a well balanced relation between income and capital. Therefore, being aflcat, as we are, without compass, we reston the maxim, looking forward to a state of embar- rasement in our Seancial afisirs ; and whem we least ex pectan overturn the catastrephe may be brought about by causen of almeat insignificant importance. suev me ave 4-6 already, and do not experience a most = serious i throaghout tbe "“angency in the money market importations, is explained by the fact that our m- ore and facreasing iadebtedness abroad has thus far supplied e resource €or mercantile remittances Without this substitute remittances baye bven } ¢d the vast amount of tonnage it ia destined at mo ds tent day to attain.” » The above we take from the Cumberland Journal, of the 6th inst., and with this annonneemept we shall seon realize what has been so anxiously desired by one side ‘and fearfully apprehended by the other. With this open- ing of the trade of the Westernport distziet, itis of eourse anticipated that « most active rivalry will spring up be- tween the competitor companies contiguous te Frost- burg and those of the George's Oreck valley. Mf, aa the Journal remarks, the coal of the valley be ef @ superior quality, {t cannot fai) to command » market at all times, The annexed letter, from the widely and well known house of Cooper & Hewitt, of the Trenton Iron Works, bears very strong testimony to the value of the oval frem the Cumberland region in iron mauulactares. We are informed that the cousumption of this deseription of cos) is rapidly increasiog, both among manufacturers and private consumers, The letter is an fallows:— New Yorx, May 9, 1653, Masens. Newnit, Srorravant & Co., New Yousi— Gentlemen—We have ceived from the mines of the berland Coal Iron Company, in comparivon with the suthracite eoal which we have been in the bavit of using, In order to deter- mine the matter satisfactorily, we changed foar of puddiiag furnaces, and have’ now consumed sume five hundred tons of Cumberland coal. ind the cl highly ad worked beautifully—in fact it ia We are nies chan; maces, and building si & few weeks we shall har furnaces ready for your coal- mie geome order for eleven thousand tons (11,00) of amthracite and substitute therefor 10,000 tons Camberland of the mines. We reserve the right to increase this to 12,600 tons the present year, and next year we shal) require a much larger amount. < We ace, very respectfull; (Signed). COOPER '& BEWITT: Stock Exchan; $29450 US6's, '67.b3 120 160 the Ph MOo..b30 25 8000 Ohio6's, 70.83 117 100 do, DS 243, 1000 ErieCa Bds,'71 9834 150 Um 9000 Hud RRNBdss3 90° 250 mx 2000 Mich SRR Bds 102 150 do, 26 10 shs Mer Ex Bank 1093, 25 do, ms 10 State Bank.,..s3 106° 400 26 ye 50 do. ws 50 do Be 800 do, *4 50 do, wy 300 do. 25 200 Harlem 5 100 do 06% 5 U& Sch 190 20 do. 1003 100 do. 19236 60 a Ps Ere RE "0 0 ie # 100 do. bo do. me 500 N Jorrey 3% «60 do. 805, 100 do, y 250 do 9035 100 do. 12% 300 18035 200 Montgom Mining 3% 200 do. ye 500 Portsm’th DD 88 6 100 do 90 50 Flor & Keypt.b60 16 60 do! 9034 100 F& K Pk’rd . b3 1736 25 Syr & UI 183 100 Nic Transit. .| 76 Roch & 160 200 100 Long Is! 9834 2 100 Stoningten 85%, 60 ao. 55% 50 Nor & Wor . 58 20 do. 50 do, 2 50 Reading RE . | 900 do... 150 Hud Riv RR, . 630 60 do 100 10 60 360 960 51i¢ 100 400 do... "/b80 51% 400 150 Parker @iGo,.03 814 100 do. 100 ean «BOO 10 NY & Nii RR 60 Belf & Ind RR... 10136 20 Mich 1€0 shs ORLA& MO) 20%. 750 ahs Flot & Key, BY she 100 Morris Canal... 100 do tae iss 100 do... 62 NY &NH 205 100 Nic Transit 8d 500 do, 100 200 100 160 100 100 500 50 do : 100 Parker C’l Co.660 60 do, B % 16 Long RR,. 38 60 Stonington RR.. 65% 100 do... -b4m 60 do. 20 Mich Centrai RR. 1 100 Phoetiniag Co.bs 200 CITY TRADE for pearls, and $6 for , 100 Iba. : Bhupetorre. os ba ee better request at the re- dueed — quoied in our last. Sales had ng ee of 8,500 bbls. sour, at $4 @ $4 12);; sapere, jo. 2, at $4 1255 a $4 81%, o7 to cheice at $460% a $4814; mixed to fanc: 1 $4 98%; crmmon to good Obio, at $475 a faney , af 25; extra Western, $5 25; 1 01 it $5 6: Bt Scias a: $0 Stic, and extra Conesee, At $8 iR%¢ 8 90 Canadian has been ‘Fealized C3 $1 20; mode by an alerming exportation of speci, but as the time matures when payments must be made of dividends sod interest te foreign stock and bondholders, which in theteginning of July will-ecceed ton millions of dollars, we way then discover, when too late, that ted, that not satisfy olddebts. It ia n-<¥*) ia ae our fereign predisvrs will have forgotten the lessons former experience—which, to be remembered by many of {he European bankers mustbe known somewhat by tra- dition, as @ monetary life is but a fleoting moment— therefore they may be willing to receive in Hou of their cash demands on State or railroad bonde additional evi- ences of a compound indebtedoess. If they do not then we may anticipate a general crash. Specie must go forward, and that shipped to any great extent would pro- duce a panic {a the stock market, and in financial circles generally, that would utterly destroy public confidence. From wing report, which has been handed to diya pores feagt fae ake th peel monty ay Quarts Amalgametor is well calculated to attain the end do, red, fealy parched st C pugbel- vot ‘f b6c. for w seen Oe =p day amount te about bales, ithout charge in prices. We continue to quote — * . Pr FICATION. (Cf LIVERPOOL CLAsau prime Maracaibo, at 1034 ¢-: 69 2,200 Rio, at Ue. a 8. e YPasscnta ‘To Livsrpe2 40,000 ushale wheat ei ee brigs; and 6,000 do, ot 6d.: and about 500.2 600 bales oot! ‘were en- for which it is designed. For the information of those of our readers who ure not acquainted with its eonstruction, we may observe that its peculiarities consist in the in- clined position of the basin, the double motion, spiral and rolling, given to the ball, and the ingenious contriy- ance by which every particle of the metal is brought lato contsct with the mercury, without evaporation or loss of the latter. As previous experiments had amply demon- strated that the machine could perform the office ef a pulveriser, and extract gold from quartz, the only ques- tion to be decided by the commitice was, whether it would extract all the gold, or whether, as is the case with other machines, it would leave a considerable por- tion of the metal in the tailings. Weare happy to find that the committee haye reported that no gold was found in the tailings which passed through Berdan’s machine on}riday. This determines the value of the invention; axd we are uot surprised to hear that one hundred ma- chines have been sold during the last throc months. Tho | report ia as follows;—- The undersigned, appointed from the company of gen- tlemen present at the Novelty Works on Friday last, to examine the manner and regult of working gold ores by “H. Bordan’s Quartz Pulverizer and Amalgamator,”’ res- pectfully report— That before using the machine the same was tho- roughly cleaned. That the ore used—froin the Otter Creek Mine, Califor- pin—was found by weight to contain 98 Ibs. 8 oz.; the ore wasof hard quartz. The machine was fed with lumps about the size of a man’s fist. The mercury used was first strained through a fine sieve, and weighed 34 lbs. Sor, After the ore bad passed through the machine the mercury was drawn off, and in cleaning it from the sand some of it was lost. After straining what remained through the same seive, and in the same manoer as at first, and taking out the amalgem, it weighed 1 Jb. 4 oz Jews than the whole quantity put {n the machine. at the amalgem, after expelling the mercury, weighed 80 divts., aod after reduction to fine gold was found to contain 29 dwts. 8 grs. That a portion of the fine tailings was placed in the bands of Professor Chilton for analysis, and was found upon test to contain no trace of gold, That the reswlts of this experiment are perfectly satis factory to this committee. : H. Downing, KH. Northrop, N. Conklivg, E. H Kim ball, J. Rovner, Robt. Lyon, | New York, May 4, 1803, | ‘Twenty thousand doliars of bonds of the St. Lawrence | Mining Campany, drawing sevea per cent interest, pays. | ble veri annually, principal payable in 1856, were cold to day, at the Merchants’ Exchange, at auction, at prices varying from 36 to 97 per cent—$1,000 sold at35, $2,000 at | 86, and $17,000 at 36, i | | | | | “We understand that the rails on the George's Oreek road are now laid to Lonaconing, and that it will be opon- | 1 for business on Monday, the 9th inst. The road is laid in the most substantial manner, and tho George's Creek | lay wiilhaveane of the bewt avenues open from its ‘to Piedmont, at Westernport, on the Baltimore and Obie Ratiroad, existing in this region, The rapitity with | which the natural obstacles to the eonstruetion of tats road have been overeaine should reflect « nal sgredit oa tho company andthe engineor in charge, Wm. IL. s Faq Cael hae already Frached Pledinent from the of the Swanton Company, being # small quantity intend. ed for trial on the engines ef tho’ Baltimore wnd Ohio Railroad Company, The coat or wien valley, from its su | pector quality, cannot fall to Misting. Wo bait diy ata begtuning. ae the starting paint to which we will im future times lookRatk, when the trade of this rection of the coal field shall have reac | Linperial—4 hi éo, 50; 19 4 to notice or Havre. A vessel was dis, “To California, rater parted from ie to ane with cecasional higheccenbon in full clippers, was po change to notice nto she Finscasckens.—There were q eerie ian Scher Wed wp mane ——We hea a found buyers, at $2 75 a $2 71%. — jena fae 1¢ 650 bales changed hands, at €2i<¢. a 90e. Hors —There were 32 bales sold yesterday at 26¢, a dle. per Ib gee Larms.—Fastern continued abundant and in fair re quest, teh eee thourand. Lue w lote commen Rockland were at 900. per bbl. paeent LEAD.—A 1 of 100 tons Spanish @inpesed of a $6.75 per 100 Ibs. emu C Mo.assrs —There prevailed a better ‘and sale were made of 40 hhds. Porto Rico at 2734; 196 at 25, ; 50 Cardenas at 22c.; and 70 bbis. New Orleansal an uppubli-hed price, " Nava Broxis.—Nothing new in There were sales reported of 1,600 bbls., resin, at $1 50 for Newbern; $1 60 for Wilmington, and 9260 te $2.873¢ for No. Ons,—The market was inactive for Crude; 620. a We. for whale, and $1.28 for sperm. Olive was moro needed; 1,600 gallon: found bu; in lots, at $1.25 91,28. Lin- seed seemed pretty brisk "The sales reached 8,000 gal- lons, at 613¢¢. w 620 per Pxovistows.—Pork was very dall. The sale did not exceed 600 barr Western at $12 18% @ $13 26 for prime, and $15 a $16 123, for mens. Home 260 packages cut meats were dis; of at peviour sale cf lard reached packages, at 930. @ 108, Ty. Beef tended downwards ‘ihe sales embraced bblis., at 45 123¢ a $6 76 for country prime; $625 a $6 %5 for cit: Co; $8 75 a $10 75 Nonnuel mesa, and $1276 0 $13 city do. Ohio and State butter was sell at Se.0 end 1c. s 20e. per Ib, Cheese commanded 8e. @ 10c. per 1 KoaP.—There were vol 200 boxes Caetile, at 1050. a3 F 10Me. per Ib. Sucars nore animation. The sale amounted (00 hhds. Cuba, chiefly to retinera, at 4X0. a 54gc., and 85 boxes yellow Havana, at 6%. ‘a8 were more inquired for, beth'by Nase for export to England, Some 2000 chests bleck bought for the London market on terms not made publ beni 8 whieh, sales were made at auction Gunpowder—89 balf cbests « all chests O14; 44; 15 do. 43, 4 do. 41; 28 do, 5 do, 29; 106 do 28; 3240. 27 80, 2536. ; . 28 (Odo. 17, 26 chests do. 15, 74 do. 14, 140 aif chests 289. Twankay.—40 half do. 2434; 100 do. 24; 100 do, 28 z; 240 do, 28; 120 do. : 188 do. 10; 38 do, 17, Ooolong-—10 half chests 19¢. Winskky —The Cay’s transactions inelnded 760 bbls y | Ohio and prison, nt 24/0. a 28e per gallon. RECKIPTS OF PRODUCE. Dy Norra River Boats. —16000 bbls, flour, 116 do. : pork, 265 pliga: cheese, 71. do, butter, 4% do, boli. whiskey, 1,400 sides eather, 19,000 4nd 12.000 do, vhent, 260 bbls. flour, 100 de. whiskey, 000 . do., 200 bates hay, 15 casks ashes, 20 boxes cheese, 20 tons iron, 200-bbIs eggs, 500 hogs, head cattle. ae ‘ign Markets. Pexce, April 26)—Sugurs from 30. to 374¢.; no partien- lar demand, Molasses, $13 per 160 gallons.