The New York Herald Newspaper, April 25, 1853, Page 4

ee NEW YORK HERALD. awww "JAMES GORDON BENNET®?, ‘PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR, Snannannaanheinineadl "RET ICE M. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU BTS. pn din Were ate D, at Shoes rf ‘+ omy ser i. Brlenin Beats to any sard of Sane keene containing impor: ‘@ny quarter of the world ; if wed, ald Fe . B@OuR FORzION CORRESTON: ARTICULARLY REQUESTED TO SeAL ALL Lut- mnymous communications. We do not Subser'; tions, or with Adver- tet the postage wil be de ‘wcted from executed with neatness, chea;ness, and DSi IsEMENTS renewed every day. + Wedume XVII... ..0.02eeeeeeeeceee bt AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Lavy or Lrons—Daatu ‘Sours. BROADWAY THEATRE. Broadway—Bertram—To ~ Panis anv Back vor Five Pounvs. WYBLO'S—Lvenezia Borgia. ‘TON’S THEATRE, Chambers street—Crvitzeation Tus Sarrus. WATIONAL THEATRE, ham street -ARMORER OF a— Too Large vor Tus Is. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Srenets WortTu wine—Pur oy Tux Perricoats. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon—Wittow Corsr.— ing—Huscunack. SY. CHARLES THEATRE, jowery—Mitirary Execu woxn—Evererx Witson—Dovunie Beppep Room. GHRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broadway—Ernuor1an sa BY Cunusty’e Opena Troure. WOOD'S MINSTRELS. Wood's Musi - wag Bemiorian Minerearets | ett! Ball, 644 Brood: @IROCUS, 37 Bowery—Equeernian Exrerrainuenrs, GEORAMA, 58 Broadway—Banvann's PaNoRama oF ‘wee Hory Lanp. BELLER’S SOIREES MYSTERIEUSES, 539 Broadway. OWEN’S ALPINE RAMBLES, 539 Broadway. New York, Monday, Aprti 25, 1853, Mails for Europe. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD. ‘The Cunard steamship America, Captain Leitch, will Beave Boston on Wednesday next, at 12 0’clock, for Liver- peo). Subscriptions and advertisements for any edition of the New Yori Herat will be reeeived at the following placss 4m Europe:— Lsvenroor—John Hunter, No. 2 Paradise street. Lonvex—Edward Sandford & Co , Cornhill. ™ Wm. Thomas & Co., No. 19 Catherine street. Panws—Livingston, Wells & Co,, Rue de la Bourse, * B. H. Revoil, No. 17 Rue de la Banque. ‘The European mails will close in this city at one and ‘Bree o'clock. The Wexxiy Henarp will be publiched at balf-past nine @’elock to-morrow (Tuesday) morning. Single copies, in wrappers, sixpence. The News. Our telegraphic columns are fraught with the most melancholy interest. The steamship United States has arrived at New Orleans, with two weeks’ later advices from California, the synopsis of which eonfirms the report of the loss of the steamer Inde- pendence, and, in addition, makes the lamentable announcement that fully one hundred and forty of her passengers are numbered with the dead. The I. ran ashore on the 16th of February, on Marga- yetta Island, Lower California, where she took fire and was entirely consumed. There were five hun- dred passengers on board at the time, nearly all of whom jumped overboard, and heroically braved the @ashing surf and strong tide to gain the shore. Those who succeeded in reaching the land were afterwards obliged to stand mere helpless spectators and listeners to the vain straggies and heart-rending gapplications and dying shrieks of the less fortu- pate of their companions—including men, women nd children—who were cithe isperishing on board ithe blazing vessel or being swept ont to sea by the | irresistable force of the current. Of the immense pumber who were thus hurried into another sphere, the telegraph only furnishes the names of seventeen of the many from the Eastern States—among them twelve New Yorkers. In the absence of a eomplete list of the dead we have deemed it proper to republish the following names of those who are known to have been on board the ill-fated steamer:— Mr R Hatch, J F Sparhaw, 6 Kimball, D M Barker, FE Buffum, Mrs A Bloomfield, Mrs MS Ayres, E Drown, Mrs EB Drown, Mrs Dickey, Mrs Mendoza, J Steele, W W Stevens, ‘Lieut F Stanley. J Hixon, A Soward, Mrs Plizabeth Ingles, G W Ingles, ~~, Wheeler. Charles R Cullen, Jos W band, Geo W Lapeer, L Day, Z Cook, Jr, W Corey, A Carmichael, Allison Scott, R Stockdale, D Findlay, I P mith. Wm H McCandiess, HC Zinn, P M Weddell, Miss A J Weddell, James Tallon, R M a a | B F Cameron, R A Knox, J James, W Holmes, E Scofield, Mis Seoffield, HE Richmond, C C Hardy, John Stone, Cross, EC Mavin, T M Gettrell, Miss M Lackeny, Cook, $ D Gillmore, Francis Muffin, Mrs F Muffin, F Baxter, E Light, Mrs E Light, E Block, B Cohn, 88, H Smith, B F Ward. Jas P Lewis, H Mosher, § Greenfield, C Ball, Mrs C Hall, J F Hall, E lis, Mrand Mrs Wm Pierce, Mrs Howland, , SC Howland, C M Howland, G W Howe, ancey, Charles D Bellows, CD Granniss, J Gillis, er, A W Turner, A B Turner, D Dalcy, C A |, HW Pell, L Nolan, W Doyle, A'B Reynolds, Wm Van Saun, S Pruden, G Morris, LP Dexter, P R Tessen- den, L Hardman, J G Johnson, J Halstead, J T Halstead, ID Nelson, WG Stokes. James Caldwell. TS Vaughn, 85S Potter, H Earnbart, D H Byars, 8 Robbins, J Abbott, HC Bean, LC Stevenson, A Gilmore, AC Bowen, F Gil- more, C Gilmore, A Brown, J Fleming, = Davidson, H Gorton, J Bochard, M Parker, W Bacon, M Barber, J Cross, R Taylorr, S Theime, Mrs F Sullivan, H Mott, W Bell, ‘A Hemphill, W Bacon, W Bateman, F Hirvey. E | Garrett, J Wilhams, J G Jeflers, W = Moulton, A Richard. | son, W Lincoln, L Lincoln, A Lincoln, W Chase, W A | Searls, J Rearim, $$ Paul, G F Davis, J Davis, L Felt, J D Felt, W B Hatch, J Mastorman, J Gorton, W Scott, LC Sutton, WR Bignall, T O'Neal, I Richardson, WL Borden, | D Owens, W Borden, W Whitney, J Brown, H Taylor, A | Penny, W Davicson, L Fuller, H Bruce, D Barker, J | Green, J Westotl, J Weatherington, A Weatherington, G | Perkins, J Myers, k, F Baxter, 8 Taylor, D Nichols, ‘W Morse, M McDonald, J'A Nichols, W Imrie, WS Bab- J Howland, J Light, B Ligh! JO Hale, 0 Hale, A Parker, P Carter, W Brown, C Tyler, J RB Willoughby, E K Manving, © P Patterson, J Guignon, P Cox, DF Bishop, ER Drake, Mrs A Weich, Mary A Marphy, D Murphy. J Murphy. 5 Childs, D Aberle, R Reinbolt, A Fisher, M Ficet, ! Baker, W Orr, J Crotta, W Lebalister, LL Gray, W Argall, 8 Stephens, T M Wilson, J Arnott, R H Dougias. F H Newell, W Newell, A Kittridge, J H Mit- timore, H J Roberts, R Gitting, WH Finch, I Smith, C Theyer, L Sweet, T Burgess, H Ford, J C Parmater, J H ley, J Baum J Weaver, Thomas’ Robinson, wife and three children, of St Louis; John 3 Watson, and family, do, Clement W Coot, and family, do, and Mr Taylor, and Puoog id Pry eet.) tala] zP H In addition to the foregoing. there were two hun dred and seventy-three steerage passengers. The Independence, it will be recollected, had on board those who suiled from this city in the steamship Northern Light, for San Juan, on the 20th of January. We have hitherto stated that the Inde- pendence was never considered an A. 1 steamer, Prior to leaving this city for the Pacific eoast she -was sald to have been leaky on some occasions; and in a letter dated at Acapulco, where she coaled on the 10th of February, Mr. Robinson, of St. Louis, de- scribed her as being very old, but vainly consoled himeelf for the inferiority of the vessel, with the remark that there was “not a breeze stirr- jog, and that there were only four persons sick onboard.” Indeed, it is asserted by some that she is the same steamer Independence that plied between this city and Amboy,a number of years ago. So far as we have been able to ascertain there was no in- gurance upon lier in Wall street, and she was pro- bably uninsured anywhere. A despatch from Balti- micre states that a great many Marylanders were on board, and the confirmation of her loss had created intense excitement there. Four families from St. Louis were also on board. The general news froin California is possessed of great interest. We learn that the city of Marysville bas again been submerged, and that extensive loss | of property has been the consequence. (old ap- pears to be as abundant as ever. The steamer which sailed from San Francisco on the Ist instant had on board nearly two and a quarter millions of the | article, of which eight hundred thousand dollars were shipped by one house, and five hundred and thirty thousand by another. Owing to the ar- | rival of a large number of yestels, freighted with | every descriptioy, of merchandise, the San Francis markets were, quiet. Small sales of flour had been made at tvvelve and thirteen dollars. ‘The steamship Uncle Sam, which left Aspinwall on the 18th instant, will bring the details of the California intelligence, which will now be fooked for with great anxiety, particularly by these who had friends on board the Independence. The Uncle Sam will probably arrive between this and to-morrow afternoon. A great impetus has been given to the gold ex- citement in Texas by additional discoveries in Ham- ilton’s Valley. Office-seekers are still s0 numerous in Washington that the President has been ebliged to name regular hours and dayson which to receive them. -An anti- Bentonite has received the appointment of Surveyor General of Illinois and Missouri. Read the interest- ing extracts which we to-day publish in connection with Washington affairs; also the letter in which it is asserted that Gov. Lane, of New Mexico, intended to assume the responsibility and seize a portion of the Mexican territory. ‘The popular branch of the Massachusetts Legisla- ture on Saturday passed bills incorporating four new banks in Boston, with a total cash capital of two and a half millions of dollars. The ship Sea Nymph, of Baltimore, has been purchased by government, and named the John P, Kennedy. She is intended as a storeship for the Ringgold expedition. The New Orleans cotton market was very animated on Saturday. Some seventeen hundred bales changed hands at a decline of one-fourth cent for the minor qualities. The Arabia's news had no effect npon the finer descriptions of cotton. Our English fellow-citizens celebrated the anni- versary of St. George’s Day on Saturday last. The members of the St. George's Society commemorated the day by dining together at the Astor House in the evening. A full report of the proceedings at the banquet will be found in another portion of our columns. The Rey. Dr. Hatfield last evening ‘delivered an able sermon, at his church at the corner of Broome and Ridge streets, on the subject of “Money Making,” “in which he severely censured the materialism of the age, and the indifference of the rising generation to all matters appertaining to religion. In addition to the lengthy but exceedingly in- teresting account of the Horse Trade of New York, our inside pages to-day contain the chief points of the Squier Treaty with San Salvador; Commuanica- tion from an Englishman, relative to the ill-treatment of one of his fellow countrymen in Cuba; Curious descrigtion of Mormonism and Spiritual Wifeism; Weekly Report of Deaths in this city; Commercial, Theatrical and Miscellaneous Intelligence, kc. The Effect of Uncle Tom in Europe. The London Times, which cannot afford room for the speeches of Mr. Cass or Mr. Ever- ett on the highest questions of international politics, publishes at full length a letter from Professor Stowe to Mr. McSymon, informing that gentleman and the world that Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe is indisposed. Nor is the Times at all in advance of the rest of the English peo- ple in this respect. Honors such as crowned heads have seldom received await on all sides the authoress of Uncle Tom’sCabin. Congratu- lations and fétes that a sovereign might envy are pressed upon her from every quarter: rich and poor, noble and plebeian, throng the path through which she is expected to pass. British statesmen deem her opinions worth care- ful study. Archbishop Whately deliberately awards her the first place among modern philanthropists, and the leading critic of Lon- don deposes Dickens from his throne to exalt Mrs. Stowe. Public opinion in Europe fully bears them out in these extravagant views. About one hundred editions of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or one million copies, have been sold in England. Some twenty editions, comprising 300,000 copies, have been sold in France. Thirty editions, or 500.000 copiesin Germany. At least ten editions, or rather more than 200,000 copies, in the rest ofEurope. We shall not exaggerate if we say that the total circula- tion of the work in Europe amounts to two millions of copies. It has, moreover, been dramatized in ten or twelve theatres; and the personages have become more familiar to the people than the heroes of biblical history. Scott’s novels, or Shakspeare’s dramas. Neither the Imperial library of Paris, nor the Vatican library, nor the British Museum, con- tains any work whose popularity is so extensive in Europe at the present time as Uncle Tom's Cabin. Its success is a phenomenon which deserves to be studied. Abolitionists like the Earl of Shaftesbury see in it nothing but a striking ex- pression of public opinion against negro slavery. A few. whose unreasoning philanthropy may possibly excuse their deficiency of literary acu- men, ascribe it to intrinsic excellencies which they have discovered in the style and plot of the work. The bulk of thinkers note the fact, and judiciously abstain from expressing an opin- ion as tits causes. Their reserve is creditable to their discretion. | The source of the popularity of works like Uncle Tom’s Cabin will not bear probing in Europe. When Cayenne and military platoons are so constantly betore the eyes of the public it is but common prudence to hide under a jest or a sagacious doubt a conviction whose corolla- ries might lead to one or the other. For, deeply as the discovery may wound the auti- slavery faction. they may depend upon it they are destined to find out, some day, that the abolitionist sentiment goes for little or nothing in the success of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Its prestige rests not in the plea it urges on behalf of the blacks, but in the bold, ear- nest tone in which it sets forth the rights of man and the principles of natural democracy. The color of the heroes of the tale is soon lost sight of by the European reader. His passions are stirred by the wrongs of injured individu- als—men like himself. He asks not. he cares not whence they hail, nor what destiny fate has seemed to allot them. All he notes is the op- pression they are painted as suffering. _ With- out any extraordinary effort of imagination. he draws a plausible analogy between the condi- tion of his own fellow-countrymen and that of the Uncle Toms of romance. He can find a Haley in the feudal landlords of his native soil, and many a Lagree in the agents of their estates, or, still more frequently, in the military tyrants whom these latter days have produced in such numbers. He can readily apply to his own case the piteons prayer for justice that Mrs. Stowe utters on behalf of her black protéegs. Instances are not wanting to remind him that, however fanciful her pictures of negro life, the miseries of a Casey and the brutality of a Sam- bo, are not without precedent in European his- tory. Hence the thrilling interest he discovers in the narrative. It is to him a burning appeal on behalf of the oppressed throughout the globe. His own case—that of his friends and fellow- countrymen—are plainly depicted. The negro disgnise does not delude him for an Instant. Those rights which Mra. Stowe claims in such powerful language for the negroes he has heen vainly struggling for a century or more to con- quer for himself. Every noble impulse which she implants in the hearts of her impossible mode) black men has long since taken firm root in his own. Each atified threat which escapes from the lips of a George has been audibly muttered time after time by himself. English- men’s hearts burn with fury when the suffer- ings of their own seamstresses are vividly @elimeated in the characters of Cassy and Eliza. Many « Frenchman has felt, with George, that he was born to better things than serfllom. Ger- mans, Hungarians, Italians, know that, what- ever be the condition of the American negroes, they are themselves but slaves, and that on God’s earth they are entitled to be free. That an earnest appeal for liberty and equal- ity for all men, most skilfully embodied in a dramatic form, should find two millions of read- ers among the one hundred and fifty millions of enslaved white men. in Europe, can excite no surprise. Indeed, when we bear in mind that the present laws of continental Europe prohibit the dissemination of such sentiments in a direct form, we might almost wonder that a book which answers the secret cravings of men’s hearts, without arousing the fears of their ty. rants, should not have obtained a still wider popularity. Uncle Tom has his mission in Europe, and most conscientiously is he fulfilling it. Figaro, efficient as he was, could not compare with him for an instant. For one who imbibed notions of freedom from Beaumarehais’ stirring vindi- cation of popular rights, twenty will feel their nerves strung and their hearts braced for the coming encounter by the perusal of Uncle Tom. Some such stimulus was needed. Ten, twenty, or thirty years may elapse before the eruption of the vast volcano which must dash all the thrones of Europe to the dust. A whole gene- ration may pass away before freedom and equal rights are conquered by the one hundred and fifty millions of white slaves who inhabit the continent of Europe. But come it must. The battle must be fought. The antagonistic prin- ciples of democracy and oligarchy must meet face to face, and one only leave the field. When that fearful struggle does take place, philoso- phers and historians will note with careful ac- curacy that the notions of freedom which im- pelled the champions of the popular cause to the conflict had been in a great measure imbibed from the perusal of a romance by an American woman. Her immediate purpose will, inall hu- man probability, remain unfulfilled. Planters at the South may continue to employ slave labor, and happiness and contentment may still pervade the negro population, in spite of the insidious attempts of abolitionist incendiaries. But she will have contributed largely to accomplish a work of far greater importance. The aristo- crats of England and Europe, who fancy they are dealing a desperate blow at our institutions by their patronage of Uncle Tom, will discover when it is too late that they themselves are the Lagrees and the Haleys upon whom retri- bution must fall. ‘The Horse Trade of New York—Interesting Facts and Statistics—Horse Racing, Horse Dealing, &ec., &e. We have devoted a large portion of ourspace to-day to a valuable article on the horse trade of New York. The statistics presented therein will doubtless excite the surprise of many who are not conversant with the subject. It is the first time, we believe, that anything of the kind has ever been published, and we have no doubt it will be found interesting to o large class of our readers. The subjec: is an extensive one, necessarily embracing an account of the vari- ous occupations in which horse labor is employ- ed. This must be our exeuse for the great length of the article. But, as will be seen, it is not confined to the dull, dry cetails of statistics, the object being to make it a matter of general interest to all who are either directly or indi rectly dependent upon the labor of the horse for a subsistence, and to those also who value his services only by his performances on the turf. We find the number of horses at present in the city is 22,540, and their value $2,495,000. The number in 1825 was 5.634, when the population of New York was 166,086. This gave a proportion of one horse to every thirty inhabitants, while the proportion at present is one to every twenty-three, showing a large in- crease. This proves that the application of steam to machinery and the different mechani- cal inventions which have since been made have not had the effect either of diminishing the value of horse labor, or reducing the num- ber, as they might naturally be supposed to have done. One reason tor this is probably to be found in the wonderful increase in the size of the city bringing the horse into greater requisition. We have estimated the number of men who aredlirectly dependent upon the labor of their horses for a subsistance at 12.710, but there are thousands, of whom no calculation can be made, who rely more or less upon them in the transaction of their daily busi- ness, for no inventions have yet been dis- covered in science by means of which we can dispense with their services. The trade in horses is among the most prefit- able pursuits in which a man can engage; but to be successful he must possess no ordinary degree of skill and experience. We do not mean to reflect on horse dealers in general, when we say that the shrewdness of some of them is closely allied to what in common par- lance is known as cheating. Their ideas of morality are not governed by conscientious scruples; and if they can dispose of a broken- down horse worth about twenty dollars for a hundred, they consider themselves entitled to no little credit for their business tact. “They never cheat—they only take advantage.” that is all. Sam Lover, we think it is, who tells the following capital story, illustrative of the tricks of horse dealers :—A jockey had disposed ofa horse for three or four times its value, to a no- vice in the business, representing him to be a “erack” animal, possessing both speed and bot- tom, two very essential requisites, as all horse dealers are aware. He so praised the few good points of the animal, and concealed his many bad ones, that the purchaser believed he was particularly fortunate in procuring such an ex- cellent horse, and congratulated himself on the capital bargain he had made. He was not long in possession of his treasure, however, before he discovered that he had heen swindled, and that the animal was hardly worth his feed. Annoyed at being duped in this manner, he ap- peared’ before the knowing jockey with his horse, accused him of swindling, and demanded that the money should be returned. “ Why. what is the matter with the horse?” said the dealer, with the most imperturbable coolness, “Matter!” said the enraged dupe; * why the | horse is not worth one-fourth of what I paid for him. You told me he had no faults; but I find | he has not a single good quality. He is spa- | vined, his teeth are broken,.and he is blind of | an eye.” “Well, I told you, when you bought him,” replied the dealer, “ that he had no faulte ; and neither he has. He may be blind of an eye; but that’s not bis fault—it’s his misfortune.” Horse racing dates as far back as the earliest periods of the Greek republics; and history tells us that the prize of the successful charioteer was considered hardly inferior to the honors achieved by the victorious general on the field of battle. Even in our day horse racing is pur- sued by certain classes as the only pleasure worth living for. Men who are ignorant of everything else can give the most accurate in- formation in relation to the breed of a favorite horse, and really believe that beyond the limits of the sporting world there is nothing worth knowing. It is on the raee course where such men are in their element—betting on the speed ot the animals engaged in the exciting contest, and so absorbed in it that they appear to be lost to a sense of everything else. Nor is this feeling of deep interest to be wondered at, for we know of nothing which is so calculated to arouse the dormant energies as a well contest- ‘ed steeple chase or trotting match. Many of our readers doubtless remember the intense ex- citement which extended over the whole country at the time of the great race between Fashion and Boston for twenty thousand dollars aside. Sage members of Congress forgot for a while the perplexing cares of State, and hasten- ed to see the contest between the rival racers, the issue of which was to terminate forever the long disputed question between the North and South as to which produced the best running horses. The bench and the bar threw aside for once their wise looks and grave demeanor, and allowed themselves to be carried away by the prevailing enthusiasm. Every condition of life was represented on the course, from the highest dignitaries of State to the poorest and humblest citizen—all as deeply interested in the race as if each had some important interest atstake. When the result was made known nothing could exceed the rejoicing with which it was received by the North. although the race was so admirably contested that there was very little cause for boasting. Within the last few years a great change has taken place in the public mind in this particular; a horse race now attracts very little attention outside of sporting circles, and the announcement of a trotting match has little or no interest for any one ex- cept the patrong of the course. Whether this is a cause for regret we must leave for others to say, but there is no denying it to be a fact. The substitution of trotting for racing has been productive of such beneficial results that there are very few, even among sporting characters, who would desire to re-establish the old order of things in this respect. Toit we may justly attribute our excellent breed of trotting horses, which are said to be superior to any in the world. Lady Suffolk, Mac. and a long list of others we could name, have not their equals in England. where the breeding of horses has been brought to the highest state of perfettion. There is another class of horses which we must not omit to mention—those used in the circus. The exquisite grace of some of these animals, and their wonderful sagacity, have afforded no ordinary pleasure to thousands of spectators. They have been made to dance cotillons, to waltz, and perform an innumerable variety of tricks. which exhibit a degree of in- telligence amounting almost to reason. Napo- leon. Barry O’Meara tells us, in his «Voice from St. Helena.” was strongly impressed with the belief that horses were rational animals; and they certainly appear to have more common sense than many human beings. They have occupied many high positions in the State, if we may credit what history relates of them. Caligula, when he assumed the rank of a deity, and had his statue placed among those of the heathen gods, elevated his horse Incitatue to the priesthood. and one of the ancient kings of Persia, we are told, was raised to the throne by the neighing of his horse. Many anecdotes might be related to show the important parts he has played in the his- tory of man; but his real worth can only be estimated by the value of his services in the various occupations in which he is employed. We have endeavored to do this in our account of the Horse Trade of New York, leaving our readers to judge how far we have heen suc- ceseful. IsteREsTiNG ConTRBcTion TO THE New York Exuspition.—It will be in the recollection, per- haps, of many of our readers, that some time ago we announced the fact that among the British contributors to the Exhibition at Reservoir square would be one of peculiar interest. name- ly. a piece of work from the aged fingers of Burns’ surviving sister. We have now the gratification to state that the contribution has already arrived. and is at present in our pos- session. Its simplicity will rather add to than diminish the interest which it is‘calculated to excite. It consists of a plain pair of white lambs wool socks, man’s size, and ribbed to the heels. There is nothing peculiar in the style or texture. but it needed no ornamentation to render it an object ofsurpassing attention. The fact that itisa contribution expressly prepared by the venerable sister of Scotia's bard, will endow it with an interest which all the works ofart in the Exhibition will not be able to rival. Mrs. Begg, the worker of it, is now an old lady, in her eighty-second year. residing in the ancient townof Ayr, in Scotland, and it was a pious and sisterly thought of her thus to send to the New World a memento which will awal@n many a pleasing reminiscence of Scottish melody inthe minds of those who look on it. The packet reached us some days ago by the steamship Arabia, from Liverpool. It bore the following direction :— ecocoessoscocscosooososeocs eso o oO o TO JAMES GORDON BENNETT, ESQ. ° ed New Yor« Hernan. ¢ 4 “For tHe Grand Exurnrrron.” be To rng Cane or Carr. Junkins, . o Commodore Commandant of the ° o Royal A. 8. N. Company’s ship Arabia, 0 o Liverpool. o ° Socecosoccoooscosccceces The following communication accompanied the interesting contribution:— Ayr, April 5, 1853. My Dear BennetT— P x Agreeably with my promise, I send you a pair of socks knit by tue venerable Mrs. Begg, the sole sur- viving sister of Burns, in_ her eighty-second year. If you think them worthy of a place in your Grand , Exhibition, well and good; and if sold eventually, dispose of the proceeds as you think fit. J red one sceptical of the above fact can easily gain proof of it by writing to herself, at Bridge House, by ‘Ayr. Yours, very traly, K. In compliance with the wishes of the sender, we will hand the article to Mr. Sedgwick, pre- sident of the Crystal Palace Association, who, we are sure, will give it « conspicuous place in the Exhibition. There is no doubt but the me- mento will be highly prized here; and, if sold, we will take much pleasure in devoting the proceeds to the benefit of some charitable insti- tution. The Health Department of eur City—Im- portant Sanitary Movements, The defective organization of the health de- of our city has long been the cause of just complaint. Various efforts have been made, at different times, to remedy the grie- vances; but all have successively failed—whe- ther from inefficiency of means, or the neglect and carelessness of the officials intrusted with their execution, it is not necessary now to say— perhaps the failure is attributable to both these causes. A little more than a year ago, it will be remembered, the City Inspector’s office un- derwent a complete overhauling, and about twenty of his assistants, whose chief duty con- sisted in investigating the condition of the city, and reporting at regular intervals, were dis- charged. Since that time we believe nothing effectual has been done towards reorganizing the health department on a proper basis, if we except the late act of the Common Council creating two bureaus, at the instance of the new City Inspector. Dr. Downing. This movement augurs favorably for the future; and if followed out to its legitimate results, New York must eventually become the healthiest city on the continent, Its situation, between two rivers, and the freshening breezes which sweep over it from the expansive waters of our bay, purify the atmosphere, and render it—or we should say ought to render it—peculiarly healthy. So far as its natural advantages are concerned. there is no reason why. instead of being among the most unhealthy, it should not be more exempt from epidemic diseases than any other city inthe United States. But the in- difference and carelessness of our authorities have hitherto rendered these advantages of little avail, and New York. as our bills of mortality have too elearly proved, may be classed as one of the most unhealthy cities in the country. Nor is this to be wondered at, if we look at the sanitary condition of certain localities—Cherry street for instance—where the thoroughfares are strewed with putrid animal and vegetable matter, the effluvia from which is sufficient to create distempers of the most fatal character. The interior of the dwellings is on a par with the appearance of the exterior. The floors are in a half decayed condition—the walls threaten every inoment to topple down upon the heads of the devoted inmates, while the roofs are in such a dilapidated state as to afford but a miserable shelter from the rain. This is not an exaggerated picture of many of the wretched abodes in the poorest localities ; and can we wonder, while contemplating it, that our week- ly mortality is often increased to a fearful and alarming extent. The present City Inspector has commenced the work of reform by the organization of two new bureaus—one for the registry of births, marriages and deaths, to be called the Bureau of Records and Statistics; and the other for the inspection of the sanitary condition of the city, and abatement of nuisances detrimental to the public health, entitled the Bureau of Sani- tary Inspection. With the assistance of these he expects to be able to effect a thorough pur- gation of the most unhealthy localities. Every house will be inspected by his deputies, who are required to report. at certain periods, toa Super- intendent of Sanitary Inspection. The most minute particulars must be noted and presented through him to the City Inspector—the size of the house, the number of stories, rooms, inmates, system of ventilation, and the condition of the yards. There is one very important matter, for which we believe no provision has been made, and to which we direct the particular attention of the City Inspector. We should like to know what is to be done for that numerous class who live in damp cellars, and who are exposed dur- ing the intense heat of summer to the most malignant fevers. Can that officer prevent the letting of such dens for human habitations? Can he indict a landlord for culpable careless- ness in allowing his house to become unhealthy for want of proper repairs? In a word, is that uncleanliness which produces disease a punisha- ble offence? These are questions which we should like to have answered. It is utterly im- possible in some cases, we know, for the poor to preserve their health, no matter how cleanly they may be in their habits and regular in their manner of living. The City Inspector will find that he has entered upon a Herculean task if he intends to carry out to their fullest extent the reforms he has commenced. In the new order of arrangements in his department there is one feature deserving of particular notice. It is his purpose, we are informed, to open a correspon- dence with the health departments of the differ- ent cities of Europe and the United States. in relation to their sanitary regulations. By this means he expects to be put in possession of much valuable information, which may here- | after be useful to him in the treatment of the important interests intrusted to his care. If this correspondence can be continued with that regularity which should characterize all mat- ters connected with the City Inspector’s office, we have no doubt whatever that it will be pro- ductive of the most beneficial effects on the sanitary condition of our city. Tur TREATY BETWEEN THE UntTEp Sratrs axp San Sarvapor.—We publish elsewhere in our columns to-day an abstract of the general treaty of amity, navigation and commerce, con- eluded ang@signed in the city of Leon, on the second of January, 1850, by Mr. E. G. Squier on behalfof the United States. and Don Augus- tin Morales of the republic of San Salvador. This treaty was celebrated under the auspices of General Taylor’s presidency; but the subse- quent administration of President Fillmore re- fused to carry it out or ratify it, but held it back from presentation to the Senate. probably froma sentiment of wishing to avoid giving offence to England. The active administration of Gen. Pierce has, however, been worthily inaugurated by the taking up of this Squier treaty and submit- ting it to the consideration of the Senate of the United States, by which body it was ratilied. And on the 18th instant it was publicly proclaimed as an operative treaty, under the signature and geal of the President, counter- signed by the Seerctary of State. This action indicates pretty plainly the independent and fearless course of policy which may be looked for from the present administration in respect to Central American affairs. The principle oa whieh this course is shaped is the simple one of entire freedom from entangling alliances with England or any other European power. Now that this matter is disposed of, and that Mr. Solon Borland has accepted the mission to Con- tral Amc , we would wish to see the Nica- ragua treaty arranged, It, too was managed ly Mr. Squier. and waa kept back from the same motives as rded the retification of the San Salvador one. Let us have it also submitted to the Senate for ratification, The steamer Oregon will make regular week) trips be tween Bevansah bad Auguste after Ist of May, : RARER STIS I ESIS DA ES ERIS SED ST IE SS ST SOS DTD I EE SDE SET TEES ASI SA SE A EE OOS Affairs of the Courts. The case of the extradition of Thomas Kaine, olaimed by the British government aa & fugitive from justice, and recently argued for the second time, will be decided by’ Chief Justice Nelson, in the United States Circuit Court, to-morrow, Tuesday morsing. Till then these who sym- pathise with the accused, and those who desire the ful- filment* of the act of treaty, must remain in- suse- pense as to the decision of the Court. have no doubt that the courtesy which the members of the prems met with at all times from Mr. Prescott HalP will be extended to us under the present regimé. ‘The Oyer and Terminer will sit to-day, but we under- stand that Fitegerald and Nearey, the men condemned: for the murder of their wives, will not be sentenced untib Sat. rday next. ———_—_———_ Crystal Patact.—Mopg, Potice.—Among the many curiosities to be shown at .the Crystal Palace this sea- son, the publie are gratified with the exhibition of a model police, who are intended to be uniformed, armed, and equipped, under the direction and inspection of Mayor Westervelt and Chief Matsell. We understand that fifty able-bodied men, of good appearance, will be selected, under the command of lieutenants and sergeants, é la ‘militaire, who will receive their orders from the Mayor and Chief ef Police. The uniform of these men will possibly consist of a blue coat and bright buttons and black belt, astar, with “Crystal Palace Police” written thereon, and a cap or hat, with a band, bearing the same inserip- tion, With this force of police, the Mayor intends to give the publio an idea of the uniform system about to be adopted by the police department of the city; and. should the experiment prove satisfactory, a uniform wil} be chosen for patrolmen, whereby they can always be de- signated by the citizens who are in want of their aid, The great objection now is, that the star can be easily covered from sight. It is to rectify that difficulty that: some more prominent dress or emblem will be chases, ‘The recent act of the Legislature gives the selection ofithe- Crystal Palace Police to the Mayor or Chief of Palice, and awards them, for the time being, all the powers of policemen, only they are paid by the Crystal Palace com- pany, instead of the Father Gavazzi and the Jesuits. THE LECTURE ON SATURDAY NIGHT AT THE METRO- POLITAN HALL, The audience at Metropolitan Hall was on Saturday evening more numerous than on the previous night. The orator announced that he would give,on Tuesday and Friday next, at the Broadway Tabernacle, two free lec- tures, specially for the industrial classes and for the Irishmen. Here Father Gavarzi mentioned that he had been wrongly represented in the public press by jesuitica writers, as having spoken against the Irish. This ho denied, as all his sympathies were for this down-trodden people. Next he informed his hearers that the proceeds of the lecture of Thursday next will be given tothe eighty Italian exiles who were transported to NewYork by ® Sardinian man of- war. He had not a word to sayin oppo- sition to that government, which, by circumstances, has been obliged to send away these patriots. Father Gavazzi partook the same opinions as the Piedmontese authori- ties, who would not ruin fifty thousand refugees for eighty of the Mazzinian school. ‘The subject of my lecture for this evening, said Father Gavazzi, will be the Jesuits. (Applanse.) I respect every individual, but I attack most mercilesaly the system and the whole company of Loyola. That ina private in- dividual we find some good qualities I do not question; but as soon as your take them all as Jesuits, you will find that terrible sect fatal to persons, to societies, and to governments. Suppose a party of friends goon a pic- nic, all the invited carrying with them some good and choice victual, others taking sweet and dolicate beve- rages, and all these excellent things should be thrown intoa large kettle, this mixture would become a most. disgusting dish. This ia the case with the Jesuits. Under the garb of seints they deceive the world, and the great remark of Christ becomes verified when he says that they are “Whited sepulchres, but full of putri- faction and bones.” If this voice should say to this society, break that wall, we would see what was witnessed by the citizens of Montepolciano at the begin- ning of the Jesuits’ era, and what the Itslian crusaders saw when, in 1848, they entered the college of the Jeaults in Modena, viz.: the seandatous love correspondence of the holy children of Seint Ignatius Loyola with their female penitent. And this is enough of the :o-called morals of the Jesuits. Rut the greatest merit.of a.mem- ber of the company of Jesus for bigots is their prssive obedience, as one cannot he consi & good Jesuit unless: he ceases to be a man. Ss Is this the virtue which may please Gody No, no! God’ created man for honest liberty ; when ho renounces willingly that gift he is no more than.a miserable slave, without merit and without praise. Human intelligence and reason is the greatest work of God, and when man surrenders the ight of feasoning he repudiates the work of his Creator, and disp! * him. fhis jesuitical submission man become a brute. You'ean drive your horses when and where you please, becanse they are animals ; but I know not what virtue there is in the obedience of the Jesuits. The paid ermies are callea brutal forces m the hands of their conductors, and .cften cespots use these armies to oppress their people. Se, when. popery. a ted to en- ain a Christian nation, it let loose the brutal army of the Jesuits, and, with the most impudent they have pnt on their beniter, in the uct of tenomplaig such a diabolical work—“ To the greatest glory of God. GApplaure). It is said that they are necessary to the urch, because without them the Church of Christ could not subsist. The primitive Church of Christ; had it any support from Jesuits to defend ber against persecution? No! (Cheers). Then the Church can sub- sist also in ourdays without the help of this infernal sect. ‘The bigots say that times have changed. .No, say rather that the Church itself has changed, as it is no more the house of Ged, but the temple of the Pope. There isa fact, which I acknowledge to be true, that without the Jesuits the papal Church in our day could not exist . These hon- h— modern saints are the true grenadiers and. of or of papacy, But this sect hi as been futal to the Churc ‘o its worship, morality, si ity dogmas of true Christianity.’ Here Father Gavazd gavea faithful and interesting description of all the new superstitions and ceremonies introduced by the Jesuits into the wor- ship of the Christiam religion. He spoke fully, and with facts, of the morals. corrupted phone doctrines of the Jesuits, as mental reservation, false- hood, perjury, murder, quietism, , and sof that most devilish invention, “the end justifies the means,’? so that all crimes are sanctioned through the confessional and from the pulpit. The Jesuits are fatal to the gospel as their great final object is to prevent the baogtes 8 Bible and to destroy Protes jesuits in this attempt. strated the atts employed by the He also ¢xvlained to the Americans the mission of fomale Jesuits. Beware, Protestants, he exclaimed, beeause what Jesuits cannot obtain of themselves they: will through the Sisters of Mercy, of the Sacred Heart.of Charity, and of other denominations. These female Je- suits, under the pretext of- teaching children, assisting the poor.and the. sick, knock at every door, enter every house, and with. bold persistance try to disseminate paj doctrines in the minds of }otestants. Beheld here the Eves who will cause the fall of Protestantism and true Christidnity. No; America does not want their charities or docttines, You have plenty of wise, intelligent, pure, and Christian American women, who ‘will, without the assistance of Jesuits, teach the children, and assist those who are in want. But the Jesuits are also fatal to society, and, asa proof, I'atber Gavaazi spoke of the pub- lic schools, and gave, as evidence of his opinion, the re- cent persecutions of the clergy in Belgium, France, and Austria, where they succeeded in expelling from the Universities and schools all the mcst learned fersors, and even attempted to substitute the works of Pellarraino, Segreri, and of other Jesuit writers, to Cicero, Cesar, Virgilus, ke —and here lies the danger ‘of America. In the United States, the Catholics a few years e very well satisfied to send their children to the hools; aftersards they asked to have their own now, beets the voice of foreign Jesuits, they m dividing the income which the States apply to public education, without distinction of birth or religion; and if thoy succeed, you will have here same trouble which has been caused to the English ern- ment by the establishment ef the Maynooth College. But in order that American citizens should know better, and how fatal it is for them to have Jesuits in their country, let them learn somo lessons from the de- fenders of the company,as De Maistre, and Craitineau Toli, who wrote that during the first French Revolution not a tingle pupilof the Jesuits took up arms for estab- lishing the republic. The conclusion is, that ifduring your noble struggle for indopender ce, while your fathers were led to battle by the iinmortal Washing! ,, you had had in your country as many legions of Jesuits as at the pievent time riot a young Awecican of that schoo! world ave marched agate the enemy. and you could never have established such a glorious republic as you enjoy at present. Remember, also, that the Jesuits love money; thelr great alm is {o make money, with which they @- tablish their police allover Christeudom. The Italian re- former illustrated this part of his lecture by recent events in Italy, as practised by Jesuits; he de- onstrated, 0, how Jesuits, in short dress, served faithfully this object, and at this point he introduced to the audience, ia a most natural and comie manner, #nimaginury Tom ‘Thumb, with large boots a whip in his hand and spectacles on his nose, of Spanish origin, but speaking French. This personified little apecimen, was under tood t0 repreveut the editor of « city paper, who last week published a atyong article againat the lecturer. Father Gavazzi pretended being a:ked by an iasignid- { Tom Thum) why he was so enraged against tho neb, aud replied- Pecaure, my little seribbler, I was in Rome in 1849, and raw two thourand of iny It\lian brethren wounded, mutilated, and slain by your Frenea soldiers’? “Have you vo sympathies for the Freneh ?” says the itor. . for the majority of the population, who have he expedition against Rome:”’ “Do you not rer pect Layis Napoleon, my master?" “No,” replies the indigouvt Italian, “because he stchered iny brethren wud betrayed the hopes of a na- I did nt solicit, as many French editors do, the. decoration of the Legion of Honor. I respect the minori- ty of the French people, who. like Quinet, call France the. ‘Assassin of Italy,’ ? and here Father Gavazsi puts under the nose of the liltle writer the dedieation of said work. i Father Gavazzi then feigns having the Tom Thumb editor