The New York Herald Newspaper, April 14, 1853, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. errs JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR. OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS cash in ddouw¢, q JAdh Y Bb KAS em. Fis WHE RB! cnt Se Be per copy, oF $3 per annum ; ‘the i Edition, Y4 per * ganum, loany ne of Great Britain, and $ to any part of OLUNTS SDENCE, containing impor- bath # 0 include the VOLUNTARY CORRESPOS tant news, solte® od from any quarter of the world; if used, will be liberally paid for. gr Our ForeiGy Conn rspon- DENTS ANE 17 NTICULARLY RYQUESTED TO SEAL ALL Ler- FERS AND 4 CKAGES SENT US. : NO Ni E of anonymous communications. We do not return ti ted. SIL TR TEES by mail, for Subsbriptions, or with Adver- semen, to be port paid, oF the postage wilt be deducted from MOGRYORINTING executed with neatnens, cheapness, and a GS Ee T1sEMENTS renewed every day, ‘Weiume XVIII -No. 103, AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. Bowery. -Gitprrov—Revouv- INGER BOWERY THEATRE woR—ILLUeTRioUs ST) BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Jack Cape— Twas T SBURTON’S THRATRE, Chambers street-Green Even Mowstzx—Poor Piniicoppy—Bracx Evxp Susan. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street - Down Graz or Guxoa—Naw Youx Fikewan—Nick oy THE Woors. WALLACR’S THEATRE, Broadway—A Cue vor THe Hxakrachs~Par or tux Persreoars. MERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon—Srarer Sronrt—Ro- maw Brorwens Domestic Economy, Evening -Yourc Wivow—Rowan BRorHeRs—Your Lir's 1x DANGER. ST. CHARLES THEATRE, Sowery—Tuentss—Evacecn Wuser—A Kivs in THE Dank. CHRISTY'S OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broaéway—Ermorran Mevouirs By Cunisty’s Ovens TRrouPe. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Mustonl Hall, 444 Bread- way—Ersiorsan Miner Hezsy. CIROUS, 37 Bowory—Equestrran ENTERTAINMENTS, GBORAWMA, 586 Brosdway—Banvany’s Panorama or wu How Lanv. HOPE CHAPEL—Dnr. Vaventive’s Evenince or Ec- eurrnicery. BELLER’S SOMREES MYSTERIEUSES, 539 Broadway. OWEN’S ALPINE RAMBLES, 539 Broadway. ‘Wew Werk, Thursday, April 14, 1853. The News. The ehigf features of the news from Albany have been adverted to in the leading editorial article, but we also p¥blish much other intelligence of general interest, to which it may not be improper to direct the attention of the reader, viz.:—Full Details of Mr. Howard’s anti-Mock Auction Law ; the Common Schoo! Law; the Ecclesiastical Bill; the Immedi- ate Wants of the Canals; the Coalition in the Legielatere; Decisions in the (ourt of Ap- peals, &c. Our special correspondent remarks that, notwithstanding the proclamation of the Governor, ‘convening an extra session of the Legislature, several members :of both houses were preparing ‘to return to their homes last night, An impression prevailed that, after meeting this morning, a ‘teeess would be taken, to enable the members to'visit their families. Phe corn-planting gcaeon is ctose at hand, and the delegates from the rural distriets are doubtless anxious about the prepa- ration of their.land forthe seed. Prior to the ad- journment, -the Assembly committee charged with the investigation of canal frauds, eonsisting of three democrats and two whigs, presented a resolution unanimously impeaching Canal .Commissioner John 4. Mather; whereupon the Assembly notified the Senate that proceedings for impeachment had been commenced. We learn from Washington that the President, having got md of the Senate, and nearly all the politicians, .is turning his attention to the aspect of our foreign relations. Our special correspondent writes thatthe recent occurrences .at San Juan, in «which Capt. Hollins acted a conspicuous part, have undergone lengthy discussion in .the cabjnet during rthe past two days, but, as yet, no determination has ‘been arrived at. Rumors are current that a differ- ence of opinion exists among the Presidential ad- visers, which may cause difficulty; however, it is certain that Gen. Pieree himself will insist upon a Aime of policy that will effectually place this govern- ment upon.a proper basis with regard to Central Awerican affairs—one that will not countenance the interference of Great Britain, or any other European power, with our. own arrangements in ‘that quarter. Mr. Buchanan ,is said to have been consulted on this very subject. There is great perturbation among the clerks in Washington. Several of those in the Pension Office, on repairing to. their desks yesterday morning, found thereon neatly falded printed documents, notifying | them that their services were no longer required, Others anticipate .being similarly treated to-day. The law re-organizing the departments, by classi- fying the salaries of the clerks, it is understood, will cause the reissuing of all the commissions at the olose of the fiscal.year, the 30th of June. A whole- eale sweep will then be made, but those in good standing, morally and politically, will of course be reinstated. Secretary Guthrie is reported to hare notified his auditors that they will oblige him by not filling any more clerksbips with New Yorkers. The patronage emanating from the Custom House, it seems, is deemed a sufficient share of the spoils for the Empire democracy. Secretary McClelland is dangerously ill in Wash- ington. The steamship Union, Captain Phillips, which arrived at-this port last night, brought us news from Kingston, Jamaica, up to the Sth instant. A per- fect political fever seemed to .exist upon the island, | in consequence of the rejection, hy the Council, of a retrenchment bil! passed by the Honorable the House of Assembly. A great constitutional right | appeared to be involved, and speculation was rife as to the issue. A Judge had been committed to jail, and the editor of a newspaper.called te the bar of the House for writing comments upon the subject. The yellow fever had appeared amongst the ship- ping, and raged to a considerable extent. The mar- kets were dull, owing to the unsettled relations ex- isting between the executive and representative branches of the government. The Union brings about a quarter of a million of gold. She had three deaths on board during the passage. Fall details of the political and commercial intelligence from Ja- maica, including a letter from our special correapon- dent, will he found elsewhere, ‘The bil) to indemnify the sufferers by the destruc- tion of the Ursuline Convent, by a mob, some twenty years ago, has been defeated in the lower branch of the Massachusetts Legislature. Prior to the rasing of this convent no law existed in Massachusetts whereby sufferers could recover damages for the acts of a mob, but shortly thereafter a bill was passed by the Legislatuye to remedy the defect. Being unable to obtain a redress of their grievances under this act, which went into operation after the riot, the com- plainants have since that time been vainly petition- ing the State Legislature for relief. The Canadian Assembly yesterday adopted the bill making various alterations in the tariff, by which, among other things, goods that ascend the St. Law- rence canal will pass the Welland canal free of duty, and vice versa. The duties on certain descriptions of goods are also materially reduced. A bill bas been passed by the popular branch of the Pennsylvania Legislature increasing the capital stock of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad to two mil- lions of dollars. The increased receipts of cotton over those of last year at'this date, at all the Southern ports, is wet down at three hundred and forty-nine thousand bales, | The New Orleans market was firm on Tuesday at fore a large audience. He described with great pencil the horrors of that institution, and called upon the Protestants of America to unite together to prevent its establishment in this country, which he believed might very probably occur, from the growth of Catholicism throughout the United States. In the Board of Aldermen, last evening, a debate arose on the Comptroller’s power to appropriate a pier, in the course of which a good deal of acrimo” nious feeling was exhibited towards that officer. His communication was ultimately referred back, for insufficiency. A resolution to replace the pavement taken up for the Second Avenue Railroad, was re- ferred to the Strect Committee. The Board ad- journed till Friday evening next. The Board of Assistant Aldermen met last evening, and transacted a large amount cf ordinary routine business. The Board concurred with the Aldermen in passing an ordinance for the improvement of ‘Fourth avenue, from Thirty-fourth to Fortieth street, and laying out parks thereon, the parks to run upon the top of the tunnel. A donation of five thousand dollars was awarded to the Demilt Dispensary. The Board adjourned until Friday evening. The steamships Washington and America are both overdue, with later European intelligence—the former at this port, and the lateer at Halifax. Owing to the repeated breaking of the telegraph wires, we have been unable to communicate with Halifax eimce four o'clock yesterday efternoon, at which time the America had not been signalized. She is now in her tweifth day out from Liverpool. Onur columns to-day contain a variety of interest- ing and important articles, to which the continued extraordinary influx of advertisements do net leave us room particularly to refer. See the insiée for one page of reailing matter and three of advertisements. Adfjournment of the Legislature. The Legislature of New York adjourned yes- terday, the 13th inst., which was the day fixed by resolution; but owing to the pressure of un- finished important measures, an unsuccessful attempt was made to hold over another day. The constitution prohibits members from re- ceiving more than three hundred dollars each, for services for a single session, besides allow- ance for travelling expenses. The pay being three dollars per day, each session is considered as limited to one hundred days, including Sun- days. The late session commenced on the 3d of January, and includes eighty-five working days and fifteen Sundays. This Legislature has not been remarkable for talents, but comprised among its members many active business men, who have shown a disposition to pass such acts as were called for by the people of the State. The Canal ques- tion has been the most absorbing one of the ses- sion; and being, also, a measure on which there was great difference of opinion, much time has been wasted in discussion on direct and inci- dental points connected with the various plans proposed. The result, as will be seen in the closing proceedings of both houses, was that nothing effectual was done, and this important matter goes over to another session. In addition to a large number of bills relating to local interests, which have been passed, are several general laws of importance, among which we may mention the act to consolidate certain railroad corporations, by which the rail- roads from Adjbany to Buffalo will probably be brought under the centrol of one company. This process has been extensively adopted in the railroad system in England. Another gene- ral act of importance authorizes the formation of corporations for the erection of buildings. This act may prove beneficial, if it does not lead to too much facility for speculations in real estate. The general law for ineorporation of ocean steamship companies has been amended; and we believe a general law for the formation of libraries has been passed. Much important legislation has taken place relative to the city of New York, among which is the bill providing for a new city charter, as | asked for by the friends of reform. This bill we have already published. The new police law, making important changes in this department, we have also noticed. The new school law wit attract the attention of the friends of our common schools in this city. It extinguishes the Public School Society, which has managed a portion | of our city free schools for nearly half a | century ; and merges the whole of the common schools of the city in one system, viz., the ward schools; and also transfers the property of the public schools to the city. The bill to suppress mock auctions, it is believed, will prove effectual to put down that long crying abuse, from which simple countrymen have suf- | fered so much. The New York Corn Exchange has received an act of incorporation, and the Staten Island Railroad Company is authorized to own and run steam ferry boats. The bill authorizing the purchase of Jones’s Woods for a city park failed in the Senate. The attempt to take over one hundred thou- sand dollars from the School Fund to pay for Stryker’s Register (a magazine of miscella- neous statistics), which attempt we exposed in the Hrratp, did not succeed. The bill passed the Senate, but was rejected in the Assembly. Some editors, who claim to be the special guar- dians of the School Fund, neglected to notice this outrageous attempt to take the people’s money appropriated for libraries, to pay for a comparatively useless book. The Speaker of the Assembly, William H. Ludlow, is the first representative from Suffolk county who has ever been elected to that sta- tion. We believe he bas discharged the duties of Speaker so as to give general satisfaction. The failure of the Legislature to perfect several necessary and important measures has compelled the Governor to call an extra ses- sion, in continuation of the regular one, and the two houses will resume business at ten o'clock this morning. The Gold Countries—Value of Labor in Aus tralia and California. The eyes of the needy, the energetic, and the adventurous, in all parts of the world, are now more than ever directed to those countries which in their yield of gold outstrip all the fabulous narratives of the Arabian Nights’ Tales. and in whose realized richness the tra- ditionary Ophir has been completely eclipsed. From England, France, Canada, and the Atlan- tie States of America, the emigration to Aus- tralia and California is immense—almost illi- mjtable. We hear of so many as a hundred vessels advertised at one time to conyey pas- sengers from London. Liverpool, and the other principal English ports, to Melbourne and Syd- ney ; and from New York the movement thither ward and to California is hardly less remark- able, when due allowance is made for the social differences existing between the United States and Great Britain. Those who depart from this the advance in prices noted on the day previous, It is reported that the letter mail which left this | city for Cincinnati on the 25th ult., has not reached its destination. It, is s: pposed to have contained money and drafts tot'e amount of two hundred thousand dollars. @ Father Gavazzi, ist evening, celiv.red his ninth | weolue on the ing us toa, at Metopolitau Ll, be | quarter of the world leave behind them egm- fort, prorperity. independent position. and the enjoyment of that bleesing dearest to the heart of man--civil and religious liberty. Whereas from the British isles the movement takes the character of a precipitate flight, rather than that of a flight to escape fem the imminent } erile of poverty, and systematic emigration—a from the ourse of taxation, landlordism, and aristocratic and priestly oppressiot. To the English, Irish, and Scotch emigrants any change must be a beneficial one. The la- boring classes in those countries—particularly the two latter—always exposed to the dangers of a deprivation of work and consequent starva- tion, find in the Atlantic States of America the aesurance of constant employment in every branch, at rate of remuneration quadruple that which they receive at home; and such as have the means to enable them to under- take a voyage to California or Australia, are enticed by the prospect of acquiring in those auriferous regions a fortune which would have formerly sounded in their ears as partaking of the fabulous. Even in these Atlantic States the allurement to the gold fields is irresistible; and from this port alone the drain of emigrants bound to California and Australia, cannot amount to less than some three or four thou- sand a month, Notwithstanding the incontestible proofs which every homeward bound vessel brings of the mineral wealth of Australia, we have no less the conviction that those who leave the States of America for that country do so with- out well considering the consequences, or weighing their chances of success. The rates of remuneration for labor in California and Austraiia must naturally depend on the pro- ductiveness of the gold fields, since if men be able to earn at the rate of ten or fifteen dollars a day in mining operations, it is not probable that they would be content to pursue other branches of labor in the cities at a remunera- tion of less than one-third that sum. Therefore, when we get data of the rates paid to trades- men, laborers, and farm servants, we have a good test for estimating the average chances at the mines. Such data we get from time to time, as well from Melbourne as from San Francisco, and a selection of some items from the latest prices current of those cities cannot fail to be instrue- tive to all persons intending to emigrate to these countries, as well as interesting to the general reader. For the sake of contrasting their relative attractiveness, we therefore give the following list of the prices which labor of various kinds commanded in those two cities at the period of our latest advices. That for Aus- tralia applies to the month of January, 1853— nearly two years after the first gold discovery— and that for California is for a still later pe- Wages for manand wife for Australia. California, farmwork per ann, be- sides rations. $300 00» 350 00 1,000.0 — Shepherds & fa: 180 00a 20000 600a — House rervts. & waiters.. 200 00a 250 00 600 a 900 00 ‘Tesansters and bullock dri- vers for the roads, per WEEK... cereseccees 15 00a 1800 25a 3000 Seamen for coas:ing ves- eels, per month........ 40 00a — House carpenters, perday 3608 4 Blacksmiths, per day.... 400a 6 Bricklayers and masons per day........ 30a 4 Compositors, 1,000 ems. —--a — Presemen, per day... 300a 3 Female cooks, per ann... 150 00 a 250 00 Houremaids 125 00 a 175 00 Laundresses. Nurremaids By the foregoing list. which may be re- garded as a correct and authentic one, extracted as it is from the newspapers of Melbeurne and San Francisco, our readers will perceive that the rate of wages in California is in every instance greater, and in some triple and quadru- ple that paid for the same species of labor in Australia. The relative cost of living, though subject to great variations from the increase or diminution of importations, may be con sidered as almost equal in Australia and Cali fornia; the advantage. if any, being in favor of the former. An article on the social condition of Australia. taken from the Mclkourne 4rgus, and published in another portion of to-day’s paper, will be found very instructive and inte- resting. From it and from the above table, the public will be able, to form an estimate of the ad- vantages to be hoped for from emigration to either of the gold-producing countries. Novelty now favors Australia, but facts and figures lean heavily on the side of California. Still, itis a somewhat curious anomaly that even from Cali- fornia itself the emigration to the new -gold re- gions has been very considerable ; but we may easily ascribe it to the universally true maxim, that “ Distance lends enchantment to the view, And robes the mountain in its azure hue.” We flatter ourselves, however, that the exposé we have here made, will not be without a bene- ficial effect on the minds of those meditating a departure to the geld countries of the Pacific and that it will lead them to a judicious deter- mination as to the point of their immigration. We make no argument in the political point of view, that being a matter which needs no com- ment or remark from us. If there be per- sons, native or foreign, who feel a peculiar in- clination for the pleasures of colonial rule in preference to the republican institutions of this country. we can only reconcile to ourselves the mental phenomenon on the ground of the old proverb, that “there’s no accounting for tastes.” To both these sections of the globe, the tide of emigration flows in a great and in- creasing volume, and we only echo the general ery when we say, Ho! for the gold regions. Newrort versus Care May—Tur Summer Srason.—The good people of Rhode Island have decided that their summer visiters to Newport shall observe the Maine Liquor law, or take their spiritual refreshments behind the door, down in the cellar, or in their own rooms, at their own risk, whoever may have to pay the piper. The citizens of Newport made a tre- mendous rally to free themselves from the trammels of this hide-bound, eavesdropping old blue light specimen of Puritanical morality; but the “rural districts” were too powerful for the city, and overwhelmed its majority of two hundred for repeal, with an avalanche of a thousand that the Maine law shall stand. The travelling public are thus duly notified that there shall be no liquor imbibed at New- port, save that which may be dispensed by the constituted authorities, in small doses, in the way of medicgine, There rolls the sounding sea, as salt as ever, and the breakers as high of a calm summer's morning. as they were ten, twenty, or a hundred years ago. But that salt water—that cold salt water—must be ab- serbed, yea, the inexperienced swimmer, in a flannel shirt and a pair of tow pantaloons. may he drenched with every breaker—there is no re- lief for him—no mint juleps. no hail storms. no gin slings. no- brandy smashers, no sherry cobblers-—not even a drop ofbald faced whiskey ora glass of lager beer, to qualify or soften the chill of the salt sea brine. If the summer traveller goes to Newport, the law compels him to be a cold water man—cold in the water, cold out of the water; and unless Downing contrives some plan of relief, under cover of the striped pig, or some fy sy in Newport, in the course of the dog-dsys. How many bottles the Igw of Rhode Island allows the stranger to take within the limits of the State, in his trunk, we cannot tell; but we sup- pose that to avoid the surveillance of informants, and the keen scented espionage of the authori- ties, it would be best for all fashionable visiters of our summer resorts, accustomed toa “glass of something,” to give Newpdrt and the State of Rhode Island a wide margin. And why not? Is there nota magnificent beach at Cape May, with plenty of sea room, a full broad sweep at the Atlantic, and plenty of liquor, good, bad, and indifferent, at various prices? Are there not also Long Branch, and Rockaway, and Fairfield, and Glen Cove? And last, though not least, is there not the splendi?, exposure to the winds and the waves of the long, hard, solid peach of Coney J j1and, lined with white breakers, flanked. ‘gy sand hills, and abounding in clams, ¢closa soup, and clam chow- der, to say nothing of an imperial exemption from the restrictions, the pains and penalties of the Maine liquor law? To the old campaigner who has suffered from hard drinking, the re- straints of Newport may be beneficial; but to him who has the discretion of a proper self- control, and is a stickler for the privileges of a free man, the law of Rhode Island will be to a great extent a law of exclusion. The experience of last summer has already ad- monished the Newporters what they may ex- pect the coming season. Root beer and ginger popare arather sorry set-out for visiters on a pleasure excursion. Newportand old port have parted company, and the Maine Liquor law is the only passport through the high and mighty State of Rhode Island. For repealing the Maine law. «. 8,388. Against the repeal 9,386 Majority for the Maine law. 998 —Or lacking but two of a round thousand, that there shall be no liquor drank at Newport. Vi- siters to Newport, respect this! Tur New Governor or New Mextco—New Rarroap Rovre To THE Paciric.—It is some- what remarkable that any man should quit such a position as that ofa Senator of the United States for that of Governor of a territory, and that territory the ring-streaked and striped, pie-bald Spanish-Mexican-Indian-and-Yankee mixed tefritory of New Mexico. Yet Solon Borland. a Senator from Arkansas, deliberately abandons his seat in the Capitol at Washington, to officiate as the executive of a mixed popula- tion of American soldiers, Mexican settlers, half civilized Indians, and cross breeds of all kinds, flanked on all sides by the most ferocious hordes of the most daring savages on the conti- nent. True, he will be the Governor of a ter- ritory larger than the empire of France, full of desert wastes and desert mountains— the wastes as blank and blistering as Sahara--the mountains as bald and desolate as Horeb and Sinai, with the recesses be- tween them swarming with horse, cattle and sheep-stealing Apaches and Jicarillas, while the Camanches keep watch for the unguarded emigrants and caravans over the plains. Very true that Doctor Borland will also have a fair opportunity to realize something in his adobe palace at Santa Fé as a physician, and he may also make something in the way of speculation in the mercantile caravans which pass every summer from St. Louis via Santa Fé to Chihua- hua. There may also be a prospect for pro- fitable enterprise in the silver, gold and copper mines which are supposed to exist in the neigh- boring mountains. But, were it not for these prospective perqui- sites, we should think that Dr. Borland, in quit- ting the United States Senate for the Gover- nor’s mud cabin of New Mexico, had abandoned a post of certain profit and honor for a wild- goose chase. with his eyes wide open. In any view, however, it is the most remarkable of all the curious cases of office-seeking and office- taking that have occurred since the fourth of March. We understand that Doctor Borland wiil go out te assume the duties of his new office at Santa Fé, with a government train, about the first of June, from the frontiers of Arkansas. This train will also probably be accompanied by one of the surveying corps in reference to the proposed Pacific railroad. It is said that Colonel Benton has in view the return of Lieut. Colonel Fremont, to take charge of the most southerly route for this road. No better officer could be appointed, could his services be obtained. But whether the route will be pursued from Albuquerque, over the mountains, to the Great Desert Basin, and thence by or somewhere near that of the Spanish trail to Walker’s Pass, at the south end of the Sierra Nevada mountains; or whether it will strike south from or beyond Paso del Norte, on the Rio Grande, and take Cooke’s wagon route over the champagne country which lies to the southward of the Gila mountains, and consequently within the territories of Mexico, remains yet to be determined. It is, no doubt, by far the most practicable of all the routes, for a comparatively cheap, easy, and quick communication by railroad with the Pa- cific ocean, from our Atlantic borders; but as the passage over the soil of Mexico would re- quire some further annexation, or the right of way by treaty, the selection of this route may be considered problematical. At all events, the journal of Colonel Cooke shows its entire feasibility for a railroad; and the route ought to be further examined. We are informed that Major Borland takes a lively interest in this project of the Pacific railroad, and, in this respect, his appointment to New Mexico may perhaps turn out advan- tageously to him, to the territory, and to the whole country. Let the work go on. Affairs in the Courts. The trial of De Corn, for the murder of Melville, inthe Thirty-Third Congress. |. Father Gavasst on the Inquisition, ‘Me HOSSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Father Gavasai last evening delivered the ninth lecture One hundred and fifty-seven members have been elected | of his course, at Metropolitan “the In to the Thirty-third Congress, Jeaving seventy-seven yet to sition.” Notwithstanding the ofthe <i be chosen. ‘The political, complexion of the members the body and galleries of the en ee emir. which have thus far been elected, {# o¢ follows:—Demo- hee cures cappoorbwesr nea gill erats, 103; whigs, 50; abolitionists, 4. 14 is @ singular fact that the last five States which have elected members of the new Congress, have demoeratic delegations* entire, and that the following nine States have each a COT plete dgmocratic representation :— fornia, Delaware New Hampshire, Flori” . Carclina, ‘ Connectieut, wehigan, Teland. . re ee Vo estat, hea an unbroken whig delege- je owing States have not yet held their Con- grecniona), eections:— Number Mente int th, eB Bwoaran Saw Bll wal ewol SI Scammer Missouri, in consequence of the Legislature not being able to re-district the State in accordance with the new apportionment, in time to meet her late Congressional eleetion, has two additional representatives to elect, which will be done by dividing the State temporarily into two Congressional districts, and electing one member from each side of the Missouri river. If the members to be clected should represent their States in politics the same as in the last Congress, the next House of Represen- tatives will stand, giving each party one of the members to be elected in Missouri, as follows:—Democrats 153, whigs 77, abolitionists 4. Talk on ’Change. Trade wore, in general way, a rather quiet aspect, as merchants were inclined to await the steamer’s news, due at Halifax, ‘The regulations of the Philadelphia mint were referred to. Hereafter the silver found in the California gold is to be paid to the depositors in standard silver; but weniorage of one-half of one per cent will be exacted for the cost of eoinage. It was doubted whether the uw authorizing the establishment of the axsay office ia this city contemplated payment in standard silver for the silver obtained from the refined bars or ingots of gold The gold dust deposited weuld be simply refined, cast into ingots, stamped, and returned to the owner. Was the silver extraeted to be returned in bullion, or paid for in gold or standard silver? The payment for pure silver extracted from gold deposited, in standard silver of nine- tenths fineness, was not a fair equivalent, unless paid for at the rate of $1 21 per ounce, the government price. t How the assay office was to pay for fine silver extracted from California gold, was not very clear. The alloy of silver in California gold, it was said, varied from one to seven per cent, It was stated that great many shifts had been resorted to, in order to render the erection of mint in New York, as far as practicable, unnecessary ; but, in avoiding some difficulties, others had been in- curred. Large quantities of silver were said to be pouring into the mint, and its occupation upon the new silver coinage not only suspended the coinage of three cent pieces, which had been very useful, but would also mate. rially curtail the coinage of gold, which had never beon in excess. It was raid that the mint had given notice that they would not purchase three cent pieces. How could they avoid doing it It would be easy for a peck of three cent pieces to be melte, dwn and gold to the mint in bars, } at the fixed price for the pure silver inthem, provided the premi 1d at noy time become sufficiently high to make i bject ; and hence there was @ possibility that the thr: cent pieces might be ultimately absorbed into the ney standard ‘twenty-five cent or fifty cent pieces, Under any circumstances, the operations of a single mint at Philadelphia could not prove as useful to the public as if assisted by a branch mint in New York. Owing to its inability to carry on at once, and to the full extent, coin- age work in all its departments, silver change would like- ly, for a time, become scarcer than ever, while the supply of small gold coin would decrea:e, ‘The ceniorsge of half per cent for coining gold, would reduce the deposits, because its conversion into bars at the assay office, would only be charged for at the bare cost of the operation, which would probably be under the seniorage of the half of one per cent, and charges for transportation to Philadelphia and back. The charges made by Messrs. Adams & Co., for transporting gold to the Philadelphia mint and back, with insurance, as com- mon carriers, were said to be at the rate of fifty cents per one thousand dollars of large amounts, each way ; on sums under three thousand dollars seventy-five cents per thousand each way; and for any amount under one thou- sand and over three hundred dollars, seventy five cents each way. It was said to be contemplated for the assay of- fice to produce gold bars of $200, $1,000 and $4,000 value each. What was an emigrant to do who had only $100 or $160 in dust? It was contended that the bars ought to be made as low in value as $50 and $100 each. There was much tatisfaction expressed at the final pas- sage of the reform bill, in connection with othe: useful measures. Some parties disapproved of the amendments to the tax bill. The propored commercial convention to be held at Mem- phis was spoken of, and the opinion expressed that the field of American enterprise was wide enough for all, and opento all; that, while New York was likely to realize a fair reward for the enterprise of her citizens, she felt no fear or jealousy from the movements of her enter- prising brethren in other parts of the Union. Obituary. Dear or Carr, Thos. T. Wern.—A telegraphic despatch from Norfolk announces the death of Capt. Thos. T. Webb, who expired in that city on the llth inst., where he was waiting orders. Capt. Webb was a native of Vir- ginia, and had been in the navy upwards of 45 years, havirg entered it on the Ist of January, 1803, out of which he had seen thirteen years’ sea service. He had not been in command since Novemter, 1836. BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS OF NEW YORK. A meeting of the book and job printers was held last evening, at Chatham Hall, for the purpose‘of forming Printers’ Trade Protection Society. John Kent was cho- nen chairman, and John Smith secretary, on the occasion, tn the absence of the lato secretary, Mr. Fnglandy¢he minutes of the last meeting were dispensed with. ‘Agentleman moved the society be named the Printers? Trade Society, to distinguish it from the Pria- ters’ Union. ‘This motion caused a great deal of discussion on the pie of those who were favorable and opposed to the rinters’ Union. ‘An amoendment was offered by Mr. England, calling the society the New York Co-operative Printers’ Union ‘This amendment to the original motion was almost unanimously adopted. A motion to reconsider this motion was lost. Several of the members snid that if they did not call it a co: operative union they would not join it. On motion of Mr. Fngland, » committee of seven was appointed to craw up a constitution and by-luws. On motion of the Secretary, a committee of three was appointed to confer with a’ like committee of the Printers’ Union on such subjects as would interest the neciety. The following resolution, which was offered by Edward Madigan, was unanimously adopted:— Resol Tl claims for ita mem- bers the right of pr 2 freely admits the employers the right of refusal of their demands; and fur. ther resol’ that this society is regardfal of the welfare of ud that for the purpose of making ita seale of prices accord with their legitimate interost, and of serving a moral obligation binding all parties, a committee be now appointed to secure the co-operation of the employing printers, and to receive any suggestions thoy may offer, Fifth ward, has gone off for six weeks, on the application of the prisoner’s counsel for commissions te examine wit- nesses abroad. The trials of Fitegerald and Meary, for the murder of their wives, are ret down for Monday next, and one of the other of them will be proceeded with on, ihat day. ‘The extfadition case of Thomas Kaine, claimed by the Pritich government an a fugitive from justice in Ireland, bas not yet been decided, and Chief Justice Nelson has #0 many important patent cases before him that some time may elapse before he can devote himself to the issues in that argument. Rumor says that ex-Chief Justice Bronson left town yesterday, for Washington, and that he wiil accept the Collectorship of New York. Mr. O'Conor was in the court, looking aa calm and im- perturbable as ever, and neither by word or gesture giv- ing the slightest intimation to his most intimate friends, whether i¢ would be the Unived States District Attorney or not. We, however, opine that Mr. O'Conor accepts. Thane V. Fowler was eJso about the Inw comets, and re ceived the congratulations of many friends on his appoint ment to (he important and onerous position of Postmaster of New York. When he gets into harness we shall point | his attention to @ few grievances, other device. we may expect a good deal of that ulplcagant discase known as chills and foyer, the Kon. J. J. Crittenden bes deestred the b. public @iezer terdoed bun by ibe citivene of Si ‘uch suggestions to be submitted to the vociety at the next meeting. A collection was then taken up to defray the expenses of the meeting, after which ti:e gociety urned, Naval Intelligence. Tus Jaran Exreprrioy—Sapang or Tae MACKDONIAN — The following is Hnt of the officers atteehed to the U, 8, ship Macedonian, which yesterday sailed from this port for Hong Kong, to join the Japan squadron :— Captain—Jo+1 Abbot. Lieutenants—L. B Avery, Washington Gwathmey, George H. Preble, and Edward Lloyd Winder. Surgeon—Robert Woodworth. Purur— Richard T, Alliton. | Pasced Assistent Surgeon—J 8. Gidiamn, Master—Tohn Waleutt. Lieutnant Marines—James H. Jones. Passed Midshipmen—Jobn Watters ani J. G. Sproston. Boatswain—J. 0. Hayden, Gunner— Hamilton Bell. bi eed ie] Jones. Sailmaker— Charles T. Frost. Captain's Clerk—N. W. Abbot. Master's Mates—Julin R. D. Lewis, Lawrence F. Lewis, William ©, Hambleton, and Charles W. Abbot. Personal Intenigence. Aworg the arrivals yesterday at the Metropolitan Hotel were Hon. Robert J. Walker, Washington; Hon: Naval Officer of this port, Moa Joho y onsin; Hon. James B. Bowlia, M.C., | Misrouri; Hon, Thomas O. Larkio, California, Feancise> co Silver, Havana; Uhilip Fris‘ard, Franee; 1. RB, Frouk Du, U 8 Navy, Louis Arid, Jamalea, Wort Judies, ! e. i be ber ry of the address, testified th~’ 2 -oif approval by enthusiasti¢ par .«« appointed, the Padre made his appearance, Sm®’ eaid:—"'The subject of the evening is the Inquisition, 4 shall prove that the Inquisition is against the spirit of Uberty granted by Christ in the Gospel; that it is against, the spirit of meekness, which must form the mission of the Christian clergy; and, finally, that it is against the spirit of charity, which must found the true Chureh of Christ. I shall say only a few words in Italian, because: my fellow countrymen know by experience what the. Inquisition is in Italy.” The reverend gentleman ther- addressed the audience in Italian, and, at the conclusion, said in English—All the precepts of Christianity are re- duced to one, “Go forth and preach the Gospel to every cieature; whoever believeth and is baptized shall be. saved, and those who do not shall be lost;”’ therefore the. believing or disbelieving was left to the free cl of all. The first gift of God to * ihetty this world is as in perpetual darkness. we will use our liberty in order to Now, if any one in the Church of Rome entertai: jaa doubt upon religious matters the Inquisition put hand upon him, imprisoned h'm, hated him, and tor- tured him, in order to restore his heart to his lost and ancient faith, and called it mercy. Man is a reasonable- being, and if you present to him « reasonable religion, be will embrace it; and that is why the Gospel—the true Gospel of the Protestant Church—has prospered in all countries and all climes, Now, if the Roman Catholie religion were reasonable they would need to exert no violence; but as it is not such an one, they must, by ne~ cessity, resort to the Inquisition. Now, the Church of Rome was always, and is still, at present, laboring under violence and inquisition. Why? Because in her there is nothing reasonable. The authority, supremacy, and infallibil.ty of the Pope is unreasonable ; jon is unreasonable; the worship of sainte ‘images, and relics, is unreasonable—end there- fore the power of the Inquisition is required to- sustain these doctrines. (Applause.) The Churcl of Rome will exist until the second coming of Christ. Why? Beeause Christ said it was necessary to have sean- dal in the world, and because p says that the kingdom of AntieChrist shall be the kingdom of many ittoy Wenteus (ber mace peaking, wb to destroy it entirely. ‘But, prac " x has the Chureh of Rome existed until the present time ® miracle, and by the special providence of God; for E. say that the miracle of the Church of Rome is the inqui- sition; for, mark my proposition, that without the Ingul- sition, all Europe would be Protestant, and all America, That unhappy part of Spanish Ameriea where the Inqui- sition makes so many millions of victims, would be as Protestant as your America, and my own Italy would be a Christian country, without popes, and without popery according to the Word of Christ. (Loud applause.}. The Chureh of Christ is a church without persecution any kind, and wasinculcated by the Apostles in the spirit- of harmony and meekness, So, therefore, the true Church of Christ must live in harmony and meekness, and any church which abandons this doctrine is not the true Chureh of Christ. What isthe erime of those people called heretics by Rome? They will not norahtp d i Virgin Mary—but they worship Christ; they refuse to re- eognize the Virgin as the Mother of God—bat they re- cognize Christ as true; and they refuse to worship the waler, but they resognize in the wafer ® symbol body ‘and blood of Christ Therefore, where is their- heresy? No, they were not heretics, my brethren, but: the pure, true, primitive Christians, who, like Patrick: Hamilton and’ Craumer, were butehered, because the} gave their life to sustain the pure Gonpel. I hear the Pay say “Weare free,” “What is your freedom?” I nak them, “To read the Bible?” “Oh no.” “To choose your priest??? “Oh no.” But they say “We are free to go to chureh.’” Yes, and so they are to listen to the denunciations of thelr prients against, the pure and true Church of God. (Applause ) t is the true spirit of the Christian Clergy? Christ sending his Apostles to preseh the Gospel. everywhere, and when you enter @ house to say “Pesce: fo this houre.” But what has changed these ministers ob. Chritt from sheep into wolver—nay, into tigers and hye-- nast It was the Inquisition; for when a priest becomes a temporal judge, condemning his fellow men, in life ands substance, he is no more a priest of Christ, but is the Judas Iscariot of Christ. (Loud applause.) ’ Did Christ authorize the Church to condemn the Christian to dun. ont, to galleys, te be strangled and burned alive No! no! rywhere the mission of Christ and hie Apostles was a free and benevolent mission, and there- fore the clergy of Rome is not @ Christian clergy. A Church is the clergy and laity, and not the alone. {Avetenes. Excommunications mean a se) from. the visible Church, because the separation from the invi- ible Church belongs only to God. Let me read a part of the excommunication of Rome, which will show you that the Inquisition bas destroyed what is s0 eseeatial to the the true Church—namely, mercy. The lecturer read the. denunciation of the Koman Church st excommuni— cants. This is the benevolence of the Popish system; and the clergy say they have the power to denounce and. curse, because they area holy tribunal, and the Inquisi-- tion is properly called the Holy Inquisition; but the holi- ness of the Inquisition seems to me to possess the holi- ness of hell, (Auplaute.) In this country the people are happy in their tribunals, for everything, defence and trial,, are public, the judges pure and impartial—and this is the- reason that justice ix #o well administered. Ia the Inqui— sition everything is sooret— executed by secret rufiane— and they admit all heretics es witnesses, which shows the inconsistency—fathers against sons and mothers against daughters. The prisoner has n> free defence—no public sentence; therefore, every sort of 7 venge was and is perpetrated in the Inquisition. A mam who is discharged from the {aquisition must swear neve to reveal the secrets and horrors which he witnessed. Fmperors—kingx—were obliged to appear when summon- ed. Do they not change the charity of Christ? The Romith clergy, here and in England, appear more mora}, so when we talk about their cruelty Protestants arc sometimes not inclined to believe it; but the Romish, clergy are, by nature and system, acruel clergy. Hav- ing bo domestic affection they. have no relation at alt. with us; they deny all the laws of their native country, and revenge themselves upon us. What shall we calf those who invented species of tortures for their brethren? Monsters—they are monsters. (Loud applause. } What was the business of the Inquisition, according to the Roman Catholic authorities? Why, fourteen species. of tortures, among which was one fo prevent aman. sleeping for fifteen or twenty days; another was the tor- ture of the cord, which was the suspension ofa man by his arms, anda weight of: one hundred pounds wa attached to histeet; he was then hoisted up to the ceil ing, and, in many instances, his arms were dislocated.. ‘The vietim was, in that position, flogged and burned, and’ then the question was put as to guilt or innocence. If he. did not confers he was sent to his dungeon and taken care of to be tortured again. There was another torture, called the fire, in which case the feet of the victim were placed within a few inches of the fire. ‘The torture of the: wheel was usually used against delicate women. Coura- geousmen were tortured by a large funnel filled with water. Placed over their mouths by which they were kept in a con+ stant state of suffocation for thirty minutes, after whic: period, if the vietim would not confess, the torture was resumed uptil he confessed or died. This—this is the- Church of Christ! (Loud applause.) I ask you, Roman Catholic, is this the charity preseribed by Chrint in the: Gorpel?’ You priest—are you a minister of the altar? No; you are a murderer, an assassin—you are conse- crated cannibals. (Loud applause.) St. John never persecuted heretics. I heard in Scotland and Eogland that the Roman Catholics never persecuted anybody, be- cause the Inquisition was a lay tribunal. My dear Ro- man Catholic, was not the inventor of the Inquisition a monk, and did not tsenty-four Pooes give different rivileses to the Inquisition? The judges were minican monks and Franciscan friars, and the head of the Inquisition is the Pope, and Pius the- Ninth is the head of it; therefore all the cruelties must te imputed to the Roman Catholic priesthood. One hundred thouxand Waldeneses, and forty thougand: Huguenots are nothing, I suppose? ' Six anda half mil- lions of Indians—native Amerieans ~ slaughtered by the Inquisition as wild beasts, are nothing? The Church of Rome has never persecuted any one! Oh, no! (Loud. applause.) | They are a merciful priesthood.’ (Applause.). rdionl Wiseman printed a hook some time since, in. which he raid, ‘‘ My dear brethren, the Inquisition existe. no longer.” In Austria, Bavaria, Switzerland, and France, which are countries containing @ population cf a mixed: religious faith, and in Spain, Portugal and Mexico, which are Roman Catholic countries, the Inquisition had been. abolished, and therefore it his ceased to exist. With all respect for the Cardinal, I beg to make alittle Italian dilemma, in the enumer:tion of all the world, for Cardi- nal Wiseinan bas forgotten Italy. In the map'of Burope there isa little place called Italy,and therefore Iurgue that the Cardins] isa vees 4cnorant Cardinal. He concealed the existence of {t ir lesJy in order to introduce it into- England. ‘Therefor 1 a:y he was @ great imposter. (Laughter ) As I sald ou ® previous occasion, the Pope and Satan are always jerfocdy equal. (Applause ) Satan. is always 8 rtunately, for he never changes, and alfays Pope, unfortunately, for he never a and in like manner as the ancient Popes sus- tained the Inquisition, no have the modern; and the excel. lent Pius IX , in order to be grateful to God, who restored, him to the Vatican by means of the holy Austrian guna and the very Christian French bayone’s—Fius IX. to show his gratitude to God, embraced the fir-t opportunity: to restore and re establi-h the Inquisition ia [teed Ye Americans who are a logical people, hear ie. | We are called, by the Popes infidels uud atheists—we, the Italian. Patriots, who destroyed the Inquisition, which Paris re stored. ‘The inquisition is everywhere in poor Italy; an@ on Friday I shall sey somethig about the Madiai, whieh proves the existe: ce of the Inquisition in Italy and, Auetriin. Cardinal Wiseman rays himeelf that he wishes to intro-- duce the canon law into Eugland, and therefore it will be necessary for him, in order to accomplish that object, to. kave a recular hierarehy, which you have in Ame! Now if any one will read’ this canon Jaw, they will find that the power of life is given to the priesthood, and that the oath taken by the Archbishop of New York is to do. everything in his power to pesseonte and oppress: 0 that, this Archbiston of New York. if be fe a gos: air Catholic, and a faithful man to the Pope, will do all in his power topersecuteand oppress. (Loud applause.) Ame- rican brethren! look wbroad upon the continent of Kw- rope, and you must perceive that where there is an In- guisition ‘the people are «retched and miserable; where there ix none, they are free and happy. (ay. plaure.) You, without an Inquisition, aze prosperau: , and free; but beware! beware! Rewembe: my wacds It may not be in your tine; but itisia preparations avd think of the mexim—‘ Take care of the begioning.”” Re- member the word of the Iiulian patriot. who door not but who has his streagth, and « his Italy. I labored in ‘s hospitality to the Italian (Loud applause.) our stantis and England to repay Englan exile, and I now preach to the American people for hav- ing provided for him a refuge from Rome, und+r the Ameri ean flag. (Loud applaus Therefore let me i upon you the necessity of preventing aay Ror, lie frew spreading the dominion and power ot inthis country, Look well to them, for they gre strong, Deennre they are united. Wateh them well, br they will triumph, (Loud applause ) outh Bostou, was destroyed by fire on —) !