The New York Herald Newspaper, April 13, 1853, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES SURDON SEEN ST peobrnrrerener ere rees DPFFION N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. wees peers TERMS cd in advance. Fae vaipy Mekal. 2 conte per — THE WaSkLY HERALD, ‘co irda at conte ¢ mj plo ag fare oa Great Britain, and 19 60 an, pars " . 5G PRINTING ceecuted ncatness, chea;ness, and ‘TISEMENTS renewed every day, AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING, BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Muxaeti—A Kwe cn wuz Dank —Nicx ov tux Woons. BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway—Orus.1i0 —Ousti- mars Famity NIBLO’S—La Favon:ira. BURTON’S THEATRE, Chambers strect-Mexry Mo- wancn—W aGeR—SeRriovus Famity. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham street-—Womas—Pi- zanao—Lorreny Ticxsr. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—Two cam PLay at Tuat Gaua—Money. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon—Mowey. Evening — Pair Heant Never won Fair Lapy—Roman Brorusas —Fansr or Apri. ST. CHARLES THEATRE, Bowery—Twanxse—Eve sen ‘Wirs0n— Kiss 1x THE Darx. CHRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broadway—Ermioriay pins BY CuRisTY's OreRA TROUEE. ‘WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical Hall, 444 Broad- way—Ernsorian MinstTReLsy. CIRCUS, 397 Bowery—Equestrian ENTeERTainmenrs. GEORAMA, 586 Broadway—Banvarv’s Panorama oF wus Hory Lann. HOPE CHAPEL—Dr. Vacentine’s Eveninos or Ec- exnTRIOWY. HELLER’S SOIREES MYSTERIEUSES, 539 Broadway. OWEN’S ALPINE RAMBLES, 589 Broadway. New Work, Wednesday, April 13, 1853. 0 ————————— The Weekly Malls for the Pacific. THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HERALD. ‘The United States mail steamship El Dorado, Captain Bebenck, will leave this port this afternoon, at two @’dlock, for Aspinwall. ‘he mails for California and other parts of the Pacific, will close at one e’clock. ‘The New Youre Wexxry Hensto—California edition— with the latest intelligence from all parts of the world, ‘will be published at 10 o'clock this morning. Single copies, sixpence Agents will please sond in their exders as early as possible. The News. Special attention is directed to the large amount of important information which we to-day publish | from Albany, including the proceedings of the Le- gislature, the Bills relative to the city charter, @ police system, the law of libel, &c. At noon yester- day, the Senate went into executive session, and wnanimously confirmed all the nominatious for no- taries; but on coming to the name of Mr. J. J. Briggs as Superintendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs, a spirited controversy arose, which re- waited in the eventual rejection of the candi- @ate. This difficulty being settled, it was an- mounced that there were no further nomina- tions, and the body then resumed legislative ‘business. It thus appears that nothing has been @one with regard to the harbormasters in this city, &c. The reason ffor Senator Cooley’s extraordi- Bary opposition to an executive session, week after week, is now rendered a greater mystery than ever. Nearly the entire day was consumed by the Assem- bly in debating the different propositions to devise means for securing the completion of the canals. Many bills of considerable importance were adopted by each house, and both were in session ata very late hour. Indeed, at our last advices, it was sup- posed that they would remain in full blast all night, and there were ind’cations that the session would be prolonged for a day or two more. ‘The amended police law, elsewhere given in full, is believed to be correct, as passed by the Senate and eoncurred in by the Assembly. Take it altogether, the amendments are certainly a refermation and a great improvement on the old system. The Alder- manic interest having been abolished, the appointing power is hereafter to consist of the Mayor, Recorder, and City Jadge, who form a board of “ Police Com- missiovers.” This Loard is alao to hear and decide all charges preferred against policemen. All ap- pointments made under this law are during good be- haviour. There is a section in the law that brings the constables under the cognizance of the Mayor, wofar as concerns rewards for services rendered in er.minal Lusiness. After a contest of over one year, it has been finally @ecided who is the duly authorized Treasurer of this State. The Court of Appeals, prior to adjournment yesterday, sustained the previous decision of the Supreme Court, which ousts James M. Cook, whig, and instals Benjamin Welch ,.democrat. ‘The last act of the Court of Appeals is said to have been a decision in favor of the appellants in the Broadway Railroad injunction case—the ques- tion being on a motion of the respondents to. dismiss the appeal. Our special Washington correspondent states that Mr. Buchanan does net contemplate to relieve Mr. Ingersoll at the Court of St. James till the elose of the presgnt fiscal year, the 30th of June. Mr. B. was desirous that his mission might commence un- der the happiest auspices; and it was simply with thewiew of having his nomination confirmed that the members of the Senate wore informed on Mon- @ay morning that the President had another com- munication to make. Hence arose ‘the groundless rumors, which grew larger as they flew, that there was a split in the cabinet; that the President and his advisers sat up till midnight on the Sabbath, vainly endeavoring to compromise matters, kc. We are informed that there are yet to be filled seven full missions, two commissionerships, one minister .resident, fourteen ckargeships, besides a large number of consulships and other minor offi ces,.all of which will be attended to withinthe ensu- ing two months. The reason for postponing the ap- pointments ti the close of the fiscal year is, that the President.wishes to avoid the expense of dupli- cating salaries. In addition to our special despatch, we publish some.other intelligence from Washing- ton, which will be found worthy of perusal. ‘The whigs of Trenton, N. J., re-elected their pre- sent Mayor on Monday. Santa Anna is reported to have arriwed at Vera Cruz on the Ist insiaat, where his reception was ra- ther tame. He immediately left for the city of Mexico. We also learn from the South that a com- mittee of Mexican nobles—who are they?—had been appointed to confer with the returned hie taking the Presidentiai chair. The Governar of Tamaulipas has been dismissed, and President Lom- bardini had it in contemplation to present a British agent his passport for having given currency to a re- port that he had bribed various Mexican Congress- men, in order to secure their vates in favor of the claims of the British bondholders. The agent, how- ever, denies the charge, and there the matter reste. Santa will have a herculean task te perform before he gets things into proper working trim, and as soon as he accomplishes his object he will pxobably again have to abdicate. Dates from Rio Janeiro to the 3d ult. gixe frightful accounts of the ravages of the yellow fever. Nearly all the vessels in port had caves of the diaesse on board, and several Americans liad died. Much entertaining information is contained in the Setter eleewhere published, from China. Our corres pondent gives an interesting account of the recep. tion of the new American Commissigner, Hon. Ham- phrey Morshall; progress and growth of the trade between tiie Chinese and California; the disregard of treaty stipulations on the part of English and Ame- ricane, dc. Among other items of naval intelligence of ee 0 —— EE Tus Goop Tz Cowig yon New Youu— | ‘Haves of & few individaals, mostly resident at been greatly weakened by sickness and Seath, ang that the ship iteelf is unfit for farther service. The telegraphs supply us with many items o, ma- ritime disasters which are worthy the att ation of those interested. The bark Hercules, fror, Liverpool for Charleston, waa recently abandoned, in a sinking condition. The bark T. J.Southard was found with six feet of water in her hold, and coandoned, seventy miles south of Cape Henlopen, on the 10th instant; her crew were taken off by the Perota and Montauk. The ship Damascus has been condemned to be sold wt Salinas Bay, in consequence of damages sustain- ed at sea. She was insured in Baltimore for twenty- two thousand dollars. The steamer Empire State, on her trip from this city to Fall river, last Monday evening, caught fire, and will have to return for repairs. Her passengers were all taken off by the steamer Commodore, and conveyed to Stonington. We learn, from Boston, that the U. 8. ship-of- war Vermont, lately detached from the Japan expe- dition, has been laid up in ordinary. Thirty German families were rendered houseless by a fire in Syracuse, on Monday night. The Cunard steamship America, having been eleven days out from Liverpool, is overdue, with days later European news. The lines east of Boston were not in working order last night, and we could not, therefore, ascertain whether she had reached Halifax or not. Flags were flying in all parts of the city yesterday, in commemoration of the birthday of the lamented Henry Clay. In addition to several columns of advertisements, our inside pages to-day contain an interesting letter from Paris, relative to the politics of Europe; a curi- ous description of Sabbath Amusements in New Orleans; ‘Railroad, Law, Theatrical and Obituary Intelligence; Commercial Review; a large number of miscellaneous paragraphs, &c. Our City Ratlroads—A Plea for the Suffocated. New York is fast becoming the City of Rail- roads. The Rubicon which the Londoners dared not crogs, we have boldly traversed. We have solved the problem of intermural railroads. Despite the eries of those who foretold endless lists of casualties—despite the groans of omnibus proprietors and the plaintive moans of hack drivers—despite the wry faces of that highly re- spectable class of individuals who look upon all improvements as revolutionary schemes. preg- nant with danger to the State—we have now four lines of rail cars actually running through the very heart of the city, and several others in contemplation, or about to be established. And so they ought to be. It is, indeed, rather a matter of wonder that the public should have submitted so long to the omnibus régime, than that it should now be su- perseded by the cars. Sixpence for the privi- lege of being immured in a sort of prisoner’s van and churned for half an hour—for being deafened by the horrible clatter of shaky win- dows—and for saving about fifteen per cent in time on pedestrians—is certainly cheap; but this is all we can say in favor of the omnibuses- Human ingenuity has never contrived a more thoroughly unsatisfactory mode of locomotion. It has always been a mystery to us how, out of a population of less than three-quarters of a million. some eighty to one hundred thousand persons should be found every day to undergo the voluntary martyrdom of a ride in a “stage.” The city railroads were advocated on seve- ral substantial grounds. Speed was one ; and it is certain that far greater speed might be, and sometimes is, attained by the cars, than their elder rivals, the "busses, ever pretended to reach. Comfort was anether. We were promised—and we are bound to say that this promise is acea- slonally kept—that we should have comfortable seats, and room for our legs. We were assured that the windows would be so contrived as not to deafen us with their clatter. Finally, we were given to understand that a sufficient num- ber of cars would be placed on each line to af- ford a regular and commodious means of transit for passengers. On the strength of these pledges, we consented to the temporary incon- venience of allowing the pavement of the great thoroughfares of the city to be torn up, and rails laid down, and to the much greater annoyance of surrendering the centre of three avennes to private companies, for their special, we might almest say, their exclusive use. The concession was important, but, had the inducements which were held out to us been realized, there would have been no just ground to regret it. The prospect of saving time and increasing the comforts of the community, was sufficient to warrant even greater sacrifices. What have we gained ? Ifany inquire how the assurances of the city railroad projectors with respect to the personal comfort of travellers, have been borne out by their practice. we refer them tothe letter of “Censor,” in yesterday’s Heratp. Or, to place the matter still more fully at rest, we recom- mend thea to attempt.a journey on Sunday even ing at nine o'clock. or on any evening between five and six o’clork, in the Fourth, Sixth or Eighth avenue cars. They will then be enabled to form a tolerably correct idea.of the compres- sibility of the human frame, and to say, at a word, how many men, women, and children, can be squeezed into a eubic yard. To appre- ciate the position thoroughly, the experimen- talist ought to be aceompanied by a lady, and if possible by a child. If one of the seats is oc- cupied by a man whose pretensions to gallantry induce him to surrender it to the lady, she may think herself fortunate. We males are growing less and less polite to the fair sex; and, con sidering the very courteous manner in which our civilities are usually requited, we don’t wonder at it. However, let us suppose that the lady is seated, and the child stowed away in some unheard-of nook or corner in the vicinity. The traveller will then find himself in a dense crowd of suffocating mortals. The air he breathes is foetid and poisonous ; his tées have served as stepping stones for halfa dozen stout old gen- tlemen; he is shoved, and hustled, and worried at every stoppage of the car; he eannot see where he is, and must trust to fate to direct him home. While he is wondering how far he may be from the street where he intends to alight, his fermale companion is overeome by the heat and effluvia, and faints; the child is undergoing @ process of smothering between two stout ser- vant girls. Beside him, a couple of men, who, we must chgritably suppose, are drunk, are shocking his ears with profane and filthy lan- guage. In disgust, the traveller leavesthe car, and pursues his way homeward on foot. We beg to assuxe those of our readers who have never witnesaed a similar scene to the above, that we have ig no particular drawn on our imagination to deseribe it. It occurs daily Avarice has so blinded the directors of the railway companies that they have totally lost sight of public comfort. and care for nothing but their own immediate profit. To such an extent has their recklessness gone that the Sixth and Eighth avenue ears may almost be considered as a publie nuisance. Such being the net reeults of our liberality, it »€ 10g70. © leary ab the crew of tLe Susatoga la 4 is Well to ikguive whotha we canaot coupol ‘these corporations to fulfil their te the public. If we cannot, tit is clear that in grenting privileges to lay rails we have made a blunder which we must endeavor to repair. Ifthe companies will not provide cars to ac- commodate travellers—if they will persist in cramming fifty people into a car which holds twenty-five with difficulty-it is time to ascertain whether means cannot be oopted to deprive them of their exclusive rights, and confide them to better hands. It is certain that the compa- nies are at present inflicting on the community a wrong for which the law could probably af ford a remedy. Even if no more thorough pun- ishment could be inflicted than the suspension of their business on Sunday, the lesson would be salutary, and might restore the directors to a sense of their duty. Wasuincton Irems.—The appointment of Mr. Buchanan to England is equivalent to announ- cing again to the powers of Europe that a lead- ing object of the foreign policy of this adminis- tration will be the acquisition of Cuba. The sentiments of Mr. Buchanan are sufficiently de- veloped in the publication, by President Fill- mor®, of his correspondence with Mr. Saunders, at Madrid, during the administration of James K. Polk. Mr. Buchanan being willing then to give @ bundred millions for Cuba. will doubtless be willing to make a still higher offer now, by a few millions, if necessary, in view of the pre- sent high rents, high prices of beef, pork, &c., in New York, Spain. and elsewhere. And con- sidering the mortgage which England has upon the island of Cuba. in those Spanish coupons, Mr. Buchanan will, doubtless, have a very im- portant part to perform in the negotiations upon “ manifest destiny.” Mr. Robert J. Walker, who appears to have taken up his residence again in Washington —and whose guest Mr. Buchanan has been for some days past—will, it is surmised, keep a eharp look out for a squall in the cabinet, and. if there is achance, contrive to slip again into the Treasury Department. to finish up the ‘+ manifest destiny” of free trade. But we pre- sume that Mr. Walker’s present sojourn at Washington is more with reference to his friends who may want a friend to help them, than with any view toa plum” for himself, unless, indeed. he may conclude to put in his papers for the mission to France for the benefit ofhis health. Jtem.—Rumor says that the rea- son General Pierce has not made the nomina- tion to France is that he has fixed his eye upon Henry A. Wise ; but that, considering his “an- tecedents,”’ there were some grounds of appre- hension that the Senate might boggle at the ratification of Mr. Wise, and hence it has been deemed prudent to wait till the Senate are quietly out of the way. By this method, Mr. Wise can be sent over without waiting till next December ; and thus, being in Paris when they do mect, they will be very apt to let it go, especially if he should be hard at work on the Cuba question. We give the rumor for what it is worth, though it is perhaps more likely, should Mr. Wise desire it, that he will be sent back again to Brazil. We are not advised of any determination having yet been made in regard to the mission to Central America, left vacant by the declina- tion of Mr. Slidell, of Louisiana, nor of any pro- minent applications for that highly important general roving commission. We hope that Mr. SMael's vvJectiuu to Contrel A merica—ta wit: the fatality of that malignant climate, all over that pestilential country, all the year round. from the first of January to the last day of De. cember—will not be a drawback to the patriotic bachelors still hanging about in Washington, and anxious to serve their country in some useful capacity abroad, at from five to ten thousand dollars a year. A man encumbered with a family may be excused from risking their lives, or his own. on their account, in the very heart of the yellow fever country for four or five years together; but to a patriotic bachelor, particu- larly ifadisciple of the school of Young America, a hovel of palm leaves at San Juan at this crisis ought to be more desirable than the festivities of Paris, or the /azzaroni of Naples. Shall the Monroe doctrine be abandoned on account of the climate of the Belize? Will Young America knock under to John Bull because of the vo- mito? Who puts in for the mission to Central America? Old Bullion. according to our private advi- ces, is enjoying himself at Washington “solitary amd alone,” part of his family being in Missouri, part in California, and part in Europe. He is said to be in robust health, and promises to make the time-servers and would-be-leaders of the democracy smell thunder in the next House of Representatives; and is particularly indig- nant at the idea of the possibility. in any con- tingency, of Gen. Cushing’s promotion from the tail to the head of the cabinet. Col. Benton. in short. is represented as one of the few of the members of the new House who consider Secre- tary Marcy the redeeming feature of the administration. Meantime, the distribution of the plunder accruing to Missouri, the news- mongers say. will be deferred till after the next August election, to avoid any new cause of squabbling, in the interval, between the al_ ready exceedingly disagreeable Benton and anti-Benton factions. Perhaps that expedient may work out a compromise among them; but it is rather a hard process for harmonizing the family. The New York Collectorship is still consider- ed the rock upon which the hard shells at Wash- ington intend, if they can, to wreck, not the ship, but the Secretary of State. They desire nothing better than to bring the issue directly between him and Schell—for upon that issue, whatever the event, they hope either to crowd out the Premier or break him down. Well, Rome was not built in a day, and we can’t ex- pect the trouble between the hard shells and the soft shells to be reconciled short of a row somewhere. Avpive Ramnies are very romantic and charming to read of, and the ascent of Mont Blane is an achievement to be ramembered during a life-time ; but there are oor tain dangers, difficulties, and “ sufferirgs, that ‘flesh is heir to’ in both rambles and ascents,” that must give us pause ere we undertake either ; besides which, the strain upon one’s finances is truly appalling. How grateful, then, rhoulé all stay-at-home travellers be to our friend Mr. John Owans, who, by an ingenious and admirably carried out plaa, peculiar to himvelf, has ovened anes tablishment at the Chinese Assembly Rooms, in Broad: way, from which be positively conveys all who call upon him, across the Atlantic in the steamship Atlantic ; takes thems pleavant ramble through the old French towns, down én the valleys, and up the rugged sides of the Alps, and actuslly arcends, with the whole party, to the snow crowned summit of Mont Blane, We went with hima few evenings since, and enjoyed the trip amazingly- were at once tastructed, delighted, and astonished ; in structed in ref renee to the countries we passed through , delighted with the con:pany we met and the scenery wo beheld: astonished. that suctt @ long and perilous jour ney had becn achieved in comfort. without danger, or even diffeulty, and the whold of the travelling ex PRs wus nied ty exactly lily contd Heneeforth we ¢xP.¢¢ to hear no more gram- bling or diseat'getion expressed at the mode in which th-, affairs of this metropolis are to be conduct, We will have no more indignation meetings convened in Metropolitan Hall or Old Tammany, to denounce the proceedings of our grave and reverend City Fathers; no more petty carping at tea room extravagances; no more injunctions to annul the grants of the Cor- poration; and very little more ofthat dust lite- rature for which the journals of New York seem- ed to have recently acquired a most decided penchant. Oh, no! All this, wetrust, is gone for ever, and in its place we will have a model city, an incorruptible Corporation, eschewing all the sinful lusts of the musgetpal tea table, a well organized police, and streeta which may not suffer in comparison with those of London or Paris. Our reasons for anticipating this beneficial change are three fold: First, the passage of an ordinance by the Common Council, last Monday evening, creating two bureaux in the City In- spector’s Department, of which one is charged with attending to the sanitary condition of the metropolis; second, the passage, on the same day, of the new Police bill. putting that body ona better organized basis, and cleansing it from the rather objectionable influence of Aldermen; and third, the simultaneous pas- sage of the amendments to the New York City Charter, the provisions of which are calculated to place men in the responsible office of municipal legislators, who will have no motive in seeking that honor save the laud- able desire of deserving the good opinion of the public and ministering to the social well being of this great metropolis. We published in yesterday’s Hrraup the or- dinance passed by the Common Council, creat- ing the two very necessary bureaus to which we have alluded; and we give to our readers to-day the other two bills, as amended by the Senate and approved of by the House of As- sembly. From the police bill we anticipate a most desirable improvement in the efficiency of that force, taking. as it does, the power of nomi- nating or appointing police officers out of the hands of the Aldermen—by whom the privilege was too generally wielded to subserve political ends. regardless of the common weal—and con- ferring it on a Board of Commissioners, com- posed of the Mayor. Recorder, and City Judge. Of course. the present members of the force must be allowed to complete their various terms of engagement, unless they render themselves liable to be discharged in the meantime, for mis- conduct. Some of them have yet one, two and three years to complete the term of four years, for which. under the old system, they received their appointment; but even these will become more active and efficient for the remainder of the time, so that when their turn comes for full- ing off, they may have recommended themselves by their previous attention to their duties, as fit subjects for re-appointment under the new law, which makes the office a permanent one. or during good conduct. We did earnestly desire to have seen a provision introduced into the bill regulating a proper police uniform, without which no force, how well soever or- ganized in other respects, can be found a tho- roughly efficient one; but we were not destined to find our own and the public desire in this respect gratified. However, for the benefits we have received may we all be duly thankful. Tho-mow oity ohartor in expected to be an unfailing specific against those little eruptions or diseases to which corporate bodies and pub- lic officers are sometimes liable, and which are known to the community under the general classification of bribery. It provides terrible penalties against any peccadilloes in this line, so that henceforth the office of Alderman will nut be worth the looking after, since the vari- ous little perquisites which its holder enjoyed in the good times that are now gone, are with- drawn from it. The bill also deprives the city fathers of all judicial attributes, and makes specific provisions for the manner in which rail- road grants, ferry leases and municipal proper- ty are in future to be disposed of. In fact, so stringent are its provisions, and so zealously does it guard against the possibility of malfeas- ance, that it is thought nono but really good, honest, upright. practical business men will henceforth condescend to accept the office. Un- der this triple protection, we may hope that New York is about to enter on her millennium, and that her good municipal government, clean and healthy streets, and efficient police, will be worthy of her position as the great metropolis of the American continent. May our hopes be fulfilled. Connecticut Polities—Successive Elections of Governors, &c. The election in Connecticut has resulted as was anticipated—in the triumphant electtion of the democratic candidates for State offices, members og Congress, and a majority of the Legislature. The details of the election returns, so far as they appear to possess much interest, we have given. This is the fourth year in succession that the democrats have succeeded. The political character of the State has been very changeable since the present organization of parties. In 1824 and 1828, Connecticut voted for John Quincy Adams for President; in 1832, for Clay; in 1836, for Van Buren; in 1840, for Harrison; in 1844, for Clay; in 1848, for Taylor; in 1852, for Pierce. Under the old organization of parties, the State always voted for the federal candidates for President and Vice President, “even preferring Rufus King to James Monroe, at the first election of the latter to the Presidency, in 1816. In 1811, Roger Griswold, of Connecticut, was the only Governor elected by the federalists, in the United States. It may be interesting to political readers, to be furnished with the following complete list of Governors of Connecticut, elected since the American Revolution. The charter granted to the colony, in 1662, by King Charles II., formed the basis of the government of Connecticut until 1818, when the present constitution was framed. The last Governor elected under the colonial govern- ment was Jonathan Trumbull, who was chosen in 1769, and annually re-elected until 1784:— LIST OF GOVERNORS ELRCTRD BINCR THR REVOLUTION, Jonathan Trombull, Mathew Griswold, | Geveuor John Treadwell Roger Griswold Jobn Cotton Smith, Oliver Woleott (toleratio Gideon Temlingon (dem John 8. Peters (dem, Henry W. Fawarda (dem. Samuel A. Foot (whi). Henry W. Edwaras (dem.) do William W. Hileworth (whig) do pawn td in 1861 ‘The firet eight nan ral party Under the colonial and State governments, three of the family of Wolcott, two of that of Griswold, and thee of that of Trumbull, held the office of abe wlaaian Of cle ih e wore Managed by | State aristocracy, or had won his way to their ranks by some peculiar services, or the acquisition of wealth. There was, also, during that period, a sort of connection of Church and State in existence; most of the inhabitants, being descended from the Puritan settlers, were of the Congregational faith, and many of the laws were made to favor that sect. On the day when the Governor and other State offi- cers were sworn in, at Hartford, there was annually a large assemblage of the Congregational clergy, who, from ancient colonial eustam, considered them- selves entitled to join in the grand procession of dig- nitaries, and fill the seats of honor on the occasion. A sumptuous dinner was provided for these reverned gentlemen at the expense of the State; and this custom was eontinued until about 1817, when it was broken up by the political revolution which brought the tolerationists and democrats into power. The friends of the clergy among the Congregationalists of Hartford endeavored to keep up the custom by con- tinuing the annual dinner; but it was no go—the clerical gentlemen refusing to attend after the State bad deserted them, afd #o the annual dinner has long since been among the good things that were, and have passed away. The old federal party had not much trouble in con- trolling the elections and managing the affairs of the State. That party consisted generally of Congrega- tionalists and a few Episcopalians, most of the latter being made up of conscientious admirers of the Church of England, and seceders from the Congrega- tional Church. The minority of the people, after the old democratic republican party was formed by Jef- ferzon, included most of the Baptists, Methodists, Universalists, and Free Thinkers found in the State; also, ‘the rabble,” as they were called, or the lower orders, without distinction of religious sect. The Congregationalists of the federal party, being taught from childhood to look unfavorably upon all other sects, naturally shunned that party which waa composed of such heterogenious materials as was the Connecticut democracy of the times of Jefferson. Moreover, each citizen, on being made a freeman, on arriving at the required age, was sworn to support the charter or constitution, and laws of the State, and to vote for the best men to sustain them. As federalists were considered the best men for the pur- pose, s0 it was deemed wrong, and even unconstitu- tional, to vote for democrats as rulers; particularly for those of them who were admirers of the French Revolution, and loose in their religious notions. Hence, Connecticut was easily kept in federal lead- ing strings. It is no wonder, therefore, that Aaron Burr should have pronounced the people of Connec- ticut incorrigible, when he returned froma visit to them, endeavoring to induce the State to vote for Jefferson and himself at the Presidential election of 1800. Conneeticut was the only New England State that invariably voted with the federal party during the administrations of Jefferson and Madison. There were but few men of talent in the ranks of the old democratic party of Conneeticut. Young men were led to believe that the path to respectability, wealth, honor, and preferment, was only to be found among the federalista, and the ranks of that party were, of course, filled with the pringépal farmers, lawyers, and other professional men, merchants, mariners, and manufacturers. The mass of me- chanios, small farmers, and common laborers, per- haps, were to be found following democratic leaders. After the peace with Groat Britain, in 1815, the federal party was gradually disbanded In most of the States. It, however, held the power for a considerable time in Massachusetts and Connecticut. The votes in Connecticut for Governor, in April, 1815, stood for John Cotton Smith, (federalist,) 8,176; for Elijah Boardman, (democrat,) 4,876— showing a federal majority of 3,300 In the Ntate. For many years previous, the democrats had given a merely nominal vote for their candidates for Governor. General Hart, a wealthy citizen of Say- brook, and Asa Spalding, Esq., a wealthy lawyer of Norwich, were, year after year, in succession voted for as the republican or democratic candi- dates for Governor. In 1810, a portion of the federal party, being dissatisfied with the nomina- tion and election of Governor Treadwell, brought forward Roger Griswold of Lyme, who had been a distinguished member of Congress in the times of John Adams. A split in the federal party wasa remarkable circumstance, and the democrats took advantage of it the following year, by withdrawing their own candidate and assisting to elect Griswold. As Governor, however, the democrats had no reason to be satisfied with their choice. He was most de- cidedly opposed to the war with England, and re- fused to call out the militia of the State when re- quired to place them under United States officers. Governor Griswold died in 1812, and was succeeded by John Cotton Smith, who was the last Governor of Connecticut elected by the federal party. In 1816, some of the leading politicians of the State, who were dissatisfied with the rule of the federalists, formed a plan to effect a political revoln- tion. The patronage of the State, on certain occa- sions, having been refused to the Episcopal Church and their principal seminary for education, the mem- bers of that sect, a large proportion of whom were federalists, were much displeased. They, therefore, readily fell in with a plan to form a toleration party, composed of all the democrats in the State, and those federalists of other sects than Congregation- alists who desired a change in the connection of political and ecclesiastical rule. Oliver Wolcott, who had been Secretary of the Treasury under John Adams, was pitched upon as the toleration candidate for Governor. He had resided in New York many years, and, although a federalist, joined with Rufus King and others in sustaining the war of 1812. On returning to his native State, he probably considered the federal party on the point of dissolution, and ac- cepted the “ toleration” nomination for Governor, in 1816. That election surprised the federalists, al- though Gov. Smith was re elected by a majority of 1,198 over Mr. Wolcott, for it showed the probable succees of the new party at another trial. Jonathan Ingersoll, an Episcopalian federalist, was the to- Jeration candidate for Lieut. Governor, and was elect- ed by a majority of 1,759 over Calvin Goddard, the federal candidate. The following year, viz., in 1817, the toleration party was successful in com- pletely revolutionizing the State. Mr. Wolcott was elected Governor by a clear majority of 334 over Governor Smith and the scattering votes—the votes standing, for Wolcott 13,655, Smith 13,119, scatter- ing 202. Ingersoll was also re-elected Lieutenant Governor, and there was a small toleration majority inthe Legislature. The dominant party called a State Convention, made a constitution to suit themselves, and re-elected Governor Wolcott, with but little opposition, in 1818. The next year, 1819, the federalists tried to break down the toleration party by running a Union State ticket for Senators, composed of an equal number of federalists and old school democrats. The scheme was unsuccessful, the toleration ticket being elected by a majority of 1,534—the total vote of the State being then about 33,000. The views of the toleration party having been carried out, the name was dropped, and the State was decidedly democratic—the old federal party be- came disbanded, and most of the democratic leaders of Connecticut supported John Quincy Adams for President—a minority of the party sustaining Mr. Crawford, and a Jackson party being unknown in the State until 1827, By the aid of the Crawford party, in 1828, the Jackson men succeeded in polling 4,448 votes, against 13,829 for Adama. The democratic legislative caucus jn 1827, tr mined to get rid of Governor Wolcott, and therefore nominated Gideon Tomlinson, who was elec vote stood, for Tomlinson 7,681, Wolvott I, scattering 672 ; clear majority for Tomlinson 1,814. This election ended the political life of Governor Wel, who bad been annually elected ten times in muecession. His memoirs and correspondence, whicl> were published « few years since, show that he poo- teased the confidence of the leading federaliete im the days of Washington and John Adams, and but few on the list of Governors so long continued in favor with the people of his native State. The Jackson party in Connecticut first came inta Tower in 1883, since when the State has alternately been in the hands of the democrats and whigs, at: successive eléctions, as is shown by our statementa. in this article. ‘Talk on ’Change. Provisions were firmer and more active. Cotton, flour and corn, were without change, while wheat was in fair demand. Private advices had been received by parties on Change from Detreit, which represented that much excitement. prevailed regarding the award of the contract for building- the canal around the Sault Ste. Marie. The statements: were contradictory. On one side, it was alleged that the commissioners had not awarded the contract to the low- est bidders, and that capitalists stood ready to take the job at lower rates, and te guarantee its completion im fifteen months, while the successful bidders required two years for its completion. On the other band, it was stated that the size of the canal con- tracted to be built by Messrs. Corning & Co, was to be much more capacious and expensive than that embraced in other proposals, and to be constructed on #. scale to secure ample accommodations, at each extremity: of the canal, for vessels of large size; and that to build it, on the plan proposed by this company, would require at- « least two years, with the greatest expedition that capita, and enterprise could give to the work. To build the canal in the manner proposed by Messrs. Corning & Co., and within the time specified, was considered by the com- missioners the best offer which had been submitted. Tho character of the commissioners was such, (including Mr- Ledyard, and other gentlemen of great respectability, assisted by an able engineer, in the person of Mr. Can- field, ) as precluded all idea of unfair or illegal letting. Mr. Corning’s associates in their contract embraced some of the most reliable capitalists of the coun- try, among whom were George Griswold, August Bel- mont, H. Dwight, and others, of this city, with Mr. Fair- banks, of Vermont, R. B. Forbes, of Boston, and other leading names at the West. Moreover, it was said, that as matters stood a charter- could not be obtained in Michigan under which a com- pany could be properly organized, so as to give immedi- ate confidence to capitalists while the way was open be- fore the New York Legislature. If nothing efficient were done before a charter could be obtained in Michigan it. would greatly delay the work. It was stated that intel- ligence had been received from Albany that the act in~ corporating Mr. Corning and associates into company: for the construction of the canal had already passed. Satisfaction was expressed for the passage of the police- and mock auetioneer bills. The final adoption of the re- form bill, and other good laws of less moment, would en~ title the Legislature to the best thanks of the people at.” The limitation to one hundred days pay had worked: well. Had the session been eked out four or five months, as formerly, it was doubted whether as much useful legis— lation would have been accomplished. It was suggested that a limitation of pay to members of Congress, under somewhat similar circumstances, might havea similar influence. It was stated that a company of emigrants for Australia. was being organized under the mutual benefit system, whereby they would be enabled to go out together in the same vessel, to ald and assist each other on the journey, and to afford each other mutual protection when there. The first company formed on this plan was expected to sail in the ship Nimrod, on or about the 20th inst. . Fine ar Newark.—Mr. Coulton, the conduetor of the Jersey City railroad cars, has informed us that at one- o'clock yesterday the entire of the Rosendale Cement Works, at Newark, were burned to the ground. The lose. will be about $7,500. French and English Postage. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Sin—I hand you the following extract of a letter re- ceived from an American at Toulon, France:— ‘The Post Office, per American packets, charged us hitherto 12 sous for postage from Havre; but in ‘the above, made us- BY. 16 seus. Also, via England, we pay 16 sous ifa letter- is sent per American steamer, and 26 sous per English ones. The French have the Pewee of sending letters all over the United States for 3 cents; but eb over France, 16 ‘ents to the Americans. I sy our Post Office should get matters better ordered than such a wide difference. Tt appears by the above that letters for France, by the Cunard steamers, have to pay 20 cents each, or 10 cents more than by the Collins steamers, which difference musty be, I conclude, the English tax on such; yet the Cana- dians get their letters, by either line of’ steamers, for 3: cents. By this, Americans are taxed in England and France for postage on their letters. Americans pay Eng~ land over r cent, and France over 500 per cen more than their subjects pay in the United States. This should not be. ‘New York, April 12, 1853. Naval Intelligence. U. 8. surveying schooner Hassler arrived at Norfolk 9th. inst., from St. Johns, Florida. Court Calendar—This Day. Unrrep Srares District Court.—Nos. 25, 28, 30, 34 to 40, Sorremx Covrt—Special Term.—Nos. 65, 68, 7, 16, 71,. 5, 18, 14, 10, 22. 27. 68, 74, 78, 79. + ournne Court Cmcurr.—Nos. 499; 359, 415, 410, 509- Common Prras—Part First.—Nos. 650, 517, 658, 661, 684 to 692, 699. 700. Part Second.—Nos. 716 to 730. Surrnor Court, (two branches.)—Nos. 117, 7, 2053, 244, 230, 245, 258, 261, 268, 219, 277, 288, 54, 47, 14, 191, 192; 203, 226, 220, 287, 201 to 320, 822: General Excitement—Good and Bad Liquors. 7 We rendlly find a place fur. the following extract of pri- vate letter from a medical friond who has been performing m profertional tour through the South and West, retativ the popular excitement pervading every part of the country in reference to the conflict now openly pending between. “good and bad spirits,” and their comparative influence upon the affairs of men. It can no longer. be said that they “walk the earth unseen,” or untouched: and it being evident that a pretty decided revolution is going on among them it is gratifying to observe that the good ones are likely to get the best of it, as it is but right they should:— ‘oU would scarcely believe that a new topic of diseus- sion, actually amounting to popular excitement, is prevail- ing from Maine to Texas, relative to the adulteration of spiritous liquors, and the marvelous quality and proportion of Wolfe's world renowned ‘Aromatic Schiedain Schnapps.” Until they tuated this magical liquid, the gentlemen who take their bitters of n morning, and on other urgent ocea- sions, had no {dea that they had been habitually imbibiny villainous compounds, ertailing every variety of physical, mental and moral discaso, in the guise of cenerous beverage: and renovating cordials. They would scarcely believe their own faces in the though riebly studded with ru- bios, sapphires, carbuncles, and all the geins of the spiritous. cnsket. It wasin vain that their tremulous nervos tclerraphed the truth to their very brains with reiterated admonitions. But, Mr. Udelpho Wolfe has opened their eyes and their mouths pretty extensively, and las done more for the cause of true Practical temperance than all the tirades and Maine laws Which the total abstinence tanatios ever fulminated. In New Orleans, St. Louis, Lovisville, Nashville, Pitts- burg and Cincinnati, which I have lately visited, as well ae in Charleston and Mobile, which T took inmy. one hears of mo other beverage than Schnappe,”” whether at public or private sale leans, and the swampy districts u . In New Or- the river, you are invited for rheumatics;” at St. “Sehiedam, the onl; ae ita to try “Wolfe's Aroinatics, goo Louis you are recommended to worth a 7 while in many o the signal for the suppl mart snap of the tinver ani both in court tociubly engg honirin ix ne eheidem, ted. are bi thumb. d in literary Gin nteriorate;” but this sew eu- usd except in reference to the ‘Aromatic "to which it ecems to be respectfully consccra- decided popular preference for Wolfe's improved supported, au it very generally is, by the re- 1 ns of medical practitioners, is playing Old Harry with the inferior liquors, and raising ® legion of bottle-im to decry it asa humbug, Ly way of defending their pestite- rous relgn. T must confers that I was for some time inclined to agree with these demons; hut, av Mrs, Miller used to say of her tobacco “trying is the aaked truth,” and I confess agreeably rectified in opinion as the article is in ite eriok process of manufacture. ke riugle, fact, publicly certified to by to, through an analytical chemist as Dr. David D. Mott, that this gin ie abrolntely free from aurylic alcohol, which I am are bas litherto been inseparable from every liquor distilled from grain, and which Is the insidious though unsuspected cause of néarly all the intoxication, disease, and morbid de- ire for habitual fudulgonce produced by drinking them, is quite suficiont to satisfy me that Mr. Wolfe has actual achieved a great public henofaction in producing it; For al- thongh I eco it is sold only in pint and quart botties, a if designed eb ie prarpoves, yet I foundit introduced, in thie form, at all the roapsctable the South and West, to the complete exclusion of in. And, fiercely as he in denounced by those din the manufacture and sale of the common de- mon-drink, there ¢ no doubt that the good and pure substitute, with its highly superior flavor und qualities, will eventially prevail, Indeed, if you think thie portion of my rambling letter 1 aw: for mediciual and dome: would at all rerve his purpores agan honest puff, you are welcome to publidh it, ad, like Old Mickory, 1 re pility,”” with’ mild modienm of the “Noha i ohn: Why bot? when the Medical Society of New York, at thelr last dinner, passed the medically labeled bottles of it round their table, and presented a flowing quart of it to the learned editor of te Medical Gazette, in order that he, the cham pion atonce of temperance and good liquor, as ita bost ricnd, should support, by his personal example, the liberal and enlightened recommendation of the “Aromatics, good for rheumatics,” which he had frankly published to the world.—From the New York Day Book. Association for the Exhibition of the Indus- try of all Nations. Orricy, No. 5 Broapway, New Yorx. IMENT SALOONS, t for the privilege o stal Palace will be pplying Re- ived, wt thie § Association, to te f4ted, furnished, and decorated by the coutractor, ad his own expense, Fer the form and dimensions of the apartmonte, and ail other particulars, parties wishing to contract will please ap- ply at thi oft NB. —W ines and i ting drinks will be etriotly pro hibiicd WM. WHETIEN, Seoretary, Fifty Cent Dagu corner Low nd Greve Ae fo take p street.—Cant! pictures for the