The New York Herald Newspaper, January 28, 1853, Page 2

cuavey large is entered ACCOUNT OF THE COLONY OF VICTORIA, | of tay that were keep the fact of the about them as The Yield of — > Re- | oer, mth A sources of the Territory, by ate and in single vessels; and the profusion gold iF | dhe adjacent colonies, nearly all originally se, Se, be, araWD eee this, proves how large a os has been eX ed in the aggregate by these modes. The {From the Melbourne Sept 7.) ™" aulber of colonial vessels which have left this port ‘We are anxious to throw afew suchitems | Aace October, counting different trips of the same intelligence with to this colony, a8 ?ye ¢ wesels, is 401; about 150 vessels having Fiche or wa . ; ke to prove of especial interest to more distant read- em, thoee of Great Britain in particular, and we, ‘therefore, this morning devote the princir’4) portion, of oar available space to that purpose, ge y litt juaintance with Ie would be to show very ie 2cq wi ‘Whe nature of our comabrenien at home, not to be aware that, as in their estimat¥on of individuals, the usually is, not what the man is, but what Bote cot? how much is he worth—is he rich? so, in stealing wich, theix coloniegs they will be likely to tell es to bother them our wants and grievan- ees, but to let them know distinctly how much gold to send to them. furnish such particulars as | ‘we have succeeded in getting together. And asthe has before done us the honor of very extensively quoting our statements and calculations, and as we are quite jetta eye of ~~ respot sibilities attached to reports likely to influence ma. ‘the fate of tens of thousands of our fellow- 8, we beg all who read these lines to draw very wide distinction, which we ourselves draw, Between such portions of the following reports as are a authenticated character, and of the correctness of which there can be no possible ques- tion, and such portions as are avowedly formed w no better basis than that of conjecture; conject imdeed arrived at with some caution, and formed with eg most entire absence of any interested mol . With this proviso, to which we beg t*e most | marked attention, we proceed, first, to give a tabu- lar return of the amount of es received weekly, by the armed escorts, by which the great bulk of the precious metal is now conveyed, to the two pri i markets of the colony, for its disposal. We give t im the form annexed, by way of enabling distant readers to judge for themselves, as to the regular aad continuous progress of this astonishing yield. In the beginning of the month of October, 1851, the government escort was first established, leaving the diggings, and arriving in town usually once a week, and the quantities which it has since brought down are as follows:— | From Oct. 1, 1851, to Aug. 26, 1862... ...896,810 oz. | About the month of June, various causes of dissa- tiefaction existing in the management of the govern- meut escort, afew gentlemen united to establish a oe escort; conveying the gold at a lower charge the government, and managing the details of their ii with more ene and _ intelligence. ‘The quantities conveyed by them in each week, since their establishment, are as follows:— PRIVATE ESCORT. From June 21 to August 21, 1s, +++, +207,588 oz. But in addition to these very large quantities, great = of gold have been aud still are, conveyed to ‘the towns by private hand; the charge of one per eent by government, and sixpence per ounce by the Private escort, being considered very high for the conveyance of gold seventy or eighty miles, and nei- ther goverfiment nor private couipany absolutely guarantecing its safety. In estimating the amounts conveyed by private hand, we have no secure data to go upon; but check- ing our own impressions by references to those in the porition to be best infermed, we should state the Eoate proportion asfillows. From the estab- ment of the government escort to that of the com! , we think that at least an equal quantity of eee down by ate haud, as the government escort was unpopular, and the charge was considered excessive. Since the commencement of the proceed- ings of the private escort the quantity conveyed by | the owners themselves rxobabl declined for the | first month from an equal amount to that conveyed by escort, to about one-half that quantity. For the last two months the roads have become so broken up, and robberies so frequent. that pecanaradteely few @iggers venture to brmg down their own gold; and the proportion between the two modes of conveyance | is bly as about one to four. way of testing the continuity of yield of the | two gold fields of the colony, Mount Alexander and it, let us take a monthly average, adding the amount probably conveyed privately to those dis- Sor at age as having passed through the ee54 45, i | F & 3 a Ounces. Ounces. OCTOBER. APRIL. | Quantity by escort. 9,241 By escort 67.556 | Private hand... 9.241 Private hand 67,555 135,112 By escort... Private hand Total... By government escort 99,751 Company's escort... 8,909 | Private hand... 54,330 | | TORT: 6663 nese seas 162,990 | aeLy. | Government escort. .200,876 | Company's e<cort. 70 | 107,216 Private hand 636 | 55,889 839 Total . Government escort ..15 111,778 Company’s escort. Private hand... By evcort... 61,389 Private hand 61,389 © Total .......... ‘These returns refer principally to amounts of gold eonveyed from the principal gold-field of the colony, or Mount Alexander and its neighborhood. Besides this, large quantities have also been brought dowa by escort from Ballarat, Of this, mo accurate return | ‘being obtainable from the government, we must esti- mate the gross amount by taking an average from returns actually ascertained; and we may state the whole quantity received, and not included in the above table, at about 40,000 ounces. Thus, then, estimating our gold harvest as above, | ‘we have the following returns :— | Ounees. | 18,482 t Total ounces..... oe Or 73 tons, 16 cwt., 64lbs., 6 ounces. To prove that this estimate is not exaggerated, let us turn to the quantities actually shipped, or now ing in the hands of the Treasury, banks, &¢., in Relbourne, Geelong, and elsewhere. We first present an entire list of the shipments of rior to last April, and 251 since then. fait of that wectype cag age foe poe of Oy conveyed by eac! jp at the rat one nt each of siie paasonaress whom we shall eotmnaie vat 20; this would give a total of 36,000 ounces. For the last half of that period, we will estimate the number of passengers at fifty to each vessel, and raise the average of gold conv. to two pounds per head; this will give a total 301,200 ounces, or a general total thus conveyed of 337,200 ounces. It may appear that wesbould deduct the amount so ex- sorted in vessels for Adelaide, as it may already swell e amount in the Assay Office return of that colony; but large quantities have leit South Australia, which have never passed through that office; and we are aware that our general estimate is so much within the truth that it is not worth while to notice such a comparative trifle as this. O1the amount of held in private hands in the towns of this colony, it is impossible to form any accurate iy our last return, we stated it at 24,000 ounces, and we think it may uow safely be about quadrupled, or put down at 100,000 ounces. Lastly, we come to the probable weights held by the diggers, storekeepers, &c., at the gold fields, and on the roads totown. The number of diggers at Mount Alexander and Ballarat cannot now be leas than seventy thousand; probably they muster many more, but we will take them at that." In a previous calculation, we put down the quantity of gold not yet brought to market at four ounces per head, of all rome engaged in that occupation; and this calcu- ‘ion we afterwards found reason to believe to have been very near the truth. We will fix the same ave- | rage now, which will give a total under this head of 280,000 ounces. Let us now recapitulate the amounts stated under their several heads, and we shall have a tolerably fair opinion of the whole yield of the Victorian gold fields up to this day:— Ounces. Amountactually shipped... ...........+ 1,240,628 Amount deposited in the treasury, Private Escort Company, and banks. + $10,377 Amount paid into Ade'aide assay office 264,317 Probable amount exported in private cus- ON oi dasncdais ed guineas savin sie: ede 337,200 Probable amount in private hands in Mel- bourne and Geelong..............-.66 100,000 Probable amount in the hands of dig- gers, &c., at the gold fields and on the BOMB a nctass soins cosines heen toe ats 280,000 Grand general total of the yield of the Victoria gold fields to this date........ 2,532,422 Or 105 tons, 10 cwt., 35 Ibs., and 2 ounces. As to the money value of this enormons export we may remark that’ we appear to have got into the habit of very ly undervaluing it. Before we had any means of arriving at a knowledge of tts ac- tual value, the price was fixed at its current figure in the market; and we have hitherto still adhered to the old culculation of three pounds per ounce. This now, however, has been proved to be ridiculously low, | and the account sales already received would seem tify a much higher valuation. It is safe, pro- y, to take it at ten shillings higher, at least as, h the current price in the market is still be- low that, the profits of the exporter may just as fairly be considered as a portion of our national income as e really received by the digger ; and between £3 10s, and the price that Victorian gold realizes in London, an ample margin still exists tor the share of | the British capitalist, in freight, insurance, ex- change, &c. culating, then, our gold at the price we have i its an export of £8,- rbd can make them, we have in every instance se our estimates upon so moderate a scale that | nal conviction that the total value of the yield of gold up to this date, will be much nearer twelve millious than the sum above stated. Its rate of increase and present amount, our readers can judge of for themselves, by the elaborate tables presented. THE PERMANENCE OF THE GOLD FIELDS. On this subject various opinions are entertained; some people boldly asserting that the very existence of these mines will be a matter of history in two or three years; and others, with equal confidence, pro- nouncing them inexhaustible. Our own impressions, formed upon a tolerably attentive study of the sub- ject, and confirfned by constant intercourse with 1n- telligent men of all classes who have visited or worked at the mines, are decidedly in favor of their continu- ance, and of their very considerable further develope- meut. The whole history of gold discovery in Aus- tralia ssems to Page to the almost unlimited extent of the gold fields of the continent, and in spite of all the activity engendered by the desirable nature of | the object sought for, it seems unlikely that we have as yet discovered all the gold mines, or even the richest lands which the whole continent contains. Science has done little or nothing for us. Our pro- | esses in obtaining the gold are of the rudest nature. | | The search is characterised almost solely by what ¢ | the sailors well call ‘sheer strength and stupidity.” | ges of working men, premising that when the term | From the very extended diffusion of gold throughout- the country, it seems unlikely that the field will be | exhausted within any reasonable time. Events, we conceive, have shown that a vast belt of highly auriferous land extends across the conti- | nent from our own fields to those of Bathurst and its neighborhood, and from thence to the banks of the Hunter, and the back of Moreton Bay; a belt of land | of hundreds of miles in length, and of unknown width. This colony, in pe seems to contain | gold in every direction. It has been found at the Py: i bees, atthe Wardy Yallock, at Ballarat, at the Clunes, at Mount Alexander, and Bendigo; at An- derson’s Creek, sixteen mes from Melbourne, near | Wangaratta, on the Ovens, at Mitta Mitta,on the | Murray; it has been found even in the streets of Mel- bourne itself. | Even while these lines are being written, news has arrived from Adelaide, announcing that an available gold field has been found within eighteen miles of that city. It is not, indeed, likely to prove equal to Monnt Alexander, but it appears, upon competent , authority, to be, at all events, remunerative. | iven supposing, then, that the days of rapid for- | 8 should pass by, and that by some singular co- 6 | incidence, ignorant men, in a burried and desultory ; search, have stumbled upon all the large “nuggets,” by which so many of them have been raised to com- etence in a day, we hold that there are sufficient indications of the almost universal diffusion of gold in this country to justify a belief that an ample re- ! turn will be attainable for Pe: tocome, by any man capable of hard work, and willing to exert himself | with intustry and steadiness. OUR OTHER EXPORTS. Next upon the list of matters interesting to people at home, we presume that we may place the article of wool. Recent advices have apprised ns how will mend, and the rate ‘of carriage wil ain = PR mapa yn : an arrngernent’ should ofthe or the with wooden or iron 5 that of the conveyance of the wes! to the 1r oh Ibe 0 ts of all classes will do well to culties will be ove! “that ‘a Brect stim eventually shipped; net perhay i pert = Seo y comme prepared red item, oF in the Condition, dutthe great | discovery of our gold fields. We now annex, for on elect eore i na od further tion, a list of the present prices The of the of Australia upon | for a few of the principal articles of general consump- the future production vf wool, is a’matter of very serious considerat¥in. The cou! is capable of producing a far l6ger quantity, if the land was di- vided and maneyed in a more intelligent and effi- sas mene Saye Yee pects that wages will ru yn upon the @rerage. may reach a rate which the settler cannot very wi afford to pay. We do not think this likely, because in all large col- lections of men, it numbers are found who prefer an easy life with smaller remuneration, to severe la- bor well paid; and we think that a sufficient number of such men will be included in the very extensive immigration now setting in upon our shores, to sup- ply a competent number of shepherds and hut-keep- ers for our settlers. But the very extensive deser- tion of these pursuits for the more profitable employ- ment at the mines, is even ring roducing a vey serious effect in the propagation disease, ie now spreading with great rapidity in many districts, and its virulence being sadly aided by the necessity of rupning the sheep in bo flocks, and not paying proper attention to their folding grounds. Another most im it consideration is suggest- ing itcelf in reference to this subject, in the proba- ble effect upon the wool of our sheep by the almost certainly increased value of the carcass. eee pulation pouring in with unexampled rapidity, e question arises as to the Ge Senge el present stock | able of severe manual labor, who, with delicat of sheep and cattle long being able to supply the wants of the een ee food; and any possible t way must so materially affect the price of meat, that it is quite within the bounds of possibility that the day may come. when prospect of scarcity in the value of the carcass may bear such a proportion to that of the fleece, that the latter may be nearly al- | supply. fogetten neglected. ‘emay perhaps be allowed to hint at one very obvious mode of assisting the settlers to overcome their present and future difficulties. An increase in the price of wool of sixpence, eightpence, or a shil- ling a pound would enable them to do wonders in meeting a high rate of wages; and the hard-headed and intelligent manufacturers of England will do well to consider this view of the subject; and make up mete minds, if the Australian fleece is in reality ort pound will be very far from thrown away. Two things lénd particular importance to the resent subject, and they are well worth the atten- ion of those interested in the continued supply of Al One is the absurd and barbarous sent occupation of the Crown lands, Australian wool. system of the which, amount g almost to a monopoly in favor of a few hundred squatters, produces the certain effects of all monopolics—waste and mis-management—the sacrifice of the interests of a community to the bene- fit of a class, and the interruption of the natural pro- gress of a country capable, ibly,of being eventu- ally made everything that England herself is. The other evil is presented in the feeling of irritation excited in the minds of the rest of the community, by the unreasonable nature of the demands of these gentlemen, in reference to their claims to the exclu- sive possession of the lands, and the unscrupulous means adopted for the accomplishment of their object. If measures be not taken to relieve them from their resent position of distinct antagonism to the great bulk of the people, we fear the result will be that in- stead of being assisted in their pursuits, it will be- come a sort of religion upon the part of the colonists so to hamper and oppose them, as eventually to do away with them as mere nuisances, whose obstruct- iveness, and want of adaptation to the altered condi- tion of the times, render their very existence incom- patible with the welfare of the colony. Of the minor articles of export, we have little to say. The increased value of stock for slaughter will almost entirely do away with the Hatin Ome sys- tem, and the further export of tallow will most pro- bably be very trifling indeed. As for hides and horns, and bark and ones, &e., if our mercantile friends at home expect much attention to be paid to “such small deer,’’ by a people ee up to their ankles in gold, we think that they will be likely to find themselves grievously disappointed. THE CROPS. The great drain upon the labor market, and the profitable use of working cattle in conveying stones to the diggings, have prevented vel much of the land in this colony from being put under crop. And again, the extravagant rates of fodder—hay being frequently rather higher in pace than brown sugar —huve caused attention to these articles, to the ee: judice of the growth of wheat. As the only other great granaries of these seas—Van Diemen’s Land and South Australia—have also parted with a vast mass of their laboring population, we fear that the quantity of breadstuffs which they will be able to supply will fall very far short of ourabsolute wants. The Sydney district, even in favorable seasons, cannot supply itself, and therefore we believe that very large importations of flour will be requisite. A few desultory speculations of the Americans to Sydney have turned out unfavorably, which may indispose even the enterprising Yankees to further ventures; but we hold a ‘ze opinion that we shall be willing purchasers of this great article of food, occasionally, at very profitable rates indeed. We now proceed say a few words of the eligibility of this colony as A FIELD FOR EMIGIATION. To men able and willing to earn an honest living by the sweat of their brow, we need do little more an point to the elaborate details furnished above of the astonishing richness of the cot , to enable them to form their own opinion as to the propriety of venturing to come amongst us. For their further guidance, we annex a few of the current rates of wa- “ rations” is mentioned, it means about ten pounds of beef or mutton, ten pounds of flour, a quarter of a pound of tea, and two pounds of sugar, weekly: — Married couples, (without family,) per annum, 2 £ ith rations, Ditto, with fami Shepherds, with rations, per annum Hutkeepers, peranuum ......... one General useful servants, with rations, per annum 40 to 50 Bullock drivers, with rations per annum........ or £1 to £110 per week. Bullock drivers for the roads, £3 to £4 per week. Gardeners, per annum... to 59 Cooks, £1 to £1 10 per week 59 to 00 Bush carpenters, with rations 50 to 60 Stockkeepers. 50 to 56 Grooms. 50 to 60 | Carpenters, per annum — to 60 Blacksmiths, per annum General farm servants, weekly, £1 to £1 6s. Compositors, 1s. 04. per thousand. Presemen, £4 per week. Shearers,’ £6 per week, and rations. Seamen, for London, £50 for the run home, or £10 per month. Coasting, £5 to £8 for the run, or £7 to £8 per mont FEMALE SERVANTS. mapexeance to them, that a few extra pence per = s = s tion. ‘The rates we give are not those ordinarily figuriag in commercial prices current, but just the prices they would have to pay if going the usual round of sho, ing for the supply of their househol The four pound | 16d.; beef and mutton are 4d. cheese 28.; eggs ‘ 8. 6d. per Ib.; coffee 18. 44.5 sugar 8d. to 4d.; loaf do. 74.; ham and baton 2s.; candles 8d.; 4d. to coe © 1s, 6d. per quart; potatoes 5 ef per tous fire wood £4 for a load” that four bullocks will draw through bad roads; water 6s. per load of about two hogsheads; hay £14 to £18 per ton, and oats 98. to Joe, per bushel. Sgn 1 see, there- fore, that they have rather a formidable list of prices to encounter, and they should weigh well their o! of an income to meet all this before deciding to come amongst us. There is one class especially which we would strongly urge to be cautious what they do. It is the ve class of clerks and shopmen, &c., with which all civilized countries seem ly deluged. With this description of labor this market is con- stantly largely overstocked; and eager as is the de- mand for most kinds of labor, it is quite distressing to notice the number of worthy young men, inca health, and probably still more delicate purses, swarm our towns in search of employment, e: to very heavy expenses which they can earn ig to meet, ‘and. Sertrc sinking into poverty, and too often into dissipated habits, till they vanish some- where, and make way for the constantly recurring Such men have rarely been successful at the diggings; the demand for their labor in their ac- customed pi its is very limited in proportion to their numbers, and we distinctly warn them that in rashly throwing up good situations at home, and trying their luck here, they are guilty of an act that is little better than sheer ac ed We have now one other subject, and a very painful one, to discuss. Itis that of OUR SOCIAL CONDITION. Deeply interested as we are in the welfare of the colanys and naturally tenacious of its character, it is with the most sincere sorrow that we confess that its present condition, in a social point of view, is almost as bad as it well can be. from the natural effects of a rich gold coun- in Siawing eee a population of atleast a very adventurous character, our near neighborhood to the island into which Great Britain so recklessly persists in pouring the criminalsfrom her crowded jails, has very seriously affected the composition of our commu- nity. From this source many thousands of the great- est wretches alive have reached our shores, and the tone thereby imparted to our noclery is one which every good citizen must painfully deplore. Added to this, a negueenty feeble, and incompetent govern- ment has by its laxity, its parsimony, and its abso- lute imbecility, so complicated and fomented the evils around “us, that the social constitution of the colony is in the most wretched condition. Crimes of the most fearful character and degree abound on all sides; the roads swarm with bush- rangers; the streets with burglars and desperadoes of every kind. In broad daylight, and in our most public streets, men have been knocked down, ill- used and robbed; and shops have been invaded by armed ruffians, who have ‘‘stuck up” the inmates and rifled the premises, even situated in crowded thoroughfares. At night, men dare not walk the streets, and thieves appear to be so thick upon the ground, and to be so unceasing in their operations, that we feel certain they must often rob each other. Murders of the most frightful character have become so numerous that they scarcely excite attention for a day, and such is the inefficiency of our police system that scarcely since the foundation of the Colony has any one perpetrator of premeditated murder been brought to justice. The police are cowed, or leagued with the actors in the outrages; witnesses and prose- cutors are bribed or intimidated from appearing; the administration of the law is fast sinking into con- tempt; case after case is so confused with perjury and cross-swearing that the facts are entirel hidden ; jurors are so scared with the condi- tion of things around, that they are only too eager to return unfavorable verdicts, but this disposition is so complicated by the incapacity of one at least of the principal law officers of the crown, that the re- sults are most disastrous. It is a shocking thing to say it, but we really believe that in many of the cases adjudicated upon in our criminal courts, what with perjury, the absence of witnesses, the fears of panic- stricken jurors, and the blunders of those who con- duct the prosecutions, no more substantial justice is administered, than would be the fact if cases were left to the chance decision of a ‘toss up.” We have all the evils of Lynch law without its vigor and its promptitude, and a very considerable portion of the community make no ceremony of advocating the in- troduction of that barbarous and sanguinary prac- ice. ‘This is doubtless a painful picture. It is, alas! too true a one ; we wish that we could soften its tints, or | color it a Itttle more brightly. But we have shown | the advantages of the colony; we cannot honestly snppress its evils. We write to inform, not to mis- | lead; and whatever the aspect of the colony, our duty at present is simply to describe it. ed Theatrical and Mustcal. Bowery ‘Tneatre.—The drama of the ‘“ Loet Ship” will commence the entertainments this even- ing, with Mr. Eddy in his great character of Ben Trenant. The scenery is beautiful. Miss G. Dawes | and Mr. Fletcher in a id pas de deux, and Miss | Hiffert will sing ‘I'll be no Submissive Wife.” The amusements conclude with the equestrian drama of “ Mike Martin.” Broapway THEATRe.—There can be very little doubt but that the Broadway theatre will be crowded | in every department this evening, as Madame Marietta Alboni appears as ‘‘ Norma,” in which she Sangiovanni and may be said to be without a rival. Coletti will sustain the other two leading characters. The entertainments will conclnde with the farce of ; the “ Two Bonnycastles.” Nis.o’s GaRpEN.—Madame Henrietta Sontag, | whose charming vocalization has given such gencral satisfaction since she opened in opera at Niblo’s, ap- pears to-night in Amina, in “La Sonnambula,” when, no doubt, another crowded house may be anti- cipated. She will be aided in the other leading parts | by Badiali and Pozzolini. Burton's THEATRE.—This favorite resort offers an excellent programme for this evening. The old and excellent comedy of the “ Heir at Law” will commence the entertainments. Messrs. Johnston, Fisher, Burton, Th) Mrs. Hughes, Mra. Thorough servants, per aunu 20 to 26 | Fisher, and Mrs. Skerrett, in the primcipal charac- Housemaids, 4 25 | ters. All will close with ‘One Thousand Milliners Laundresses, do. 25 | Wanted.” Nursemaids, ‘ 2 Cooks, d 2 25 to 30 Nurses, governesses, or needlewomen. Carpenters, stonemasons, blacksmiths, the towns, are receiving, without rations, froin igs. to 20s. per day. é What the colony is in the most urgent need of, | howevee, is female servants of cn eligible character, and this want is the source of great annoyance in most families now resident here. The voluntary immigration to a gold country is naturally composed rs | . employed in | NaTIONAL THEATRE. —The benefit of oon and Tay- lor comes off this evening, when all their friends and admirers are expected to attend. The pieces select- ed are the drama called the ‘ Bloodhounds,” the melo-dramatic speetacle of the “ Dumb Man of Man- chester,” and the “Savoyard and his Monkey.” Miss Deforest will sing ‘‘ Ben Bolt,” and Miss Partington | will dance a favorite pas. | Wauxack’s TuEatre.—The comedictta of “ A | Handsome Husband” will cominence the amusements Im frem Mexico. [Translated fon Bt es ee ne On hing the end of the » We were eckson ocx rio Sa to the frien ent - era of Bar , which the journals theré and here a for sidhors Hine beet deere What- ever may have in, Hi was founded the rumor that circulated on this sub- ject, we have observed, with a feeling of disappoint- ment, that-none of the journals wished to say any- thing of it. at least that we have been able to notice, not ding the numerous arrivals which from that time to this have reached here from Huro} ie ‘We can hardly be convinced that the articles rela- tive to that idea of well known and transcendent , were not something more than the fruit of certain speculative ideas of some public writers in England and France. Neither can we believe that this affair was divulged and flung into the arena with the sole object of exciting discussions, and of eliciting the clear manifestation of public opinion. No; for various motives we have been induced to suspect that the thought of this intervention had its birth in one of those cabinets, either of its own ac- cord, or moved te it by some other cabinet of the same continent. This belief is strengthened and en- forced by the events which have occurred since the egy ,and the strange attempts which, within is period, have been repeated, to the scandal of the whole world, as well as by orrreing calculated to multiply the fears which subsist, it, sooner or later, but in “4 time not very distant, these scenes may be renewed. From the time that the United States, with a per- fidy Soebly. remarkable in modern times, provoked war with , and tore away the mask with which they had concealed their int ntions for more than twenty years, there remained no doubt throughout the republic. if, indeed, there could ever have been any doubt, of the true designs of these States; and must have been cognizant of them then, in a like manner. Since these hostilities—bloody and dis; ful even to the jueror—Mexico has re- mained dismembered, but not free from all future ag- gression, notwithstanding the sacrifices, so it and costly as those to which she had to submit, to par- tially satisfy the insatiable covetousness of the ag- ‘And we proper! to satisfy “partially” this nd we properly say, s covetousness Wrhish ows NO lite mare, those which nature has placed to their vast territory. For the hundredth time, we have been recent- y told by a journal of the United States, at the cabinet of President Polk desired to secure the incorporation of the whole Mexican re- ponies inthe United States, under the pretext that, virtue of this act alone, could Mexico enjoy a con- stant peace for the future. It might have been ne- cessary to ask this philanthropic administration from whence it comes that this peace is disturbed. Mexico never desired war—never gave cause for Mexico has never desired that peace should be inter- rupted, since she knows that her first necessity is ‘ace, Without which she will not obtain consolidation. ‘his the natural enemies of Mexico know well, and since their interest, diametrically opposite to that of Mexico, is precisely that this republic should not strengthen and flourish, they lose no opportunity | whatever of fomenting discord, even when they themselves do not introduce it. Availing themselves of the consequences which discord naturally pro- duces, they enhance the necessity of their fraternal intervention, or rather magnify some petty dis- asters of their own citizens—misfortunes whic! inhabitants of the country; they proclaim the casus belli, and proceed to do them justice with their own hand, a thing which Mexico herself has in no case denied to them—therefore, Mexico is not to be blamed that peace is not constant. It is true that had they made themselves masters of the whole Mexican republic, as Polk wished, and reduced the Mexicans to the miserable condition in which the indigenous people of the North were, | which would have been the inevitable consequence | of that real conquest, under the name of incorpora- tion, peace would be constant, because North Ameri- can cupidity would have no object to disturb it; and under this point of view we must concede the truth of the reasoning. Connected with this subject there is one matter to which we must allude, although it is stale, since we cannot endure it patiently. It has been said in a journal of the United States, that when General Scott found himself in the city of Mexico, the Mexi- can people desired annexation, and had also made him some proposals to that effect. A greater false- hood was never published nor invested with that ve tone which it been true, as is now pretended, it is very sure that certain compatriots of this military chief would have found in it to-day a motive to accuse him of disobe- dience of the orders which had becn given to him. He would have complied with his orders, no doubt, and Mexico would have owed her shameful humiliation to the want of patriotism of her own sons. Fortunately the invention is too gross to have deserved, even from teal epicel or careless readers, one moment of at- ention. Let us turn to European intervention. We have ndicated that since the time of the North American nvasion in Mexico, it appeared natural that those powers should have seriously occupied themselves with the subject. Our defective lights do not permit us to discover the origin of that indifference with which they have appeared to contemplate that which was passing here, so much the more when we con- ider the sympathy which we merited from all. But, besides, the spirit of conquest once excited and flattered hy atoneatiyy triumphs, it was to be | supposed that the Mexican campaign being ended, a new theatre of operations would be opened to nourish its ardor. The Island of Cuba, in effect, presented itself as most suited to the case, as well by its proxi- mity as be elements which are believed to exist in it, of disaffection to the government and of dis- union poe the inhabitants. From what we have said, it could not, or ought not to be a subject of sur- prise for Spain, that Cuba should be the second thea- tre of operations for these filibusteros of the day, who, | not being in high favor in their own countries, for their re-clevating qualities, say that they are charged with the holy mission of depriving foreign people— who have neither sought them nor called them—of the invaluable gifts of liberty, of good morals—of all those virtues, in fine, which make people great and happy, and submissive and obedient to their gover- | The Spanish chief of the island fulfilled his | nors. duty, and the enemy was repulsed. Then, at least, appeared to have arrived the oppor- tunity for the principal powers of Europe to have oc- cupied themselves with the necessity of pooridiig for the security of their colonies in this part of the globe, and sheltering them from all future aggression of the same kind. And it was natural to hope that to pro- vide lastingly for this necessity, oF would not lose sight of the indications against Mexico, whose an- nexation to the United States has been so often an- nounced by the latter as an act which must take place, but tr which would result an ed ment of territory and of power which could not fail to destroy in time the influence and preponderance of Europe in the whole of this hemisphere. Some days will pass, doubtless, without any mention being made there of such an idea, and in the meantime the pseudo liberals will return to the charge with greater force. The complete triumph which the troops of the island pained over them is known, as is also the fury with which the intelligence of it was received at the North, and the barbarous and wild rage with which these blind partizans committed every kind of excesses, venting their rancor on peaceable and unarmed citizens, without respecting even the con- are | numerous, in such unlucky circumstunces, to all the | the appearance of truth. Had | | | | | | i humor which such - ara et the sul formally, to bring up to their su} Mr. Monod and his doctrines, uid fo suai at the dot powers their. unmeasured arrogance; * while they hold it to be well understood, have said so a thousand times, that the United States will never consent that any nation of Europe shal?, ~ by any title whatsoever, interfere directly or indi- rectly in American affairs. Ai this, on both sides, appears to us &@ Yare Bxtra, vagance. So we hold for a true perma) . § necessity— let Mr. Monroe and his dis¢‘yicy say what wil! —the intervention, Gonsiderca cae ite pe hy Our Washington Correspondence. Wasuineton, Jan. 23, 1853. The Historical Lecture of Ex-Secretary Grahars, In the interesting lecture of the Hon, W. A. Gra- ham, delivered before the New York Historical Soci- ety, on the evening of Thursdag last, and very fully” reported in the Hxzraup of the following morning, there is an allusion made to David Fanning, who was chief of the tory commanders in North Carolina during the revolutionary war; and who, it is stated, “has left a character, in the traditions of the country, associated with every crime savoring of rapacity, re- venge or cruelty,” and which ‘caused him, with two others only, to be specially excepted from the provisions of the act of pardon and oblivion passed by the Legislature at the conclusion of the peace.” He is further described by Mr. Graham as having outlived the war, and taken refuge in the loyalist set-- tlement of Nova Scotia. * It was not in that province that Mr. Fanning found a home, but in Prince Edward island, which has re- cently attracted notice, owing to the agitation of the fishery question, and which had been formed into a separate government in 1769—six years after. it was ceded to Great Britain by France, subsequent to the carkte of Snshes: aS eee a oe which ha away in one day , to persons hav- claims on the British government; divided into lots of 80,000 acres each, under the extraordinary condition that they should be settled with foreign Protestants, from parts of Europe not in the Bing’s dominions, or who had resided two years in his do- a Fanning quitting this jubsequent ol. Fant uit country, he obtained the rank of a ener officer: in the Ba tish service, and was appointed Governor of Prince Edward Island, then known as that of St. John, where he determined to reside until the period of his death; bequeathing a large property to two h- ters, both of whom are living at Charlottetown, the capital; and who, if not pos ing the sterner nature of their father, inherit his conservative disposition. They are, however, accomplished and estimable la- dies, and evince in their deportment those superior and refined manners so characteristic of the meaner classes in the South, from which they are descended. WasuincrTon, Jan. 27, 1853. Reciprocity—Effect of the Proposition Entertained by the Committee on Commerce to Admit Ameri- can Timber mto England Free of Duty—Obsta- cles to be Overcome—Position of the Question Be- fore the Chamber of Commerce—Defeat of the Branch Mint Bill. The Committee on Commerce will be prepared this week to report a bill on the subject of reciprocity and the fisheries. Mr. Seymour, the chairman, intends to give notice of submitting the report, which will pro- bably be made on Monday or Tuesday. It is propos- ed to introduce a clause providing for the admission of American timber into Great Britain free of duty, as one of the terms upon which reciprocity shall be granted. But there are difficulties attending this measure, that-would defeat the object of the framers of the bill. These are two-fold, as respects the trea- ties between England and the foreign powery of the continent, which, I believe, provide that their trade with that country shall be placed on the same footing as that of the most favored nations ; and, se- condly, with reference to colonial interests. The first: of these difficulties might probably be disposed of in accordance with the principles of free trade. Notso with the second. Owing to the proximity of England to the conti- nent, Baltic timber, which is of a superior quality, can be chipped at a lower rate of freight, and less time is occupied in the voyage, than from this side of the Atlantic. And in addition to this, the low price of labor in Europe, makes the cost of the article at the shipping port much less than it is in America. To enable the colonies to compete with Europe, as. regards timber—and the same remark would apply to the United States—discriminating duties are levied. n England. At one time these were so enormously high that vessels could load at ports in the North of Europe,take their cargoes to the British provin them there, reload,and carry them to England, where they are entered as British Umber, the expen eins more than covered by the reduction of duty. din. this way a profit was realized over and above that derived from the sale of the timber. From time to time these duties have been. aay, reduced, Co pedal pees ane about meet the dif- ference of freight, leaving an advantage on the side of the European, on account of the cheapness of labor. Against these successive reductions, the colo- nies have uniformly contended; and if Baltic timber could be introduced into England free of duty, the effect would be destructive of their lumberihg and ship-building interests, which, at present, are in a flourishing condition. Coeinenny if the bill should contain such a provision, and it obtains the sanction of Congress, we shall hear no more of reci- rocity on the part of Canada and New Brunswick, th which provinces are extensively en, in the manufacturing of timber and in ship - The Nova Scotians, however, would care little about it, - that province has an agricultural and fishing popu- tion. At present, timber cut in the State of Maine and sent down the St. John, to be shipped to England, pays the same duty there as that manufactured im the province, the Ashburton treaty providing that it shall be treated as British timber. pie pepe of that State, however, overshot the mark en they insisted upon such a proviso, as it will be seen that when shipped from a British tee it must partake of its national character when it arrives in England; and, consequently, there was no necessity for such a [Seehof In the present state of the public mind ia England, a proposition to admit foreign timber free of duty, would doubtless meet with the favorable consideration of the government; butI repeat, it would be bch opposed by the colonies, and would have, probably, the effect of postponing the decision of the fishery question for another year, un- less a discretionary power were vested in the Presi- | dent. The Committee on Commerce, however, will es | come to a decision until the tenor of the tween Great Britain and foreign powers shall have been ascertained. The coal interest has been found too strong in the committee, and the continuance ¥ large a proportion our production in that way bears sular representative of a friendly nation. Unhappy to the great quantity of wool now absolutely re- of a very large proportion of males. Men have y proy of male: a Cuba!—once and a thousand times unhappy—if flocked here by tens of thousands, accompanied by | but a very small comparative number of women and | children, and as the first thought of a successful dig- | ger is generally to get married, and provide himself | a home, the small proportion of women amongst us | of this evening, after which the orchestra will per- form a variety of popular airs. Miss Malvina will next dance ‘‘La Bayadere,”’ and the entertainments will conclude with Coleman’s fine comedy of the “Heir at Law,” in which Blake, Brougham, Walcott, Reynolds, Miss Laura Keene, and Mrs. Blake, will of. poles will Mr etre eng 3 Mor seer pee 2 fais “A ‘» | mitted to be imported from the colonies free uty, an ae witty ili tl beste ony the | on condition that American fishermen will have a Nertisaler santas Gf the tal ‘ have see | right to take and cure fish on the North American themeelves masters of the islan | coast; and the lumbering interests of Maine will only the gold actually entered through the customs, by every vessel, since the first discovery :— | quired for the ¢onsumption of Great Britain; and of RBCAPITULATION. si | the anxiety betrayed by the manufacturers as to any (From August, 1551, to September 1, 1852.] | delay in the arrival, or falling off in the quantity of Ounces. | an artiele in the regular supply of which they ‘are Yor the third time, rumors of a new expedition | 5 ‘ ; : {Behr } . | be propitiated by a clause providing for the free ad- _— acto so iramedia ly interested. i __ | is soon removed from the sphere of domestic service, | appear. are afloat, the destination ot which is not fixed, | minions ef Atnecleats tienbecin oneal Britain. Thisis , el ren , We are unable to supply details so authentic upon | Although, doubtless, many rash and foolish matches | Warrs’ Tararne or Vanrertes.—The drama of | “ince some i ped it directed against come pagel of | the present latitude and longitude of the Committee lll Soe aenn ab this, which was so lately our principal article of ex- | are made, it is to be hoped that the majority may | the “ Rake’s Progress,” together with the amusing coast of Mexico, whilst others, who are the most | on Commerce. “ ——— aswe have done with regard t w and | turn out weil; and, meantime, the splendor of a dig- | pieces entitled the ‘Loan ‘of a Lover,” and the | she Pali hp Seidel Nag oS The defeat of the Branch Mint bill yesterday, waz eal rival. As to the last clip, the people ia- | wer's wedding is eomething rathe ling to ordi- | “Lottery Ticket,” form the entertainment to be | Almost of the same time, te int ® | rather unexpected to the friends, as Well. as oppon- of ESET gy pineaapeon pole yi be : le er to form their own veople. Young Irish orphan girls, who searce- | given at this popular establishment to-night. ents he measure, after the decide: items, without an ‘allowance for which, no proy ep Mie $ pi Seay are hd AMERICAN Mcsevm.—General Tom Thumb’s en- its rejection, and the motion to lay it on the tabl, © estimate of our astonishing wealth could be formed. at ten or twelve shillings a yard, and djcdainfully de: | Bagement is to close this y Those who have not | powers of Europe— Eager d adh Rk Alga ait In the first piace, it must be recollected that the cline the purchase of a shawl, hecatise the poor shop. | Xt Seen him should avail themselves of the present famanity and the Bro io als, anc aaetiey bie. ot sie ener raga opportunity. The dramatic performances for this ention Ww rooks were indefatigable in their exertions to p ding of the South Australian ing the price of gold at er Ot pear to den es should ce keepers do oh happen to have got the article worth | cure the attendance o/ the friends of a Branch Mint at not less neas each. | afternoon and evening, will he the same as yester- nly have secured lo: fi = New York, who were unfortunately absent, and fect of causing a | bility of as of the color day. but which will not fail to be attended w: 4 i i rome 4 aon the abe on fete Fat) alc y ha vs.—The wonderful cannon ball featsof Mons. | tenefit, for “Age edi Bh capte Bb which enabled its opponents to bring the issue to av. ge Doge u ‘ he ii 2. atria xercises and ‘ » | Unfortu: termination. It is probable. however, \ to a matter upon which o ions differ. orne, equestrian exercises and gymuasti tend to co ha tablishing say office will be 26 lief is, that the shearing will be effected | to the ann tg ne Li al ae Aa atcnaloe | engratled in the Civil and Diplomatic bill, by the this we will deduct the qi h unusual d i . pete ney the Amphitheatre. The popular clown, Sam Lathrop, Coe in the Civil and Diplomatic bill, cA 1e customs, as «bh ed for ve to t - i noy: . will appear. 7 i " ra Renate, i 5 Q » be g noyances of the colony PP vantayeous position, or of other favorable canses, men - - fore, are alre ca f most male y respectable families | ieTy's Orgna Hov' Christy's Minstrels of- | would seck o apose the law withoutsujecting To Mre. Polk. ee omnces, leaving a bi 1 mey suit the views of the fer a very attractive se ion of yoval and instru- | to those international laws recognized and practised ON WER LEAV , suntan 3 the qua of men ing classes of Great Britain to endeavor to alleviate | mental pieces for this evening. ople—an intervention, in_ fine The following complimentary verses, by the Hon. Is of anks, this distress, cxposing themselves thereby to the | Woon's M provided an ¢ ranty of peace for those State ’ " i on the 3ist August, were as fc) : at it has become asort | very serious danger of having some day to dash down | programme f riggs’ I sions in whose favor it may be established. | Joseph D. Story, were forwarded to the editor of the — Junces em, and betweem them and | our main streets, under a perfect cloud of white spect under which we have considered | Henany, by a friend and correspondent in Tennes- Treasury at Metboume,. 129,121 get their sheep shorn at all | favors, aK the newly-ca Praia wition® Hen rd this intervention, as being the only jovernment agent at Geelong 4540 | miner from “ the Mount,” we Laxp hich it appears to us that tho idea has Private escort Me | are attracting ¢ pen of that eminent jurist w andiences every night to their ry of publication: — neeived. And we do not doubt that, although , tures to settle for themselv« we eninge respective pli gi of Australa t over cet ermanently prosperous or | aes y not have proceeded directly from Spain, as Lady, L heard, with sadden’d heart, ng, at t that the nent of the sexee; and iy t Henien’s Son M ‘ost immediately interested; yet if it will apply he melancholy strain; Dnion Bank in Metbourne and Geelong. heavy char ¢ patronized very € in her case, and will contribute eiicaciously to the So soon from these fair scenes to part, Bank of New South Wales . , provided only Icction for this evenit execution of whatever combined project may spring er to return again. Total 310 vA Parrt's vocalization has created quite a | from it, its fruits must extend to Mexico, whose How swift have flown the busy hours, v 310,3 sensation in Rickanond, Va. terests in the matter are bound up with those of Cuba As strangers, since we met; And now, as ations of t! from the pon of Willian 0, We have placed little faith in those who, pres¢ amounts traus verwhse. fr: p, and its natu " - | F { the National Theatre, Boston, | ing the subject under a very di nt point of view, | the mines, » of rental. L recotyed an offer from a New | lave pretended to attribute to the President of the fact, and in our ¢ rable; an ( * 00 per week, to act a | French Republic the strange intention of forming an the total yield o f e d alliance among various maritime pow: Truth phtey se 5 ~olvea to extim: | 1 Mr . ts to appear at the | aim of making an Fhe bert ot ¥ cae An +i ot 1own the quan- | f Ausewm on Monday evening next xico, to introdines ak . O sik thy fotare days ho blest tities wally ehi n zinknhowa t « ow, dirty | " nods v4 sotideiay at: Sital government enlighte et ct teh ‘ aa, we now have 2 ics probabiy | graning districts. It will be Aion aeaniions, from | Burke, the "eommbtiin, is performing at Reh try and commerce good With all our hearts approves n from the raf not entered 1 them to learn, then, that t ¢ ” OT develope the elements of pr The sunshine of a spotless breast, toms; the quantities held by private | i P onnt county, Tennessee, has | lic porsexses, and enable h ionsly all j _ The Joy of mutual love towns; and the quantities stil! in the hands ores for the actual subsistence of men | t 00,000"to the Lexington | her engagements, To this is added—that the story Farewell—and when thy distant home, gers at the gold ficlds and on the ronda. The amount under the first head, although dim- enit to arrive at, must be very great indeed. A very tive traffic exists amongst the consting yessels,con- | might not want in pantomimic part—that the same chief has inyited the government of the United States to take part im this illustrious miseion, with Whore motive some jowrnals of the Vnited States, y high prices for them; and alao from | Good shops and rible condition of the roads, er properly | that the ow onstantly wet from a severe winter, and cut | high rates we b quoted seer ncessant taflic, Ag thé geason advances, | stil farther, As we see no j Cheered by thy smiles shall be, And o'er the past thick fancies come; ask one thought for me. Feb, 28, 1889, Joseru D. Story, Rasteoad Company, and a like sum to build a railroad bet een that place and Rabua Gap, by way cf Maryville, Subject to the decision of the | egal voters of the county.