The New York Herald Newspaper, January 21, 1853, Page 4

| ; 2» | ad ieee eet tc eo the al of Mecklenburg county, and the first point of and connected in business with » house at Crose His Selina tion, laid a taps i encroachments of the | LECTURE OF HON, W. A. GRAHAM, NEW YORK HERALD. MES GORDON BENNETT, AM OPRIETOR AND EDITOR, OFFICE N. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STS. AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery—Bouxmian Gini—Rook- wou. BROADWAY THEATRE Broadway—La Fictia pm Rac- qmmrre— Une Pere Constssinoris. STBLO’S—Lvcuena Boras. BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambers etreet—Davip Cor- PeayIKLD—ForTunt’s FROLIC. NATIONAL THEATRE, Chatham etreet—Watiace—Fo- waar oF Boypy. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway—A Moruina Cars —Monry. WHITE'S THEATRE OF VARIETIES, 17 and 19 Bowery— Waner Hart Never Won Fak Lapy—Boors at THE SWAN ‘Miscuisy Mak1NG. AMERICAN MUSEUM—Afternoon—Guvsrar Tom THUMB family Jas. Bvening—Hor 0’ My Tuuus—Youne BELLER’S SALOON, 539 Broadway—NECROMANCY, @EORAMA, 566 Broadway—Banvakb’s PANORAMA OF THE ‘Lan. GGRISTY’S OPERA HOUSE, 472 Broadway—Ermoriay ‘Maweraxiey py Conuery’s MivsTRELS. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Musical Hall, 444 Broad- y—Ermoriay MINeTRELSY. ten ike 3 ‘CIRCUS, 37 Bowery—Equesrnian ExTertamncerts. 406 BROADWAY—Rusiey’s Tomes, DOUBLE SHEET. New York, Friday, January 21, 1853. . ‘The News. Perhaps that which will be looked upon as by far ‘the most important portion of the contents of this iesue, particularly by commercial classes, is the an- neal report of the Secretary of the Treasury, which ‘was yesterday presented to Congress, after a delay of some six weeks beyond established usage. We may ‘take the trouble to examine this lengthy document in all ite details and descant upon its merits here- ‘The proceedings in the United States Senate yes- terday, though lacking the importance which cha- racterised them on the two previous days, were quite interesting. After a short debate, a motion to take up the bil! for the payment of the Texas debt, was rejected. By the way, our special correspondent writes that the feeling in favor of liquidating this debt is gaining strength. Mr.Gwin’s scheme for a railroad to the Pacific was again the topic of discussion during the afterncon. It is pleasing to observe that party pre- dilections appear to have been entirely thrown over- ‘board with regard to this measure—nearly all seem to agree that there is absolute necessity for a road of ‘the kind, and the only matters that remain to be settled are as to the line of route and the point of the eastern terminus. eonrse of which, it is understood, the appointment of Mr. Badger, as Judge of the Louisiana district, was under consideration. It is said that the signs now indicate the confirmation of the appointment before the 4th of March. Another lengthy and spirited debate came off in the House of Represenatives on the New York Branch Mint bill. Mr. Seymour made an admirable speech in savor of the measure, which operated with telling ef- feet upon the mere sectional prejudices against it which two or three of the Pennsylvania members bad the day before endeavored to arouse. Mr. Briggs also made some remarks which were not lost upon the listeners. Upon the expiration of the morning hour, the House turned its attention to the ‘business on the Speaker's table. An attempt to bring up the French Spoliation bill failed, and ly the Tate of that scheme may be looked ‘upon as sealed so far as concerns the present Con- grees. The Senate bill abolishing public executions in the District of Columbia was passed. A message from the President, in answer to a resolution asking for information concerning the seizure and confiscation of the American brig Snsan Luud, by the Spanish authorities, was received, ordered to be printed, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs; immediately after which, Mr. Polk moved a reconsideration as to the printing, for the probable reason that much information, which should have been kept back, relative to our relations with Spain, had in this manner already leaked out, through the indiscretion of the President. Asa mat- ter of course, a sharp controversy ensued between the whigs and democrats,’ and before the subject was disposed of, the body adjourned. Lively debates occurred in both branches of our State Legislature yesterday—in the Senate upon the subject of female corporations generally, and the La- @ies’ Repository of New York particularly—and in the Assembly on Mr. Cooley's resolution for the appoint- ment of a joint committee on the Canal Enlargement question. Our correspondent states that an impres- sion prevails that the speech of Mr. Loomis, which will be found in the regular proceedings, will have the effect of killing the resolutions. Our Concord correspondent writes that politicians are again pouring into thet place from all directions. ‘The announcement that a committee of ex-Senator Dickineon’s friends were about to wait on the Presi- f | Lieutenant Gevernor, Comptroller, State Treasurer, and one or two others, speedily prepared themselves, ral to Washington. In giving en epitome campaign, the lecturer depicted, im glowing and from the patriotic and successful efforts of the people of North Carolina and other States. A full report of his address appears elsewhere. By reference to the report elsewhere, it will be | seen that there was another grand flareup among the hard and softshells in Tammany Hall last even- ing. The former have already subscribed fifteen thousand dollars to erect a new hall, and the pros- ' pect now is, thatthe breach in the party in this city ‘Two executive sessions were held, in the | and succeeded in heading off this dreaded committee. | The latter are reported to have stopped in Boston last evening, but Lient. Gov. Church and his party reached Concord in the afternoon. They ascertained that the General was at home and the weather fine. We learn from Albany that there are about a dozen applicants for the post of Health Officer, and fifty for a berth as Harbor Master of this port. In fact the new Governor is reported to have heen com- pletely run down and worn out by office-seckers, since his inauguration. The appointments for the above named offices, it is understood, will be made in the course of two or three weeks. The temperance fraternity had another joyous day in Albany yesterday—that is, if the holding of severa meetings, the listening to any quantity of speakers, and the adoption of all sorts of anti-liquor resolutions are to be taken as evidence of joyousness. Among those who told their experience was Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, who boasted that his father was the first to move in the cause. Read his speech, and then cogitate upon what would be the effect of the passage of the stringent tectotal law which these cold waterites have drawn up and propose for adop- tisn by the Legislature. Late accounts from Florida, state that Billy Bow- legs has been deposed by his tribe, in consequence of his having assented to the proposition of the gov- ernment that they should leave for the west side of of the Mississippi. Private advices from Mexico represent that every State, with the exception of three, Have joined the | | will never more be closed. Old wounds have been opened afresh, and are now supposed to be beyond cure. ‘As the contemplated construction of a railroad in Broadway is still the cause of much agitation and discussion in this community, we have deemed it worth while to elsewhere publish certain documents and affidavits emanating from some of those'who are favorable to the project. Miss Bacon delivered another lecture at the Stuy. yesant Institute, yesterday morning, on Oriental History. The emigration to California from the Atlantic States appears to flow with as strong a current as ever, about two thousand baving left here. yesterday in the steamers Ohio, Northern Light, and Uncle Sam. The Dutch Reformed Church, situate in Franklin street, in this city, was sold yesterday for thirty thousand and one hundred dollars. The lecture room attached to the church was also sold, and brought fourteen thousand dollars. A slight fire occurred, at eleven o'clock last night, in the United States Bonded Warehouse, in this city. It originated in a small private office upon the first floor, and was extinguished with very slight damage. Seme of the books were injared by fire. Mexleo—Messnge of President Arista—What Is to be Done The message of President Arista to the two houses of the Mexican Congress, on the opening of their present session. will challenge the de- liberate consideration of the readers of this morning’s Heratp. During the last twelve months the condition of Mexico. social, indus- trial, and political, has been sinking from bad to worse, until at length she has arrived at that extreme point of decay and exhaustion which marks the crisis of impending disso- lution. The tone of Arista’s message is that of des- pair; yet. amidst the overwhelming aggrega- tion of evils by which he has been and con- tinues to be surrounded, he maintains his po- sition like a true patriot. Thankless though his task has been. and continues to be, and me- naced as he is, from day to day, with a revolu- tionary expulsion from authority, he still calmly counsels an imbecile Congress upon the means and measures for restoring something of political and social order. and individual se- curity in the country. He says, most truly. that social evils in Mexico are organic, and that from the variety of its races (pure blooded and cross-breeds. of Spaniards. Indians and ne- groes.) “the only natural condition of the country appears to be a state of perpetual anarchy.” Still. he pleads that, by persevering and united efforts on the part of the executive and Congress, the country may be saved. His brief recapitulation of his labors during the late Congressional vacation, in the suppres- sion of the revolutionary movements in the States of Vera Cruz, Tamaulipas, Guadalajara, Oajaca, and elsewhere, exhibits a highly credit able activity. He makes it appear, too, that the strength and condition of the government troops have been, and still may be, sufficient to prostrate the designs‘of the insurgents. But, alas, the treasury is empty, the fifteen millions of money received from the United States for the cession of New Mexico, Utah and California, are exhausted; internal and external taxation is exhausted; loans are exhausted; and the Church, which has monopolized the wealth of the country, is imperium in imperio, and will not disgorge. Notwithstanding all this, as the civil authorities of the revolutionary districts have not fraternized with the insurgents, President Arista still urges the co-operation of Congress in a final effort to relieve the republic of the organic and incurable maladies which threaten its speedy extinction. It was hardly to be expected that the Mexican executive, pending the pressure of a civil war, would have much to say on the subject of foreign relations. Accordingly, they are dis- missed in a short paragraph, in which, however, there is a general mercantile allusion to the prospect of an amicable settlement of the Tehuantepec difficulty. But that is all. In the meantime a resolution from the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate is still awaiting the action of that body, tanta- mount to a declaration of war on this very question of the validity of the Garay contract, but as we hear nothing of it, we may conclude that the President of Mexico speaks by authority, and that this international difficulty will be amicably adjusted. The general tone, however, of Arista’s mes- sage is melancholy; and, taken in connection with the latest intelligence of the movements of the revolutionists, it may be interpreted as the very probable precursor to his displacement by force of arms, and the substitution of Santa Anna and a dictatorship. A formal demand, by a revolutionary deputation, it appears, has been despatched to Santa Anna in his exile, to come to the rescue. His patriotic aspirations, at such a crisis, if we may judge from his past history, will not permit him to disobey the voice of his country. We may anticipate his return, and, once within Mexico, the speedy overthrow of the present government. How far British. French, and Spanish emissaries may be impli- cated in the present revolutionary disturbances will probably be developed after the return (which is very likely) of Santa Anna to the possession of absolute authority. In the meantime, as it is impossible that Mexico, under any form of self-government, can much longer ey as an independent na- tion, it will become a primary duty of the ad ministration elect to look well to, and wateh ly. the of her affairs. Whatever may have been the real character of the late French military expedat narroy drift tion in Sonora, it is evi- revolutioniste. dent that Louis Napoleon has an eye upon Gov. Foote, of Mississippi, has Just published a | ytoxicg, and is suspicious of Yankee encroach- lengthy reply to the charges made against himby | ont, in fulflment of “manifest destiny.” Colonel Benton, with regard to the lamented Cal ‘ . houn. The Governor's reply is fully as severe as We wand also remember that the debt the attack of the Colonel, and as this dispute is of sixty millions due from Mexico to somewhat connected with the political history of the | England, gives John Bull a lively and sub« country, we shall give the letter to our readers as | stantial interest in the good or evil fortunes of soon as we can find room for it our helpless neighbor; and that Spain has Yesterday evening the Hon. W. A. Graham, of | cently been bristling up to her, in a style some- North Carolina, delivered « highly instructive and | what belligerent and somewhat offe entertaining lecture on the « pelsion of the British | cidering the crippled condition of the gor pe am peer staat atte Yon ‘Sowa ment. Against any present or future colon! Society. Mr. Graham entered into a minnte gis | T Protective designs, however, of England qnisition on the stirring events which form an im. | France, or Spain, or all of them together, it portant feature in the history of the Revolutionary | Will be the duty of the new administration to war, and drew a most Incid picture of the condition | guard, hy the practical enforcement of the Mon- 1 mancuvres of the armies under the respe | roe doctrine of foreign non-intervention. commands of Lord Cornwallis and General Green, | ¥ lly observing our obligations of good the nevi vp t 1 of the « f the Rritich pene neighborhood with Mexico, and | vigilant against any powers of Europe upon the integrity of her soil or the independence of her government, we can bide our time. Whatever may be the termination of the present revolutionary move- ments, we see in them no promise of any direct or substantial amelioration of the existing dis- tresses of the country. They are organic, and can only be overcome by the infusion of new elements of life, enterprise, and progress, into the government, into the social system, and into the body of the population, And the time is approaching when the immense resources, mineral and agricultural, of Mexico, can no longer be permitted to remain undeveloped, and when her various routes of intercommunication between the two oceans must be opened for the common benefit of mankind. Let not that great fundamental principle, in this view, be forgot- ten, that progress and expansion are our “mani- fest destiny.” We can have nothing to do with Caravajal and his fillibusteros; but we must enforce the Monroe doctrine of foreign non-in- tervention in the domestic concerns of our unfor- tunate neighbor, and she will, in good time, de- termine for herself what course to pursue. Clear the track. ‘Tne Irauan OrerA at Nipio’s.—The brilliant suceess- which bas attended the performance of opera at this. magnificent house, has fully established the fact that, taking all points into consideration, Niblo’s is undoubt- edly the most eligible establishment we have ever had for the enjoyment of this now popular amusement, There are innumerab'e reasons for this opinion, among the most prominent of which may be named the central location of the house, midway between Wall street and Union square; the abundant means of access and egress, une- qualled elsewhere in the country; the spacious lobbies for promenade and conversation during the entre actes; the admirable cleanliness of the whole establishment, and the magnificent coup d’ ail presented to the eye of each visi- ter, when the house is filled with such audiences as are usually attracted by Italian opera. - In this latter respect, the brilliant tableaux presented during Madame Sontag’s performance have been the theme of universal admiration, a fact which has drawn forth all the beauty and fashion of the city, and which is not lost upon the fairer portion of creation, nor upon the sterner sex. The acoustic qua- lities of the building have now been fairly tested, and all doubt on ‘that point has “vanished into thin air.” The most captious critic cannot find fault with it in this re- spect. With regard to scenic effects and the richness and propriety of all the accessories of the stage, Niblo’s has a well established reputation of the first class. The arrangements for the reception of the audience, and the precautions taken to ensure their accommodation and comfort, and the absence of every thing that might possi- bly offend even the most fastidious, are marked peculiari- ties at Niblo’s Garden, carried out by competent officers, under the’ personal supervision of Mr. Niblo himself. With these great advantages, it cannot be questioned that Niblo’s Opera House embedies in itself all the essen- tial requisites of such an establishment; and now that our citizens are proving, by the liberality and steadiness of their patronage, that they are willing to sustain the first lyric artists inthe world, we shall henceforth con- | sider Niblo’s as the New York Opera House, and in doing 80, we are supported by a vast majority of the musical world, the fashionables, and the public generally. Tae OPERA AT THE BRoADWAY—THE Bevertr oF Rovere. —this evening, the benefit of Rovere takes place at the Broadway theatre, when that delightful opera, the “Daughter of the Regiment,” will be performed, in which Alboni has been so successful, and in which Rovere him- self has won his laurels. He is a decided favorite, and will, no doubt, receive # bumper. It is the last night that this opera will be performed at the Broadway. Tue THEaTRES.—The different places of public amuse- ment were never better supported than at the present date. The Bowery is going on prosperously under the conjoint management of Messrs. Waldron and Stevens. The Broadway is flourishing since the engagement of Madame Alboni, who appears four nights each week in opera. Niblo’s Garden, always the resort of highly re- spectable citizens, is filled every evening of the opera performances, by the admirers of the distinguished can- tatrice, Madame Henrietta Sontag. Burton’s theatre is always crowded The Nutionud svuciver « delevahly fain share of public patronage. Wallack, with his star com- pany, is achieving great dramatic triumphs; and at White’s Varieties the entertainments afford the greatest pleasure. Tom Thumb, who has been exhibiting himself at the Museum for three or four weeks, is still attracting hundreds. Christy and Wood are singing their negro melodies with success. The other exhibitions, such as Risley’s Thames, which is the best painting we have yet seen, Banvard’s splendid georama of the Holy Land, and Robert Heller’s surprising feats of necromancy, can be seen every evening, as advertised. From Care Haymmey.—Capt. Wilson, of the schooner Mary B. Knapp. arrived yesterday, from Cape Haytien, with detes to the 27th ult., reports the place very healthy when he left. Personal Intelligence. Amongst the arrivals at Washington, we notice that of Mr. Sanchez Navaero, a gentleman well known to many officers of the army, as owner of several Iarge estates’ or haciendas, in the neighborhood of Saltillo. We under- stand this gentleman has claims for property carried off by the Camanches living in Texas, amounting to four hundred thousand dollars, which, on account of the eleventh article of the Treaty of Peace with Mexico, may one day have to be paid by our government. Mr. T. F. Meagher will lecture in Providence, R. I., on Saturday; and on Tuesday next in Boston. Hon. Meredith P. Gentry, member of Congress from Tennessee, hes written a letter in which he declines run- ning agnin for Congress. ‘ov. W. B. Campbell, of Tennessee, declines the nomi in for a re-election, Marine Affairs. DEPARTURE OF CauFORNIA STEAMERS.—The steamships Ohio and Uncle Sam, for Aspinwall, and the Northern Light, for San Juan, left port yesterday, witha large number of pasrengers. Their names will be found in an. other column. The Reindeer Calamity—Trial of Captain Farnham for Manslaughter. UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT. Before Hon. Judge Betts. Jan, 20.—The Pecple against John W. Farnham.—In this case, the evidence having closed, Mr. Noyes proceeded to sum up on the part of the defendant, and in a very able and argumentative address contended that his client was not responsible for the calamity that occurred; that the duties of the captain had been proved to be of a different nature, and that he had no control over the department of the engineer. Counsel also contended that the law was ntly complied with by opening the doors of the nace, and that there was no evidence of a want of in, skill, or care, on the part of the accused. ).$. District Attorney, Mr. J. Prescott Hall, in « of nearly two hours length, whieh embraced a of the testimony, and in which he expati- usual force and’ eloquence upon the conse- 1 of the recklessness of commanders on board the river steamboata, contended that it was the duty of the in to see that the provisions of the act of Congress were obeyed—that he personally, or by a responsible deputy, should cause th valves to be opened at ding, and in dereliction of that duty he was re- pend amenable for the consequences, Mr. Hall concluded his remarks to the | by admonishing them as to the importance of the duty that devolved upon them ; if they believed that Captain Farnham had not acted negligently, carelessly, or without proper cau tion, in God's name let him be discharged; but if, accord. ing to the evidence, as they viewed it as conscientious men on their oaths, they believed him guilty of negli gence or recklesane: ey should not avert the arm of Justice from falling on the guilty head. It being now past 3 o'clock, the Judge asked the ju they would not prefer receiving the charge of the’ C in the morning? To this tl nied, and, with the usual admonition, the to separate. Ad. ourned to 11 o'clock Frifay (this) morning. The United Americans, Yora, Jan. 20, 1853. To vue Forron or tre Henatp ht inaccuracy in the Henay’s report of an ad- ress delivered by meat Hope Chapel, on the 20th ull upon the prineiples of the “ Order of Uuited America has gi ently willful and malic tof the Truth Tiler, T should not con apertance, personally, to n intrnsion upon your indul for the oceasion alluded low citizens, ld be com », briefly, through t al substitution of the word noranee or wil ing. for political c A with the whole tenor of my diveo 0 often published to the ‘we Americans, that no © exist rance or willful blindne ont respectable preten understand the misrepresent } P i 7 d t “woful igno of an editor of g moreover, to te the Order. orbal error ¢ thas | Lord Cornwallis except the want of on THE BRITISH INVASION OF NORTH CAROLINA, Before the New York Historical Society. The sixth lecture of this course was delivered yester- day evening, at Metropolitan Hell, by the Hon. W. A Gra- ham, on the above subject. The body and gallery of the edifice were filled to excess by a highly respectabl® au- dience. At the hour appointed, the lecturer, accompanied by the Hon, Luther Bradish, Vresident of the Society, Dr. Hawkes, Dr. Francis, Dr. EeWitt, amd other distin- guished gentlemen, presented himself to the audience, ard, after the applause which greeted him had subsided, said:— Mr. President, and ladies and gentlemen—Regarding the New York Historical Society as a national institution, T have not serupled to undertake the task devolved on me this evening, however conscious of my inadequacy to its proper fulfilment; and a primary object of its establishment being the study and dissemination of a correct knowledge of American history, the topic on which I purpose to en- gage your attention is the British invasion of North Caro- lina, in #780 and ’81. Having been requested to turn my ‘attention to some subject pertaining to the history of the Southern States, it was not until after the choice of this, and at too late a period to prepare another; that I learned that a reverend and distinguished friend of mine, who bas preceded me in the series of exercises appointed by the society, had made the subject of his discourse another interesting chapter in the history of North Cato- lina. With earlier information on this point, 1 would gladly have chosen some other topic, to give greater va- riety and interest to the course of lectures which has thus far been go well received by the public, ‘The subject is withal cemmonplace; but it is the story of our ancestors—of their struggles and saerifices—their freedom and renown. The scene, too, is circumscribed; but the actors were personifications of principles and representatives of nations, and upon the close of the drama depended the fate of an empire. If other apology be wanting for the selection of this theme, Tam native there and to the manor born,” and’ from occasional access to official documents, as well ‘as from the traditions and legends of those whose honor- able scars bore witness of opportunities for acquaint- ance with some, at least, of the events of that period, are impressed with the conviction that from most of ehroni- clers and printing presses in the then infant State, at the time of these occurrences, and from negligence or acci- dent since, they have not received fall justice from the pen of history. Let it be remembered that the period to which we refor is 1780 and 1781, more than five years after the first blocd shed in the war of the Revolution at Lexington, and full five years after the national Decla- ration of Independence. tator while other States were the theatre of war, or in regard to the common cause, in the incipiency of the contest. As early as the passage of the Stamp Act, and down to the breaking out of the hostilities, disputes of a domestic nature, touching the rights of creditors in the rovince to proceed by attachment against the lands of ebtors residing in England and the mal-administration of the provincial government had been agitated between the crown, (through the royal governors,) and the people of the colony, which added to the causes of complaint of more general intere:t, produced a free discusoion of the constitution of Great Britain, and sharpened and invigo- rated the public mind in relation to the rights of British subjects in the colonies. Emboldened in these controver- sies, the population were intelligent and acute in their comprehension of the issues involved, jealous of undue control by the mother country, and ready to hazard any consequences in resisting her encroachments. ‘This was sufficiently attested in the alacrity with which she re- sponded to the all for the first continental Congress, in 1774; in the proceedings of her various provincial con- rior to the establishment of the State government, and in those of her popular assemblies, among which it may be enough to. particularize. the Wilmington, Cumberland, Rowen, and Tryon associations, and the memorable mecting in Michlenburg, on the 20th of May, 175, which declared absolute independence. And these prompt and decisive manifestations of senti- ment, had been sustained by military aid, in the imme- diate scenes of danger, ina manner which proved that she had no selfish, sectional or exclusive ideas of de- fence, and protection. Establishing a thorough mili- tary ‘organivation at the Provincial Congress, which assembled in Hillsborough on the 20th of August, 1775, in December of that year an expedition was sent under Colonel Howe, for the defence of Norfolk and Lower Vir- ginia, against Lord Dunmore, the royal Governor of that province, who, having collected a large army of whites and negroes, proclaimed martial law, and offered freedom to the apprentices and slaves of the country. This force, in conjunction with a detachment of regulars and Vir- ginia troops, under Colonel Woodford, defeated his lord- ship’sarmy in the Lattle at Great Bridge, and obliged him to abandon Norfolk, and take refuge on board a man-of- war, in the harbor, as the last royal Governor of North Carolizh, six months anterior, had been obliged to do at Wilmington. About the same date, an expedition under Colonels Martin, Polk end Rutherford. marched from the western rt of the State ear. ‘the tories, (called Scuvilites, from a royalist emissary of that name.) in the north western section of South Carolina; and in connection with the troops of that State, under General Richardson and Colonel Thompson, drove the tory commanders, Cunningham and Fletcher, from the siege of the village of Ninetysix, and on their retreat, surprised and defeated them, with the capture of four hundred of their followers. This ‘fx known in tradition as the snow camp campaign, from the violent snow storms with which ite camps were sited. In the Autumn of 1776, a force of nineteen hurtgred men, from the same region, under General Rutherford, was despatched against the Cherokee Indians, who espoused the British cause, and committed depredations on the nelghboring settlements, which chastised and ‘sees and councils, compelled them to sue for pence. In the campaigns of 1777, "78, °79 end ’80, she farnish- ed her contingents to the continental service upon the in litia were marched, by divisions, brigades, regiments, and battalions, to the ‘aid of South Carolina’and Georgia, not to mention that the ranks of Sumter and Pickens were often filled with her citizens, who took service under those famous partisan officers, when those States were the seat of war, and were comput- ed among the troops of South Carolina. From New Jer- sey to Florida inclusive, there were few battle fields in which a portion of the troops engaged in defence of the liberties of the country were not hers. Besides these contributions, however, for military ope- rations abroad, a considerable force was required fur the interior defence and safety of the State. Although the great mass of the people were true to the country, there was no contemptible number who maintained their loyal- Pad the crown, and stood ready to defend it with arms. is was more conspicuously true of a body of Scotch Highlanders, who had emigrated in large numbers to the waters of the Cape Fear in the incipient stages of the con- troveray between the colonies and the mother country; and the signal victory obtained by Colonels Caswell an Lillington, at the bridge of Moore's Creek, one of the Wes- tern tributaries of the Cape Fear, on the 37th of February, 1777, with one thousand men, over the tory forces levied in that region, under General M’Donald and Captain M’Leod, numbering fifteen hundred men, who were march- ing torelieye Governor Martin from his exile on board an English ship of war at the mouth of the Cape Fear, and to bring him back, and restore him to his authority in the colony, is one of the proudest events of the war, in that year. Pursued with vigor, as this victory was in espturing prisoners, aims, ’military stores, an munitions of war, it #0 broke’ the spirit and destroyed the resources of the enemy in this State, and so cheered the hopes of the patriots, that its effects were widely and deeply felt. Still, the feeling of attachment to the royal cause infected individuals, and in many instances whole neighborhoods and districts, and required constant vigi- lance, determination and energy on the part of the authorities and troops of the new government. In the spring of 1776, a formidable invasion was threat- ened by a military and naval command, under Sir Henry | Clinton and Sir Peter Parker, at the mouth of Cape Fear, and a large military force was called out to repel it. But its attention was soon directed to the more temptiny prize of Charleston, where, in June of that year, occurred the famous repulse which has given immortality to the name of Moultrie. With the exception of a large detach- ment from this armament, which was landed, and com- mitted some depredations in the county of Brunswick, among which was the sacking of the private mansion of the patrivt General Howe, no British force had entered the territory of North Carolina until the period announced in the ontsét of these remarks, the latter half of the year 1780. But, although the geographical position of the State, or the military plans of the enemy, had thus long delayed his visit, lie now came with a prestige of suc: cess which threatened entire subjugation. South Caro- lina and Georgia had been overrun and conqured, and their patriot citizens driven to concealment, exile, or sub- mission to his victorious arms; Charleston had fallen on the 12th of May. ng poy, his success with the skill of a veteran commander, Lord Cornwallis moved forward, at once and came to Camden, near the centre of th: te; and on the 29th of that month, his light troops, under Lieut. Col. Tarleton, overwhelmed and massacred a Vir- ginia regiment under Col. Buford, at Waxhaw crock, near the frontiers of North Caro! On the 16th ot August, ina pitehed battle, near he had sig- nally defeated and routed the » which had been rallied for the defence of the General Gates, the hero of Saratoga. And although solation was administered to the wounded spiri American General Jer this crushing defeat, by the requisitions of Congress, to meet the common emmy; other States, and her mil success of General pturing, about the ‘same time, a conyoy of t yet thia daring and vigilant t was himself surprived’ by the dashing Tarleton, ad his force of cight hundvod men put to route and persed, with the loss of his artillery, arms, and bag- sat Fishing ereek, two days afterwards. “Thus,” d writer, “the t of the 16th el sing ihe army of the South hilated.”? To this un broken succession of es to our arms, it must be add- ed that the resources of North Carolina to meet the impending denger had been greatly impaired by the of the war. Al nuinber of her people, dis- nd broken in health by service, the two ars, in the low and insalubrious sections of b Carolin plies exh 1 Georg! her tr usted in the mainte; en itary sup: other expedi all her continental troops, and moj thousand of her militia, made pri-one of Charleston, and par ot the enemy, more than five hun of the most popular and in ra, taken at the battle of Camden, and now in confinemant at St. Auga tine—these are cirenmstances not to be over ting the appalling nature of the cris merit of a brave resistance. There was no impediment to the onward progress ¢ Nie, which he Yet,fhad North Carolina been no indifferent or idle spec- | | mouth of the Cape Ke 1 to rivers of the cout , and crosses che State boundary Sy ae apd line. Jn the absence of maps, so much of geography as may be necessary to comprehend the movements which we vball describe, may be comprised in a few words The Ercad and Catawba rivers are the chief tributaries of the Santee, and the Yadkin of the Vedee, parallel streams, rising in the mountains of North Carciina and running southwardly to the ocean, in South Carolina. The Cape Fenr pureves a like course, but is wholly in North Caro- lina, its head waters being the Surf and How or Sax- apahaw rivers. The Dan is the bedwater of the Keanoke, and at our points of referenee is coursing from west to cast, nearly with the line of division between North Carolina and Virginia. But there is an episode to ovr narrative, before pursuing the march of the invading army. The disastrous tidings of the fall of Charleston sped rapidly through the country, bringing gloom to the heart of the patriot, cheerfulness and joy to the loyalist, and inclining the wavering and irresolute to the cause of royalty. Early in June, the militia of the counties of Meck- lenburg and Rowan, comprehending the region between the ‘Yadkin and Catawba, who had so early and so constantly signalized their devotion toliberty, were ordered out under Brigadier General Rutherford, to Greets ian ean march of the British General. Scare! (Age they assem- bled at the place of rendezvous, about ten miles northeast of Charlotte, when intelligence arrived of an assemblage of a body of loyalists at Rawson's mills, some forty miles distant, beyond the Catawba, in the county of Tryon, and within view of the present village vf Lincolnton. Unwilling to weaken the force he had gathered to im- de the advance of the British army, General Rutherford “despatehed orders to Col. Francis Licke, of Rowen, and other faithful officers, to collect the available force of their several neighborhoods, and suppress the insurrec- tion at the earliest practicable moment. It appeared that one John Moore, of ta county of Tryon, (now Lin- coln,) who had joined the enemy in South Carolina the preceding winter, had recently returned, dressed in « tat- tered suit of British uniform with a sword, and announced himself a lieutenant colonel in the well known regiment of North Carolina Loyalists, commanded by Col. John Hamilton, of Halifax.” He brought detailed accounts of the siege and surrender of Charleston, and an authorita- tive message from Lord Cornwallis that he would march into that rection as soon as the then ripening harvests ‘were gathered, so as to affords support for his’army. Very scon thereafter, Major Nicholas |, of the same vicinity, who had been in the British service for eigh- teen months, and bore a major’s commission in the same regiment, also returned, with splendid official equipments anda purse of god, which was ostentatiously displayed to his admiring associates, with artful speeches in aid of the cause he had embraced. He also gave the first in- formation of Burford’s defeat, and represented that all reristance on the part of the- whigs would now be hope- less. Under these leaders then, was collected, in a few cays, a foree of thirteen hundred men, who were en- camped in an advantageous position, preparatory to their being marched to effect a juncture with the British in South Carolina. ‘ Colonel Locke, and the other officers who had received the orders of General Rutherford, already referred to. proceeded to execute them with the utmost alacrity and Promptitude, In less than five days) they levied ‘their several quotas, and, crossing the Catawba at various fords, effected ‘a junction, within sixteen miles of the camp of the royalists, on the 19th of June, with three hundred and fifty men. At sunrisé the next morning, with this uncqual force, and without any chief command- er or understood arrangements of battle, except that three companies of horse, which constituted their caval- ry, should go in front, they assaulted the camp of the tories, containing, as already mentioned, thirteen hun- dred men, and, after a well sustained and bloody engage- ment of an hour, compelled them to retreat. @ par- ticulars of this action, did time permit us to recur to them, are of much interest. relatives and fa- millar acquaintances fought in the opposing ranks, and when the smoke of the battle occasionally cleared away, recognized each other in the conflict—the tories weari their well known badge of a green pine twig in front o! the hat, and the whigs a similar badge of white paper, which was in some instances taken as a mark by the ene- my, and occasioned the wearers to be shot in the head. These were the only means of disting the two bred oy in the action in which neighbor met neighbor in leadly strife, with the rifles carried in hunting, and in the use of which weapon one hundred men on either side were as expert and unerring as any like number of Ken- tuckians in the time of Boon. Seventy men, including five whig and four tory captains, were left dead on the field, and more than two hundred were wounded, loss being shared about equally by the respective sides. It is a remarkable omission, in the histories of the war of the revolution, that no author, neither Marshall, Lee, Ramsay, Botta, ‘or any other, that I have consulted, makes mention of this important battle of Rawson’s mills. The only intelligible record of it, in extenso, was published in the newspapers of North Carolina thirty years since, and has been copied by Mr. Wheeler in hjs recent col- lection of materia historica of North Caroli It is like- wise noticed by Mr. Lossing in his recent work, the “Field Book of the Revolution.” For daring courage op the part of the whig assailants, considering that the ene- my outnumbered them in the proportion of five to one, and had great advantage in position, it is surpassed b; few events of the war; and a3a chastisement and a che upon the rising and excellent spirit of the loyalists over the recent disasters to our arms in South Carolina, the result was of the same nature, and almost equal in its ralutary effects, to the victory of Coswell and Lillington, at Moore's bridge, four years pteceding. Ihave failed, earlier, to mention that Colonel Locke and his brave associates, after resolving to engage the enemy, despatched a messenger to carry this information to General Rutherford, and requested his co-operation, if possible, but did not make his compliance a preliminary to their attack; and that this officer, having heard of the retirement of the British forces from Waxhaw to Camden, had, without knowledge of the intentions of Locke, crossed the Catawba, with the purpose of himself. dispersing the tories at Rawson's, and arrived with his brigade on the battle field about two hours after the retreat of the enemy. Had the assault been postpoued for thie brief space, the victory would doubtless have ‘been more complete, and possibly many of the gallant dead would have been spared to encounter the invading Briton, trained for the conilict by this first essay in arms. Gen. Rutherford, in the succeeding month, joined Gen. Gates, in command of a brigade of militia, and in the de- feat at Camden, on the 16th of August, was wounded, and taken prisoner by the enemy; and, therefore, does not ap- pear in the ensuing campaign. tes not to attempt to rally ‘The determination of Gen. his routed army short of Hillsborough, which is near the centre of North Carolina, and more than two hundred miles from Camden, was an entire abandonment of one half of the State to the deps jonsof theenemy. This is mentioned, with regret, by Lee, in his memoirs of the war in the South, on account particularly of the district between the Yadkin and Catawba, on whose efficiency and devotion to the patriot cause he uncesa high eulogium. With the British in front, and the tories within striking dis- tance both on its right and left, the contest now became in that section, a war pro oris el focis, with no immediate resources for its protection but those furnished by itself, and these greatly diminished by the melancholy events to which allusion has been already made. But the spirit of the country did not forsake it in this trying hour, and it was perhaps fortunate that the British army, in its first inroad into the State, was to encounter a people of such unshaken resolution and activity in the gloom which over- spread the southern country. Among many noble and intrepid patriots, im this dis- trict, who “‘ struggled with the storm’s fate,”’ and upheld the falling fortunes of their country, two characters de- serve to be conspicuously remembered. These are Briga- dier General Wm. Lee Davidson, and Col. Wm. R. Davie. General Davidson was of Irish extraction, and his pa- rents, like almost all the original settlers in that region, were emigrants from Pennsylvania. He was educated at an academy called ‘Queen’s Museum,” in Charlotte, and, fired with a noble ardor to sustain the patriot cause in arms, was commissioned as Major, in one of the regiments raised in North Carolina for the continental service, in 1776. In this capacity he marched northward in the bri- gade of Gen. Francis Nash, joined the main army under General Washington, in New Jersey, and served under the commander-in-chief through the three following cam- paigns, during which time he was promoted to a lieuten- ant-colonelcy, with the command of a regiment. His resence at home, at this juncture, was purely accidental. he troops of the North Carolina line having been de- tached to re-inforce the Southern army, then under the command of General Lincoln, he obtained permission to visit his family, from which he had been then three years separated, with the exception of joining his regiment in South Carolina. But Charleston’ being invested at the time of his approceh, and all access cut off, he was thus saved from capture with his comrades in arms, and re- turned immediately to his home in Mecklenburg. He, however, did not resign himself to repose in inactivity, but, taking command of a body of militia, rendered eifec: tive service in quelling the tory insurrections consequent on the fall of Charleston. After the capture of General Rutherford, at Gates’ defeat, Colonel Davidson was ap- pointed a Brigadier General of militia, and_thus had im- mediate command of. the citizen soldiers of the frontier county of Mecklenburg, at the time when the'services of every man was required who was capableof bearing arms. Hix romantic devotion to the public service, as manifest- din a continuous absence of three years from a young and endeared family, his familiarity with the” well- ought ficlds of Monmouth, Brandywine, and German- own, and the fact, that he had seen service under the eye, and with the approbation of Washington, made him # star of guidance to his countrymen, and inspired them with hope and confidence, Of Colonel Davie, a less minute introduction is necessa- Surviving the war, he became subsequently known 6 the Union, as one of the great American orators, law- yers and statesmen, a leader in every great enterprise for the impsovement and elevation of ‘the character of his own State—at one time her Chief Magistrate—a member of the federal convention, a special minister to France, in conjunction with Mr. Murray and Chief Justice i worth, during,Napoleon Consolate, and one of the most accomplished and elegant gentlemen of the revolu’ race. At the period, to which we refer, he may have been twenty-five years of age—some four years graduated at Nassau Hall, Prineeton—interrapted in his law studies, by the events of the war,— Inter arina, silent leges, he had gratified his early desire, and the inclinations of his genius, and became a soldier—of studious habits, he + his well furnished lisciptined mind, to the study of military service, a mastered it, His service lind been in the horse, where he had revived the approbation of Pulaski. He had approved his gallantry at the battle of tono, when he was severely wounded at Hanging Hoek, and other fields, and his zeal in the patriot 5 ye! onary cause, by expending an estate, constituting his chief, ii not only fortune, in equippinga. legtonary corps, of which ho was ‘now at the h He was prudent, vigilant, in- trepid and skillful in his movements against the enemy, and with a charming presence, a ready eloquence, aad a: undaunted spirit, he was among the day, as Henry Perey, ‘to the chivalry of En ti Having received his supplies, Lord Cornwall ward frem Camden, on the 8th of arsured expectation of conqu rth Carolina, Congress could bring another army into the field. Wit hin military force there e adventitious aidj, from train was the lingered off th p-of-war; for mort which much was expected. In} al Governor Martin, who, 1 ina # year afier his expulsion from the Province, in_ th of restoration to authority, had paid a vivit to and was now returned, and hoped to receive submission, onder the guns of his Majesty's army, 9 he had been unable to exact by the aid of his provinclal adherents alone. A printing press formed also a pari of the furniture of the camp, with which it was intented to fulminate threats, gavette victories: and distribute par dons, probations, and promives, In his ranks wag a reyi ment of loyalists, ral ing, unter the trod fn forth Carolina Halifax, Creeks, in the midst of the settlement of his countrymen’ a person held in, enteem for the virtues of private life, and who, the war, was for many years tannic Majesty’s consul at Norfolk, From hoped oe — woe Ls Sraet L gh State w an rey, al royal would f m ready recrulta’w in her limits for ulterior orerations ‘The mai ing directly northward, in the di- on of Chat tte, "iout Col. Ferguson,’ with o de- rection of Char! Qyalists treiment of regulars and loyalists, was of the Wateree, or Catawba, to advance in a to it, to open free communication with the aa that apereer, and incite them to effective co-operation. with British. ‘To oppose the main army there was no foree, but the militia of Mecklenburg and Rowen, the nary corps of Davis. 7 luty ihe part of the summer, clally snr the det t of Gates, nf onal gual of observation. On Sprouse Dasidsen prudenth in the direction of Ty but Davie, in enterprise, and being perfe acquainted with the countr ; Teaatved, not only 2 wati the enemy, but and annoy t! wi oeca- sion should serve. Keeping well ‘advised of his position and movements, he struck on every opportunity ‘and al- ways with effect, By a perilous explo atthe plantation of Captain Wabab, one of his own ee ae Carolina border; He completely surpri od an Outport, ‘and. after kiliing and wounding about washed off unhurt, with a large acquisition of horses and arms. *Gpon the entrance of the British army into Charlotte, Davis, being joined by about fifty volunteers, hastily ax-, sembled from the neighboring country, under Graham, and relying on the firmness of his troops, a gallant stand in defencee of this Carolina ‘ liberty.”” By a judicious disposition of his force, cover of the dui dings and enclosures of the thrice drove back the British cavalry, to receive Duke of their commander-in-ehief, and made good his treat, with a loss much inferior to that of the enemy Lord Cornwallia occupied the village, intending to ad. ance to Salisbury. Bet, with ‘his overwhelmi force, for no_ placa repose or sec! ret His sentries were shot down at their pickets aes ist his ‘ kept in a constant state of ala egons, with, stores, seized and . destroyed within a r miles of his head quarters; and, in one instance, a party of four hundred men was attacked and drives home,,- with a loss of twenty-seven killed and wounded, by an. ambushing party of seven individuals from the neighbor- ing country, all of whom escaped unscathed. the British) officer declaring, on his return, “that he had found @ rebel in every bush, outside of the lines of their en- campmcnt.”’ It was manifestations such as these, that. induced Lieutenant Colonel Tarleton, in his ‘4 of the: Campaigns in the Colonies,” to honor those counties of old Mecklenburg and Rowen with the designa- tion of ‘‘the most rebellious district in America”? The printing press—the first that had ever been carried to that region of country—was put in requisition, both by- the royal Governor and General, und ecieiather wan filled with asseverations of the success of his Majes- ty’s arms, exhortations to loyalty and duty, anddenun- clations upon rebellion and treason; but wi ithout serious, effect. While his lordship was thus occu! and entertaine?” at Charlotte, he was astounded by the defeat and death of Ferguson, at King’s Mountain, about miles to- his left, with the loss of his whole force, reg ulare and loyalists, killed, wounded or taken ‘toge- ther with all the supernumerary arms with whieh he Baa w been furnished for the inhabitants of the count might j the royal standard. Of this memorable ex- at it, achieved witlin a mile or two of the be- een the Carolinas, on its southern side, by the a tion of Colonels Campbell, of Virginia, Cleavelai Bhel by, Sevier and McDowell, of North Carolina, W: Hill, and others, of South Carolina, it would be bug idle repetition to speak in detail. Of the action and its incidents, a full description is contained in Foote’s ‘‘Sketehes of North Carolina» and blographi: cal memoirs of its principal actors in ‘‘Lossing’s Field Book of the Revolution.” No one can, however, con- template the gatherings of these intrepid “fons of Li. berty,’” under the leaders of their respective sections o1 neighborboods—their issuing forth, as did the lei ion of them, from the gorge: [egbanies, and taking the eld. without quartermaster bE commissary, each man wy is own horse, and furnigh- ed with his own arms, ‘‘the horse to be sustained by the grassof nature, and the soldier from the homely contenta of his wellet, made and filled by his wife or mother”— their concentration—their arrangement of the temporary command by election—their long marches—their eager pursuit of the enemy-—his refuge on the mountain their assault, persévering courage, and overw! victory—without being carried back, in imagination, ta the sublime simplicity and bravery of classic romance im Sparta, or early Rome, or to the memorable defence of Isthe Swiss cantons against the invasion of Austria. This victory, which was obtained on the 7th of October, was decisive of the cam Instead of proceeding to ‘his meditated conquest, the British general was compelled to address himself to the task of maintaining what he had acquired. Departing from Char: lotte in the night, pursued by Davidson and Davie to thr Catawba, with the capture of a portion of his baggage he retreated to Winsboro’, some twenty miles westwar of Camden, as the most eligible position for the prosecr tion of his acquisitions in South Carolina. ‘Thus terminated the invasion of 1780. But the end the war wat not yet. By his selection of Hill<boro’ as the point for n forming his routed army, General Gates had the advat tage of consultation with the Governor of the State am the Legislature, which, in'view of the public now felt, held two appointed sessions in each year, assem: died in that town on the 6th of September. ‘This once applied itself to providing for the State in every practicable met seasion a board had been ereated “for carrying on trade, for the benent of the State,” for the purpoxe of import- ing or procuring arms, and “other ry stores for the body at. defence of the army, 88 well as the importation of salt, and all kinds of * merchandise, for the use and consumption of the good- people of the State.”” And now, to purchase supplies for the large army it was hoped to Taomnble ant restait, taxes were laid, to be paid in provisions, and agents ap- pointed in every county for their collection; purehasers: were) authorized of all the means Of subsistence, as well as of wagons, horses, and other necessaries, so far as the impoverished treasury would allow, and impressmerts were freely authorized. other means of supply failing. But the most notable of thelr roceedings was ‘An Act creating a Board of War,” to. lirect and control the military of the State, and a resolu- tion requesting Gen. Smallwood, of the Continental and second in command to Gen. Gates, to assume the a of her militia that —_ or should be called in- jo service, a measure originating, doubtless, in no fe of disrespect to Governor Nash” the actual occu oe the executive chair, and prompted by a sense of the mo- mentous nature of the crisis, but utterly at variance with’ the plain precepts of the constitution, which as now, declired that “the Governor, for the time being, shall be the eaptain-general and commander-in-chief of the militia.” ‘The Governor, under the constitution, had. no power of yeto to arrest the law, and, did not interfere with the action of the boa: a later stage of its existence, he refused to filla vacancy occurring from the resignation of one of its members, upon the ground of the constitutional objection. The Legislature of South Carolina, the eding year, . by its enactment, clothed John Rutledge, Ry toe ‘ nor, with the powers of a dictator. Precedents, these, ra~ ther classical tlan constitutional, according to our sys~ tem, and only resorted to, unquestionably, in those emer- fencies, becoure of the imminent danger to the very ox- istence of the State. The commissioners constituting, this board, by the election of the Legislature itself, were John Tenn, Alexander Martin and Crandates Davis. session was commenced at Hillsborough, on the 14th of Sep- tember, 1780. and continued, by adjournment, at Halifax, until 80th of January, 1781, when its authorities were returned {o the Legislature. Their journal, with 40 much. of their correspondence as has been preserved, is among the mort interesting documents in our public archives. They undertook the ta-k devolved on them in the most devoted spirit of patriotism, and with a proper sense of its magnitude, and executed its duties with fearlessness, and eminent ‘public benefit: conducting an active corres _ pondence with Davidson, Havie, General Sumter, other officers, as to the ‘positions of the army of the in- - vading enemy, its advances, skirmishes, and retreat; with local military officers, especially upon the upper branches of the Cape Fear and Pedee, as to the risings or waraudings of the tories, the disposition to be mace of prisoners ‘nken from them, and measures for keepi them in «eck; with the Governor of the State, wif General Gates, and subsequently with General Greene, in regard to the rallied troops of the lately defeated army, the reinforcements arriving from other States, and being levied in their own. The Board of War seems to have exerted its utmost faculties in the department of the com- missariat, in providing food and clothing for the army. And when it is recollected that the State no seaport of much commerce, her inhabitants, then as now, obtaining their chief supplies of foreign goods through the neighboring States—that Wilmington, the principal of. these, coon fell into the hands of the enemy, who also held South Carclina and Georgia, and almost simultaneous! with the mareh of Cornwallis on Charlotte, Thad landed a large body of treops in Virginia, under Arnold, and were threatening an invasion from thence—that there was no internal navigation, and that the best means of transportation from the fertile the Reanoke and from the seaboard to the army, at Hillsborough, Salisbury, or Charlotte, was by the ordinary wagon of the planter, and that no inconsiderable portion of the supply of these had been lost in the rout ensuing the defeat of General Gates, the furnishing of the most indispensible necessaries of life. was a Herculean task. The ordinary produc- tions of the earth had been yielded, though probably in diminished quantities in many sections, by reason of the interruptions of labor, from the heavy drafts for military serviee, in South Carolina, as well as at home, during the year; but in the circumstances of siege. which environed the State, the great prévation was in the want of salt, withont which animal food cannot be preserved nor vege- toble enjoyed—a privation which was alike felt by the army and the people of the country; and it is quite ap- parent from the corrospondence of this board, that an friny er cntially larger than that which was’ brought into the Geld, could not have been long maintained. In their comnrunications with General Greene, the commis- sioner ved their regret, that in consequence of the exhau tion of the treasury, the legislature bad adopted. the policy of relying on the militia for the public defence. is epee es of force was usually called to tours of duty of three months duration; and as they generally turned out ick, oceasioning a large consumption of substi- it seems to have been arrany that but a limited hould be grdered to his aid, except in the im ~rectation of a general engagement. Accord- ¢ detachments, numbering in all 4,000 men, that had been called out by the Governor or Board of War, F en their march under Generals Allen Jones, nl others, to unite with the army of defence, ‘and disbanded, lest, by joining the caxp, the h onsume the scanty stores he continental sol- a tie next session of the legislature, which com. | menced on the 18th Januery, 1781, acts were passed to | discontinue ard of War, and “establich a Couneil | Ex naist of “three persons of integrity nit ab ch as the General Assembly can have the watost cont nd to invest the actual Govenor neil, with executive powers of term, pro- , ting of the ensuing legisy e ¢ Ltime. Bat, T have seen no record of eniion of this council, or any proceetings unde 8 and passes of the Al.’ At ite last preceding » inte ‘ello, though, in valley of a “