The New York Herald Newspaper, January 11, 1853, Page 6

QRRIVA LOF THE HUMBOLDT. The Details of the Latest Nows. OVERTHROW OF THE MURILLO CABINET. THE NEW ENGLISH MINISTRY. The Return of Lord John Russell and Lord Palmerston to Power. “IMMENSE SHIPMENT OF SILVER, &e., ke, ke. The United States mail steamship Humboldt, } Captain J. D. Lines, arrived off this port at 12 o'clock | on Sunday night, after a passage from the English coast of about sixteen She left Havre at 8 A. M. on the 24th ult., having | been delayed two days by the lowness of the tides on the French coast, and touched off Cowes for the English mails and passengers, at 5 P. M. of the same day, but did not leave for New York till early on the morning of the 25th ult. ‘The Humboldt brings only a few passengers, but a very large and valuable cargo of French and other | manufactures, shipped at Havre. The United States mail steamer Hermann arrived | fat Cowes at 4 P. M.on the 1th ult., on her way to | Bremen. She experienced most tempestuous weather pn the voyage. The West India mail steamship Orinoco arrived ft Southampton on the 19th ult. from the West Undies, having had 41 cases of yellow fever, and 10 geaths, during the voyage. She had been placed in quarantine till the 24th December, until which day none of her passengers would be permitted to land. The upward tendency of the London corn market has been slightly checked, but the previons week's prices for good samples of English wheat were ob- 2ained—inferior descriptions, however, being lower. Foreign wheat was in fair demand. Malt and barley More inquired for. Oats 6d. per quarter dearer. Flour fully maintained the late rise. Floating targoes of wheat and Indian corn eontinued in de- qoand, and a further advance was realized. The accounts of the state of trade in the provinces Showed less activity at Manchester, although there was a steady business. At Birmingham further large Drders had been received from the River Plate, the North of Europe, and Australia. The difficulty in Betting orders for iron accepted was undiminished. At Nottingham, business was active with hosiery Orders for home use, and from the United States and | | Australia. The woollen districts, on the other hand, | were rather dull. The Irish linen markets without Variation. | On the London Stock Exchange speculation was | Chiefly confined to large dealings in Californian and | Australian land, banking, and mining shares. The | English funds were, however, firm at 100}, and rail- ‘Way stocks and foreign funds were very firm. The Liverpool cotton market was steady, witha | Moderate demand. Sales on the 20th, 6,000 bales, at previous rates. Market on the 21st very tame—sales $,000 bales. x Accounts from Paris state that the Emperor left the capital on the 18th of December, for Compeigne, where he had an enthusiastic reception from the au- Shorties. The Moniteur denies the truth of certain ramors | ©urrent, that the four-and-a-half per cent stocks were | % be converted. Letters from Marseilles announce that the Italian Tefugees in favor of the Murat family, were very nu- merous in that city. A meeting of the Town Council of Manchester had passed a resolution to invite Mr. Ingersoll, the Ameri- can Minister in London, to a public banquet, in the gecond week in January. Mr. Ingersoll had already accepted invitations to dine with the Chamber of Commerce at Liverpool, on the 4th, and with the Mayor of Liverpool, on the 5th danuary. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamship Ripon left Southampton on the 20th ult., with the putward India and China mails, taking out specie, Falue £498,000 sterling, (two millions four hundred ond ninety thousand dollars,) chiefly in silver, for In- dia and China. The steamship Tagus arrived at Southampton on the 23d, at midnight, with dates from Lisbon to the 9th ult. She brought accounts thata telegraphic Gespatch had been received in the Portuguese capi- tal, from Paris, to the effect that the French govern- ment (to whom had been referred an arbitration of the claim,) had decided adversely to the demands of the United States on Portugal, in respect to the General Armstrong, as exclusively stated last week in the New York Heravp. The most important news brought by the Hum- boldt is, of course, that relating tothe ministerial Grisis in England. The Ministerial Crisis in England. On the night-of the 18th ult., the Earlof Derby hhad audience of Queen Victoria, and tendered the resignation of himself and his colleagues, in conse- quence of the adverse yote of the House of Com- Mons on the preceding day. Her Majesty, as is wsual in such cases, accepted the resignation of the Ministry, and in doing so, requested the Earl of Der- | by’s advice as to the statesman to whom she should, in this conjuncture, entrust the formation of a new gdministration; whereupon Lord Derby recommended | the Queen to call in the services of, and consult, the Marquis of Landsdowne aud the Earl of Aberdeen, who might possibly be able to advise Her Majesty as | to the best course to pursue. Immediately, therefore, these personages were fummonsed to the presence ofthe Queen, at Osborne, Idle of Wight; but the Marquis of Landsdowne being ill with an attack of the gout, which entirely prevent- ed him from attending upon Her Majesty, and it be- ing further understood that the noble Marquis was Gesirous to avoid taking office, Lord Aberdeen pre- fented himself on the 19th ult.,and was entrusted with, and undertook, the formation of a ministry. The following is a summary of the proceedings in Bhe Pritish Parliament on the 20th ult. in reference 20 the retirement of the tory government :— In the House of Lords, the Karl of Darpy explained the Pircumstances which had led to the resignation of the government, witich he declared had fallen before an un- | Principled combination of parties in the Lower House, who had themselves together for the destruction of the ministry, from the first moment of the session. The | ‘task of constructing a new government had been confided Dy her Majesty to Lord Aberdeen, to whom he could promise, from the conservative party, greater forbearance | Zhan it had received at his, Lord Aberdeen’s, hands. It ‘was a satisfaction to himself nnd his colleagues to think | 2hat on resigning office they left the country ina better | ition than they found it, and he could only hope that ir successors, whoever they might be, would continue | in the course which had been #0 suspiciously begun. The | mobile Farl, in conclusion, stated that the late ministry | Dnly heldsoffice until their suceessors were appointed, and moved that the House adjourn to Thursday, the 234 ult @ day which he selected in preference to Monday follow ing, the day suggested by Lord Aberdeen, because he oped that by that day the necessary arrangements, with | rd to the new ministry, might be completed. Dune of Newcasri# could not refrain from giving | & positive and emphatie, though he hoped courteous, de to the statement of Lord Derby, that there had been combined endeavor of various parties in the Lower House to overthrow bis government. On the contrary here had been the most anxious desire that the govern ment should be allowed to lay before the country the measures which it had promised. The noble earl had him. | pelf given the best answer to his eharge of combination when he informed the Hoase that Lord Aberdeen required week toform an adininistration. When Lord Aberdeen Fesumed his place in the House, he would, no doubt, ex in his part in these transactions; but, in the mean Rae, he (the Duke of Newcastle) wondered that the high character of his noble friend, ani the fact that he was Pred # fulfilling a ie duty, had not protected him from Lord Derby's insinuations. [ot the noble Lord repeat, these charges on some future occasion, and he might depend wn it they would be fairly met, but let not the eoun dey, ‘eapecially through his lips, Le misled as to the views fand cqnduct of those who might be intrusted with the gadministration of affairs. ‘The Earl of (mrny entere’ oxiioe Yer which the discussion dropped, and their Lordships a vasned til! Thareds » In the Houre of Commons into rome exr af on the first order of th Tie Craxcerron of the Excnagren rose ani said, that er the vote of Thursday night, the Farl of Derby and his colleagu h ity to tender their re Majesty had been | mation of the new Minist | Lordship will have the management of that militia in | utilities,we bow to necesiti successors were appointed. He expressed a hope that the House would not think him ptuous if he offered his Grpteful thanks for the ind it and even generous man- ner in which be bad been supported in conducting the business of the House; adding that, if any words had ever escaped his lips which had hurt the feelings of any mem- bers, he deeply regretted it, and trusted that the impres- sion on their part would be as transient as the sense of provocation on his own. He moved that the House, at its rising, do adjourn until the 234 ult Lord J. Ruserit paid a very handsome tribute to the ability and talent displayed by the right honorable gen- tleman while struggling against the difficulties of his po- sition, | r J. GnamaM and Sir C. Woop joined in this encomium, | rally, and disclaimed any intentional discourtesy to- | wards Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Hux bore testimony to the readiness of the go- vernment to afford information, and threw out a solemn | warning to their successors, whoever they might be. that unless they should be prepared to carry’ out legal. com. | mercial and administrative reforms connected with the | institutions of the country, their tenure of office would be short - Mr. Cavtey went beyond Mr. Hume, and expressed his admiration of the manner in which the members of the government had conducted the business of the House, and | more. So far there is reason for congratulation in ce on both sides of the Atlantic henceforth recog- nise and act upon the principles of tree frade; there is no risk even of a brief relapse into protectionist theories. It must not be imagined that it would have made any nt or essential difference in this respect, even if the Presidential election had again fallen out in favor of any other American whig. Tho limited wers of the chief magistrate in the republic render r impossible for him to stem the national will, whenever there is any important principle at issue. But a.willing free trader will go to work more plea- santly than a fettered pi ionist. The regula- tions for extending free trade between the United States and the British American provinces will pro- gress more smoothly, and consequently more mpeedily, under President Pierce than under President Fill- the triumph of the democratic party at the late elec- tion of President. It has confirmed the ascendancy of rational views of commercial policy. But every- of their officers generally there. The motion was then agreed to. It was understood that Lord Aberdeen had re- quested the Queen to allow him a week for the for- . which would probably be f a coalition of the Whig and Peel parties. | The lates unts state that Lord Aberdeen’s health was very delicate, but that he was busily engaged in | completing the rather difficult task which he had un- | dertaken. It was hoped that he would be able to submit to the Queen a list of the appointments on the 24th ult., and announce the same officially, in the up- cone o! | per House, on the same night. A thousand contradictory ramors were in circula- tion relative to the probable construction of the ad- ministration; andfrom the tenor of the most recent accounts we are inclined to believe that neither Cob- den, Bright, Villiers, or any of the radical party, would accept office. Owing to the detention of the Humboldt. we have received the London papers of the 24th ult., by which we learn, in addition to the above, that the minist rial arrangement were nearly completed, as will be teen from the following semofiicial announcement in she Loudon Times:— THE LATEST. [From the London Times, Deo. 24.] We may now safely announce the complete suc- cess of the project of a united administration. From | the following arrangements it will be seen at once that all the supposed difficulties of the design have been met in such a way that the country doe: not lose the — servi of any considerable statesman, and that no sacrifice of dignity has been imposed on any statesman or any party. Lord John Russell takes Ne foreign office, with the leadership of the House of Commons. The great and growing importance of this department, in the present state of continental affairs, and the fact that in every other European government the Foreign Secretary is the chief of the administration, will entirely satisfy the scruples of Lord John Russell's most jealous admirers and most sensitive friends. The department, it is well known, had atone time been marked out for Lord Clarendon, undoubtedly as qualified for it as any other man in this kindgdom. He has, however, | we believe, been among the foremost to per- | suade Lord John Russell to undertake it. Should it prove too laborious for the whig chief, he may, without any compromise of i ask ‘to be relieved by removal to of Jess arduous character, and, in that case, no doubt his opinions will be considered in the choice of his successor. Lord Palmerston takes | the Home Office. It is impossible to overstate the | value of his Lordship’s adhesion, and his implied tes- | timony to the prospects of the new administratioy Still less is it possible to deny the universality of his genius, and that tact which is the first requisite for the successful discharge of any public office. As | Home Secretary, too, it must not be forgotten, his | the constitution of which he has performed so promi- nent a part. These two names are, in themselves, a | sufficient guarantee for the support of the whole whig | party. The Duke of Newcastle will take the colonies. | As some other Papen srrengend including the distribution of the Chancellorship of the Pesheduee) the First Lordship of the Admiralty, and the Presi- , dency of the Board of Control, between Sir J. Gra- | ham, Sir C. Wood, and Mr. Gladstone, are not yet definitely settled, we forbear to say more, but the de- | cision will not be postponed beyond to-day. | That such a cabinet will require, for its harmonious | operation, a degree of mutual forbearance on the part | of some of its members, is not to be denied. But, notwithstanding the public questions that have di- | vided for a time some of the whig statesmen, there has never been the least interruption of personal friendship. Ifany real differences remain between | the whigs and the liberal conservatives of Sir R. Peel's school, they are amply counterbalanced by the | friendly regard and mutual respect that have long rubsisted between them. Among men of this temper calibre common sense and experience have ater weight than with the lighter class of | smen have doubtless These stat ondered minds. much over the very unsatisfactory history of the last seven years—over the long and undeserved exclusion of some, and the final, but equally undeserved down- all of others--on the great scandal hence arising to the cause of public justice and truth, and on the utter impossibility of rectifying the errors of this very long period, except by some such union as that now accomplished. The necessity of a compre- hensive government is evident to everybody who is not perfectly blinded by party, or by some less de- , fensible § ies of egotism. It is plain as facts can t one clique, or one class, cannot govern that all men cannot be Premiers, or even Foreign Secretaries, or even Chancellors of the Exchequer. What might have been the effect of such a combination as the present, several years back, t is useless to inquire; just now, there is an opening for it, and not to profit by that opening would argue a gross indifference to the real interests of the coun- try. If any great question remained which could | ouly be solved by the dishonest connivance of a sec- | tion in the cabinet, that would render the union as | shortlived as it would certainly be unjustifiable, but | such a question must have to be invented before it | can be alleged. There is none so much as alleged at present. | well defined is the policy on which the country will alone submit to be governed, and so thoroughly understood are the qualities required in a minister, that we must look out of policies and out of adminis- trations, for the causes of political weakness in these days. The greatest infirmity that can now happen to a government is a state of bondage, orfat least, a too intimate and peculiar relation to some particu- | lar classes or interests of the realm. If a statesman chooses to tie himself with obligations to the agricul- toral or any other interest, of course he must reap the fruits of his divided allegiance, and be deserted by either his country or his friends. Happily there is not a shadow of any such disabling and dishonoring engagement in this instance. There are no splen- did promises to be redeemed, or neglected, or ex- plained. The Premier does not enter parliament in | the condition of the captive described by the Roman | poet:— “ Qui lora restrictis lacertis Sensit iners timuitque mortem.” There may not be a very wide scope for the ex- ercise of ‘political ingenuity. Legislation is not so much an inventive a3 a remedial, a correc- tive, oraccumulative work. It developes, it adapts, it improves, it adds, it reforms, but all the time it is dealing with ‘a substantial body of legisla- tion, and an existing policy, which no prudent states- man will venture to disturb without reason. There is, indeed, a great deal to be done, but it will only be | hindered by attempts to legislate for a party instead of a State.” The very name, the barest suspicion of class legislation, will be fatal in these days to the ef- ficiency of the hest-intentioned government. In ing, however, the experiment of a broad and com- ve administration, we must beg to suggest that what it loses in symmetry of appearance and harmony of materials it must make up in efficiency. If such & government is not a working one, it must s00n become ridiculous, for all men will insist on a reason for union between those who have not hitherto acted together. ‘England does not love coalitions.” | Certainly not. It is easier to love one person by no | means agp of our affection, than a dozen persons together, each of them quite aa good as we deserve, but with the usual variety of person and character. It is easier to love a sovereign than any government whatever, though the sovereign may to us be little more than a poetical idea, and the government may be a very serviceable and good one. No. We respect 3 we do not even neglect | what is convenient; but we do not love any of them. Why, then, should we be expected to love the present | “coalition?” We have no fear but that the new gov- | ernment will receive just as much respect and affec- tion as the British people are accustomed to bestow | on their governments. All depends on its working; and it is its own fault if it does not work well. The Overthrow of the Derby Ministry and | the Message of President: Fillmore. {From the London » The farewell message of Millard Fillmore to Con- gress, like the floundering of our late ministers in the debate on Mr. Villers’s resolutions, is the last sigh of protection. The moribund President, like the de- funct Premier, gently recommends a protection in everything but name. He would impose duties on imported manufactures, for revenue it is true, but also to “encourage” the home manufacturer, by ena- bling him to compete on equal terms with the for. eigner. But the lease of power of the President who speaks thus, is out. The nation at the Presidential election has by an overwhelming majority, declared against his party and its protectionist doctrines. In a few weeks the free trade President elect will he installed in office, to co-operate with a free trade Congress. One immediate advantage may be fairly anticipated from this change. The coquettish pro: crastination with which the overtures from Canada and the other British North American provin for ther of restriction 1 their trade w the States of the [ 1 receis at Washing te e! ch longer sted ui competition’ —should Ix om, hav to he 1 volun ited | human vanity—made with respect to the title of | the old world. thing human has its dubious or pppening, as well as its fair side. No man, no set of men, are right in all their opinions, or wrong ia all their opinions. The protectionist heresies of the Ame- rican whigs are in part compensated for by their sound and reasonable opinions and sentiments respecting war and military glory. On the other hand, it is a sad drawback on the free trade convic- tions of many democrats that they are madly am- bitious of a fighting reputation for their country. The whigs have ever been the advocates of a peace- able, non-aggressive, non-intervention policy. The democrat orators are but too fond: of rounding their periods with belligerent images, and worse still, they are as ready to strike as to speak of striking. re reluctant to prejudge the President elect, who enjoys so fair a reputation among many, not the least intelligent and judicious of his countrymen; but keeping in mind the antecedents of his party, it is impossible to steer entirely clea ings. It | will be a great relief if the first message of President Peirce is as rational on the subject of war as the last of President Fillmore. The passages of the message, indeed, which relate | to foreign policy and war, are the gems of the docu- ment. They are expressed exactly in the sense of the fathers of American Independence—a sense too ' little appreciated by many of heir descendents. To- wards the close of the message, President Fillmore asses in review a number of topics to which cireum- | have prevented his deyoting so much atten- s he could have wished, on this and former occasions. The chapter on wars and foreign policy is the longest and most labored of these supplement- ary expositions, and _ its spi is, in every respect, | commendable. Mr. Fillmore reminds his countrymen | of the high philosophic spirit in which the fgunders of their republic repudiated all but defensivé wars, | and refused to entangle themselves in the petty dynastic intrigues and diplomacies of old Europe. He points to the too prevalent disposition in many quarters to depart from this old and true faith, and warns against the silly ambition of emulating the monarchs of the Old World in their lust of territorial acquisitions, and of the exercise of influence in the councils of neighboring States. And in exact con- formity with this abstract reasoning is the tone and temper of that part of the message which is devoted to the foreign ations of the United States. The | rights and the dignity of America are asserted with | the calm firmness of a truly brave man; but the per- | vading tone is pacific, and errors are freely admitted. No diplomatist of the Old World, hackneyed in the conventionalities of his trade, could have had the courage to confess an error in the handsome manner in which we find admission—so unpalatable to Peru to the Lobos Islands by the American President. | me temper in which the fishery squabble with Great | ritain is touched upon is admirable. With much interest we have watched of late, move- ments in the United States, which seem to be sympa- thetic of the growth of a national party, combining some of the best features of the old democrats on the one hand, and of the old whigs on the other. The great merit of the democrats has been their exemp- tion from the mere hereditary conventionalities of | Their minds have been more open | to new and important truths. Hence their ready | reception of the doctrines of free trade, codi- fying law reform, and the like. This exemption rom prejudice has been attended by a swaggering affectation of contempt for all who did not participate in their views, an undue contempt for the opinions of others, an over-readiness to substitute blame for ar- ment. From these faults the whigs, as a party, ave generally been exempt. They have studied the graces and decorums after the European fashion. But, unfortunately, this assertion of a dignified self-respect, and this regard for the feelings of been accompanied with a disposition to adhere to old European superstitions in re- gard of protected trade, indirect and undue in- fluence in elections, and the like. It would bea proud day for America if a new party, winnowing the wheat of both the old ones from their chaff, shall make the nutritious grain its own ; and it will be a oun day hereafter for President Pierce, if he sh: have the discrimination and moral courage to make the principles of such a party his rule of action during the time that he fills the office of chief magis- trate. This is a matter in which England has quite aa deep a stake and interest as America. It is most desirable that these two great nations should, in their dealings with each other, approximate the ma of their international law as closely to the di of natural reason and equity as possible. Thi not only be conducive to their mutual inter their dealings with other, but will enable them to take the lead in the march of civilization, and set anexample to other States. It ought to be the mission of these two greut nations to initiate a new and more rational policy, to shame the diplomatists of the Old World out of ‘their traditionary trickery, their incessant nibbling at small or illusory ad- vantages by discreditable means, by setting them a better example. The Last Message of President Fillmore. {From the London Times, Dec. 22.] The message of the American President, though partially deprived of its importance by the period of its delivery, is invested, from the nature of its topics, with even unusual interest for English readers, and exhibits, if we may be allowed the criticism, a con- siderable improvement upon the traditional charac- ter of these documents in condensation and style. As Mr. Fillmore is on the eve of quitting office, he cannot, of course, communicate to the world an authentic or circumstantial views of a policy whic will soon receive its shape from other hands, and we must wait till next spring for an exposition of the ls on which the government of the American nion is likely to be based for four years to come. occurred, which at Events, however, have recently | one time threatened the relations of Great Britain and the United States with some disturbance, and there are other points besides on which the external policy of the Union has been regarded with sufficient uneasiness to render any official assurances on such subjects extremely acceptable. : Three months ago we were reduced, by the recess of Parliament, and the contradictory assertions of the ministerial press, to considerable uncertainty on the question of the North American fisheries, and it did not re isfactory elucidation in the stat liament was favored at its ope ing in November. We can now, however, discern that | the estimate which we then formed of this transaction | was substantially correct. The proceedings of the | Derby ministry did impress the American govern- ment with the belief that Great Britain intended to enforce, for the benefit of her colonists, those provi- | sions of the treaty of 1818, against which the Ameri- | cans had long protested, and, though this impres- sion was afterwards removed, it had certainly not been conceived without reason. The difference of understanding, as respects the terms of the conven- | tion, still remains unsettled;;but it is gratifying to | observe that the two governments no longer enter- tain any distrust of each others intentions, and that the way has been paved, by this transient error, to a permanent adjustment of the whole subject, on con- ditions of reciprocal advantage. As far, therefor as the fisheries are concerned, there is no reason for apprehending that the amity which should subsist between Great Britain and America is in any danger of interruption. On the question of the Lobos Islands, too, the declarations of the President are as clear and as candid as could be desired, apprising us, indeed, in terms honorable to the American go- yernment, that ‘the Meare toatl wrong which had been unintentionally done to Peru, from want of in- formation, had been repaired by an unreserved ac- knowledgment of her sovereignty.” There are two other points on which the proceed- ings of the Federal government are viewed with consi- derable interest on this side of the Atlantic—the | designs upon Cuba, and the expedition to Japan. In | so far as a plain uncompromising condemnation of Jawleas aggression can be taken us a pledge of for- bearance, Mr. Fillmore’s observations on the former subject are certainly assuring ; but we cannot remark withont regret thet a design which points to nothing less than the territorial spoliation of a foreign state in time of peace, should be argued rather as a ques tion of expediency than as a matter of principle. In | Mr. Fillmore’s estimate of the resulte which would probably ensue upon the annexation of Cuba to the States of the Union, we are disposed to concur ; but, from such a description of the case, it naturally fol- lows that those who disbelieve in the consequences thus predicted, may see no further impediment to their own conclusions. Considering, too, the elabo- ate statement which bas recently been issued, ascribing the whole policy of the Union in this respect to its apprehensions of foreign aggression upon hi right it seoms difficult to understand how Mr. Fillmore could have seen anything “‘nconstitutional, impolitic, or mnavailing,” in a proposal to set these and all other apprehensions at rest forever, by a solemn compact on the part of the vecied governmen France and England offered to join the United States ina formal and ¢ disclaimer of all intentions to obtain posse Cuba, ond in a virtn ntee of the island to its rightful owners. This proposition the American at declined, but in a9 doing it undoubtedly | | conclusion that we have established in these remote furnished grounds for the belief that the suspicions it has itself to entertain are less reasonably those which have been expressed else- where. With respect to Japan, we are assured that the objects of the expedition are limited to the re- quirements of maritime hospitality, and that our own example in China will be followed by the extension to all nations, indiscriminately, of any advantages ob- tained. In arguing, however, that the American overnment could make these overtures more satis- factorily than that of any other State, in consequence of its known indiepasion, to aggrandizement, we think the President ventured on assumptions not unlikely to be disputed. . The ‘financial and domestic affairs of the Union are represented as most flourishing. All branches of manufacturing industry are generally pace perce the public debt is in process of effectual liquidation, and there is a surplus in the treasury of some £3,000,000 sterling. Notwithstanding these pros- ects, Mr. Fillmore professes an inflexible adherence 0 the ancient dogmas of protection. Like certain statesmen nearer home, he publicly declares that his “views on this important question remain un- changed,” and he proceeds to the advocacy of his opinions with the most obsolete fallacies of this in- veterate imposture. He argues that agriculturists need a manufacturing population to consume their produce, that manfactures require capital and skill, and that capital and skill can only be created by the revention of foreign competition, or, in other words, if the exclusion of all who may possess capital and skill in greater perfection than those who are endea- voring to create it. So universal is the pam of protectionism that we actually find an American President contemplating European eat as “untaxed foreigners,” and tall of the “ruinous competition from abroad” to which his own coun- trymen may be subjected. It will occur, we doubt not, to Mr. Fillmore’s successor that the best way to call capital and skill into being is not to dispense with their employment by a protective tariff, and that agricultural produce will be most likely to find a market when every branch of industry is left to develope itself in its natural direction. It is interesting to remark the gradual but irresisti- ble tendency of the American government to those peculiar measures of policy which have been sup- posed to characterize older and Jess democratic insti- tutions. Though ‘intervention” in the affairs of Eu- rope is still formally repudiated, the “Department of State” has become so overburdened with increase of business from foreign negotiations as to require ma- terial relief and extension; the army—small enongh, | to be sure—i | and the fortifications recommended will be continued, | an American journal predicts, “as long as there is a | dollar in the treasury.’ It will amuse some | readers, and should ‘instruct others, to that much anxiety is felt in America about manning the nayy, and that the establishment of a permanent corps of trained seamen is suggest- ed; that the administrative system of the various departments of government is inarked out for reform; that a building is urgently needed for the national records, and [ that great embarrassments are experi- enced in adjusting the relations between the citizens of the outlying States; or, in other words, the colon- ists of the Union and their savage neighbors. On the whole, however, while the contents of the mes- sage should certainly be satisfactory to the American people, its spirit is undoubtedly creditable to the | federal government; nor could the most conservative | statesman of conservative Europe have spoken with | greater. discernment or boldness than Mr. Fillmore, | in assuring his countrymen that not only ‘the pre- sent necessities,” but ‘the permanent safety and in- terest” of a nation, are best consulted by “a stern sense of international justice,” and that any aggres- sive ‘‘ propagandism”’ is “ more likely to result in the | overthrow of republican liberty at home than its establishment abroad.” Policy of England as Regards Australia. (From the London Times, Dec. 24.) While we are so busy in settling our own govern- | ment, it is not inopportune to remind our readers | that there is a large, interesting, and important sec- tion of this empire which, at this moment, possesses no government at all. The most ardent disciple of the doctrine of Jaissez aller could not frame so loose | and inadequate a definition of the duties of govern- ment as to include within it, under any reasonable | construction, the incompetent juntas to which are entrusted the concerns of our Australian colonies. We have often pointed out how irritating the system of absentee and centralized government, in which we still persevere, is to our Lier dependencies, how much it alienates the minds of the people, and how seriously it compromises the integrity of the empire. The matter now presents itself in another point of view, and we see this system of centralized manage- ment as incompetent as it is unreasonable, as feeble as it is oppressive. We have sacrificed the good of our colonists, and loaded our Colonial Office with the mismanagement of a number of intricate and per- | plexing details, the parish matters of the Antipodes, | in order that we might maintain in our foreign de- | pendencies a strong government. Well, an emer- gency has at last arisen in which a strong govern- | ment is required, and we gradually awake to the countries no government at all. The local and im- perial powers, between which our miserable and jealous policy has divided the duties of ad- ministration, haye mutually paralyzed each other, and our equilibrium of checks and balances | has kept the machine stationary at the mo- | ment when its vigorous action was the most required. Nothing was more essential than that the colonial governors and legislatures should | have been able to deal with the public lands so as to mect the new and surprising circumstances which have arisen; but this they could not do, for we had fettered and tied up those lands by act of Parlia- | ment, ina manner most unsuitable to any country, but absolutely rujnous to the peace of such a country | as Australia; and no power short of an act of Parlia- | ment or an armed rebellion could unloose the gordian | knot. Many of the lands where gold is likely to be found are leased for fourteen years, are renewable for , another fourteen for pastoral purposes, to persons who are forbidden even to cultivate, and who have a right of pre-emption over these lands, at one pound anacre. This state of things could not have been durable under any circumstances. Increasing popu- | lation would be sure to resume by force these vast | and improvident gifts; but the discovery of gold has | precipitated the solution of the question. A re-ad- | jusiment is absolutely necessary, but the colonial le- gislature, which has the knowledge, has not the power, and the Imperial Parliament, which has the power, has not the knowledge. Again, we have often pointed out how absolutely necessary it was, unless these governments meant to abdicate their clearest and most elementary duties— the protection of life and of public and private pro- perty—to establish, at whatever sacrifice, a large and eflicient body of resolute and well-armed police. We showed, over and over again, that by such means alone could the utter demoralization of the lower classes in Australia be prevented, and the plunder of Iculable store of public wealth be averted. This interference was due to the capital invested in | | the colony, under the protection of the government, which was exposed to destruction by the drain of its | labor towards those countless treasures which that | government lavished so profusely and recklessly. | We proved that no system for regulating the work- , ing of the gold fields, or for collecting a revenue from the miners, could be permanent or effectual | which did not rest on the respect due not merely to legal authority, but to an armed and energetic force. The very welfare of the miners themselves demanded that they should not be abandoned to the excesses of a wild and perilous anarchy. The gold itself furnished an obvious and abundant means of defraying this necessary expense, which was, indeed, no more than what was requisite for the collection of this branch of revenue. We cannot doubt that, except for the pecutiar infelicity of their position, and the mutilated and inadequate nature of their powers, the governments of New South Wales and Victoria would at least have made some effort to discharge their duty in this respect. But here inter- vened the vice of our colonial system. We have been careful to make the governors of our colonies little more than corresponding clerks of the Colonial-office, and we cannot expect them all at once, because a | great emergency arises, to expand to the dimensions | of bold and practical statesmen. We must not com- | plain that men who are allowed no power will under- but little responsibility ; besides, we had com- ated the establishment of the police with other difficulties of our own creating. Out of what fund | was this body to be paid? Out of the taxes levied in the colony, which are at the disposition of the | local Legislature, or out of the land fund, which is at the disposal of the Lords of her Majesty's Trea- Cand ? The home authorities would have had no ob- jection to see such a force raised ont of the ta the colonists would, doubtless, as little cavil at its being paid for out of the land fund. If the revenue of the colony had been placed altogether in the hands of the one or the other, obvious necessity would have forced its employment ; as it is, nothing effectual | appears to be done. The result is exactly what | we predicted. A large body of persons is ga- thered together, containing among them the most desperate and depraved of the human race. They know no law, and recognize no authority. Every man goes armed, and nobody trusts to any protection but such as his own hand can give him. The demands of the government for the license fee are treated with contempt. Not to pay is the rule, to pay is the exception—an exception only made when it is wished to obtain a marketable title to a claim. As government las abandoned its treasure to the rapacity of the public, every other employ- ment, however useful or necessary soever, is aban- doned. No wages can retain domestic servants; no promi-es, no threats, can keep seamen to their duty. | A hundred ships are rotting in the harbor of Mel- | bourne, the roads are becoming impassable, the | flocks untended, the ficids untilled, the dwellings nn- ired. The whole population has gone h to | reps pillage the wealth of the government, and the go- vernment is spellbound, ¢ no more stir in de- | fense of its rights th under the rod of Prospero. Hail a vigorous and manly stand been | made in the first instance—had the authorities lected hy offering y of au gut is overworked even by frontier duties, | 7.) learn | 1 | in the #t the; ht have easily perpe' crease of the pee equal to ae increase of ‘the mi- ners. The rule once laid down, would have been ob- served, and a moral force obtained which, if attack- ed, would have ranged on its side the vast majority of the gold seekers. But now it would seem as if the opportunity were past ree: . That salutary re- straint which might have been easily and almost im- perceptibly introduced at first, would now come with all the disadvantages attending innovation and reac- tion. We have trained these large masses to lawless license, and we must reap the harvest we have sown. After a suspension of all law and authority for a year and a half, it would probably cost little less than a civil war to reinstate the power of government over a body of 60,000 men, united by one common inter- est, and knowing no ruler but their own passions. We must expect to hear that the intolerable evils of such a state of society will be met with remedies al- most equally intolerable, and that the horrors of Ca- lifornian Lynch law will be re-enacted in an English colony, to Which England has forgotten to givea government. The first spark of this fire might have been easily trodden out, but we have suffered it to take firm hold on the fabric of society, and where shall we now find an element sufficiently poteyt for its extinction? .,.. Important from Spain, The critical state of affairs in Spain has been ter- minated at present by the overthrow of the Brayo Murillo re-actionary ministry, which ceased to exist on the 14th Dec. General Roncali had been called upon by the Queen to form a new Cabinet, which was accordingly composed as follows:— General Roncali, .Premier, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. General Lara . War. jeneral Mir: “Marine. justice. M. Avitozs M. Liorente., In reference hove, the Paris correspondent of the London Times (always well informed on Span- ish affairs) gives the following particulars:— ‘The accounts from Madrid announce that the Bravo Murillo Cabinet. is upset, and a new Ministry named. It is composed of General Roncalli, President of the Council of Ministers and Minister for Foi ala, Minister of War: General Mirasol, Mi rine; M. Vahey, Minister of Justice; M. Aristazabel. Mi- i nance; and M. Lorente, Minister of the Inte- ter of Public Works is not yet named. pinion of Spaniards here, and in which I rather eo- incide, is that the new ministry is one of transition, at least so far as the majority of its members is concerned, her than one promis i The new elections will be held, perhaps under their control, and not very differently from what they would have been under the Bravo Murillo Cabinet. It was rumoured that M. Isturitz had been summoned to Madrid by the Queen to construct a Cabinet, of which he and probably M. D. Mott and his brother-in-law, M. Pidal, would be the principal members. I do not know how far this report ean be relied on, as I believe no intel li of the kind has been received at the Spanish lega- With the exception of one or two, the pre- inisters are not persons of much influence, or much known in the political world. General Roncali came into notice in 1843, after the downfall of Esparte manded for a short time in the Basque provinces. was soon transferred to the Captaincy-General of Granada, where he exercised his command harshly and unpopular- ly. His services, such as they were, were rewarded by the rich Captaincy-General of the island of Cuba, where his conduct resembled more that of O'Donnell than of José Concha. His opinions on government were much the same as those of the Baron de Meer ; they are those which Spaniards would say belong toa “Realista puro.”” He has never figured ax a politician. General Lara is only known having commanded for some time in the Campo deGibraltai Neither as a military man nor as a politician is there any: thing remarkable in his career. General Count Mirasol is better known. He is the senior member of the Cabinet. He commanded in Bilbao in 1835, when Zumalacarregui besieged that city, and when the Carlist chief was struck by astray ball, from the effects of which he died in June of the same year. In one of the sallies outside the garri- son, Mirasol narrowly escaped being made prisoner by the Carlist outposts. He commanded in Guipuzcoa, in the Basque provinces, in the summer of 1837, and had his head-quarters at Hernani, when he was obliged to fly in consequence of an insurrection in one of the Spanish regiments of the garrison. An English officer, named Ebsworth, who had bel to the British Auxiliary Le- gion, was shot dead by mistake for the General, whom he resembled in size, though much younger. Colonel, now General, Rendon, chief of his staff, was also near falling a victim to the fury of the soldiers. General Mirasol was escorted by a de- tachment df an Irixh battalion quartered at Astarroga, half a mile distant from the house in which he was stay- ing, and conducted by them to the beach of San Sebastian, where he embarked on board a steamer for Bayonne. He afterwards commanded in Puerto Rico. Count Mirasol, | however, is best known to the English public by his mis- sion to London in 1848. It was he who was sent by the Duke of Sotomayor to explain the reasons for the delivery of his passports to the British Minister, by the Spanis| government, Count Mirasol did not, I believe, succeed in obtaining an interview with Lord Palmerston. M. bey is not much known. He is considered to be an ally of M. Salamanca, as also is M. Arista- zabel, who is still less known. M. Tlorente was, a member of the Spanish Tiers Parti—the s—at the head of which was M. Pacheco, who was Minister with Salamanca, General Cordova, Ros de Olano, Escosura, and others. In 1847 that ministry was upset by a court intrigue, in which General Serrano, who was then the great favorite, took ‘so prominent a part. General Narvaez re-established his power on its ruins. Llorente was a journalist at Cadiz during a part of the regency of Expartero, and obtained rather a melancholy celebrity by the fatal result of a duel in which he had en- gaged with a brotl urnalist on the other side. On looking over the T see no one with influence or po- sition sufficient to promise much stability for the cabi- net. None of the new ministers have, I believe, acted for or against the Bravo Murillo cabinet in any active way, and their names do not, if | remember rightly, appea the electoral manifesto of the opposition. ‘That manifes- to stated that those who adopted it were not opposed to in reforms in the constitution, and the present mi- are unpledged for or against such, The first and most obvious measure of the new cabinet would be to withdraw the project of constitution, as already publish- ed. Whether they will substitute another for it, remains to be seen. One of the natural consequences, too, of the fall of Bravo Murillo, ought to be the recall of General Narvaez. Austria. The Emperor of Austria arrived at Berlin on the 17th ult., on a visit to the Prussian Court. He was accompanied by his brother, the Archduke Ferdinand Maximelian, anda brilliant suite. Their majesties entered Berlin in state, by the Brandenburger gate, | on the 18th, and attended a great review of the gar- rison. This is the first time that an Emperor of Aus- tria has ever entered Berlin, and the visit of this mo- narch was believed to have especial reference to the lark cloud (at present no larger than a man’s hand) rising up over the left bank of the Rhine. An intimate commercial treaty between Prussia and Austria was on the eve of being arranged, and everything, therefore, seems to bode that a”close inti- macy will be cemented between the two great Ger- man powers, backed up by Russia, in view of the eyentialities of French affairs, which ave looked upon with the greatest distrust by the Northern Courts. Turkey. Tn reference to Turkish affairs, the correspondent of the Constitutionnel, writing from Constantinople on the Sth, states that the determination of the bank not to receive paper money (kaimes) of the govern- ment in payment of bills on Europe, had caused, in addition to great perturbation in the money market, a fall in the paper money of from seven to eight per cent, and a total A goat of specie. The di- rectors of the bank, when called on for explanations, declared that they had not sufficient confidence in | the ka’mes to exchange them for bills of exchange, which would have to be paid in Europe in specie, and that sooner than do so they would wind up their affuirs, A deputation, consisting of ten of the prin- cipal merchants of different nations, was nominated to make known to the government the lamentable situation of commerce, and it was to have an inter- view with the Minister of Finance on the 6th. It was believed thatthe Grand Vizier, and the other members of the Cabinet, would attend the con- | ference. The Latest Havre Marketa. (From a Private Correspondent. Haver, Dec. 23, 1852. Onur cotton market is dull, and sales are being made at 24 4 centimes below the current rates of last week. The sales yesterday were 600 bales. ‘The ship Hesper, from Charleston, with a full cargo of | cotton, arrived last evening. Havne Maret, Wednesday, Dec. 22, 1852.—Corroy.— Our Ieiters by steamer Asia came only to hand just as our last cirenlar went to press: business to a fair amount had, until then, been transacted, but already, on Wed- nesday, he announcement of three more ships taken w in the States for this market, of a few cargoes cleared, which, however, were not unlooked for, and, in addition, the arrival of several vessels, slackened altogether the de- mand. The unfavorable advices from Liverpool contri- buted not a little to the dulness which prevailed, and on Wednesday the sales did not exceed 600 bales. On Thurs- day they were also limited to 300 bales; and although the tone of ‘the Liverpool market was not considered very en- couraging, our rates remained supported. Friday, the demand was confined to the strictest wants of trade, and scarcely 500 bales found buyers; in the evening, a dis- patch ‘from Liverpool gave the weekly sales 37, bales against 38,000 bales imports and middling, at francs 5 9-16, say 1-16 advance on last week's quo tations, but with a flat market, and only 5,000 bles sales that day. Howey notwithstanding these accounts, th ce of several buyers from the interior gave n certain to the market on Saturday, and up. wards of 700 bales changed hands at steady rates. Our brokers, on Frid ade no alteration in last week's quo tations. Sunday verpool weckly circular confirmed Friday's despatch, which announced nearly '44. rise in prices for American descriptions, and rather more inv portant transactions than the previons week's, although spinners are certainly provided for some time yet to come, { Monday, the sales reached 4,000 bales at stiff prices, and yesterday, after receipt of a do \ announcing the ar rival of the America. which brings out declining markets the rales did not exceed 600 bal were lower than the day before. ‘Vo i 18,800 halos, w T quotations for 4.000 bales impo vi our and | price ales of the we | maintained, | 80, the Bulletin says, have d 3,778 bales. yee raid ne short staple cottons, according tot! re classifications: — Tr.-b. Bos. Tr.-0. Ordin. B.-ord. — - New Orleans, 74 80 88) 3D. Motile..... 6 86 ee Upland up 8 8 — = = Asher—Sales to the extent of 150 bbls. American have been made at from fr. 38 50 to 38 75, say without: any marked improvement. In Pearlash about 40 bbls. have been realized at fr. 46 50 to 46 75. Nothing doing in Casan at fr. 36 per 50 kil, duty paid—no arrivals. Beeswax—During the last fortnight a few small parcels of Hayti and other localities have come to hand, and we notice the sale of 62 casks New York at fr. 202 50 per 60 kil., duty paid. Oils—Whale oil has given rise of late te very important transactions at declining rates, particulac- ly for stock afloat, and the loss of the French whaler Liaa- court with 1,700 barrels created no sensation in the mar- ket, prices being quite in favor of buyers. Sales comp.ise about 400,000 kil., to arrive by various whalers expected next year, at 47 25, 47f., and even 46f. for last price paid, and 95,000 kil. in’ port, at 49f. per 50 kil, duty paid. Nothing doing in palm, which remains supported at 44 te 45f., but in cocoa. oil, which continues searce, 200 bhds. to arrive from India by Boromee, have been taken at 66 ‘Tif. Imports—7 casks of the latter from London. Rioe continues neglected and on the decline; our stock is hea’ and sales limited to 400 bags Coringhuy damaged, publicly. at 10 50 to 13 25f., and 450 bags Bengal sou at 18 H0f. per 50 kil., duty paid. Nothing doing in Carolina, lea sages bags East Indio, coastwive. Tallow and Lard—Still nothing doing in these arti- cles, owing to the exigency of our stock. Prices, however, for tallow are well supported. No arrivals. Whalebone—The trade remains on a complete reserve, waiting the probability of a fall in prices; however, um now no change has taken place; no imports. Woods—Our rates are rather languid for dyewoods, and salea were Timited to 185,000 Kkil.Campeachy Spanish cut, aflont, at fr. § 55 per 50 kil., duty paid, by Antonia; imports, three cargoes logwood, ‘say two from Carmen, by Gustave and Antonio, and one from St. Domingo, by Alexandre. In other articles, the sales were 1,200 bbls. American flour, at fr. 52 to 82 75, last price paid in bond, per bbl.; 6 bales Ostrich feathers, at fr. 375 per 50kil., duty tpaid, and 100,000 kil. ground nuts, to arrive by Colonel Combes, at r. 16. Paris Bovnsr, Dec. 23.—Closing Prices.—Four-and.a- half, per cents, 105 85c.; three per cents, 82f. 10¢.; Bank of France, 2,98 f, ‘The Shanghat Market. SMITH, KING & CO.'S CIRCULAR. SHANGHAI, October 18, 1852. nee our last advices, dated the 17th ult., we have to eport a continued steady demand for all kinds of cotton rnd woollen goods (excepting camlets, as before) and at ates generally which are remunerating to importers. American cottons continue in good demand at our quota- ions, and the stock is entirely held by Chinese dealers. ‘The purchases of (eas have been on an extensive seale, both for the United States and England, and prices fully In silk there has been less doing, and the market has given way. Money has, since our last, come very scarce and dear, the native rate of interest having ranged as high as 214 per cent per month; dollars are required for the native cotton trade, and we have sel- dom known a greater scarcity of them amongst the community, hence our exorbitant rates of ex- ; this state of things is also aggravated by the de- pressed state of the opium market, which has received « check, owirg to some seizures haying been made at So0- chaou. * American Cotton Goods.—The only arrivals have beem per Panama and Tartar. We quote—Drills, 49-yards, $5 03; 30-yards, $230. Jeans—30-yards, $2 75; 40-yarda, $5 40: and sheetings, 40-yards, $2 70a $275; 30-yards, $2 per piece. Unsold stock, including above importa- tions, about 40,000 pieces of all kinds. Chintzes and Handkerchiefs.—Of the former, about 10,- 000 pieces have been sold, at rates varying from $1208 $280. The market is very dull, and overstocked, and sales can only be made in barter. Handkerchiefs are im rather better demand, and we hear of a sale of 1,000 de- zens of blue, at 65 cents. Spotted shirtings are dull at $2 50 a $2.60 for whites. Brocaded shirtings continue in fair demand, at $4600 $4 60 per piece. Lead has been sold since our last, as low as $5 40; bué is now saleable at $5 60a $555, the bulk of the stock having got into the hands of one party; we can hai look for improved rates for some time to come, th we expect to sce stocks gradually reduced by the demand for the tea districts. Since our last, further sales te the extent of 4,000 piculs are reported. Spelter.—The market for this article is very dull, amd $5 could not now be obtained for it. Sugar is in very good demand, and prices have advaac- ed, as we anticipated in our last. We Desir ram $3 15, at which rates sales to extent of 1, piculs are reported, Amoy, $240. Supplies of all kinds continge to be very limited. Rice.—The native crops are now nearly all harvested, and though yielding less than an average, have thus far exceeded the expectations of those best informed om the subject. We hear of no inquiries for foreign rice, amd the price of native growth is very moderate. Black Teas.—Our market has continued very active since the departure of the last mail, and every chop hae been eagerly sought after on arrival of the musters. To- tal sales since our last are estimated at 120 chops, making sales since 1st July 400 chops. Of the purchases di the month, many have not yet arrived from the tes country. The unsold stock, of which musters only have arrived, does not execed 35 chops, and for which exor- bitant rates are demanded, without any guarantee as to when they will be delivered. We quote common 1034 taels for lowest and 1234 taels for good ordinary Sim Chuen and Ho How kinds, and 14 a 1514 taels for class Monings. Our quotations are lower than those of last month by about 5 mace per_picul, but it must be borne in mind that the quality of tea offering is relatively lower. Of old Congou not a package remains. Souchongs have continued in demand el hiefly for Australia, and have: been taken off at taels 14a 154, in preference to the lowest class of Congon formerly ‘shipped to that market; about 1,000 chests e been sold since our last. Fl Pekoes—The stock is reduced to about 1,200 packages, hietly of fair quality, and held at 15 a 22 taels. and Ankoi kinds have advanced'considerably, and the mar- ket ontirely cleared of good quality; sales may be stated at about 4.000 packages, and at an advance of 2a 4 tacle on our last quotations. The stock now consists of inferior ies. worth 9 a 12 taels. nm teas have been sold freely on arrival, and total sales since 1st July are estimated at 300,000 packages, in- cluding those intended for the United States, England‘ Europe, and Australia. The unsold stock is stated at 50,000 packages. Prices may be quoted about as last month's, say— ri Tai Ping. — Hwuy Chow. Taels. Taels. Young Hyson 7 a 30 Hyson 18 a 24 Hyson $ als Twankay 13340 16 Imperial 20 “a 26 Gunpowde: 1 2 028 1 29 9 86 Silk.—Our market has continued yery quiet, and prices are decidedly lower. We quote prices as under :—Tsat- lees, No. 1, Drs. 425 a 480—No. 2, Drs. 385 a 440—No. 8, Drs. 340 a 370. Taysaam, best, Drs. 350 a 35: 200 a 320—Inferior, Dra. 260.2275. Yuen Fa, Drs. 870 a 395. Thrown, Drs. 380. 395. Since our last, shipments have been per Ann Nelson, 1,089. bales—per Wisconsin, 551 bales—per Viscount Sandon, 44 bales—per Mehemet Ali, 4 bales—per William Stewart, 588 bales—per Johm Knox, 392 bales—making the total shipments to Great Britain from 1st July to date, (inclnding overland shi ments per steamcr) 15,907 baies against 9,700 bales 1851 and 7,300 bales ‘in 1850. Silk piece goods continue dear, and cannot be con- ae for at less than 253; cents per tael of pure ilk. Bullion—Sycee, for duty, may be quoted at Dra. 185 4@ 7100 tacls, Gold bars,’ Drs. 198 a 194 per bar of Otla, 420. Mexican dollors, 11 a 12 per cent discount, at which rate some few thousands have been sold. Chopped dollars, non—nominal value, 5 per cent discount. Exchanged has ruled high, and first class 6 months? bills under clean credits, have been sold to a large amouné at 5s. 134d., also 30 days’ sight bills on Union Bank of London, at same rate. Documentary bills, 5s. 2 dollar. Bank post bills, 58. 0 58. 044d. nominal. India Company's accepted bills, Rs. 238 Oriental Bank ‘on India, Rs. 238 at 3 days’ Canton, 4 per cent in favor of buyers. Freights to England, are rather higher, and may be quoted at £2 10s. for tea, and £3 for silk, with a mode- rate supply of tonnage at present. To United States, vessels from California are offering at Drs. 8a 9 per without being able to procure cargoes, ‘The supplies of American tonnage are much in excess of the demand, and none of the vessels now loading are getting more than Drs. 9 per ton. To Australia, the rate is £4 per ton of 50 cubie | feet. Items from Texas. We have received Galveston papers to the 30th ult. from which we copy the following items:— _ The United States mail steamer Fashion landed eighty dragoon horses at Indianola on the 19th ult. The Lavaca Commercial learns that Hon. J.C. Wilson, of Matagorda, will be a candidate for Con- gress in the Western district. We learn from the Houston Telegraph that the en- gineer engaged in surveying the Houston and Austin Railroad has completed his estimate for the grading of the first section of the road from that city to the Cypress, and he finds that the average cost of the earth work will not exceed $800 per mile. The banks of the Cypress are found to be sighiy feet above the surface at Houston. The distance is twenty-three miles; consequently the grade will not exceed four feet to the mile. The members of the Austin Lodge No, 12, of Ma- eons, have resolved to establish a seminary of learn~ ing in the city of Austin, to be under the supervision of the lodge.” The title is to be “ The Austin Ma- sonic High School.” There will be a male and fe male department. All the proceedings had are to be published in handbill form, and circulated through- ont the State. The Masons and Odd Mellows of Im- dianola have both completed their halls, and in doing ayed liberality and taste in a highly creditable degree, The San Antonio Ledger says that last yoar a Ger- man farmer, in the vicinity of New Brauntels, cleared from one acre, $500 worth of segars. A merchant at Bremen, Germany, has pronounced the tobacco of Western Texas kecond to nope but the Cuban for fumigating purposes, and adds his willingness and desire to secure the investment of $100,000 in the product. Se planters on the Medina will apply themscives to its cultivation the coming season Judge Billups i county, on the 19th Mobile to Texas in his death, acting Ch 7 The election to fill the vacancy ‘occasio resignation of the Hon. L.D. Eyans, os D' of Eastern Texas, vce on the 2Oth instant. Tt was thonght (hut My of Henderson county, had heen elected. t t return nd not bean