The New York Herald Newspaper, December 22, 1852, Page 2

RIGHLY INTERESTING FROM NEW MEXICO, @ur Government and Statesmen Cen- sared for Neglect of the Territory, TRE INCURSIONS OF THE INDIANS. The Saints ‘of Utah and the Sinners of | sivive at the point where I charge neglect, forget New Mexico. Fhe Importance and Utility of 2 National Bail- road to the Pacific, he Terra Incognita between the Rio Grande amd the Pacific—Necessity for Explora- tons by the United States Government, Propesed SembHenibly Mails between Santa Fe, N. H., and fan Diege, Cal. General Pierce and the Government of the Territory. $RE CONDITION OF THE POPULATION, &o., ko, ke ‘The following highly important corres ,endence feom New Mexico will be read with deep interest:— To THE BDITOR OF THE HERALD. Santa Fs, New Mexioo, Nov. 1, 1852. New Mexico has, during the last year, enjoyed an | exemption from Indian depredations such as has | mever been known for the last twenty yeuts. None | of the numerous tribes of this territory have as yet been punished ; and, therefore, the fear of Uncle | Sam is not the beginning of their wisdom. Their good behavier, so far, must then be a:tributed to the persuasive measures of the Indian Department, | aad the fow presents which have been from time to time distributed among them. A fact not without Interest is hereby pretomted for the consideration of | the philanthropist. Here we behold thousands upon | thousands of poor and always huegry savages, re- wtvained from predatory warfare, a second nature with them, by the distribution of a mere pittance | im presents It apesks well fir their good faith under the trying ciroumstances in which they are pladed. That they do act fear punishment may be well inferred from the fact that neither the Mexican nor American government have succeeded in chastising them. They cannot fear infantry, and they must know that that portion of our cavalry which a wite eocnemy bas not given to the bozzards, must be ef- fectunlly hors du combut, and yas they resist the temptation to plunder, enhanced as it must be by the daily want of food. Humanity and justice re- quire that at least a moderate quantity of food should, at regular intervals, be distributed among them. Policy, too, not lees than humanity, urges the adoption of such a method of keeping them al- acing. Ways at peace, as it must be obvieus to every sensi- | Wie being that to ratien them for ten years would not cort as mueh ae to fight them for a single sea gon. Their country furn'shes little or no game, and | they aie, therefore, compeiled to feed upon the | horses and mules of the civilized inhabitants of the territory. Congrees has adjourned, I see, and done nothing | place, with acopy of Mol Snmner’s endorsement. want Congress to give us | for New Mexieo. W. money +o build a pen! ntiary for the ascommods tion of our thieves—a very large house, about one | aby suggestions from you upon this subjeot. mile long and half o mile wide. We waat Congress also to have explored for us all that portion of our territery lying between the Rio Grande and the Pa eifio. That is all aterra incognita. Enough only is known of it to convinee us thet there exists an admirable route for the wagons and carriages of the emigrants, ard also for a railroad, should the govern- ment ever conclude to faver the making of one by exploring the country and epening the way. Ua- fortunately there is bat one wan whe is well as qmainted with the ro Capt. Joreyh Walker, the discoverer of the route. | tween conmtries no widely separated, and the very He is now a wealthy resident of California. We want Congress also to estab'ieh a somi month | #teh importance should be entirely within eur own Ty wail between Santa Fe, Ni Diego, Califor: Indisps ar wantu g We want, also, Taos, New Mexioo, and Salt Lu oO make the mare go. Sity. Useo Fitory. The distance is o ir 200 or 300 milk and from the } ity the ‘‘Lacter Day Saints of Jesus Christ @ regular commuaioation b; oe with San Catifornia by the way, toe “Saints” of Utah are increasing so rapidly that the male portion of the sionors of | New Mexico are beginning to be spprehensive that they will soon overrun this portion of the moral vineyard, and monopolise ourwomen The “Sainte” | ase fearful consumers of women. and our proximity wokes 08 live in penaities. Oar new Governer, Dr. Lane, enalihands. He isa very polit @ommen|y bandeome 1d gentleman, qualities which are erpecially pleasing to the native portion of the | } jarion. It is much to be hoped that if Gen. tee be elected, he will not send out in bis stead a moskey +pecimen of humanity. The rapi gharge cf government and of officers which heretofore been pracvived im this country, has been @ source of great & It seems a hard ma:ter to fade erper. or Secretary, or Jadge, er even an Indian agent, who will remain at his post more than a few weeks, before some urgent -basiness will yer him off to Wasbington, or his farm in the ates. Santa Fr, New Mexion, Oot 30, 1952. I herewith traeemit you the first of a series of letters, dedicated to matters connected with this Territory. This perteeuted, abused, misrepresented, negloct- od, forgoiten, appreciated, (don’t laugh, be- eaure 1's] prove it all before I wee taken posession of by the Amerioam govern- ment in 1546. ___Well do ¥ remember how joyfally (by the A neri- ‘eez revidents of this piace) was heard the last fare (a of the Mexican trumpets, when their troops sri)fied from Banta Fe; bat, at the same time, be it remembered that some 60,000 er 70,000 people, of a . igeorant of oar |. ment, they were promigod protection, assistance, fulness, and want of appreciation of New Mex:oo, ovr statesmen more particalarly. The Missouri compromise line, rauning as it doos through the extent of New ania, Sears ones i] rily give it an important geog) sition witl pork to the line of a future railroad Poy felends, Leroux, Hatcher, and Mr. Carson, bave all and each experience and knowledge of foasible lines of reute and travel through the more sou;hern portioa of New Mexico, butit is my personal experience that a line of travel is practicable, running, with few variations, nearly directly west to San Francisco from Missouri, and which shall accommodate the interests of the Nerth and South, without giving an undue preponderance to either. This line rans from Indepe ce or Kansas, to a point at or about the Turkey Creeks, on the Santa Fe road. This is 216 miles (wagon road) from Fayet*eville, in Arkansas. A line of railroad running through that State, com mencing at Memphis, connect the whole of the steamboat and railroad navigation of the South with that ef the North and central States, at the point above named ; thence south of weet, until crossing at or below Sante Fe, about thirty five degrees north latitude, or » degree and s half south of the compromice line; thence west to Fort Defiance, in the Navaje country, all of which is at this time a pras- ticable wagen road; thenee north of west, either crossing the Colerado below the junction of Grand and Green rivers, or above the junction of the latter rivers, as might be found ost practicable; from | thenoe to the Vegas of Santa Clara, thirty-six de- has fifteen minutes. This piece of country is un- ‘own and unexplored, that is, from the Colorado to the above nemed point, but, from the appearance | avd structure of the country, as well as I van re- | | member, it presents no insurmountable obstacle. From the Vegas of Santa Clara there is a good road, striking due west, (or rather a good road can je.) inside of the Great Salt dasin, with suf- pastures and water, crossing the Sierra No- vad. thout any difficulty, entering the Tulure Vauley (if I remember rightly,) at the head of Rio , and that is the celebrated between our people on the A ‘lantic and Pacific, and semi-mopthiy mail bowen | | 'Y | fiuencad by spy opinions er prejudices of a loeal er | | seetional character Thi great dread of their axorious pre- | wy, de los Reyes, or King river; thence to the San Joa- | quin, and thence down the southwestern bank until | | epporite “* Pacheco’s Pass” of the coast range; | thence to San Jose, and thence to San Francisco. | | The advantages to be derived from foilowing this | | line ef r are great and many It cannot be al- | leged against it that it bas an undue North or South | tendenoy ; the coal. iron and timber, requisite in | ie construction of a railroad, can be found in | seter abundance than known of on any proposed Hue weet of this point. and I am confident no vbsta- | oi¢ wi be cucountered which capiral, energy, acd | en‘erpripe will not surmount ; besides which, the | nation #ill reap the collateral beneGis of our capital | avd labor, being expended within the limite of oar | own country, withont bemg diverted through | the ebsenvel of foreigu republ cs; moreover, the whole of the country on this line is | eapable of maintaining a large popalation, and it | is nottoo far north to make the saowsor cold of | winter an obstacie. The crossing of the Sierra Ne- vada, or the apprebension of the difficalties to be | encountered there, is a mere bugbear of the imngi- | nation; and so it will be found. Iam exceeding | my preecribed bounds, £0, reader, till we meet again, | N. B.—I forgot to montion in the body of the | above, that the lino I propose is full 150 leagues | shorter than any other line of travel which bas bean suggested. No emali item. ALBrQuERQuR, Moexieo, Oct. 28, 1852. | My Dgaw Docror —I send you, herewith, a copy of the letter addressed to Mr. Paelps, of Missouri, | On the subjest of explorations westward from this | rite me # few line: think of my vie | the next mail to W and let me know what you nd as I shatl write again by | shington, I would be glad of Very truly youra, Joun Porr. Dr. J N., Saute Santa Fe, New Mexico, Oot. 26, 1852 Dear Qyr—In compliance wita your request, con- veyed to me through tte Hon J Hughtea, | take great pleasure in giving you al) the information in My porsersion concerning a reported route between | this place and California I will premise, however, | by making a few remarks, which I think usefai to the full undersianding of the sugges:ions I am abont to offer to your notice The aosoiute necessity of some closer counection | ef tacilitating intercourse as well as commerce be- great couridgeration that @ line of commaniea:ion ef dominions and under our own contre), have drawn the attention of Congress and the people to the overland lines of commuvicstion with the Pavifio, and the prorpect of a great national railroad has | been often and again discussed. In the cousideration of s plan 20 gigantic, and | fraught with results of such incaloulable importance | to the commeroial rejations of the whole worid, it is | not to be euppored that our government will be in- eat Object to be atta is a railroad eonnect’on between the two ovean: ation ef every tine of communication between the Mississippi river and the Pacific eve ‘ben name and fame are to be won by the discovery | ad location ef a reute so important, the explorer | t te be too sanguine of his succese and too eon- nt in his opinions. To avoid being embarrassed, | the cuts contending interests, it would seem | te me to be elearly the pelicy of the government to commence the road at some point in the territezies of the United States, and without t Btates, acd te terminate in California, at some peint | easily ascessible to the whole lice of coast To | avoid all davger of an unfortunate location ef the | road, it wonid nodoubted)y be the part of wisdom | fort juve river, and pass through the Talari vall Jormed by the abrupt terminations of the 8 which the whole coast of California is easily accesi ble. | was made by Mr of the year; aud, in fact, pureued are never difficult of pasrage from the snows | to Ban Diego, by the central route, would be, rough limits of the | ly, about hundred miles lees than by the South Pass to Sam among them un- to come. A, qpranmen) cctnhiiahel 8 in actually necessary for their belatance. With rtd idem’ regions of side, aad the allies ‘of ] ‘i om the other, they can offer few induse- ments for, om’ on one igration aad settle to people from our own country. The etablicimeat of &@ great national highway through their midst, the market thus presented for their surplus produce, and the constant intercourse and ac jusin> ance with the people of the United States, thus thrown open to them, would greatly elevate their social and ae ieal condi and the inducements to locate themselves presented to thé emigrants would soon ensure that infusion of Amerioan popu- lation, aud consequent amalgamation with this race, which would abbreviate, by many years, the pro- bation through which they must yet pass before they will cease to be a burthen and an expense to our goverement. The crowds of hardy and adven- turous emigrants who have through the South Pass into the valley Balt Lake, and to Oregon, have carried with them a knowledge of our ernment, an experience of its wise and bene- foie results, and an attachment tg our inetitu:ions, which will enable them to establish and maiotain government so far in consonance with our ewn as to entitle them, as soon as the populationis safficient, to admission into the community of States of the Union. Not so with New Mexico; and, in m: judg: | ment, no better digested plan for amelio: the cosdition of these Faonas. ond fitting them fora participation in the benefits of our free institutions, can be proposed, tham to promote. by every moans in eur power, an intercourse with the people of the United States. In view of the considerations, thus resented to your notiee, it seems but reasonable To beliewe that the government should loek with great anxiety tothe raged ofa practicable route to California through the midst of New Mexico. The country between the frontiers of Missouri, within certain limits, to the south, and some point on the Rio Grande, within one hundred and fifty miles to the south of Sante Fe, presents facilities construction of s rail or wagon road rarely met with in any part of the world, and has been sufficiently traversed, in many dire: to render the selection of a route, without further examina- tion, matter of little difficulty. The deep and ia- accessible rocky ravines, or cafions, through which flow most ef the large tributaries of the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers im their passage aoross the | plains, would render any wagon road impracti and any railroad exceedingly difficult of tion further to the south than the preseat | from Independence to Santa Fe These caiions aro | several hundred feet indepth, whelly inaccessible | te wagons, and. in most in ees, to horses and men on foot, and are found on all the streams, both north and south of the presont route. Even should it be found Wee to make a | road through Arkangas, or Texas, it would be ne- | ceseary, aniees c ntinued through tome part of old Mexico, to diverge at right aogles tothe north after siziking the Rie Grarde, and to pursue ths valley of that stream to @ point nearly ia the visi- nity of Albuquerque. The reute through San croseing the Rio Grande nosr Albuquerque, and passing throvgh Independence, in Missouri, weald be nearly straight to New York Little grading would be required se fur weet as the Rio Granda; | wood and water are found at convenient intervals, and coal beds of good quality have already been diecovered along some of the streams. Even | a caus] examin&tion will exhibit the great | Diego, in California, | | advanteges offered by this route ever any other; and should the statements im regard to @ coutinuanse of | the road to the Pacific be verified, it cannot fail to ment the attention of the governmeot Frem the Rio Grande westward the matter is still in some un- | certuipiy; and I will proceed to describe, as nearly | as possible, three routes to the Pacific, whic are | confidently stated to be easily traversed at nip see | sons of she year. These routes you will find merk- | ed in red on the mspe herewith enclosed, and their directions, and thecomparativ. will be easily perceptible. Th the Rio Grande at Val Verde, and proceeds nearly | due weet to the Great Colorado, which it crosses at the mouth of the Mojuve river. | The ceatral route crosves the Rio Grande at Albu- qurque, passes the dividing ridge between the waters ot the ic and Pacific, and, descending upon the Zeiio river, a tributary of the great Colorado, follows the valJey of that stream and its confluent, the Little Colorado, to a point about four hundred miles west of the Rio Grande. The route diverges at that point; the one galled Walker's, and travelled by him iu ths spring of 1861, proceeds direct to the | Colorado, which it erosses immed ately below@he Great Caton. The other, dereribed by Mr Leroux, an old and intelligent mountaineer, crosses ihe Co- lorado at the mouth of the Mojuve river, and follows the valley of that stream to the settlements in Cali- | fornia, which are stated by him te be only six days journey from the great Colorade The only diffi- | culties along there routes, as [ understand, aro tae agcents aud descents, of two cr three hundred fest | each, to and from the mesar cr table lands, and.a | distance, in one or two instances, over them of sixty or seventy miles without water. Tnese thiugs are but trifling obstacles to a railroad, and, for wagon travel, eould be easily obviated, by some action of the government. ‘Theee three routes unite in the valley of the Mu- | Nevada and the coast range, trom the wert side From todos to San Diego © journey , alkerin thirty days, over a dis- tance of nearly seven hundred miles The routes can be mein travelled at all seasons 6 winter is preferred, i conse quence of the abundant supply of wat ford- | ed by the snows along the mountains. ‘ailies or cold weather, and the grass is of fair quality hs Set the year. Weod is vory abundant along | the whole route, in the vallies and siong the moun- tain ridges. The entire distance from Independencs fteen hundred milea—more than three Francisco, and threugh a region of mild and genial temperature. In an expcaition into the Navajo country, along thie route, from which I have just to lay aside all presoegessions or prejndises. and to | returned, I croreed the main chain of the Recky seloct no line of operations uatil after minute and curcful comparisons of thorongh explorations ef | every available route to California 6 | ef the ternint of the read, provided thoy be within | | our own territories, and t! jone ) Territory great big! and such a change in the sdministration of laws as | should make them, in feature years, hail the day With joy that raw thom delivered from the thrall of | bo fix the ve-oalled Republic of Mexivo These premises by the presevt adi the oisime of the helpless bantling whiok had been torn from the Mexican confederation, soon learned one not likely to pay ti velopement, alchough I think this will yet be foand to be » mistake No country could present the evidences of ite in- trinsie worth, persecated and soourged as thie has been, by its Indian neighbors; abused and misrepre- sentod by gentlemen travellers, who have started from th«ir homes with anightesp in one pocket and a bottle of cologne in the ether, aad whose spleen at the eon they have evesuntered, tributable to Diinded them to real worth and importanes of the country they bave passed through; fergov'en | the gencral government, as the simple fact that salaries of ite civil officers ars te this day uopid, (although guaravtied by the appyinting power, and due for taree or four yeors.) will ve without floeks and herds have been ran off by hostil mained unpwnished, and lost bopes of restitution; insuficieat appropri allowed for the ues of the territoria: government and the Indian department; the umneevssarily severe and illiberal constrection put upon the published ia- stracuons of Mr. Seeretary Conrad, by our proseat military commander, making the troops placed in this country wcterly ine ficient, although the cost to the general governmen’ hes inersased, owing to the | roinous low of took amd stores, decertions of men, ho.; the appeintments te the civil exeeusive offisos, made from grnt!owen from the Eastern States, who had to be pois for past political services remdered, witdeout regard to their fitness or the wishes of 1 poople they came ameng; an immense trast, bouring an important relation to the Oosanio limits of our im mense cowntry, and porressing the elem sats of proeperity within itsel?, aveurveysdand aexplered, white at (he same time ficers of the Topsgraph le core are liberally dispersed where they are feven lieutenants sod one lieatsuant- lone! wore actively employed im Toxas, while Mr. Bimpeon was alone tn New Mexico, vith vory in-ffi glen: inenns to carry oo the work assigaed to him 0 Pope, an intell'gent, spirited and enterprise fing officer, is aloe here now, and apparently wich red let preeiated, of which | not been carried ont, atleast | has yet mmistration, which, forgecfal of | abeelutely e upon it as» burdensome acqaisttion, and as | Pass, not one explorati Xpense of its care and de- | goverDment, kas ever ben pushed to | | own want of experience, has | £) | | | ! | tical relations with New Mexico in whioh we | | | Iie bande tied, ‘al purposes are oon | ; eorned, te Dike cipierslions’ betecla the Rio | ernment, as to render the prosperous continuance of | prevented to My, Meagher in « fer days — Boston Courter, | Hdered the keystone of onr foreign poligy. Frenoe | to be the view of the government, it b | ie da be of travel through racter of theeountry , , eupacity for settle- | ihood of supplying freight aud | are, in my Sudgment, matiors of sesondary ifmot of much lors importance, and oannet be pro- , duetive of any materia! advan or injui way of the world. ne only be taken into consideration by the government are, | the comparative dictances between the frontiers of the Western States and the Pacific osean, the ehar- avter of the eoustry traversed by the different | roa'es, a8 te ite practicability for the constraction of railreads which could be used at every season of the year, and the mieaps precented by each for sup- | plying the necessary fael and water. \ B comparieon wih these considerations, all other | matters whieh would be taken into account in | selecting roues of railroads for local purposes are | | of immeasurably emall consequence Believing sash w much the questi tated throughout the land, how little | been dooce toward farnishing information tial to any well advised considera. | en tion of the means to accompli exception of Fremont’s expedition through the Sousa » under the auspices of che | ht oe | 8 i 08, 10 The route of General Kearvy, from 1846, was simor tirely throug the Sonora, in Mexico; and from the South Pass to the | Boutbern frontier of New Mexico. not one expedi tion has ever yet penetrated Wertwad to the | ocean, The ragged and mountainous character of | the country along the route through the South Poss, the deep snows and severe cold of the wins which already have proved 0 fatal to the emi- | rant, and the very great distance to be travelled before reaching the settlements in California, of themselves present obstacles te this route almost insuperable, end would seem to point with oon- | vineing force to some route furiber to the South. | The climate of New Mexico is mild and genial, and | the country een be traversed at all seasons without the terrible hardshtps aud privacions which await the emigrant through ( outh Pass If, as is con- | fidently stated to be the ease, avrilable routes orn be found throngh this eountry to California, the objects of the geverament will be accomplished, not | | only in view of the contemplated raiiroad te the Pacific, but im the vastly increased anfety and com- | fort of the hordes of American euigrants to Calt- | fornia. With @ weil jed country midway on the | reute, where anim: nd stock can be recruited or replaced, and rupplies of previeions forthe road readily and economically obtained, and which ean be | traverred with equal facility at avy reason of tho | year, the eolitary and dengerowe jouraay to Oati- | fornia, which now frewne with saeh cheerlese aspect | upon the emigrant, would be a mater of little dif | fou'ty and ebaclutely of no danger. I pced not suggest to yor how greatly the poli- | are foand onreelves involved since the late war, wonld | be rie plified and improved by the eonstruction of a | thisemmatry We} hahited by ave ceqnired on extensive territ people ttrange in nome end ra maevers and eusious, and buri superstition soaroely to he cone pi by those who havetived among them. They are #6 on ire ly unacquainted wich the spirit ormatare ofoar inet tutions, bave been ro long accostemed to” rule of iron, and are ¢o far boneath the oapaeity for self gov- | the of Loe Arg Togged and more ehjestionavle on asooan. of 5: it; with the single | amd cold weather, the Central er Southern reates be found available. Couversutio: itwte of and ne oni | exemipaticn of the country to the north and eorsh | structions, | pueh (ime ae will bert compart with Kix own conven Mountains, passing ‘rom the waters flowing into the Gulf of Mexico to those discharging themssives into the Gulf of California | From the Ric Grande to the Pueblo of Zufio, on 2 | tributary of the Colorade, » discence of one nundred and fifty miles, there was absolately ne obs aclo to , any kizd of road; and as in this distance I eroaeed | the main divide betweem the waters of che Atlaatio and Parifie, where all the difficulty ought to bo ap- | prekended. it seems ineredible that from thence to good route eould be found. Caisen, Le ronx,and Hatsber, men celeb: among the guides | and mountaineers of the Wes fomtly assert that | an exoellent rond can be found along either of tae routes 2bore ine: liened, and assure me that they will, one or a ecompany any expioration which sete out with this view, aud pledge thomecives for ite mecerefal isewe They state that west of th Great Oolerade no obstacle wratever will be on- conntered in reaching any point of the Califern: | ecart, and seem quite confident that mothing seri- | ous will impede the constraction of » road between the Rio Grande snd that stream | £2 The third, or Northern route, leaves the Rio | ‘his route is 78 and is of little importaace should | of making er inclined to make a =e them. Tae ever yet travelled over the: Bhovld it be thought impertant, as I think it earnot fail to be, to make an exemination cf the country between this place and Cslifornis, I would respectfully smggest that instructions to that effest be made out duriog the coming winter, and for. warded to this cousiry, with the mecereary persons and menue, £8 8008 a8 practicable, in order that an expedition may ret out carly in the spring by one | route and re‘urn by the other during the suoseeding autumn and winter I weuld aJ+o advige, that aa large ® discretion as possible be allowed the explor- irg effiecr, for the parpose of making every dorirebio of the proposed line ef exploration per, commanding the depart himeelt in the examination of authorized me te say that he and meaus ef transportati part, the by Oop ef which no report has ie I understand, were explici direeted to the exploration of the Zufo river and of the Great Colorade, to its junction with the Gila. | He did not, therefore, eroes the Colorado, bat tura- | to the south after striking that stresm, and, | el learn from his guide, Mr Leroux. followed it for twenty days, to the mouth ef the Gila With the esraest hope ‘hat the attention of the government may be éarly teurced to matier #0 im Fortant, and particulariy to the people of New Mexieo, I remain, my doar sir, Porg | be able to | course with the members | mapt energies. | same view © nel | tached by the Britich governmont to their relations (Bigred.) Jse Hom J 8 Phelps, M 0, Warhington, D THom deen morted to invite this yoarg Oo. ae Frawcrs MRAgnen —A_ prop, Trick eral ‘ion has to visit Reston and «peek in padlie in ove of our barge hally, wt | V0. We understand that Hom Rufas Choate. Wayor Sex Alderman Ricn Commissioner Weodbary pre Sargent, Beq Of the “ Transcript” avd many other expectant citiene dave rigned @ leBter of invitation. whieh ix te be | to maintain an esteblie’ AMERICAN DIPLOMATS ABROAD. ul oaapemmecnemeaemaaame LETTER FROM MR. RIVES. Lecation oF rue Unirsp Sratms. ‘t Panis, November 7, 1850, Sin—In the situation in which I am here, I feel it my duty, with referenes te the —<_. of the public service, to present to you some tions of & practical ebaraeter, founded en my own experience, im regard tpthe present arrangements of our ciplomatic establi-hment. Tho total inadequacy ef the pay allowed to the Minieters of the United States at the two principal residerees in Eurepe ( and Paris) to meet the necessary Aud unavoidable oxpenses in their official position, is ® fuet which is, I believe, universally recogrised. But the injury which thence results to the interests of the country, in its various rola tions abroad. is a thing which is not so well under. stood, a6 indeed it can only be realised in its fall extent by those whe are placed in a position to see and feel it. The three items alone of house-rent, ef the mintihed eo, envio him Cxpentent ubez of the r here, 3 upon ja cor and his pri means fer the ordinary su’ hourebold service of his family ; and if to this be added the expense of pone Hot whieh toa greater of lesser exten; his ition renders una- voidable, the burden becomes insuppertable te any but a man of a very large private fortune, te which class few ef eur publie men in America belong, and to which it is certainly not the poliey of our p riticgeaa to confine the performance of high ‘usts. me Bocial intercourse” with the members of the dip'omatie corps, the government means of information pert expressly evjoined by the standing imsteuctions which an American minister receives when he leaves bis native shores; and yet hew is this intercourse be rage r “f — Ypres — his soif- rel it, or the of the eountry he represents, warts reci| ach a pooh time to time the civilitios and hospitalities that are offered to himin the form which the useges of society have established. Besides the valuable effect of these mutual courte sies in emoething the way for the transaction of move serious concerns, it is an undeniable fact in the present age of the world, that the eonsideratien of a government abroad, aud the degree to which it may press its opinion or advaseo its inter- este in the general conduet of intermational affairs, depends in bo emall degree on its rocial, as well as political representation im the great centres ef mo- derr civilisation, letters and commerce. Paris and w the great centres of our inter! ures politics of the world penees of an (ficial idence, aud the variety and extent of our relatis have immeasurably increased with the progres impertance of our couatry, sinee our present diplomatic arrangements tabliched, more than ‘a century ago. This of circumstances requires @ eorrespooding chan; the provision made fer the support of these missions, | if it be intended to maintain them upon a@ footing | of efficiency equel to their importance. Toe United States is the only country in the | world in which che same standard of support is ap- plied indiscriminately to ail its foreign mirsions of the same nominal grade, without regard to their re- lative importance or expensiveners. In England they have a graduated ‘cate of diplomatic ‘salaries, and for the mest part in the same rack of diploma- tic service, rarging frem £2,000 to £10,000, and ad- justed, accoréing to the testimony of Lord Palmer- aton, ‘* upon the combined eousiderations of the im- rtance of the mission and the expenses of resi- ence”? If our diplomatic establisiment was re- | formed upon the same prineiple, its aggregate cost to the nation ld probably be no greater, while the more important ns would be rendered doubly efficient by a adequate provision for their support. x The diplomatie reprerentstive of England here re- eeives an annual salary of £10 000, with a large fur- nished hotel, and an additional allowanee of £4000 te be expended in some other w: ef the incumbent. Without o minister of the United States tv have an ancual al- lowarce of oue-third. least, of that amount, to enable bim to mainta’ reciprocal social inter. the government and of the diplomatic corps, in tyle of manly aad be- comirg republican hospitality, equaily removed from ‘he weanneis of parsimony on the one hand and (he ostentatien of extravagance on the ether. The United States have now taken rank with the most powerful nations of the earth, and the just pride of the country requires tiat its equality should be reeognived by some of the more usasl ovtward and conventional signs of national ivflu- ence ard power, as well ag by its intrinsic and dor- Feeling how much its weigat absoud in ai] questions, whother of general or par- ticular in‘erest, weuld be increased by a greater re gard te there conriderations, I have been urged, by a cense of public duty, and an earnest desire to see the dignity acd character of the eountry suitably upheld in al) respeets, to bring this sudject to your notice, as one of pesmanent snd nationsl interest, apd im fall | actdapine that, if you should take the the question as I bave done, a mea sure of great and generally sckuowledged impor- tunee to the public vervice will, at last, receive ite consummation under the auspices of an enlightened and reepenrible recommendation that cannot fail to attract the attention due to it. I inelose herewith the examination of Lord Pal- meraton before » eommi red to above,) as con’ the system upon whic rmment is organized and ying in @ very striking aud er the views of one of the most aid ieweike ise the peony importenee at- with France, as being, te use the language of Lord Palmerston, ‘‘the keystone of their foreign poliey.” If good relations with France be of such vital in- | terest to England, it concerne us no ices, it would | teem, im view of the vicissitudes to which our rele- tions with other powers are more or less nesersarily exposed, to culiivate by am oon-tant exchange of kindly offices. the friendship of our ancient ally. I beve the henor to be, with great respect. your most obedient rervant, W © Rivas. Hon. Dawix, Westen, Secretary of State. TESTIMONY OF LORD PALMERSTON. (Ext In reply tos question frem the chairman of the committee, the witness gave the following list of diplomatic salaries allowed by the British govern- menti— oc] The ambaseador at Paris has £10,000; the ambas- tador at Vierna, £9,000, bat that will be reduced, of course, When it becomes # mission; the ambassa dor at Constantiaople hae £7,000; at St. Petors- burg. £6,000; a; Madrid, £6 000; at Berlin, £5,000; at Washington, £4,500; at Naples, £4 000; at Lia bow, £4 000; at Rio Janerio, £4,000; at tae Hague, £3.€00; at Brussels, £3,900; at Turin, £3, at Munich, £3.000; at Copenha; Ik. he £3,000; at Havovei 000; ac Framkfors, ; at Athens, £2,500; ia Wurtemberg, £2 000; x ; in Taseany. £2 000; in Swiczer- 8 = comes to that; iplomatic duties, in adai- tiem te their consular salary. * i (ea Mr. Cobden—The salary of eur ambassador in Franoe is considerably higher than that of any other umbassador It is soxcewhat higher. The ontfit upon the first appointmest is £4400. Then if au ambsesador is transferred to another post, oris re appointed within Recrvain peried, be roceives either twe thirds or one half; either £2,500 or £2,000, as the case may be U what ground is the very high salary of £10'000 a seis, eal 6 & Louse furniened, and an ovitiy ef £4 600, given to the ambassador at Paris? The salary was originally £12 000; it war reduoed ip 1881, fixet to £11,000 and thon to £10,000; and the grownd fer giving tbat high salary is, that the reriqence ery expenmve. The ‘rance is the country with which onr relations are the most im 4 in order to put those relations npom = in necessary that the roprosentative ore chould Jive in a way that invelves entation and of ho:pitabty; and h whe frequent Paris, aud who ex peot more or Jers te be tained by the ambas- wator, ie greater than im amy @ her continental The toute is not only the revidenos of the but it ix alve the offise, and the plave Li traws.ctious respeoting puseporte aro conducted, and & portion of it, thereiere, ia davuted te publie purpores; bas the expense of eorvants, and se if aod warmirg. fails upon bim for that part the bovse ap well ns for the other. Mr Elliee— Qo you think that it would be possible fox the embasi ador to live at Paris in the hotel now ovonpied by our minister at Parie, with the whole expense throw» upon bim of lighting and warming the whole eptablichment, as well as that part of it devoted t) the proper buriners of the embasey, upon wronch leew salary then £10,000 a yeart Not only my belief, but my knowledge ia, that that falory does ret pay his expenren end that no mao Nive in Pavia wi British suhaseador, living ax ho ding to thet £10,000 » yeR¥oon- wh pritate fortuce; | knew that Tranvills eprint & great deal more + Bilioe— De not you think it moro important pment of this hing ay Pare then in any other pert of Baroy 1 I think our relacions with Pranee may be con- ow, im order relations with a country, it is not Fitieles at it to hi living in a to ve & perion ss ebeooly oo Ke can ard! 'to exist, oseane the as social potition of your representative is very im- pertant clement in his power to be useful. Ia re- gerd to his intercourse with the ministers of the country, great facilities, and great means understanding are afforded by we eourse, which ean only possibly be obtained by his being able te receive them, as well alse edeed by them Agaim, it is of great impor- tance that your ambaseacor at Paris should be im habits of social intercourse with the public mem net in office, that he should have the means of receiving them, and becoming acquainted with their views, and explaining to them the views and policy of his own eountry. Therefore, I think that it isof great importance te this country that your representative at Paris should be in sach an sory. sition with regard to =r matnsty yo elye o ie to oe hy = persons ¢ is, and I may also say, - ferent nations in Paris. Besides which, as I have stated, the great number of English residents who are there expect a eertain amount of civility and horpitality on the part of the representative of their country. The house is one pesailenly wae adapted for the purpose ; it is a large house, in a good of Paris, but, at the same time, from its size it in- volves very large expenses in the doi arrange- ments for servants, and lighting and warming, and everybody knows that fuel in Paris is most inordi- dear. My opinion, therefore, distinctly is, hat any reduction of the salary of the ambassador at Paris, would diminish injuriously to the interests of this country his means of being useful asthe | em of England with regard to France. the official ineomee of the chief ministers of th government ef Louis Philipps ; for examp! uisot, when he was prime minister of Franoo ? I think be had £4,000 « year, with » house com- pletely furnished and provided with everytning. I remember the expression that was made use of to me some time ago, in talking of a member of ¢! overnment, was, that a French minister upon his rat appointment had only to walk into jotel with bis cook, and might give a dinne: the next day. Mr. Eilice—The plate, the linen, the furniture, the attendanco, the lighting and warming were paid for by the public? Everything ; #11 his expentes exeept his table. Can you inform the committee whut salaries any ef the ambarsadors of the other European powers have at Paris; for instance, the Ruseisn, the Prus- i sian, or tho Austrian ambassador? Foreign gevernments are not very fond of telling you what they allow; but I believe the French di- plomatists, before the late revolution, received very Mauch the same salaries at the different courts as our ministers und ambassadors did; and I believe that in importans places the Russians are paid much about the same. Are you at all aware what is the salary of the United States ambareador at Paris? No, I am not; the Usited State: ter here, 1 suppore, is paid about the name as the minister at of the United States minister im London is £2,000, with £2,000 for an outfit, and the result is, that unless tbe minister has a private foriuze of bis own, he eeldem stays mueh above two years, I might say, thet Ido not think that the practice of the United Srates, in regard to their diplomatic scale, is sppiicable to this gountry, or to avy other European country. The pesition of the United States renders their European diplomacy a er to them ofvery secondary importance. They arated from pe by the Atlantic; they have uo direet interest in most of the things that pass in Europe, and the chief thing that they want 18 information * . id %, ig Mr Bright—De you consider that the embassy to the United States is in some degree inferior in interest and in labor to these first class embassies in Europe? That question really means what is the relative importance of our relations with the United States ss compared with our relatiens with Franea, Austria, aud Russia I consder our relations with the United States as being among the most import- ant, no doubt. But you give to the United States minister $4 500 a year, which is $1,500 less than you give to the mirister in Spain, give at St Petersburg. and $5,000 a year less than you give at Paris. New, upon what principle is ¢ difference made ? The eslary is fixed upon s combined eonsidera- tion of the importance of the post, and what are eon: nacane the usual expenses of the atation. Cities, wi ar pit of monarchial ernments, Re- cervarily ten where living is more expensive than it is ashingtot ‘Then regard to the representation of this country wiih foreign states, are the conmittes te understand that the political is to be eensidered a: ® wore important element than the commercial ? No doubt. The primary duties of a minister are, political. Part of bie politieal duties consist in protecting our commercial rejations, in so far as those relations may be jeopardised by political events. Mr. Cobden—Do you think that if the salary of the ambssrador at Paris was redased to £5,000, in- stead ef £10,000, which would be mere than double jary which the Awerican minicter gots, English visitors would er likely to expect the costly borpitalities which they now receive; would they not, very likely, be as contented as they are new, if there were fewer parties given, and fewer invitations to dinner? No, I thivk not. I think they would recken our ambarendor a very stingy feliew, and would abuse bim all ever Europe. Si HE Oy Be LETTER FROM CHARLES B HADDOCK. Unitsp Srates Lee ation, Lisson, Deo 4, 1851. Brn—I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your despetch ofthe 4th ultimo, which came to hand on the 5th inst., and I hasten to reply by the fret mail My reeidence in this city has been quite too short le me to furnish the department with any preper information derived ‘To zy own experience upon the subject of the expense of living here. ‘The advice which I received frem consul, and ethers to whom I had Jetters ef introduction, and my own ignorance of the langnege and customs ef the place, determined me to take lodgings, instead of keeping house, fer the prevent; iv: |, 1 did not dare to run the rick ef attempting to live in any other way upon my income [| ascordingl: aged a evite of respectable npertments at @ private board- ing house, at the rate of three tuousard dollars a year, about three fourths ef the expense of lesscom: fertable rooms at the primeipsl English hotel in the city. For thie sum we have furnished rooms, fire, food, and washing ; For extra dinners or entertainments, or wine, if my habite require it, additional obarges are made. The price of a very rude carriage is from three to five dollars, according to the cumber of hours it is employed; much more necessary he: in which I have resided During the winter menths, the court is at Cintra, sixteen miles distant, and it is the practice of the diplomatic corps to follow and remain there till her majesty returns to torn To pereons who kee bource, this involves additioval expense, as rent is to he paid and furniture previded in both places As Fpecimens of incidental expenses, ii of couree, of being exactly euloulated, tion that J have paid out, in quite ebaritics and contributions, at the rate of three or four hundred dollars a year; and for expenses @> earioned by the sickness and desease of & member of my family, abou; two hundred dollars. The f.regoicg statement embraces all that I may be said pertonsily to know of the expenses incident to my residence in my efficial ty in Lisbon. Ithought it might afford additional satisfaction to the department, if Levuld also furnish you with the views of other gentlemen, long resident hero, well acquainted with eur former ministers and with most of the diplomatic corps, and known egies or in their cfficisl capacities at Washington. therefore addressed notes ofinquiry to J. Martin, Frq., oontuler agent, H Hutohens, Eaq , vice- cor and A. T Dopnet, of the house of Hatchens & and for some timo acting chargé #’affaires of the United States at this court, and have the honor to incloee their several replies thas in any other place Theg leave also to refer the department to the | kins, one of my most f ibe Hon Mr He derpateh of the Hon Mr “lated Daly 25, @einguished and able predecessors, 1¢49, snd numbered 24 In the opinions expresse in that commaniestion, and deriving very at weight from the intelligense and sound jadgmont of the writer, 8 well 2s from his experience here, I fully concur, LETTER FROM J. E. MARTIN i CoxsuLare or The Upiren States or Amwmnica Lisnon, ange rt ie fe fia— Ip reply to your mquiry, rele wmovnt likely to be expended snneelly by the re prereniative or diplomatio ag + of i oe eicment at this court, I have te i, re ‘ @ tL lowing, which in derived, partly from information collected from otberr, and partly from my he per rovnl experience, after ® residence in this city of epwarde of twenty ears 1 moet remark rbat aoa shen de fies 7 ‘a being single or marries; the Ren eae eis movie’. and “hat be hes hig I must therefore agemme the ront family with biro of a howe sed on the average rent actually paid by ng preeent resioing in Lisbon, repre- foreign governments using, and everything ppertaining to the Bright—Can you inform the Committee what | and $1 500 a year less than you | and @ carriage, especially for ladies, is | fol | to be six hundred dollars, and this caloa- |) heul 4 wih dis free be § on ostentatious dis~ play, place the. amount for domestie ser- The Ge of maintaining a carriage, (which is sine Sm pauls ni per Laer te coonomicad than hiring an equipage,) would, at » low estimate, are Tendred esis mes anon je amount necessary to be ex; on articles. | of dress must, in a onto where ladies axe eomccrned, be considerable, because fashion is rather arbitrary, mlorly when » lady has to at court ay ife er daughter of the representative of another nation’; but still keeping in viewa cours er rate of expenditure, I should mentien the sum of $1,000 per annum, which would be ineressed aseord - ing te the number of ladies im the family. It must alzo be borne in mind that a tleman residing. here in a diplomatic capacity ie fata under centribu- if I may use the expression, for other and it wou'd not be to CH capelaiog tntkia wey at least five hundred aslione per annum Now, taking these sume oollestively, would. form a sum total of 5.800 per annum; eens mating the gross expenditures at, thet amouat, I have had duc regard te economy, and I have consi- dered that the gentleman whose case I have investi- gated being pe living, little more pal en Rio the: exce of ing te appear at same pave ee masner 43 he would live were heir his ewn country; but in any case where the govern- ment he represented expeeted him to hig own countrymen or forcigwers at dinner or ¢' parties, or te maintain o similar style of living er \diture to that of the higher class of society im this rye eh larger yearly sum than $5,800: would be re 0 defray the expenses. Thave the honer to be, with Ci i aoe sir, your very obedient servant, J. BE. Maar. Hon. Cuantes B. Happock. LETTER FROM WILLIAM B. KINNEY. Torin, Deo. 6, 1851. &rn:—I have the honor to ackaowledge the reeep~ tion of your despatch No 11, commanieating a reso- | lution of the Senate of the United **touch- | ing the expediency of a gradusted sonle of diplema- | tio salaries,” and requesting ‘a statement of the | bo ae incidental” to my efficial residenee at Tu- | _ As itis nid to be desirable that the information | should be specific ond accurate, in order that the de- i out may form ® sorrens opinion om the sabjeet, | Lam led to infer that it 1s its desire t0 have such a | Computation xs will enable it to form a just judg- | ment of what may be fairly regarded ag the average Of the wecescary expovars of ordinary families living | here im diplomatic relations, rather than those | which any individual tasie or oxpertense might show to ident to such an official reaidenes. I beg. jerefore, to kubmi. tne following satemens loweat estimate that I have been to make after carefn! inquiry, and e per ooserva~ tion and experiense in offivial aad private inter-- courre Rent of furnished apartments Carriage hire by the year. Ordisary hon ehold expenses, food, fuel | gervante’ wages, &u..... 2... eeeee eves 2,490 00 This estimate includ: nothing be gencraliy rega: dispe: beyond what must led as tho mos: necessary and in- expenses of a smal) family, no allowanes bein, le for clothing, medical artendance, the services of anccretary, er: avirees, the opera,or entertainmonts of exy sor:, waich are usually reck- oned ar incidents tothe diplomatic serviee in Eu- rope. Itis,in truth, mach below anything that T have found to be oonsivient with any system of living that has seemed co we to be praetionble, and is, I have rearon to believe, not more than one-half’ | of theameunt expended by either of the full Euro- pean missions hero Yot it is, perhi possible | SN = American family, proierise Halaly itsewa mestic coonomy. might brag its expenses within the estimate wakout diseredit. . | The rate of living here, ic may be remarked in | general, is probably at present higher than ia Paris or in either of the obief A‘lantic cities of the United Btates, ewing to an overflew of populations ooca- tioned by @ constant immigration from the 0; Italian States, and tho sugmen:ation of prices which increased demand. provailing preaperity, and | the renewal of court o:tersainments after a season of war, have introduced inte every sphere of life. Then the representatives of the United States are subject to higher rents than pormancat residents, or even tham the mip 8 of most other powers, in consequence of tho brief aad uncertain terms of | eae ern. s ave the homcr to sir. ve your obedient servant, = et Heim mts d - Hon Danisn Weusten, Bec. ef State. | | That which Alexander Dumas is te literature, Mr< , Dempster is to musio; and if eredit be attached to | the Frenchman (or untiring energy and displays Of | imagination, so, in like manner, is Mr. Dempster entitled to praise for embellishing poetry with the strains of music, each differing materially from the | other, but all partaking of beautiful and pleasing | airs. On the present occasion we have reecived from | Mr. Oliver Diteon, of Boston, than twelve of | Mr. Dempster’s preductions:—‘ Morning, Noon and | Night,” by Cbarles Swain; “ My Heart is Like a | Silent [Light,” by Disraeli; ‘Oh, Touch those “ | Thrilling Chords Again,” by Mrs. E. J. Bames;. | “| Were theu Like mein Love’s Low Fall,” by Sir Walter Scott; “The May @un Sheds an Amber: | Light,” by Bryant; “On, Heppy was the Gloamin,’”” | by Dr. Bethune; “I See Theo Sweetly Smile,” by | Dr. Bethune; “ Flow Down, Gold Rivulet,” by Al- | fred Tennyson; “Daylight is Brouking,” by Raesell | Smith; “ Twilight Dews ace Weeping,” by Rasseld | Smith; “The Maid ef Dee,” by the Rev. O. | Kingsley; ‘‘ The Imprisoned,” by Alfred Wheeler. We have also received from Messrs. Hall & Son, | of Broadway, two plessing pieces, by J. Gaspar Maeder, from his opera of the *‘ Peri,” mamely, the | song of ‘‘Come to the Forest,” by S. J. Barr; ‘Home of my Youth,” alse, by S. J. Burr. Mr. Weizell, of Brooklyn, has sent usa fine col- of polkas and waltzes, by Meyer, a selection ite dances, ard the seng ‘Distant Home,’” Api mausis, we wuss pry inike's the re- eeipt of a lithegrs phic porenas of Robert Heller—ex- ecuted by Mr. D’ Avigaon—emadiog in front of a Piano forte, on whieh ne oun efferd as mach gratifies- tier te tho cars of thoes who lssen to him, as he eam deosive the eyes of his audiesce when pasforming | bis ecabalistio wondera. Oar Govern lect, the | Hon Heratio Seymeur, bas been Iikaw: subject of w lithegrapb, hi @r Groben, aad the | Young Men's Democratic Union Club of this city have dedicated it to all wacir ¢emooratic brothren ia the Btate Asa sort of supplement to the Jate reports of the Verpment, comes ‘*A Review of the I pre of juperintendency. Economy, amd General Manage- | ment at the Springfield Armsry,”’ which has boom blished at Springfield, with ine design of direct- sh the attcntton of Veegreas to the many evils eom- | plained of im covneetion vith the military mamage- ment at that establishment, aud in the hope that the eld sivil régrme wisy bo revtored. Apropos to government matiers, we must ac- knowledge the reecips of the official “Mi from the President of tne United Staves te the two Houses of Congress, at tae commencement of the Thirty eecond (on, Pan 3” “The Odd-Fellow's Offeriog,” published by Mr. | Walker, of Falton street, is ene of the hands>most works we have received Tho elegant binding is an index ~ osha tga for it is a' combination of | taste ap wuty Ail Iriebmen will rejoice to lourn that the speeches | of Thomas F Mengbor, Brq . have been at length published by Mr. field Aoy commentary on | the elequence of the [rive orator and patriot is por feotly unnecoreary ‘The religious portion ef the community will also be plad to know that the Rev. Dr. Thalmers’ ‘Lives of the Fathers ef the Kasatern Deserts” has been | published by Mosers. Sudiier & Uo.; and Roman Jatholios will be equally pioaeed to learn that | Mesra Dunigan & Broveers have iseued two elegant | volumes called * Fiowers of Pioty,” andthe ‘*Man- uai of Catholic Piety,” tho lester of whieh is em- A | bellished with » colcred portrait of the Saviour on tho binding In addition to the foregoing publications, reecived from Mr Marth, of 374 Pearl American reprint of the oelebraied “Cottage on the Obff,” by Catharine G Ward; and from Messrs. Partridge & Britten, the Dee~mber number of the hb,” whieh is, ae uenal, replete with an on- and interowiing tairce!lany. Phinney & Oo, of Suffato, have sent us vountry Rambies in Hog!and, or, Journal of a Na- alist,” edited by Misa 3 F Oooper; aud Mr. An- | ‘of Philadelphin. has forwarded te us ‘* Miss | Lerlio’s Stories for Young Peo | these two works in sédrorind to | eevond te youth. for both of which the, | great amount of interesting and im oe have an Possess @ ve matter. | | Tue Iuportaxcr or « Date —No elestion for | Congrerrman was beld in Helton en soooant, as the Clin- Courant teye, of wm informality to the warrant, in | which the meeting was oslied for the ‘second Monday in | December next,” while the instrament iveslf was also da- ted in ber, thus making the election illegal untit | Dewempber, 3£63,