The New York Herald Newspaper, October 4, 1852, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. eee, S GORDON BERR It aa PROPBINTOR AND Eki tnnnenaplnenintiiye QETICR ¥. W. CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU 936 mene FEE Wismiv WRRLLD cry Saterday at 8X cone or $3 per the ‘$4 per an- any part of Great Britean snd $b be amy pai of he TNTARY CORRESEONDENCR, contoining ter. 0 SEE cule iitrally poud for” Son FoUnes Souter ERT UB. Subeription, oy selth 44; r NU NOTICE taken Qf gronvmees communications We de not return those rej JOB PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness, and ‘tisemente renewed every day. TERNS, cash in advance. Volw xvi AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. ROWERY THEATRS, Bowery.—Kaxxera—Den Frm- eewer:. ‘ke BROADWAY THEATRE, Broadway.—Jack Cava— Two Bornreasti es. NIBIO'S. Bar Mar BURTON'S THEATRE, Chambere streot.—-S PoR ScaAnvaL~Fxichtanep 10 Deatn. Broadway.—Faichraxep To Deark—La Ganoen. ou RATIONAL m—LA Fee Aux ek IN ALABAMA. WALLACK'S LYCEUM—Sexoon ror Scanvan—His hast Lece. METROPOLITAN AALL.—Mavawe Soxtac's Concent. EW YORK THEATRE. MYNBRVA ROOMS—Tue Pawonama OF Mexico, THEATRE, Chatham street.—Anorrre Peanies—Ropent Macatae— av¥ or Lyons —Txs Toopies, AMERICAN MUSEUM.—Amvsine PeAvORMANCDS IF Pus AvreRsoow ann Evenine. OURISTY'S OPERA DOURE, 472 Broadway.—Brutoriar MhasrRessy wy Ounisty's Minsrkene. WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wi Way.—Erwiorman Mixsraxrsy. WHITE'S VARIBTIES, 17 an¢ 18 Bowery.—Axvere Purron™ Mosloa) Hall, 444 Droad- New Vork, Monday, October 4, 1852, DOUBLE SHEET. Malls for Callfornis. WAE REDUCTION IN NEWS ATER POSTAGE—THE NEW YORK WEEKLY EERALD. ‘The steamship Georgia, for Aspinwall, will leave this pert to morrow afternoom. The mails for the Pacific will elose at one o'clock om that day. The Werery Herarp fer California will be published at ten o'clock in the morning ‘The newspaper mails by this steamer go out under the mew postage law. greatly reducing the rates, The New Youx Henan, double sheet, can now be sent to California by transient subscribers, by the prepayment af one cent per py and by the regular subscriber to the Dany Hrracp wt ihe rate of forty-six cents for three months, or half a cent rer doy, and the Werkiy Heracn at the rate of siz and @ half cents for three months, or half a cent per copy, to be Prepaid er not, at the option of the subscriber. ‘The old rate was six cents on each copy of the Hrratp. when prepaid, and twelve ceats when the postage was collected in California, The News. We present our readers this morning with a care- fally compiled summary of two weeks news from @alifornia, received yesterday by the steamer United States. In the letter of our California cor- respondent will be found an account of the loss of the steamship Pioneer, which was run on shore at St. Bimon’s Bay on the 16th of August, after ex- Pperiencing a severe gale on the night of the 15th, during which she sprung a leak, and was obliged to be beached to keep her from sinking. She was in- sared in Wall etreet for $250,000. She had a large pumber of passengers on board, all of whom were fortunately rescued, and had safely arrived at their destination, with the exception of those who died on board during the passage, a list of whom will be found in its proper place. The bills of mortality have somewhat increased in California; but this may be in part accounted for by the great influx of emigrants from all quarters, which is swelling the population im a degree unparalleled. Accounts from the mines are still favorable, no better evidence of which can be furnished than is presented in the fact tha: the steamer which left San Francisco on the first ult., had over two millions of dollars in gold dust on freight. Offences against the laws, it will be seen, still claim their proportionate amount of the intelli- gence, and will no doubt continue to do so until the agricultural interest.takes the place of,or is enabled to held in check, the unsettled and lawless population, which at present, toa great extent, inhabit the mining districts. That this will very shortly be the ease, does not admit of a reasonable doubt, for we see that the sturdy farmers are slowly, but surely, wending their way into the new State, and settling themselves upon its productive soil, where they will reap a reward commensurate with the enter- prise they have entered upon, By the arrival of the steamship Prometheus, yes- terday afternoon, we have been placed in possession of late and interesting intelligence from the differ- ent Central American States. The announcement of a revolution in Nicaragua turns out to have been Somewhat premature, although there was certainly good reason to suppose that such was the case—tho Marquis of Negrement de Burgh having actually driven the soldiery away from Leon, and frightened the magistrates of Granada almost out of their wits. It is stated that gold mines have been discovered in Costa Rica and the Mosquito territory, and, what is ef considerable importance, coal beds hare been found in various parts of the country. On reference to the letter of our Kingston cor- respondent, it will be seen that large sugar estates eontinue to be abandoned, for the want of hands to work them. Indeed, the social and political con- dition of the country is such that the more influ- ential inbabitants are beginning to cry out against the unfortunate policy of the home government, and are openly discussing the feasibility of annexation to this couutry. We elsewhere publish several columns of addi- tional Buropean intelligence, a large portion of which—particularly that with regard to the produc- tiveness of the Australian mines—is very interesting. The letter of our London correspondent is also well worthy of perusal. But little political information was received by telegraph yesterday. A large whig meeting is re- Ported to have been held at Ellicott’s Mills, Md., on Saturday, on which occasion speeches were made by some of the most influential members of the party. How happens it that the report of every meeting, mo matter of what party, almost invaristly pro- mounces it ‘‘ large andenthusiastic ’ affair! The whigs of Alexandria are understood to have made extensive preparations for a mass meeting to-night. The Southern rights party of Georgia have ratified the nemination of ex-Governors Troupand Quitman, and appointed Presidential Electors. The democrats of Albany county made their nominations last Sat- The despatch from Philadelphia is of rather @ serious character. The firemen of that city had several more fights last Saturday night, in the course of which one man was severely, perhaps fatally, stabbed; and snother was shot. During the same night a stranger was run over and almost cut in twoon the Columbia railroad. The same brief despatch likewise states that two men were killed in the Blockley Alms House on Wednes- dey, by the administration of the wrong medicine by one of the nurses. The office of Military Store-keeper at Philedel- phia, which had been the cause of xo little com- motion among the small politicians for several days, har at last been given to Mr. A. MeNerninee. Judge Mitchell delivered g oumbey of decisions on and all will be read by tho lega! profession with much interest. As usual, our inside pages, besides » large num. ber of busines, adveriiseme.ts, contain many columns of realing matter, to which we have no room to #; ecisll, refer. The annexed are the heads of some o! the most ioteresting :—TLe Whig Meet- ing at Newark 1 Sa ur’ay evening ; resentation of Plate to Cap!. H ggins, of the Ste-mship Hor- mann ; Poliee Intelligenee, apnouteing a probable extensive defaleation or embezzlement, &e. The Literary Amenitles of Soctallsm—Gree= te) ac @ Doheny upon Dem If the high!) polished style of newsp»per-v riting, adopted by the organ of Sewardism, abolitionism, socialism, ond blackguardiem, in this city, were, in any foreign countries where it might chance to penetrate, regarded as a true criterion where- by to estimate the condition of journalism in this country, the reputation of the American pross would by no means te thereby much benefitted or flattered. Hv, however, the pub!'¢ have become so inured to the scurrilous and abusive language with which the <diforial columns of ihe Tribune axe constaxJy begemmed, that it now fails to cause any surprise, but haa acquired such noto- riety that when all other vocabu'aries ef abuse are exhausted, pnd fail to supp!y sufliciently strong ex- pletives for thos: persons who Jeal in such stuff, they have only to turn to t'o classic sentences of the <jomite” to find wa they want., * You lie, vil- lain, you lie,” is one of the ordinary, everyday po- lite expres ion use! by that journal; and its seur rility towards th» future President of the United States—General Pierse—ieviling him a3 a coward, drunkard, bigot, p)itroon ond nincompoop—is in strict and beautiful keeping with its matural charac. teristies and tendencies. How highly honored is the mighty press of thie great country, ‘nm comprising among its journals this representative of Fourr cris » and Billingsgate- ism ! The fish women of the latter ilk, 80 celebrated for their purity and delicacy of expression, would doubtless bestow upon this philosophic editor the highest diplomas of their college, if they only knew what superior qualifications in the'r polite science he possesses. His Jast exhibition of this order of talent was made in Saturday’s Trebuxe, in which he stigmatizes a quondam associate and protegé of his, who happens to have adopted the opposite school of politics, as ‘a scoundrel,” ‘‘a villain” and *‘a for- ger.’ Mr. Doheny, the gentleman who has been honor- ed with these flattering appellatives, will doubtless prize and appreciate them as the best certificates of character with which he could bave been furaished from that quarter. We, therefore, select and pre- sent to him, and to the public, those strong, spicy, pungent sentences which are more peculiarly cre- ditable to him. Talking of a paragraph of Mr. D.’s speech, at some “emocratic meeting, the philo- sopber says, curtly, but forcibly— ‘We wake no terms, ard desire no accommodation. Kither Mr. Doheny misrepresents like a seouadrel, or we do. The reader wil! judge between ua, Here the philosopher submits the issue to the pub- lic whether he or the accused Mr. Doheny is the greater scoundrel. He puts himself vpon the coun- try, 2s the lawyers say, and appeals to the jadgmont seat of public opinion fora decision upon this im- portant though not very difficult point. The jury are therefore to we'gh all the evidence affecting the character of the two litigants, which have been placed before [them, legally or extra-judicially, for the last ten years; and having heard the summing up oneach side, weigh the value of the testimony. And taking into consideration the antecedents of the parties, we think they will not h@ve much difficulty in arriving at a safe and proper verdict. The phi- losoper has, during the peried of his public exis- tence, been, time and again, arraigned for divers offences committed against politeness, Christianity, consistency, decency, and common sense, from none of which charges was he ever ab’e toexculpate him- self; while, on the other hand, Mr. Doheny is anew man in this county, and his character has been hitherto unimpeached, except so far, indeed, as it might be tarnished by atemporary association with his prosecutor. The caze is now fairly given over to the jury; and though Mr. Greeley calls for a ver- dict in his favor, we are rather inclined to believe that he will be d'sappointed, and that the unan‘- mous decision of the jury will be, with respect to Mr. Doheny, not guilty. And again, in reference to another branch of the same speech we find the following characteristic sentence: — This may be en adroit way to win votes—it may be the best argument the case admits of—but if it be vot essen- tially villamous, we know not what eould be. Now, it may be a legitimate subject for the deliberation of the jury whether there does not exist in the philosopher’s mental vision such an obtuseness as prevents him becoming aware of the unmistakeable evidences of * villany,” which to all eyes but his own are patent and palpable in his system, while at the same time it enables him to detect and magnify the mote-like vestiges of it which may probably be traced in that of Mr Doheny or any other man. The jury will hardly be of the same opinion as the philosopher, that the mere fact of combating, by history, argument, and logic, the erroneous views put forth by that dis- tinguished personage in his famous tract of ‘‘ Why I am a Whig,” constitutes such an offence as right- fully comes under the denomination of “ essentiaily villanous.” On this point, therefore, we rather fear the verdics will be unfavorable to Mr. Greeley. And still again, on the subject of some comments made by Deheny on Gen. Scott’s naturalization principles, the speaker’s character is for ever estab- lished by this very brief and polite inuendo— How mueh this fall short of forgery, others will say. Of course *‘ this man of isms” uses the term “ forgery” here in a metaphorical sense. He does not mean to convey by it the idea of such a crime as, by the laws of the State, w uld consign its por- petrator to an involuntary residence in Sing Sing, but merely the offence of giving a false color and complexion to facts and arguments, the penalty for which would beexclusion from respectable society. We fear, however, that in this third count of the irs dictment the prosecutor must also fail, and that as between Greeley and Doheny, the verdict of “ guilty of literary forgery” will not be recorded exactly according to the desires—howover it may be to the deserts—of the complainant. The jury he appeals to, having before them evidence of forgeries com- mitted in relation to the battle of Slievegammon antislavery meetings in the South, the de famation of private character of Geno- Pierce, and a whole mass of such Slieve- gamm committed from time to time, may feel constrained, from this overwhelming weight of evidence, to fasten the crime of literary forgery on other shoulders in this cause than those of Mr. Doheny. The whole indictment is now pro- sented fairly and impartially to the public, who are to decide between the hero and historian of Slieve- gammon ; and to our understanding it is a case in which they may arrive at a safe conclusion without the judicial advice of any of our courts or benches, or without consulting the spiri's through the medium of Judge Edmonde. We will conclude with the simple remark, that, when we read such scurrility as we have pre- sented in these excerpts, such as ‘ scoundrel,” “ vil- lain,” “ forger,” applied te a gentleman of good character, who happens to differ in opinion with the special organ of Gen. Scott, we ceaso to wonder that the old hero should sometimes for- get bie good manners—which, as the trite old maxim says, are fo easily corrupted by evil Communications--and come out in the seme line ra | of branding as liare such persons as may have said anything divpleasing to tis eeliogs Whon he benceforih i-dulges in this gentlemanly mode of annihilath g bis antag nists by the “ you lie,” we Will recollect that he «nly «uotes the language of his politics! supporters, and we will bo accordingly Jonions wag woer0ifal to his icfirsnitigs. Seieaiemstene of which are of public importance, @unmnat Woor arp Gergana. Scorr mm Tas West | be eoncentrated in the hands of the clergy. Are A Sraiine Conrras?.—The journey of General | Scott and General Wool, under the provisions of an | act of Congress, and the directions of the executive to proceed to the West on official business, and vo | select a site fora military asylum, has presented | some remarkable contrasts and features, which ought to be noticed beyond the ordinary run of such events. Upto the latest telegraphio report, General Scott, it seoms, has avail ed himself of this official tour, in search of a site for a military asy- lum, to look about and see if he could not mark out & now path as direct as possible to a certain white house on the banks of the Potomac. In making this of three or foura day. In these orations he has surpassed all that Barnum ever attempted, in blar- ney. The venerable hero, in these peregrinations in search of an asylum, either military or political, | has puffed the men and the horses—puffed the | whigs and the democrats — puffed tho froe- | soilers and the no-soilers—flattered the @@ womea and the young women, and praised the “little boys and the little girls, besides kissing a8 many of them as he could reach, according to all the most autheatio accounts. But not satisfied with all this, he has even puffed the cattle, including hogs, sheep and goats, thongh we cannot see that he has said anything at all about niggers or dogs. These seom to have been excluded from his regard, and are left to get through the world without any particular certificate of char- acter or reputation from Gen. Scott. Some of the whig papers call these speeches models of eloquence 5 and they certainly are models, in their kind—far Le- youd anything that Demosthenes, or Cicoro, or Pitt,or Clay, ever gave tothe world. In fact we rather think that Gen. Scott has been authorized and permitted by the wicked democratic committee at Washington to go upon this electioncering tour, and that Truman Smith and his associates, who have been managing the whig campaign, must have disappeared from the face of the earth, without loaving any greaso spot behind. Seriously and truly, however, those extraordinary speeches of Gen. Scott, with the equally extraordi nary topics and points they embrace, present tho most remarkable features tha! ever distinguished any political contest in this country. The contrast presented to the Commander-in-Chief of the Ameri. can army by the conduct of other officers who have been travelling in several parts of the country— such as Gen. Wool, engaged in the same reconnais sance, or Gen. Harney visiting this metropolis—is most remarkable and instructive. Gon. Wool in the West, and Gen. Harney in the North, have bsen both invited by their political friends to partake of banquets and receive attentions, but both, with great dignity and propriety, declincd doing so. It these military gentlemen had even accopted the civilities offered thom there would have beon no harm in it, and no impropriety in their friends ministering to their popularity. No unworthy «yr improper motives could be imputed to the military gentlemen in question, because they are candidates for no office, and ambitious of no distinction other (han that which they have already attained. Dut General Scott is placed in a different category, being the candidate for the Presidency, put forward by « powerful, wealthy, and ambitious party. In sacha position, delicacy, propriety, and that avoidance of ostentation which mark the true hero, ought to have characterized his conduct throughout his journey to- wards tho West. It is much to be feared that the effect of these strange speeches, and singular touche: of oratory, will come back upoa him with fearfal free, before the middle of next November. Tue Gueat Mernopist Cask—A Crniovs Ds VELOPEMENT —It appears, from the report of the United States Commissioner to whom wasaeferred the Methodist Episcopal Church case, to ascertain snd report the value of the funds and property in the Book Concern at New York, before tho divisiou ofthe church into North and South, that, on the first of January, 1852, the aggregate value of the property amounted to $608,413 545. The annual profits of the establishment, since the year 1515, will appear from the following table.— Aynvat Prorits rom 1845 Down ro ler Janvanr, 1852 For the year 1845 to January 1, 3846 . jo 4 ‘ 1846 5 184 28 452 80 1847 28.900 76 1848 1849 1860 1851 Here, then, is a profit of more than a quarter of a million of dollars, realized in seven years, from a Methodist book establishment. The Northern wing and the Southern wing, quarrelled about the spoils; and both having appealed to a court of justice, the facts and figures of this enormous gain come out to enlighten the public as to the art of acquiring wealth by a profession of godliness. This lesson upon the shortest way of growing rich, is highly edifying. We had supposed that Methodist minis- ters heretofore taught, according to Saint Paul, ibat “the love of money is the root of all evil,” and that ‘ godliness, with contentment, is great gain.” The apostle speaks, in the same connection, of ** perverse disputings of mon of corrupt minds and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness.” But now we perceive that the old fashioned doctrine of Saint Panl is exploded, and that the great object of the Methodist church, North and South, is to get money. ‘The mam- mon of unrighteousness,” that is so much cried down in the pulpit, is greedily sought after; and the sin- cerity of the preaching against it is beautifully exemplified, firet in the accumulation of so much of that “filthy lucre,” against which bishops or pastors are warned, beth by Peter and Paul; and secondly, in wrangling about the plunder after ! they have got it. The saints of the olden time had neither silver nor gold, and sometimes neither food nor raiment; but now, the modern saints, who claim to be their successors, live upon the fat of the land. Itis no wonder that ordinary mortals should worship ‘* the almighty dollar,” when such an ex ample is set them by those so distinguished for their piety. But we suppose it is all right. ‘Tis the temptation of the devil Pet ineeny Seinen tiny . The ‘pint. tauinoertty, Jj Which other men are tempted to. And at the devil’s instance do; And yet the actions be contrary, Just ae the saints and wicked vary. But, looking at the matter in another point of view—in the way of business—we ask, is it fair or juston the part of this money-making religions corporation to interfere with legitimate trade? Is it not better for ‘the cobbler to stick to his last,” and the tailor to hi. thimble and goose, and leave | the printer to his type, while the ministers and | bishops engage in the appropriate work of saving | souls? The Methodists, under the leadership of the pious John Wesley, seceded from the Church of Eng- land because it was too wealthy and too worldly; and now the same sect are rivaling that church in the acquisition and possession of “the root of all evil.” Not only is this Methodist concern a book establishment, but it publishes newspapers, and thus interferes with ano- ther branch of the printing trade. The next thing, | we suppose, we shall hear of, is their embarking in thipbuilding, or steamboat and railway enterprisos. We cannot see why they might not as well get up a bank also, in which they could take some lessons from Moses Y. Beach, of the old Plainfi or Tom McElrath, of the new Nassau Bank. If this principle be admitted, thero is no limit to the trades and speculations to which it may be applied. And if it is right in the case of the Methodist ministers, there can be no st its extension to every other sect; and thus all trade and wealth and property would soon we living upon American soil, or is Christianity, after its emancipation, at the Reformation, again ro- lepeing into the corruption 9f the dark agent | cannot get up the steam, by any ingenuity. Gen. from whom they derive their power and position. ; | and minority report, and is destined, doubtless, to | be the question of the Broadway and other railroads, | the table being literally loaded with petitions and | Hor. Joun M. Borrs on rae Sromr.—Wo pub- lish a very curious and very silly stump speech of Jobn M. Botts, delivered at Newark on Saturday | evening, in which he makes General Scott the statesman in the country, the greatest con- stitutional lawyer, the greatest scholar, and, in fact, a perfect “walking dictlonary;” and he proves | him to be ail this, and something more, by his suc- cess inthe Mexican war. This species of logic is just such a8 we might expect from the ealibre of horse jockey. But it is worthy of note that, with all his efforts, Mr. Botts was not able to elicit one spark of enthu- siasm. Nothing is more remarkable in this po iti- al campaign than that the orators on either sido eral Cass took off his coat—everything but his breeches—in Tammany Hall. And John M. Botts almost let his breeches down in his vindication of General Seott and whig principles; but it would not do. Tho Virginia demagogue labored hard to work the audience into an excitement, but it was like | whipping and spurring a sullen ass, determined not | toudvance an inch. It reminds one of the song | which is a part of the same elevated style as the { campaign songs of the present electio: If I had a donkey what wouldn't go, Do you think I'd wollop him ! Oh, no, no. Mr. Botts informs us that there are three classes of democratic papers-—the very respectable, the tol- erably respectable, and:tit@ée who have no respect at all. Could he not have classed the whig papers, and especially the whig orators, in the same way! A few of the orators, like Governor Hunt, might be placed in the first class, a considerable number in the second class, but the great majority, like Gresley and Botts, in the third class—‘‘having no respect at all.” we one of these demagogues is at this moment p g to the satisfaction of the free soilers of tho Western Reserve of Ohio, that General Scott is an abolitionist—a man after their own hearts—the other, in New Jersey, endeavors to prove, to mer‘of a different way of thinking, that General Scott is the warm advocate of those compro- wisé'measures that Greeley and his newspaper have ever ceased to denounce since the first moment they were adopted by Corfgress, and that the General is moreover, & firm believer in the national whig plat form which Greeley so often “ execrates and spits upon.” Thus, while one stump orator makes (en. Scott blow hot, another makes him blow cold, and the best of the joke is that the orators are so stupid that they imagine that the free seilers will not see the portrait drawn of him which makes him a de- cided friend of the Fugitive Slave law, and that tho Southern people, and the patriotic Union men of the South, will not see the other picture, which ex- hibits him as a froe soiler under the rose. If we are to believe the whig orators, General Scott must have two faces, like Janus—one looking each way. Isthis tho ease? or, if not, which of the two faces are we to recognise as the true one? Between these orators, General Scott may well ex- claim, “Save me from my friends.” They arg completely using h'm up, and cutting off whatever small chance of success he had in this campaign— which is of a very different kind from that he fought in Mexico. Politics and statesmanship are not mi- litary tactics: and to gecure the votes ef tho civil- ized, sagacious, thinking people of the United States, and to administer a government in which public opinion, and not force of arms, prevails, re- quires totally different qualifications than those of a military chieftain, who, with valiant troops, can beat semi-savages, and keep them in subjection and order by the power of martial law. Pouirican CaLcvLations.—- Our contempora- ry of the Zimes newspaper, in this city, makes a terrible effort to pass jokes on the political caleulations which we recently gave on the pro- sent contest for the Presidency. Jokes are not very fitting replies to arithmetic: and it would argue a little more common sense in that quarter, if they were to show, from the results of past elec: tions, up to the present time, that the predictions which we made, as to the issue next November, are either exaggerated or incorrect. The general result, which we endeavored to draw from those tabular calculations and estimates was, that General Scott, in the present combinations and multiplications of partice, had no probable chance of being elected, and that ihose chances, looking at the state of poli- ties in the country. in every point of view, were altogether in favor of Pierce. We also showed that, during the history of the last thirty years, mere personal or military popularity had less influence over the various elections of the past, than other deeyly seated commersial, sosial, financial, and po- litical causes. Can our contemporary, in the abun- dance of its wit, and the multitude of its silly | efforts at joking, contravene the history of the past, in all those essential elements of political results? Would it not be mueb more appropriate, ina jour- nal wishing to give its readers correct notions, to investigate the long array of political facts which wo have published, and to attempt some rational political theory, springing from a correct considera- tion of them ! Tse New Bisnor.—The Episcopal Convention have, after considerable dodging, elected Dr. Wain- wright as the Provisional Bishop of the diocess, to perform the duties of that oflice during the inability of Bishop Onderdonk to net, who was suspended some time ago forcertain charges. We congratulate the clergy and laity on their seloction. The body of the clergy, comprising the Puseyite and High Church party, were formerly opposed to this election, but the laity of the diocess were strongly in faver of it, for the latter know Dr. Wainwright to be a man eminently qualified to fill the position of Provisional Bishop. Dr. Wainwright 1s an in- teliigent, high-minded, liberal, and accomplished perton, and utterly opposed to the fanaticism, bigo- try and cant, which unfortumately prevail to so great an extent among certain sects of the present day, and we believe he will discharge tho duties of his office with zeal and ability. We re- joice to see that the laity of this diocess have in this instance acted with so much determination, and we trust it will operate as a warning to the Episcopal priesthood, and teach them the lesson which they seem to have forgottes, that they must yield to the voice and wishes of the people Tus Common Covnots..—Both boanls re-assem- | ble this evening for the October session. In the Boasd of Aldermen the matter of the Nineteenth | werd election iss special order for the first night, | having been postponed till then from last month. The question has been shelved, from time to time, ever since the committee made a majority | the same fate; or if passed upon it will be a mere division of the two politica! parties, the dominant one holding their own. Alderman Doherty, the holder of the contested seat, always appears to onjoy the joke amazingly whenever the subject is intro- duced. It is most probable that the special committee on the question of the Tenth avenue sewer will make their report. We have before stated out views of | the evidence in this case. The principal feature, however, of the term, will remonstrances on the sul ject. Democratic Demonstration Tis EvENING.— This evening there is to be a democratic demonstra- tion in the Park—a torch light procession, and ad- dresses to bo delivered by several epeakers, among whom the most distinguished is Mr. Soulé, U. 8. Senator for Louisiana. He is a man of avery dilfer- ent calibre from such orators as Botts, and there is very little danger that his taste will ran’in so dirty a channel as to imitate their example. Whatever, therefore, may be the nature or merit of his argu- ments, there is every reason to expect that they will be presented in a manner worthy of an educated jaad, © BaD of talent, and » gentleman. | legal intellig Tas FranciaL Asrscrs or THs Counrry.—One of our Wall street journals gots into a fright at the threatening appearance of @ surplus revenue, accu- mulating to twonty millions of dollars by Decem- ber next. It states that there are in the vaults of the Custom House in Wall street, at this moment, nearly seven and a half millions in gold and silver— the largest amount ever in the hands of the govern- ment atone time. The threatening prospect of a surplus revenue, and the vast accumulation of gold and silver in the vaults of the government deposi. tory, spring, of course, from the prodigious foreign importations which have been taking place during the last year, up to this date. It is further truly said that we are buying, beyond all former time, from Europe, silks, velvets, ribbons, &e , and pay- ing for them in California gold, railroad bonds, State bonds, city bonds, county bonds, and bonds of all kinds. The causesof this state of fucts are not examised by our cotemporary. He proposes, however, some remedy for the vast accumulation of gold and silver in the government vaults, caused by the prodigious importations from foreign countries. This remedy is suggested to be the abolition of all taxes on a variety of articles, by the enlargement of tho free | lists of importations. In other words, some change in the tariff is suggested, either in the abolition of a variety of duties, or euch an increaso of other duties as weuld amount to a virtual prohibition. The description given by our cotemporary of the financial condition of the government is correct. The remedy which is proposed springs from ignora and a want of knowledge of those remarkad) eauses which have been producing tho disturbances in the foreign trade, and the prodigious ineronse in importations. A mere tariff, of either high or low duties, affects but to @ very small extent the foreign importations into this country. The condition of the paper currency within our own country is more at the bottom of those disturbances in tho foreign trade than any law which can be passed by Congress! During the last forty yoars, it can be shown by figures—which generally tell the trath—that when- over there is an inflation in the currency, a redun- dancy in paper money, or paper credits of any kind, there will always be a proportional redundancy io the foreign importations of all beautiful and high- priced manufactured goods. Loek over our com: mercial history for the last thirty years, and you will find the facts on record. The first inflation in the currency of this country, took place between 1812 and 1817. The con sequence was. necessarily, under any state of tho tariff, 2 redundancy of importations, and a revulsion between the years 1814 and 1817, when the balances had accumulated against this country, and a de, mand had been made for specie. All tho banks then suspended payment ; and from the consequen- ces of this blow upon commercial interests, the country only gradually recovered after the rechar- tering of the National Bank, which commenced operations in the latter part of 1816. Tho vast in- erease of imports which took place in this country between 1830 and 1837, was also produced in a great degree by the redundancy in the paper system, and the vast multiplication of banks, bonds, and credits of all kinds. That multiplication of crodits, en abled every one to purchase all the luxuries of foreign manufactures, and increased the balanecs against the country ; and when these balances were demanded, the banks in New York suspended payment in 1857, and the wholo credit system of the country fell to the ground. We are entering on a similar crisis at the present day. Thesymptoms at this time resemble those whieh produced the revulsion of 1817, and the still more terrible revulsion of 1837. It is the multipli- cation of credits of all doscriptions—banks, paper monoy, bonds of every kind-- which produces these vast importations; and any tariff, high or low, mode- rate or nething whatever, has very little to do with the movementsin the foreign trade. Thore never was a time when the credit system was extending so ra- pidly as it is at this moment. Every one is estab- lishing a bank, every State issues its railroad bonds, every county floods Wall street with its certificates ; money of all kinds was never so plenty ; extrava- gance is increasing, railroads are building, houses and palaces erecting, and the whole country is going ahead under the pressure of a multiplicity of credit ayetems, strengthened and encouraged by the im- portation of two or three millions of gold dust from California every fortnight. As long as the importa- tions of gold from California can pay the balances to the foreign merchants in Wall street, our mighty cre- dit system will go ahcad with great and increasing rapidity. Dut paper and credits can be multiplied faster than gold can be dug out of Califernia or Australia. The period of revulsion must come as certainly as that the night follows the day, or that the equinoctial storm will terminate the summer. The unregulated credit system seems te be ‘the natural principle upon which this country goes ahead. No law, national or State, can reach it. If the capitalists of Wall street or Hurope cash the bonds of every city end town and county in the Union, no one can prevent them doing so. Our credit system, our bavking system, our commercial system, is a wild, unregulated system, and must always run in circles of repose, expansion, specula- tion, revulsion, in periods of fifteen or twenty-five ears’ continuance. Congress cannot check it. Jommon sense is set aside. Its advantages are great in developing rapidly this country in all its mighty resources and characteristics. its disadvan- tages merely affect the speculators of the day, by making the man whe supposes himself at one mo- ment the poseessor of immense wealth, find himself ban rapt and Mette at the end of the chapter. ‘This is the natura! and inevitable termination to the inflated and baseless system of unrogulated credit which now prevails in this metropolis and country. The only question is, the time at which the impend- ing blow may fall. Stand from under in time. October Term of the Law Courts, The dullness which pervaded the City Hall for the past few months, will now be succeeded by the clatter of clients and the stentorian eloquence of lawyers. Compa- ratively little legal businéss has been transacted here for some time, with the exception ofa few trials in one or two of the courts, and various decisions by several of the judges, This being the first Monday in the month, active work will be commenced; but though there are many cases on the calendars which have attracted much pub- ic attention, we cannot say that they will be reached be- fore November or December. The United States Circuit and District Courts will not have any very important tials before that pericodperhaps not till January, when the several parties charged with causing, by negligence, the Henry Clay and Reindeer disasters, will be arraigned and tried for manslaughter. The Supreme Court Gene- ral Term will cocupy the three judges in hearing motions and arguments, except on Saturdays, when they will hold special terme; ond therefore, until after the election of the new judge, ordered by a recent act of the Legislature there | will be no justice to hold the circuit, though there are | about fourteen hendved causes on that calendar undis- | posed of. In the Superior Court, the case of Willis va, Forrest 18 on the special term calendar for argument on motion for a new trial ; the celebrated secret correspond: ence and confidential letter case—8mith Coddington and wife against James Watson Webb—which created so much curiosity, is in a fair way of being heard ; and that of Bulkeley vs, Keteltas, tried onee before, for malicious prosecution. is again on the ealendar-a new trial haying been ordered by the Court of Appeals, In the Common Pleas there were over two thousand two hundred cates on the calendar at the commencement of the year, more than fifteen hundred of which have Leen disposed of, leav- iDg a balance of about reven hundred causes for trial. | Altogether, there will be plenty of work for judges, juries, lawyers, and reporters, and an abundance of interesting snee for the community at large. The Cowrt of General Sessions will also meet for the October term, the Recorder presiding, and the Aldermen in rotation belag Messrs, Sturtevant and Oakley, of the Third and Pourth wards. This term is always a bury one, and may be considered av the commencement of the legal year. In the criminal courts it i» not usual to try bail casos during the vaca. tion or sammer months, and the consequence is, of course, a large accumulation, to be sed of In the October term The prison calendar. we understand, is not unusually large But contains some serious cha ; but wo were unable to obtain the particulars lest evening ‘A vast nomber of indictments have been fonnd against all ‘@lsorderly houree, and {t is anticipated that seve- ral the aacted partion will be brought to triel. They ave nearly all given ball. Lite. ary News. Mr. Seward is beginning already to prepare for his ow grand race for the Presidency. With the more sagaclous members of his party generally, be foresees the defeat of General Scott, and perhaps is indifferent in segard to it. There was no chance for himself in the present ¢on- test, and to kill off the most conspicuous of his zivals at this time, was, it may be, one of those “ strokesof subtle policy,’ of which he is frequently declared te ke so capable. However this may be, he is quietly at werk in the revision of his opinions, fot the public examimation; im other words, he is following the example ef Webster, in preparing for the press his works, to be issued with all the attractive charms of Kedfield’s typography, in some~ thing less (han balf a dozen stout octavos. Bvery para- graph will probably be as rharply discussed as if it were to bean article in the constitution of a’ mation, instead of a portion of the croed of a party, Mr. Seward is g hard working man, and he has achieved no inconsidera- ble portion of his distinction by the pen. The,letters he addrersed to the Albany Evening Journal, while on a journey through Europe, about twenty years ago, would have made a eapital book; and his subsequent: writings on imprisonment for debt, and other subjects, which from time to time have occupied the publie at- tention, though, in many cases, of transient inte- rest, have generally been able, popular, and admirably adapted for their several purposes. His speeches in the Benate have frequently been masterly historical disserta- tions, comprehensive. exhausting, and pertinent ; and it must be admitted that he never would have elaimed the Lobos Isunds on the ground of their discovery by Captain Renjamin Morrell. The files of the Knicker* bocker ond tome other magazines show that Governor Seward hns frequently amused himeelf with elegant lite- " it he has scarcely 4 beiles lettres famoy, and hid » when entirely irrclevaut to peblic affairs, have not been of a character to attrect muck attention, “The Worke of Wm. I, Seward” will doubtiess be owt during the winter—certainly in augple time for the closest eriticisn, before the next Baltimore convention, We hove reeetved from an English correspondent & copy of Lord Mahon’s quiet and amiable, but very pun gent, reply to Mr. Jared Sparks, in the matter of the man- ner in which that gentleman had edited the writings of Washington. His lordship amply vindicates the truth of his observations on the subject, in the later volumes of his History of England, and shows, also, very conclusively, that Mr, Sparks has tampered with the letters of Wash- ington toa degree never suggested by “ Friar Lubin,” of the Post, especially in passages reflecting severely on the conduct of New England officers and treops while Washington was in Massachusetts. Mr. Sparks, we learn by a private letter from Boston, is busy with his sur-rejoinder, which will be published as speedily as possible, He will have need im it for all his tramps, and, from appearances, would do better by at once throwing up his hand. While the late Judge Woodbury was anticipating a nomination for the Presidency—a nomination which was very likely prevented only by his death—he prepared for the press, and superintended until near its completion, the stereotyping of a collection of his political, judicial and miscellancous writings. in three large octavo volumes, ‘The work has at length been finished, under the direction of ason of the distinguished author, who has added w pretty full political and personal biography, and it will be published in a few deys, in Boston, inthe style of the edition of Webster. A publishing house of Boston have in press three octa- ‘Yo volumes of ‘Letters to Washington,” with notes by Jared Sparks—a selection from this portion of the hitherto inedited revolutionary correspondence. Mr. Bancroft bas completed the fifth volume of his His- tory of the United States, and it has been in the hands of the stereotypers in this city for several weeks. Of the fourth volume, issued last spring, the very large number of twenty thousand copies is understood to have beem already sold, in this country alone, and there have been editions of it published in London and Paris, and half » dozen translations in various parts of Europe. In lighter lterature there is but little promise for the fall. Mr. Richard B. Kimball, however, whose ‘St_ Leger’ has been so well received here and abroad, will publish an admirable novelette, under the title of “Scenes in the Life of a Student in France.” We have looked over some of the sheets of this perform- ance, just after reading the “Stories from Black- ‘wood,’? re-published last week, and may give our judg- ment of it in the semtence that, in power, pathos, dramatic management, and all the best qualities ef such literature, Mr. Kimball's sketches are not at all inferior to those masterpieces from the greatest of the magazines. Mr. George H. Boker, the author of “Calaynos,” has in rehearsal, at the Walnut street theatre, in Philadelphia a new comedy, entitled “The Married Widow,” of which there are geod reports. It will probably be published soon after its production on the stage. A distinguished French scholar, M. Tiby, has just oom- pleted an extensive and careful survey of the literature of the United States, which will appearin Paris during the autumn. Mr. Charles Carpentier, who gave to the werid, several years ago, a curious and amusing book on the domestic and social life of the Americans, died at Grenoble on the 5th of September, aged 63. He resided in New York during the winters of 1831-32. Mr. William Gilmore Simms, of South Carolina, has in preparation a work which will be apt to attract a great deal of attention in the North, on the part which the Southern States sustained in the Revolutionary war. It will be counterblast against Yankee historians. Madame Pulszky, since her return to Europe, has eom- pleted an account of the residence and travels of Kossuth and his companions in the United States, Madame Pulszky is very clover woman, as is shown by her “Tales and Traditions of Hungary;”’ and the relations which she and her husband have sustained to the great agitator. have afforded her every possible facility for the prepara- tion of a truthful and interesting work on this subject. Indeed, as the forthooming volumes have been written in the family of Kossuth, in London, he may himself be re- garded as in some sense their author. A remarkable hook was published in Philadelphia last spring, under the title of ‘hemes for the Protestant Pulpit.” The author displayed a very intimate acquain- tance with the intellectual progress and the moral neces- sities of the age; and rebuked the formalism, parti- vanship, and ‘old fogyism’ of the churches, in a way which induced many of the religious critics to aseail him: as an infidel. The more learned and thoughtful of the clergy, however, confessed he was net far out of the way, and saw in his appeals the beginning of a new party and anew life. The book was written by Mr. Caldwell, a re- tired merchant, whose liberal fortune permits the devo. tion of his old age to philosophy, and he is now occupied with a much more elaborats end extensive performance on the same subject. An Old School Orthodox reply to- the “Themes,’’ will be published in a few days. Among the fortheoming books, which will attract mor, or lees attention, and which have not hitherto been an. nounced, may be mentioned ‘The Speeches, &e., of Tho- mas Francis Meagher, with an Iistorical Introduction;”” “The Forest,” a novel by Dr. Huntington. author of “Alice,”’ “Alban,” &e.; * Cap Sheef,” an affaig in the Ik. Marvel vein; and “Frank Freeman's Barber 7 R.B. Hall. @ writer of peculiar but who, in this tale for the North and the notions of the “Unag Tom” questions, | Florida Election. To-day, the State election takes place in Florida. Im 1860, the vote of the State was given to the whig candi- dates—Thomas Brown being clected Goverpor, and Ed- | ward . Cabell sent to Congress, but by @ very small ma- ority, being less than 500. During the present canvass the political complexion of the State has been materially changed, in consequence of Mr. Cabell, who possesses considerable influence among his partisan supporters» | having announced his determination to oppose the elec- | tion of Genoral Scott to the Presidency. Whatever may | be the result of the contest which takes place to-day, | there is nota reasonable doubt but that the Pierce and King clectoral ticket will succeed in November, particu- { larly as the voters of the Btate, of both parties. are repre- ' sented as being very indignant towards Scott. Candi- dates for the office of Governor, members of Congress, and for the State Senate and House of Representatives, are to be voted for, The followimg are the respective tickets put forward for Gevernor and members of Con. | gress:— aine humor, uth, gives his Democrat Wiis. | Kor Gover James FE George T. Ward | Mem. of Cong —August’ Edward 0. Cabell, K. Moxwel | Stoxsees ar Br. Tromas any ‘Tunxs Istaxps The schooner Vicla, arrrived at Norfolk, reports that at St. Thomas, on the 11th ult , the yellow fever was very bad. several vessels having lost nearly all their crows; and: that at Turks Islands several deaths had ocourred. among the shipping, and several seamen were in the hospital with | the diseare, ‘The infection was brought from Demarara, | where the yellow faver and small pox are represented as j Taaing tonn untwual extent, Datos to the 20th Sept, | from St. Thomas, previously brought by the steamer | Petrel, made no mention of sicky 1 ane how of the Secretary f it $ ela will eail for ‘Australia, as bearer of pA ates in the ship Medora, which will leave this port during the Prorent week.