The New York Herald Newspaper, July 15, 1852, Page 5

ASTOUNDING POLITICAL DEVELOPEMENTS, Generali Scott on the Naturaliza- tion Laws. mony INTERESTING DOCUMENTS, Bier, Ser, Ses TUG LETTER OF NOVEMBER, 1841. Wasuincton, November 10, 1841. Dear Sir—I have the honor to acknowledge your letter of the 8th instant, written, as you are ploased to add, in behalf of several hun native Ameri- an republicans of Philadelphia. Not confidently, but not for publication, I have already replied to a letter from David M. Stone, Eaq., of your city, on the same subject. I will write to you in like manner, and in haste. Thia is the month when the | ead of official business i3 hea- wiest with me—leaving scarcely time for eleep or exorcise. I must not, however, wholly neglect your communication. Should any considerable number of my fellow countrymen assign me, or desire to give me, a pro- minent position before the public, I shall take time to methodise my views on the great questions you have proposed. Those views have their origin in tho stormy cloctions of the spring of 1835, and were ‘confirmed in the week that the Harrison electors wwere chosen in New York. On both occasions I was in that city, avd heard in the streets, “Down with the natives.” It was heard in almost every group of foreigzers, as the signal for rallying and out- 8. i Sred with indignation, two friendssat down with mo in my parlor at the Astor House (November, 1840,) to draw up an address—designod to rally an Amorican part7. The day after the election I set out for the South, ind havo never known precisely why our appeal was not pur! Probably the election of General Harrison rendered the publication at that time un- necessary in the opinion of my two friends. _ I now hesitate between extending the period of residence before naturalization, and a total re of all acts of Congress on the subject—my min ‘elines to the latter. i Concurring fully in the pemenies of the Phila- delphia movement, I should prefer assuming the name.of American republican, as in New York, or democratic Americans, as I should respectfully sug- gest. Brought up in the principles of the revolu- tion—of Jofforson Madison, &c.—under whom, in pont, 1 commenced life, I have always beon called, havo ever professed myself, a republican, or whig, which with me was the samo thing. Democratic Americans would include all good native citizens devoted ts our country and institutions; would not drive from us naturalized citizens, who, by long re- sidence, have become identified with us in feeling and intoroat. er ; I am happy to see, by the Philadelphia National American, tat religion is to be excluded as a party element. Staunch Brotestant as I am, both by birt! and conviction, I shall never consent to a party or Btate religion. Religion is too sacred to be mingled with either. It should always be kept between each individual and his God, eccopt in the way of reasonand geatle persuasion—as in family churches ‘and other occasions of voluntary attendance, (after ears of discretion,) or reciprocal consent. Wi success to the great work which you and ‘other iots have happily set on foot, I remain, wit respect, your tellow citizen, = ae WiyFieLp Scorr. To @ Washington Reed, Esy., and othors, Philadelphia, GEN. SCOTT'S COMMUNICATION TO THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. The following communication, written by General Beott, is copied from the Washington Intelligencer, and is published as it appoared in that paper :— (From the National Intelligencer, Dec 17, 1844.) COMMUNICATION. NOTES ON THE ADMISSION OF ALIENS TO CITIZEN- SHIP. "The Congress shall havo the power” “to establish a Aniform rule of naturalization.”"—(Constitution U. S., erticle 1, section 8, clause 4.) On this power, or on all citizens who may be @dopted under any established rule made pursuant 20 the power, tho constitution itself, in othor parts, i Iaposes four limitations or restrictions: — 1.=—“No person shall be « Representative who shall ot have (é&c.] been seven years a citizen of the United Y——-(Article 1, section 2, clause 2.) 2.—“No person shall be a Senator who shall not have [&o.] beem nine years a citizen of the United States.”— Article 1, section’3, clauee 3.) 3.—“No |, except 2 natural born citizen, or ci- tizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Preai- dent."—(Article 11, section 1, clause 5.) And, 4.—“ No person constitationally ineligible to the office of President shail be eligible to that of Vice President of the pat Btates.""—(Amendments, article 12, clause or E ine Under the power and the restrictions here seve- rally quoted, Congress may legislate on this subject, in the shape of a uniform rule—that is, a rule the same, {0% the time being, throughout the whole Union and its territorios. It is seen, then, that the constitution itself, in re- spect to foreigners, contemplates or establishes many distinct degrees of citizenship, besides age, sex, nnd residence. Ist. Congress, under the dele- gated power, might, by a uniform rule, confer on aly aliens, immediately on arrival—instead of atthe end of fire years, a8 at present—the right of holding and transmitting property of every description ; the right of voting for President, Vice President, and members of Congress ; the right of voting and being Yoted for, in respect to all State offices and trusts} and the right of holding all federal offices, with the exceptions which follow. Yet, as at present, 2d, No such adopted citizen would be eligible to a seat jn the House of Representatives, nor until seven years after taking the oath; nor, 3d, To a seat in the Sonate, until two yoars more, making nine; nor, 4th, Ever to the Presidency or Vice Presidency ; whilst, 5th, There are yot among us some foreigners dy birth, who, having been hero prior to the adop- Aon of tho constitution, are eligible to the Presi- lency and Vice Presidency, and enjoying every other yight of natural born citizens. Behold, then, at this moment, within the bosom of our country, foreigners holding, by naturalization, five seve- ral grades of citizenship; besides, 6th. A host of other firciguers, all personally under the protec- tion of our laws, with the right to acquire, to hold, and to transmit property, including (in sevoral States) lands and houses, and all (males) again, in different stages of advancement towards the acqui- sition of tho political rivhts under the first four heads above. Tt is, there f shown that the con- stitution, by © 9 unifion rule of naturalization,” did not meni « " hich all rights whatso- ever of native should be conferred on aliens (subseguen ng in the country) at oneo, andinalump ne right (the second above) the constitution withholds for seven years aftor na. turalization; another (the third) for nine years, and. the fourth forever. If we follow strictly etymologi- cal meaning, it would be a bull to say that Con- gress cun, by a rule of naturalization, make a fo- reigner a natural bom citizen. “ Naturalization” isa technical torm, borrowed by our constitution from English law—just as levying war, overt act of treason, &0., were borrowed by the same instru- ment from the same source. To find the loga meaning of oither term, we have always been obliged to look to that fountain rather than © dictionaries. Nothing is more natural or <sommon than such technical roference. In the English practice of “‘ Naturalization” it is exceedingly rare to find that aliens have been ad- | mitted to all the rights of a born subject. In Eng- Gand, they havo been almost universally, by the terms of adoption, disqualified from holding of- fico, &e. ’ With us, Congross may “cstablish a uniform rule of oaturalization,” or repeal the present rule and have none—just as we havo twice had, and have twico ropealed, “ uniform laws on the sub- -keot of bankruptcies,” a subject over which Con- gress has unlimited power undor (by the way) the same clwase of the constitution. As, then, Congross might originally have legis- Jated or not on naturalization, and may now repeal the existing established rule, and substitute no other, somay Congress, at its good pleasure, in view of national policy and expediency, alter or modify the existing rule. The motives for chango are many and powerful. They cannot fail to occur to every thinking mind. Suffice it hore to repeat what once declared of a single sovereign’s power—the ‘Of the existing rule of naturalization are great, are increasing, and ought to be diminished One of some experience, and who has meditated the aubjert Jong, presumes to suggest as follows:-- | Not to repeal the existing rule and leave none, as the non user on the part of Congress of the dele gated power, would give at least a colorable author- ity to State adoptions of citizens, just as the non- existence of a uniform system of bankruptey has led to State insolvent laws; and it is evident that twon- ty-six State rules, without, perhaps, uniformity be- tween any two, would increase the ovils to be dimi- nizhed, independent of extreme embarrassment, in courts and at the polls, under the provision, “the citizens of cach State shall be entitled to all privi- legos and immunities of citizons in the several States.”—(Constitution, Article iv., Section 2, clause 1 ) 2.—Not to extend the period of residence before admission to citizenship, as this would be impolitio nationally, and unjust to aliens, in reapect to tho acquisition and transmission of real estate in many parts of the Union, as also in respect to other civil rights. Besides, extension of previous residence would not diminish the alleged perjuries and frauds at the polls; but, 3.—Leave the basis of the naturalization system as it is, and superinduce the following modifica- tions :— An Act id pied to the Acts now 1m force, on the subject of a uniform rule of naturalization. Sec. 1. Be it enacted, §c., That any alien, boing a free white person, and who shall come inte the United States six months or later, after the ° of this act, may be admitted to become a citizen thereof after a residence therein of at least three (1) years, and one year (2) at least after declaring his bona fide intention of becoming a citizen, in the manner and form, and upon the other conditions not herein altered, as prescribed by the act entitled “ An act to establich a uniform rulo of uaturaliza- tion, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject,” which was approved April 14, 1802: Pro- vided, That no alien arriving in the United States ajlter six months from the passage of this act, shall ever acquire the rt pt to vote, except in the manner hereinafter prescribed, for any elector of President or Vice President of the United States ; for any member of the House of Representatives of the same ; for any lovernor, Lieutenant Governor, member of the Legis lature, Judge of any Court of Record, or Sheriff, in any State or Territory of the United States, or for any Maym', Intendant, President, Alderman, As- sistant Alderman, or Common Councilman of any city, borenae, or incorporated town or village, in any of the said States or their Territories, or within the District of Columbia; but al aliens admitted to naturalization under the forego- ing provisions and limitations, shall enjoy every ether right and privilege of native born citizens which is not expressly limited or withheld by tho Constitution of the United States. Si be it further enacted, That overy na- turalized citizen, as aforesaid, shall be wholly ex- empted or excused from involuntary service in the militia, army, and navy of the United States. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That every freo white alien, being an able-bodied male of at loast seventeen years of age, who shall, in time of war, engage to servo the United States against their enc- mies, for at least two years, or during the war, or who, in time of actual war, shall serve the said States faithfully two years, or to the end of the war, in any com; or vessel of war, in the army or navy of the said States, shall, on obtaining the cer- tificate or certificates of faithful service, signed by the commanding officer or officers of such company or companies, vessel or vessels of war, and counter- signed by the next higher officer in the army or navy, under whom, if any, such alien has served, shall be admitted, on presenting such ovidence to any court designated in the act herein be- fore recited, to all the rights and privileges of citizenship at any time conferred by the act, on simply taking the oath of allegiance to the United States, and making the renunciations enjoined in the said act. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That this act shall take effect on and after six months from its passage, when all provisions of former acts incon- sistent with this act, shall be taken and held;to be repealed, in respect only to all aliens arriving in tho United States after that date. Should some bill like this become a law, it would not in the slightest degree affect any alion already in the United States, or who might arrive within six months after its date. Of course, the rights of naturalized citizens would be as little touched by the act as those of native born citizens. What fo- reigners abroad would be affected by thelaw? Pro- bably but few; possibly not one who, at tho time of its passage, would have a mind made up to migrate to the United States. As to all female foreigners arriving after the passage of the act and the addi- tional six months, they would be the sooner, by two years, admitted to all the civil rights of citizenship, and no others have ever been conferred on females. Sooner, also, by two years, would their male rela- tives and friends be admitted to that large class of rights, besides eligibility to ald but four offices, State and federal. As to other foreigners abroad and in existence, or who may hereafter be born abroad, what right would they have now or in future to complain of such alaw? We, already in the United States, whether natives, naturalized citizens, or aliens, have a great question of national policy to settle for ourselves and our own posterity, and we may séttle it for the benefit of both, without looking to speculative phi- lanthropy or liberty beyond such posterity. We think we are liberal enough when, in providing for America, we leave the door of admission open to the children of foreigners, now abroad, who may hereafter be born here, without allowing their fathers to come and help to govern us. We, who alone have any right to think on the subject, claim that we can best govern ourselves, and the better such government, in the meantime, so much the better for the foreigners who may hereafter come among us, and for their American born children. It will be observed that the bill proposes to leave future naturalized citizens as eligible to all offices and trusts as those who have heretofore been naturalized. Many of them, no doubt, will be appointed andelected to high places, as heretofore, and be foundas worthy of confidence as a Montgomery, or a Morris, a Gal- latin, a Findlay, ora Smiley. We, now in Ame- rica, mean only that, after a given time, electors born on the soil shall alone select natives or adopt- ed citizens to make laws for America, or to admi- nister those laws. But, without a syllable on the subject of electors (voters) for clectors of Prosident and Vice Presi- dont, because, perhaps, it was intended they should be chosen by the State Legislatures, as at present in South Carolina, the constitution has declared:-- “The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States; and the electors, in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most na- merous branch of the State Legislature.""—(.4rt, 1, sec. 2, clause 1.) Not another word is said in any other part of the instrument on the qualifications of voters. In view of that clause, it may be asked, and to the confusion of some minds:—Has Congress the power to limit the political franchise of future adopted citizens, asin the first section of the bill proposed? The answer iv, certainly not, if that were the only clause bearing on the question, But here are two others:— “ Congress shall have power “to establish o uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankrupteice thy out the United States,”"—(Art. 1, see. 8, clause 4) And— “ The citizens of each State shall be entitied to all pri- vilegew and immunitics of citizens in the several States,” (Art, iv,, see, 2, clause 1.) The three clauses must be construcd together, and, if they can be harmonized, or rendered not in- compatible with cach other, each must have its full weight and effect. Nothing more easy than to solve the supposed difficulty, or to find the desired harmony. It is evident that if each of the original thirteen —now twenty-six States—could make its own dif- ferent rule, Delaware, against the will of Virginia, might make adopted citizens for both, and Michi- gan for Now York, greatly to the annoyance of the latter; but Virginia is not represented in the Delaware Legislature, nor New York in that of Michigan. A. citizen of one State being a citizen of every other, we should have had, by this time, | confusion worre confounded” everywhero, but that it was precisely to avoid this opposition and interference of many capricious rules, that tho constitution in express terms, at least in respect to the adoption of foreignors, declares that Congress (in which all the States are equitably roprosentedy shall have the power to establish a uniform rule of na- turalization throughout the United States. Tho ob ject is as plain as the lodgmont of the power was indispensable. No act single State cea be pub im conourrence with such powor. If not left derelict and seized upon by others from sheer necessity, it must be cxclustrely in the hands where primarily lodged. There is a wido field loft for the exercise, on the part of the several States, of the power to de- termine what shall be the “qualifications” (alionage and naturalization aside) “requisite for the electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legisla- ture.” There is the land and other property quali- fications in some Stater, age, militia service, &c., in others—all, however, within the range of eitizen- ship, whether by birth or naturalization, whioh Con- greas may determine for all. It can say what qua- lifications, for the good of all as a Union, shall be imposed upon adopted citizens in respect to the po- litical franchises of voting throughout the United States—na the constitution itself imposed the qua- lifications we havo seen above, on other political franchise—eligibility to federal offices and truste. Both federal and State eligibility to office the pro- posed bill leaves where they were found. Tho constitution was & compromise and a com- pact between all the people, Seanly,) whether citi zens, aliens, (or foreigners,) of ono State and simi- lar people of the other Stutes; or, betwoen the ple genorally throughout the whole Union; which, it is unimportant to the present question to deter- mine. ere hed been, previously, no intimate union between the lege uniform rule of natu- ralization. Each State had looscly adopted, in ita own way, nearly all aliens, not alien enemies, who had como within their limits. Natives who wore tories wero as gonerally ex- pelled. Political and military services were the great inducements to adoption—in most cases with- out certificate as without record. All, very nearly all, had earned peel citizenship An army of patriot heroes had been recently disbanded far from their native homes, and many wore stil! unsettled in any pew residence. Henco the language of the constitution— The oitizens of each State shall be (&c.) citizens of the several States.”” That clause was a sasapine adoption, or reeognition. It called a nation of AMERICANS into existence, and fixed their united being. Their descendants, and those since adopted, with their children, are the poet Americans—tho rKoPLE of the United tates. It may, perhaps, bo objected to any bill like that proposed—What would be its binding foree, should it become a law ? Particular States might still, at their pleasure, (it may be said,) permit aliens to vote for al] functionaries, State and federal, im- mediately on coming, for the first time, within the threshold of tho State. The only answer is—oaths registered in heaven, ason earth. If these cannot bind, then there is an end to all human society or government. The constitution of the United States, in the name of the whole pocple, commands— “This constitution, and the laws of the United States, which shall be made, in pursuance thereof, (&e ) shall be the supreme ‘law of the land, and the judges tm cvery State shall be bound thereby; anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.” Also, “ The mem- bers of the several State Legislatures, and all execu- tive and judicial officers, shall be bound by oath, or affirmation, to rupee this constitution.” —( drt. VI, sections 2.and 3) But I have not time for declamation or polish, and I have had but little to cite principles or press arguments. J have only written notes. Much sup- rt might be derived from the equally judicious istribution of power over the militia between fede- ral and State authorities. The analysis and appli- cation are left to abler hands. They will find that what required uniformity was given to one side; all that allowed to disconformity loft to the other. The reasons were the same as in the case of citizen- ship. 3 is not Asenel) that the Pry poeea bill will have the good fortune to conciliate the general favor of either Native Americans or Whigs The leadin, Democrats will no doubt reject it as an attem) upon their ‘‘ spoils.” Yetit is not seen why the liberal of the three parties may not support the measure. More cannot be attained, if more wero desirable, without an alteration of the constitution ; and even something lesa would not be accepted b those who are already more than satisfied witl undue advantages. But the Whigs are yet surely under upmerited defeat, and the Natives flushed with the first fruits of their young endeavors. The green tree waves its branches and the foliage to the breeze, and looks with the confidence of in- experience to the returning season. No nipping frost has ever seared its hopes. Yet this party stands on the “unsteadfast footing of a spear,” or, at least, a narrow isthmus, which the first wave of svecess, coming from either side, may for ever wash from under its feet. Triumph would, indeed, be more fatal to its existence than defeat. Asyetit has no concerted system of principles or measures—or has proclaimed none—for carrying forward the business and the developement of this concrete and mighty Republic. My humble advice to all around us is, to revive your spirits, to moderate the intoxication of victory, to look to the Constitution, to serve your country in soberness and faith, and to scorn to be the slave of party, or the tool of eae Sad MERICUS. EXTRACT OF THE LETTER ACC! NOMINATION OF J y WaAsnineTon, * * 2 The political principles and measures Jaid down in those resolutions are so broad that but little is left for me to add. I, therefore, barely suggest, in this place, that should I, by the partiality of my coun- trymen, be olevated to the chief magistracy of the Union, I shall be ready, in my connection with Congress, to recommend, or to approve of measures in regard to the management of the public domain, 80 as to secure an early settlement of the same, favorable to actual settlers, but consistent, nevorthe- lees, with a due regard to the equal rights of the whole American people in that vast national inheri- tance ; and also to recommend or approve of a single N@ THE BALTIMORE 1852. June 24, 1852. * * * alteration in our naturalization laws, suggested y* my military experience, viz. :—Giving to all foreign- ers the right of citizenship, who shall faithfully serve, in time of war, one year on board of our pub- lie ree) or in our land forces—regular or volunteer —on their receiving an honorable discharge from the service. * * * * * * * I have the honor to remain, sir, with great esteem, your most obedient servant, Winrirp Scorr. To the Hon. J. G. Chapman, Président of the Whig National Convention. Literary Reviews. Mectanic’s Magazine AND ENGiNEER’s Joun- aly, 1852. New York: Appleton & Co.— This periodical is prepared in a manner correspond- ing to the important subjects upon which it treats, and is deserving the encouragement of those for whom it is intended. THE Gexat Mineo. By A. R. Payne. New York: C. B. Norton.—This is a narrative of a residenoe in a Brazilian valley of the Sierra Paricis. It con- tains some interesting scenes in, and remarks re- specting, this part of Brazil. Srecimens or Newsparer MeEnorrs. ich T. Buckingham. Boston: Red- ding & Co. New York: Stringer & Townsend.— This work, contained in two well bound volumes, exhibits specimens of the early newspaper litera- tore in the United States, chiefly that of Now Eng- jand, and the State of Massachusetts ospecially, and presents many features of curiosity and interest, especially when compared with the present advanced state of newspaper literature and tactics. It appears that the specimens do not extend beyond the yea- 1800, and that a third volume is contemplated, which must embrace a much more interesting era than the one now exhibited. The author has given us some rather interesting sketches of Frau-lin, Isaiah Thomas, Benj. Russell, William Bentley, and others, which serve much to elucidate the tone and spirit of the press of that period. To those connected with newspaper literature and politics, this work wil afford some curious information and entertainment. Tue History or Democracy in tHe Unirep States. By the author of the Republic of the United States of America. No. 1. New York: Stringer & Townsend.—This work is intonded to be published in numbers, the first of which is now before us. We hope it will be written with that ability which such an interosting subject demands, and that it will thoreby take its Py among the standard literature of this country. he present number presents features of promise, and the author appears to know tho ground he ought to take up, and the track which he has to fol- low, to elucidate his subject in a philosophical and logical manner, which we trust will not be broken in upon by any narrow-minded or party views, or feelings of political interest. After this warning, wo shall keep our eye upon the work. We hope the author will not attempt to exhaust his subject. LiveraturR, witht Ixcrpext Cosnreten wir Mn, Wensten's Reonprion at Borton.—A most, interesting and affecting incident ccourred upon Boston Neck, at the time of the re- ception of Mr, Webster, iast Friday, which we do not recollect to have seen in print. Upon the honored gen- tleman’s arriving in front of tho regiment of Vol. Greene, the Colonel placed upon his sabre’s point « most magne ficent bouquet, drove his charger to the vide of the “ De- fender’s ” carriage, and gracefully presented it to him, Upon the bunch of flowers was the following touching and bequtiful inscription -— “ Flowers from Lexington, Concord, and Bunker MIL The Fourth Infantry, Middloeos Regiment, ‘Pristin rtintis mernor, th rT of the © and the Union ble gentleman acoapted this, the first bou- ived in Boston, with feel that may be but not Colonel rode way ho bowed tears upoa hia cl ns vuntng Letter from the Wife of Crist, the Alloge ,, Murderer, Tho Mobile Tribune, of the 3d inst , publishos the fullowing lottor, and romarke:—* It was writvon by the of the criminal Crist, shortly after he was arrested in Ovio, and brought to thiscity. It reached him in jail. Ivis a touching and womanly Poison sud shows in every line that constant ith which, in the heart of a true wife--like the ns to the onk ina storm—clings more closely ag ad- vorsity falis around its object. cay aa Crist is, there must bo in his nature some hiddon source of gentleness. No perfectly ovil thing could prompt such attachment as this affecting letter betrays:— Oxaverann, April 7, 1852. MuDeancet Hvsnann—I have been very miserabie since they took you away, When you were here. and I could have the happiness of sceing my own darting sometimes, I was better saticfied; but now my boart is almost cru-hed. ‘They have torn you from me so suddenly and unexpect- edly, that Icon’ bardiy realize my situation, Cau it be postible that we aro never to moet again upon earth? Ob. my darling! it bas been but two short years since we stoud ut the altar, surrounded by our friends, and we the hap- eet of the happy; and since that, dearcat, we have en- joyed each other's society so much! And now that this dreadful sorrow should descend upon our heads to crush our future hopos—Ob, my God! no wonder I cannot realize my miserable situation, But I must not give away in this manner. I promised you that I would not give up until they proved you ity. I hope they will never do that. I cannot believe you would commit so horrible a crime as you are charged with. Ono who bas always been 80 kind to his and friends, and always so tender hearted, could never raise his hand against his follow. man. unless in self defence. But the one who murdered Nye did not do that; #o it cannot be my daziing husband. No. never. never! But, dearest, if you did commit that crime, I beg of you, as a husband and a father, to tell me before you die. so I can tter satisfied; for. oh, God knows that if they hang argunocent man, and I should be convinoed of the fuct. my§vaeon would depart ferever, and they would have the Blood of two innocent pervous to answer for. But if y@m are hung. and confess that you are guilty. then I would be better satisfied, because I could not blame them for doing their duty—elthough I shali never feel any different towards you than I do at pre- sent; for you have always been to me a kind, beloved husband.” I cannot feel aught towards you but love and respect. whether you live or die—but, a8 I said before, I can’t believe you guilty until they prove you such; and T hope you will convince them of your innoceace, so that We may weet again, and continue to live happily together in this world—and when we die, that we may joined together in heaven, is the prayer of your once happy, but now really afflicted wife. I presume Andrews did not go with you, but I presume he wil! go down immediately. and do his best towards having the matter thoroughly investigated. I had no idea that McGibbony would leave.so suddenly. He pro- mised to let father Know when he was going, but instead of doing as he should have done, he went off without one article of clothing for you. I presume he was afraid they would mob bim for shooting Fuller, I intended sending your clothes down that morning, when the word came that ycu were gone. You left word to send them to ( cinnati, but McGibbony said he intended stopping in Cin cinnati aver Sunday. #0 it was no use sending them there. After Clarence had gone to sleep last night. he opened his eyes and called papa, 9 though he had been dream- ing of you, I told the dear little angel that papa was gone away. He went to sleep again, and presently he opened his eyes again, and called papa! papa! It made ine feel so sorrowful I could not sleep. It almost kills me to think that perhaps we may never sce you again. Dearest, I pray every night that Gpd would torgive your sing, and receive youin heaven, if it is your fate to die— which I also pray that it may not be. I hope the jailor will be kind to you, and let you write to me often. I have not heard one word from you yet, but I presume it is not your fault, I know you will write to me it you can, We are all well, and I hope you are the same. ' Mother and Miranda do not believe you guilty. They send their love to you. Accept my whole love. dearest. I am 50 overcome with sorrow that I can write no more to day. Gocd bye. May we meet again soon. God bless you, and keep you safe! From your dearest, faithful wife, LUCRETIA CRIST. Execution of Jean Adam and Antonio De- Lisle at New Orleans. The men who murdered a colored servant girlin New Orleans, last winter, suffered the extreme penalty of the law, in that city, on the 2d inst. The Delta gives the fol- lowing account of the execution :— About eleven o'clock the crowd commenced to asgem- ble. and eager curiosity marked the features of all pre- sent. It increased momentarily until many thousands had contrived to crush themselves into one nook or ano- ther, from whence the edifying spectacle might be wit. nessed, The scene was gay with the ribbons and flaunt- ing dresees of the women, and the Seclig picturesque sppearapce ofthe men. There seemed to be no particu- lar feeling amongst them, save an anxious desire to see two fellow creatures choked We noticed no feminine horror of the coming tragedy; we heard no whispered word of hope that {t would soon beover. Everything was de- cidedly “cool.” except the weather. Apple boys were in great demand, and oranges suffered to an unlimited extent. ‘The fragrance of innumerable segurs did not contrast too pleasantly with the smell of reeking perspiration, which pervaded the whole space, and the mintjuleps which flowed in abundance in every grog thop, did not add much to the sobriety of the scene. How proud must have bren Delisle—for he was of a ro- mantic temperament. and liked a crowd—to see that he could attract a greater multitude than Kossuth, or any mere benefactor of humanity, who might come our way. “How shall I become famous ?” asked an ancient nota- bility of the oracle. “Killa man! waa the reply. An- thony Delisle only helped to kill « woman; but surely he must have fult that he wus a great man! Levity enough churacterized the scene. Men laughed, and talked, and diecuesed the Presidential election, during the breathing time which preceded the tragedy— juet as people converse in the pit of a theatre, before the curtain rises for the and act in which “Kirby dics.” Women giggled. and tlirted their fans, and raised their dresses an inch or two from the ground. for fear of the contaminaticn of a particle of mud, and never shuddered at the etain which their conduct was imprinting indeli- bly on their sex. They criticised the details as they would the “getting up" of an opera, Ifeaven knows, the murderers did not deserve much sympathy. as their crime had been as black as ever was committed in our experience; but there was no necessity of Jaughing at them. A pauper's home death-bed should not be disgraced by unseemly mirth: and it does not even help « murderer on his road to the bourne of which we have all heard, by sending echoes of unnatural mirth after him. But let the curtain rise—the audience is impatient to see “Kirby die.” At 12 o'clock precisely. the scaffold, which was erected on the space between the parish prison and police jail, fronting the strect, was entered by the principal actors. | ‘Then the multitude surged to and fro, as if swayed by some terrible passion; but the only object of their uxcite- ment was to get a good view,” and hear the last words. Bo swayed the populace of Puris in the “days of Ter- ror.” when one of the nobles:e had mounted the scaffold, and ail were eager to hear the witticism, without which it would be undignified to die, Delisle came first, and Adam followed. The former was ablack-baired, intelligent looking man, rather young; | the latter was a bull-necked, stolid, burly fellow, who re- minded one of Eugene Sue's Chourincur, who always “saw red.’ Both were pinioned. Their elbows were fimaly fastened by cords, So tightly, indeed, we have been told. that Adam’s fingers were black from the closeness of the com- pression, Delisle walked boldly forward, with a reckless, carcless tread.asif he mored toe parade. not to eternity, The step of Adam was hesitating and slow, as felt weight of his guilt, and dreaded the frown of the nity. They were dressed in white shirts and white p: talooMs, and their appearance called forth many approv- | ing observations from the “frail sect.”” ‘The wretches took the seats which were placed for them on the scaffold, Delisle talking in an excited man- ner the whole time. Two priests entered also, but we were not able to learn their names. Deputy sheriff Fabre stepped forward and read the death warrant. at the conclusion of which the crowd drew a long breath, and appeared a little relieved. Two or three connoisseurs in hanging, managed to spare time for « brandy cocktail, | after which they “felt better.” After the reading of the document. the murderers stood up—the fatal noose was fixed—aud Antoine Delisle continued his pastionate asseverations. “Tam innocent.” he cried. but not inan appealing, but ina bullying, defiant strain, “I am innocent of the crime, I did not cominit the murder, [am pnnishod unjustly, I was seduced into the robbery, but | had no- | thing to do with the crime of which I amaccwed. I was bern in Americs, but have French blood in my veins.’ Here the priest upproached, and whispered some words rance. but Delisle turned from him, | raordinary barangue. “1am not , T have nothing t ir. But you are pun- the innocent, I will di brave man since I Acem meanwhile was silent and word to say, and sought not the gl but let us charitably h All the while a black cioud hung in the northwest. ominous, terrible, dark. 1) moved slowly onwards, and moved in the direction of the scalfold. At length its edge rested over the drop, just as the doomed ones stood upon it, as it frowned for a minute as if impatient of delay. and then scattered in a blaze of lightning. accompanied by a roll of thunder which shook the city. Read the omen as you will, it touched not the hearts of the spec- tators with fear, They stood their ground, and, unlike tho Parisians, even the heavy rain. which descended in torrents, did not cause them to leave the seone of such intonse excitement, In the thick of the storm, the bolt was drawn and the two miserable creatures descended ata bound. And all was over? No, impatient render ! the noose was not fixed skilfully, and it slipped, so that the two men were not kill- ed, but only dashed to the earth. bruised, senseless and Dieeding. If you read the fact with as much disgust as | We write it, we do not envy your sensations ‘What next’ ‘The people rushed forward, not to reecue the doomed, | but to ree what the accident was. The police charged on | them with their glittering crescents and formidable ba- tons, and all was quiet again. The prisonors wore carried back to the prison, and re- stored to animation by various means, Again they were brought out, after the lapse of a few minutes, aud mount. ed the scaffold, as before. Delisle walked as fearlessly as over. Adatn seemed to have his arm smashed, The former, noticing the blood | on the shirt of the latter, calmly turned to him and asked “How comes the blood there?” Adam answored not— | and they stood upon the trap again A panse—a push—a struggle, and at lw they were in eternity Wine Rativicarion Meevixa ix New Oxsrane—The whigs of Now Orleans hold a meoting in that city, on the Ist instant, for the purpose of ratifying the nominations of Seott and Graham. The New Orleans papers describe the meeting as very large and very enthusiastic. Harry IM presided, ond one bundred and seventeen ents wore chown. Specches were made by Kenjamin, Roreiins, Price, and Hunt, Resoiu- Lopted approving of the nomination of Seott Ping the platform of the Whig Na- uyeutin, and culogteing Mr Fillmore and his iolsiration 5 | made the discovery, and that he and many others jomination for the Vice Pre- widoncy. LETTER FROM GEORGE 0 WASNINGTON, RELATIVE TO THE AMEBIVAN NOMINATION YOK THE VICK PREAT- DBNOY. Tho Natt Wasmnaron, July 13, 1452. T bave seen publiched in various prints the pro- cecdings of the American National Convention, aa aembled at Tremton, New Jorsey, on tho 5th inst., from which it appears I was nominated as & candi- dute for Vice President of the United States. No official communication of the fact haa been recoivod by me, and if any euch has been made, it hae miscarried. My namo having been thus unexpectedly pre- sented to the country, I cannot longer consent to romain silent, avd therefore adopt this modo of responding to the nomination I fool bighly honored by being deemod worthy of such a distinction, and by having my name asso- | cinted with that of on eminent and revered oitizen, selected by the convention for tho oflice of Presi- dept of the United States. ‘Tho Baltimore Whig Convention has presented to the nation, as candidates for tha aame oflices, the names of Winficld Scott and Wm. A. Graham. Those nominations rovoived my cordial asseat, a3 well ay my zealous support. Ihave been on torma of friond- ly intercourse with Gen. Scott for twonty years, and esteem bim for bis spotless character, and his frank, manly, and courteous bearing. Lreepect him for bis talents, which have often been severely tested, but whioh never failed him un- der the most trying circumstances, and I admire him for his military services, by which the character of his country has been elevated at home and abroad, and which have been equalled by no man living or dead, since tho days of the Revolution. Hoe freely shed his blood in maintai the honor of his country and her rights. His patriotic devotion to the Union, and conzervative principles, and his firm support of the Compromise measures, cannot, in @hy belief, be questioned, without doing him a great’ wrong and injustice. ir. Graham is mpaxcenhiopable, being respected for his talonts, and extolled for his virtues, by all who know him. Entertaining these opinions of tho candidates of the whig convention, and being finally and willingly committed to their support, I am constrained most respectfully to decline the nomination of the Amoe- riewn National Conyention. Gronar C. Wasuinaton. Later from Te: {From the New Orteans Picayune, July 7.) Ky tho arrival of the steamship Mexico, Captain Place, we have received full files of Texas papers. The first charter olevtion was held in Corpus Christi recently, and the following officers wore olected : or—B. Neal. arshal—T. 8. Parker. Treasure: M. Cooper. Seoretary— Eph. Haines. Aldermen—Antonio Vela, M. Balds- wheeler, H. W. Berry, E. HH. Winfield, James lt. Barmard, Forbes Britton. From a cardin the Valley, we sec that Capt. Brit- ton declines tho office of alderman. A jockey club, called the Star State Jockey Club, was formed in Corpus Christi on the 26th ult. Geo. P. H. Bell was elected President, with twenty-one Vice Presidents, and Capt, l'orbos Britton was ¢loct- ed Secretary and Treasurer. A subscription was Spense and a large sum subsoribed ina short time. The first race is to come off during the fair of Cor- pus Christi, in 1853. A terrible affray occurred in Washington on the 26th ult., in the course of which a max named Farrell was killed, and another named Shepard se- riously wounded, by George P. Lynch. Lynch made his escape, and a reward of $550 is offered for him by the citizens and the Masonic Lodge of Wash- ington. Railroad meetings have been held at Austin and Houston, and delegates appointed to the convention to have been held at Chappell Hill en the 3d inst. Tho Austin State Gazette complains of the low salaries of the different State officers. It says that no man of family can serve a term as Governor, without subjecting himself to a lovs greater than a prudent msn would willingly incur. The present system was adopted at the close of tho revolution, and was rendered necessary by the burthen of a heavy pablig debt ; but circumstances have since changed, and justice should be done to the talents and services of citizens selected for important offices. A party of the citizens of Lagrange wero out on a mustang hunt recently, when they came upon three panthers. Vory singularly, there was not a firearm in the crowd, but they gave chase notwith- standing, and after a long and exciting race, suc ceeded in lassoing two of the panthers. Tho third one escaped. Maltby’s circus troupe were expected at Lagrange from Austin, at last accounts. Irems From Havana.—By the arrival of the steamer Cherokee, from Havana, we have received files of the Gaccta dela Habana and Diario dela Marina to the 2d inst. Their contents are almost exclusively of local interest, tho most. prominent topics of discussion being the question of the estab- lishment of telegraphs in the island, and the reduc- tion of the value of the onza from $17, at which it now circulates, to $16, its intrinsic valu Neithor of these mesures meet the approbation of the Diario dela Marina. The dryness of these discussions is relieved by an occasional volunteer iat that Mr. Pierce will be elected President of the United States, and the fear that Mr. Sloo,or some other Yankee, will get Te- huantepec. The Gaccta publishes an order of the Captain General, in relation to the announcement of the departure of the American steamers, the last para- graph of which we translate for the odification of our readers, and that they may sce how far a truly pa- ternal government will go in the protection of its children. After solemnly Sep | = the pas- ie money of two gentlemen, wha been left behind because the steamer sailed th?®e pours and a quarter before the time announced, shall be paid to them in full, his Excellency further says :— And considering that by-a continuance of the system which bas been adopted by the consignees in the depar- ture of the steamers aforesaid. other similar cases may occur, it is deemed proper to resolve, that after the hour of departure has been once published, either in the news- papers or by placards in the offices of the consignees, it shall not be altered unless it be again inverted in the pa- pers: and the term of six hours from the time of its pul ication be given, that it may become known to the pas- | fengers. | We congratulate our friends of the Steam Com- pany that they escaped so li htly, and that the Go- vernor did not see fit to schastheo the pocket,” as the Spaniards elegantly express it. From the tenor of the ! should suppose the Habanoros were having gay times, with their balls, concerts, watering places, and, lastly, bull fights, which were to commence on Sunday, the 27th ult. The announcement of the re-establishment of steam communication between Havana, Vera Cruz nd Tampico, by the Royal Mail Steamship Compa- ny, of which we have before advised our readers, ap- peas in the Havana pupers. The steamer will sail rom that port monthly, on the 24th for Vi Cruz, leaving that port on the 28th for Tampico: leaves Tampico on the 30th for Vera Cruz, and this port for Havana on the 5th, where she will arrive on the 9th. This will give us a monthly correspondenos with Vera Cruz.—N. 0. Picayune, July 6 ADDITIONAL FROM JAMAtCA.—We have received files of Kingston (Jamaica) papers to the 12th ult. There is but little news of intorest. The popers and the House of Delegates are en- gaged in the discussion of Ajrican emigration—not that of captured Africans, but what has been termed free emigration. The Kroomen are said to be the only Africans ad Journal recom is that one or two small vy be placed on the line between Jamaica and Sierra Leone, for the purpose of conveying these emigrants. The whole tone of the article in the Journal is me- | lancholy in the The edigor says: “But it seems fercioul to talk of inomigration of any kind. Jamaica will soon be ruined beyond re- demption. Old planters and laboring Inds are wil- ling to emigrate from this to America or Anstralia. ‘This being the case, what is the good of bringing Kroomen into it? emigrating to Navy Bay in search of employment. The account. Those who were formerly engaged inthe commercial pursuits are chartering vessels and pro- cceding, or intending to proceed, to the land which abounds in cheep rs ouh ved The Duteh schooner Hendrina, which left Kings- ton on the Sth June for Navy Bay, took forty pas sengers from that city, many of thom young men, natives of Jamaica, who have been compelled to leave the island to seek employment elsewhere. A correspondent of the ginny writing from Cla- rendon, asserts that gold exists in the mountains of Jamaica. He says that a negro who had purchase some land on the Pearce river cofteo rantati are now collecting the stuff, satisfied that they have found @ new Calijornia in their ve land, The Royal Gazette of Demorart, of the 27th of May, mentions the further arri t that place of two hundred coolie immigrants from Cakoutta, They are to be employed in the om!ture of rice, for whielt that country is eminently caloulated.—N. O. Picay une, duly 7. A Watensrorr —The Abingdon Virginian, of the 19th ultimo, mentiong the appearance of a water spout near Browu's Farnsee, in Washington county, on Wednesday, the 10th, during a heavy fall of rain. which Several workmen near the furnace. one of the party saw descending from the heevens an immense volume of water, With an exclamation of terror, he sprang from the house, his companions following him They had seareely left the building, when the aan of water descended into ® small creek ing the stream to overleap ita barri ond Mg will honee, together with the building the men hnd conlly Ocoupiod, Fortunately ae Lives wore low re ‘ocal items in the files we | ted for this purpose, and the sels | The tradesmen from this city are | e laborers on the estates aro leaving to settle on | | their own lands and to cultivate them on their own Connterfelters Arrested tn Cincinnatt, [From the Cinoinnati Commerciai, July 12) Buepicion having been ontertzined by sume of the police that at & certain Louse on Raco sireet, bee twoen Fifteenth and Liberty streets, workors in Counterfeit monoy were engaged, on Friday pie Inst, about eleven o'clock, officers Hayman, W. Harding, Dunker, Rouse, Willis and Cassidey, Went cautiously to the house whioh is t Couklin’s buildings, and at » certain door met woman whe refused admittance to them. They then burst opem z ind the field of their triumph was opomed totheir view. In tie middle of the room stood @ man who was running hot liquid metal into crap and surrounded by all manner of tools, crucibles material used in the manufacture of * bo; coin. Tho moulds were for mnking counterfuit eth and on seurching the room quite a large quantity of finished and uxfinisded pieces of this class of coin were found. We examined them particularly, aad think they are the bost imitation of silver money we have over acen. The individual arrested gave his name a4 Francis B. Bailey. Mo ackuowledgod hp was making base coin, and said ho did not know it was wrong to make it, provided be disposed of it only ag such ; that he was then making a lot for @ map named Simmons, who had frequently bought it of him—that he received one doBar in good money for every three he furnished him. A large pair of horse pistols, well loaded, lay near him, but he wae i tho olamps of the police before he could got te them. Tho woman's name is Pauline Mitchell. She stated that sho was aa guilty as he, and if he wont to tho Penitentiary, she wanted to go too. Said she assisted in making ths money, and had lived with Bailey for fivo years as his wife, though they Were not married, and that the child in her arms was theirs. Sho is a handsome quadroon—he ie white. ‘This examination was held on Saturday mo bofore S. 5. Carpenter, Esq, U. 8. that eg who committed the defendants, in default of $1,000 bail each, for trial in the U. 8. Court. In the afternoon an examination of Wm Simmons, (named above) on the charge of procuring these @: unterfeit coins to be made, took pluce before the sme comunissioner. He had been arrested in the meérning, at the ‘* Blue Anchor Hotel,’ near the corporation line, up the river road, by Hayman an@ Harding. The defendant is engagod in tho business of galvupising watcbes, &e. Bhe United States brought forward to the stand Bailey and the woman betore mentioned, whose tee- timony nearly corroborated in these facta:—That some four weeks since, Simmons came to their house, and exgaged with Bailéy that ho should mauufac- ture fifty dollars worth of these spurious dimee— that a sinall portion had been delivered to defendant —that as an inducement for Baily to make the coins, defendant suggested to him that all the danger to be apprehended was in Levene them off. The wo- man also testified, that when Simmons first applied to have the bogus mado, he said he could find ready sale for it, and wanted it aoon. It was also showa, that when tho officers were about to arrest defen- dant, he took out of his pocket two counterfeit dimes, which he passed over to another man, The residuo of the evidence was not important. The Commissioner committed dofendant in default of $500 bail, to await his trial. The counsel for the defense, Mr. Garrard, submit- ted the first case without argument, but Mr. Nortom, who was bed feb in the latter caso, made a strong effort for a discharge, grounded oe on the ques- tionable character of the witnesses for tho United States. Kossuth’s Expenses in Washington. The expenres of Kossuth in Washington, as stated in the Deficiency bill, occasioned somo discussion im tho House of Representatives, on Friday last. The Congressional Globe eays:— Now, sir, here is a bill paid to the Mossrs. Browa, hotel keepers of this city, for Louis Kossuth and his suite, of $4,566 32. For that, I never intend, know- ingly, to vote directly or indirectly. IEVERAL Voices—‘*Read the items.” Mr. Jonrs—The items are as follows:— To board for Governor Kossuth and suite, havieg ten parlors and twenty-two chambers, thirteem and a half days, twent} three persons. 588 OO h hace einaah 1 Champagne, sherry, madeira, segars, le- cast rag aK washing, poate post office stamps, porterage and messen- ere, hack hire paid at different times, legraphs, sugar, brandy, and whiskey in room, porter and ale, envelopes, bar- ber’s bill—amounting in all to Bill tor carriages engaged for Governor and suite.......... Snhebedeoebe teens ‘This a bill for twenty-three persons, during thir- teen and abalf days, amounting, I believe, to some $11 per day for each person. Then, sir, I bave here a bill furnished by the keepers of the National Hotel, at which Kossutle and his suite stopped en their return from the South, when they were paying their own expenses. I be- lieve there were then six persons; they sto) at the National Hotel, and their bill was ¢74, being $3 80 per day for each person, when they were pay- ing their own expenses, and something over $14 pee day for each person when this government was pay= ing their expenses. These are the facts, and some of the reasons, why this appropriation is asked for by the Secretary of the Senate, It is true, as I said before, that they are responsible for the manner in which this money has been expended, but— Mr. Freemax—Has the money been paid? Mr. Jones—It has been paid out of the $150,000 appropriated in the civil and diplomatic appropria- tion bill of last year. ; Mr. Freeman—Then how are you to get it back 7 (Here the hammer fell. J A Remarkapte Cask ov Loxorvity.—Mr. Ed- win Gary, the missionary of the Evangelical Home Missionary Society of Kensington, reports that he | visited a Mre. McElroy, residing: at No. 622 North Third street, who will be one hundred and eight yearsold on the 26th instant. Her maiden name was Catharine Snip. She was born in Allentown, Northampton county, Pennsylvania, on the 26th of July, 1744. She inherits he constitution of her father, who was from Germany, and lived to ba one hundred and seven years of age. She remem- bers the occurrence of” the prine pal events of the | revolution, and frequently provided food for the American soldiers. She has a distant recollectioa of General Washington. In 1790, when forty-six | years of age, shoe was marricl to John McElroy, @ revolutionary voldier, by whom she had sevea | children, four of whom are now living, two of them | being twins. She had a kably vigorous con- stitution, and often assi husband in the milf before they came to Philndelphia. She would take up a bag containing 112 pounds of flour with all ease, and place it on the back of a horse. She still retains much strength and activity, and would be taken for a woman of 60 or 70, instead of 108 yoars of age. Twenty-one years ago she received what is termed second-sight, and can now see as clearly und distinctly as ever. Sho does all her house- work; waits upon her youngest daughter, fifty-one years of age, who has been blined for throe years 1 and attends a store or shop, which they ‘keep Irtiie fronttoom. Her mrengeh, however, is be- ginning to fail, and the labor and attention re- quired of her is more than she can long endure. he daughter living with her has proporty in her own right, valued at $3,500, which some of her friends are endeavoring to sell, that she may inves6 the proceeds and receive @ more comfortable majn= tenance, without being compelled to labor go hard. | Philadelphia Ledger, Y8th inst. Murprnous AssauLt uroy A Supniy.—Shorifi Hutchisson, of Mobile, was fired at and seriously| wounded on the 50th ult., while in the discharge of his official duties. The Mobile Advertiser, of the| Ist inst , says A writ @f ouster and possession bad been placed in Mr. Hutchisson’s hands, and he was instructed te eject one Jerry Sullivan, # member of the city po lice, from a certain tenement of which he held um | lawful possession. Sullivan threatened to shoot Sheriff if he attempted to enforce the writ, and or | Mr. Hutchisson proceeding to discharge his duty, deliberately raised a double shooter and discharge} the contents of both barrels at the officer of the law ‘The shot took effect inthe breast, neck and faq, of the Sheriff, and he was immediately placed un] iedical care. Several buckshot, we understané been extracted. Tho wounds, though sevor are not thought to be very dangerous. On learning of this outrage upon an officer of th law, the city court being in session, the Judge im mediately issued a bench warrant for the arrest : sullivan, instructing the officer to use whatev moans were necessary to effect his arrost, and case of foreible resistance, to shoot bim if he cou not otherwise be taken. Officer Webb, in company with others, thoroug y armed, soon succeeded in securing Salliva ie offered no resistance after seeing the warrant Frigerrvn Accient at Batavia—A Feare Rrox.—On Thursday last, a strong and spirited hor | owned by a cartman. « very worthy man, who has reee | ly moved to that viliage, took fright at the cars and sta ed off at full gallop, Before he started, a log-chain ¢ look attached to the whiffetrees got fustoned around } log. He was iustantly snatched from the grow drawn by the chain from the railroad depot to M | strect. At thie point the horse passed the corner, ; | dashed down that street, still at fe |, to the Weat| Tfotel; then turned down an alley to barns, where wos stopped by the crowd. It was a frightful spects and tho poor fellow presented a most pitiable appeara, His clothes were literally torn off him, his tlesh shockis mangled and bruised, and one of Bis logs broken in laces. He received the kindest attention from the and bis wounds were imunediately drewed. | tanding the shock of this awful ride of abo quarter of a inile, every step of which was marked by blood, it is confidently expooted that the poor dray | wil rocover.~-Puffalo Courter, July 10, ca Eg | | |