The New York Herald Newspaper, June 16, 1852, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. FULTON AND NASSAU STS. TERMS, cash in cdronce, y HERALD. 2 cents $7 per annem, SEE DALY PEALE bern re cpt St tar Goreem: | 7 canes the Marapean Ealilen, BA per png oan parte ce Bricsin“ind'§5 9 any port f ” fethits include VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE, d fremaay arter of ‘for. Ok FORRIGN CORRESPONDENTS y ReQUSPTED omAL aut Lerress Be Continent e postage. vn eevee, oli Mipawm rug) how 9 Baie eratly prt 7 . TUR. by mail, for Subscriptions, or with Ad- wertisements, to be postpaid, or the postage will be deducted from the money remitted. NU NOTICE taken of anonymous communications, We de not return thone resected. JOB PRINTING executed with neatness, cheapness, and teh "TOV ERTISEMENTS renewed every day. Volume XVII AMUSEMENTS THIS NING. wery—Reix 4 Wires, ann or Woman's Lara, BOWERY THEATER, 3: Mayes Wire—Tanes baa BROADWAY THBATKE, Brosé¢way— Masantari0o— Warow Corse. MIBLO’S, Brosiwsy—Pasreorion—Barsy Pacer, BURTON'S THDATRE, Chambeze ctreee—Panis sup LON. WATIONAL THEA’ weT— COLUMBIA'S So: » Chatham orrees—Hares, Tae LYCBUM THEATRE, Broadway—Hamauvr. @ASTLE GARDEN- Sa: ANIEDe ASTOR PLACE OPERA WOUSE~-Dowarri's TRowrzor Peary Axmais. AMERICAN MU! mE AFTERKOOR axD CURISTY’S OPERA HOUSER. Spore xisy ay Cuniery's Mi i—ANusINe PELPORMANOmS Im ENIN Grosdway—Brmwran kes, WOOD'S MINSTRELS, Wood's Mastoe) Mail, 444 Bread- DOUBLE SHEE aday, June 16, 1852. Wew Yerk, Wed Malls for Europe. THE NEW YORK WEERLY UERALD. ‘Fhe British mail steamship Asia. Capt. Jadkin Weave this port, at noon to-day, for Liverpool moalle will close at half past The New Yous W LY Henaro will be published at half-past nine o'clock t will contain the latest news Printed in French and Engtich, pers, sixpence The Whig Convention tn Baltimore. This very important bor'y—the representatives of the whig party throughout the Unioa—meet to-day | im Baltimore. portant. will depend the future usefulness, ag well ns the will The ep o'clock this morning: Single copies. in wrap- Their proceedings will be highly im- On their conduct and on their course very existence, of the whig party, as a national party, hereafter results depend on the Southern delegates. But moro especially will these If the representatives of the South abandon the Oompromise and the Vuzitive Slave law—if they wubmit to the no-platform policy of Win. H. Seward, and assent to his candidate, General Scott, they give an impulse and a triumph to the cause of anti-slavery agitation at the North, that will not only de- molish the whig party in a few months, bat im a few years rend the Union asunder, and lead to another San Domingo in the South. If the Southern delegates—any of them—consent to the mcrifice of Fillmore and Webster in order to grat fy the abolition infuence of the North, they may ex pect a gencral execration among the frieuds «f the Compromise all over the Union. Can even Mr. Mangum or Mr. Stanly consent to immolate each men as Webster and Fillmore, or abandon the fmterests of their own constituents, to swell the victory ef Seward and abolitionists in the North? We hope for better things of every Southern whig. The telegraphic news from B @ays, will be very interesting. timore, for a few The News, The telegraphic despatches from Wachington ond Baltiwore will be read with especial interest by a! e@laeses of politicians. The different coteries were extremely busy in the latter city last night, in pre- ering for the contest to-day, which is to decide | wpon the fate of the whig party for years to come. Nearly ail our correspondents dilate upon the dat- tering prospects of the selection of a sound Compro- mise candidate—be he Webster, Fillmore, or anew man. Whether coming events will prove the correct- nese of their assertions, time musi tel!. None will be surprised, after tho fires ballot, to hear of the production of a letter from President Fillmore, dos elining in fevor of Secretary Webster. Such a pr eeeding would, doubtless. give the nomination &, the latter, and, at all events greatly enhance the prospects of Mr. F’. in the succeeding conveution. Accounts from all quarters show that (he nomina- tion of Pierce for the Presidency has been received with the most unprecedented satisfaction by the democracy. Even in Cincinnati, where much feel- ing was evinced in behalf of the late leading candi- dates of the party, a large ratification meeting was i held on Monday evening, in which a perfect unity of aentiment and the greatest enthusiasin prevailed. After cousiderable disenssion in the Senate, yess terday, the joint resolution was passed, directing the completion of a war cteamer for harbor do- fences, in accordance with the plon of Mr. Stevens. No other business of importance was transacred prior to an adjournment till Saturday. The members of the House of Representatives were not in a working humor yesterday. The whigs were too much excited with regard to their ap- ‘proaching ‘convention to think of anything else ; and the democrats were all too busy with their own party affairs, to think of thwarting the inclinations of their opponents. Consequently, after debating Mr. Bennett’s Land Distribution bill, and the Cali- fornia Branch Mint bill, the body, without arriving at n decisi¢n on either question, suspended ll far- ther operations till Friday. We are glad to perceive that the cabinet is at Jength aroused as to the atrocious depredations of Mexicans and others upon the inhabitants on the Rio Grande. Messages were yesterday sent to both houses of Congress, detailing the necessity of adopt- ing means ‘to efficiently protect the lives and pro- perty of American citizens in that quarter. It is hoped that’ this matter will be epecdily attended to The Mexican and other bandits, despite the military stationed therephave murdered, burned and robbed jong enough. ‘1 is bigh time they were dealt with as they deserve. One of our Albany correepondents gives the par- ticulare of another bléedy attaek by the anti-rent- ers. in Rensselaer county, upon a stranger whom they mistook for another person. They shot downa | that all truth is with the Catholic church. Again, | ho admits that a man may use his “ private judg- or the reason which God has given “him, in | neers who thoroughly understand their business— men who have sufficient experience and intellect to | comprehend the power of steam, and the resistance of iron—seldom or never meet with a serious mishap. | Ry a despatch from Albany, it will be soen that there are two hundred and forty-two eascs on the calendar of the Court of Appeals, the June term of which commenced yesterday. ‘Two boys, supposed to be the only survivors of the bark Fairmount, reached Norfolk yesterday. The Fairmount wasrun into and sunk on the 21st | | | planks, doubtless sunk, as nothing has since been heard of them. We publish in another eolumn the last epistle of the Mormon President, Elders, and other high functionaries of the Mormon Chuych, addressed te the Church of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) all over the world. This document contains a com- plete account of the present condition and future prospects of the Mormons in Deseret, and in that light commends itself to the consideration of all who are curious to know how this remarkabie sect are getting on in their Western home. Despatches from various points eoineide in stating | that yes®erday was by fur the warmest day of the season. “ We are rather disappointed at the lecture of Dr, | that republic. ult., by the ship Tennessee, and the captain and six | of the crew, who attempted to save themselves upon | ter of the Yankees, as they call them, and aware of their tendencies to extend the grant of an inch to the length of an ell, by theirown volition. Another | reason for this hostile sentiment to foreigners is, that the Roman Catholic clergy of Mexi¢o are tremb- lingly jealous of both English and Americans, and of their being permitted to establish any central point of influence or power within the limits of the Mexican republic. The clergy may be said to have the great controlling power aud chief influence in They possess two-thirds of the land- ed property, and at least as large a share of tho financial abilities of the country. They are landed as well as curers of souls aud superintendents of the | gate of heaven. These priests, as we have said, have a strong jealousy of foreigners, both English and Angrican, on account of their religion, knowing | possess an energetic, progressive spirit, and always | endeavor, wherever they circulate money and ia- crease trade, to put forth, at the same time, their own sentiments on huraan liberty, and on the mode | of salvation and getting into heaven. Every Con- | gress und Executive in that republic has to study | the prejudices{of this powerful class, more than any other clement existing in the country. The mass of the people are ignorant, and entirely led by the priests;'and we muy well be eonvinced that, possess is known to be. In its subject it is novel and start- ; ling—perhaps such a proposition was never started before; but, in its matter, itis stale, and only a re- hash of the same old arguments in favor of spiritual despotism. On the whole, the leeture was a failure, both as to attendance and argument. The atten- dance was small, snd the argument is a!) assump- tion. The prope sitions of one portion of it aro con- tradictory of another. Dr. question, or assumes the very thing te he proved— ining the evidences in the Holy Scriptures in favor of the Catholic church. But if his private Judgment is good in examining and determining on one point of doctrine, it is equally good on all; and this is the very essence of Protestantism. The ex- persecuters, and that the free institutions of this country can only be preserved by Catholicism, will startle some of our readers with their novelty, and make others laugh at their most outrageous absur- dity. By reference te an original article in another part of this day’s paper, under the head of “ New Build- ings in Broadway,” it will be seen that nearly two millions of dollars are already spent, or about being spent, im pulling down and building up in that eingle thoroughfare during the present year. ‘Chis fact speaks Volumes for the growth and prosperity of New York. The expenditure on hotels slone is enormous, and shows the rapid increase of visiters trom Europe and all parts of this Union to the great metropolis of the New World. Several members of tho Common Qouncil being absent at the review of the Third Brigade yoster- day, there were not sufticient members of the Board of Astistants present at six o’clock to form a quorum, and it was accordingly declared adjourned till this day at the Among the vast amount of interesting matter given in this edition of the Herary, the at- tention of the reader is directed to tho late news from Mexico; letters from Vienna, Kingston, Ja., and Boston ; theatrical and musical notices ; court reports ; city intelligence, including the Coroner's investigation of the recent stabbing affray in Mul- berry street ; financial and commercial affairs, &c. ame hour The Tehuantepec Route. The greatest uncertainty and doubt, arising from vague rumors and false information, have existed as to the action which the Mexican government Brownson, flimsy and sophistical a reasoner ashe | Brownson begs the | traordinary positions that Protestants alone are | ing this vast influence, and impelled by such mo- | tives, the priesthood will exercise their power to | prevent their government making a treaty with Mr. | Slvo, or any other alien, which would tend to the in- | troduction into Mexico of that elass of foreigners | 80 hostile to their vested rights and privileges, and the propegation of whose sentiments would be so | detrimental to their interests There is no power at present in Mexico antago- nistic to that of the clergy, except, in some degree, the military and commercial classes. Bat the com- mercial interest is feoble and isolated, and the mili- tary or political interest has far less popular intha- ence than that wielded by the clergy. Every | government, therefore, even though it may ow» its existence to military pronunciamentos—which are, in fact, a species of military organization—depends, nevertheless, for its popularity, fur ite success, and | for its continuance, on the good will of the great clerical body, which exercises the principal power in the Mexiean republic. With these views, and knowing from the best sources the history ef the recent proceedings in Mexico, we are strongly tempted to doubt the story that Mr. Sloo has now succeeded in procuring from the Mexican government a grant for the con- struction of a railroad or canal across the Isthmus of Tohuantepec, asthe New Orleans journals rep- resent. Our information is altogether of a dif ferent character, and we haye as yet seen nothing but vague assertions to the centrary thereof. Kossuth and bis Mission. The funny debate in the British House of Lords, on Korsuth, Pulszky, and Baroness Von Beck, re- minds us that although the poor Baroness may be in Heaven, yet the other two personages are in this city, making ready to return to Europe and begin the great revolution. We had almost forgotten they were hore, till reminded of the fact by the House of Lords and the London press, and the fact that Kossuth has suddenly left the Irving House, where he has been very quiet. What is in the wind? Kossuth, though preserving the appearance of quiet and repose at his hotel, was not altogether idle. He hasbeencounting over bis $150,000, which his organs say he has realized as the fruits of his six months’ tour and six hundred speeches in the United States; and he findsthe money all good. He isquite satistied with thisforthe great cause, and henow pro- poses to raise a fund for some poor Hungarians, who are on their way to this country. We learn that, a day or two ago, the Mayor and some literary ladies of this city waited on him as adeputation to request would take in relation to the much contested ques tion of the right of way across tho Isthmus— whether they would carry out the Garay treaty, or enter into a new contract with Mr. Sloo, or break off all negotiations with foreigners, and give the consiruction of the proposed railway or canal to Mexican citizens. We have already given accounts ef the correspondence on the subject, which tock place between President Arista and President Fillmore, and in which the intelli- gence was communicated by President Arista to our President 2t Washington, that Mexico had entirely refused to ratify the Tehuantepee treaty, and the grant made to Mr. Garay to carry out its objecta. But, at the same time, it was intimated that the Mexican government, in refusing to adhere to these stipulations, did not mean to deny their entire wil- lingness to form some sort of a treaty with the Ame- rican government for the opening of a road across | the Isthmus, which would be advantageous to com- mercial interests, and free to the whole world. Since that time we have received a great deal | of equivocal intelligence, through the New Or- Jeans journals, respecting the movements of Mr. Sloo, formerly of Cincinnati and Washington, and well known for his previous operations in rela- tion to steam line: across the Isthmus of Panama, in | which My. Law was equally interested with him, | These reports by the way of New Orleans, whieh are | only sometimes reliable, state that Mr. Sloo has } succeeded in effecting a coutract with the govern- ment of Mexico, for the establishment by him of a communication across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and that the contract has been agreed to by the Mexican Legislature. We are much disposed, how- evef, tg doubt the truth of this statement. Our di- ject information from the city of Mexico, coming from a most authentic quarter, gives a different in- terpretation and meaningto the action of Mexico, and to the chances of Mr. Sloo’s success. Wo are thus informed, in explicit and positive terms, that the Mexican Legislature, or at least one branch of it, whieh is quite sufficient, had refused to grant any right of way, or enter into any contract or arrange- ment with Mr. Sloo or any foreigner, but that they had passed a general law—in which the President had concurred—reserving the right pf way and com- plete sovereignty to the Mexican government, which was authorized to make such a contract with such parties as would most regound to the interests, safety» tnd honer,.of the Mexican republic. Possibly Mr Sloo may have made somé propositions, or entered nto some negotiations under this law, and some prospects may be held out to him of # certain cha- racter, which may have led to the announcement in the New Orleans journals; but thus far we are with- out any athentic information, or positive facte, which could lead us to believe that he has succeeded in obtaining anything like the grant therein as- sorted. Our recent correspondence from the City of Mex- ico, embracing the last act of the Mexican Congress onthe subject of the Tehuantepec right of way, throws more additional light on the matter. This act, if subjected to a strict construction, reveals the fact, that if it is designed to cover the rumored privileges of Mr. Sloo, they are not worth having. Nor does the act in question exhibit the spirit of Mr. Wait, who was on a visit to the house of Mr. Vining, and then, after mutilating the horses in the stable, decamped, and up to last evening had not been arrested. If there is law in the land; @ime villains should be made to feel the effects of it. Their numerous atrocitig are terrible mementoes of the horrible effects of practical socialism, as advo- cated by one or more of the leading journals of that idk in this city. Three more persons lost their lives yesterday, by steamboat explosion on Lake brie. How much Jonger time will elapse prior to the passage of the bill now before one branch of Congress for the better socurity of life on board of vessels propelled by steam? That the present laws relative to this question are utterly defective and useless, is rendered apparent from the fact that theée awful casualities generally | occur on dilapidated or illy managed boate—where- | conciliation and compromise on the part of Mexico towards citizens of the United States, shadowed forth in the recent publication of Mr. Ramirez, the Minister of Relations. The act distinctly states that in all cases, natives will be preferred to foreign- ers, and that the government of Mexico must con- stitute one of the partners to the contract, which has first to be submitted for the approval of the General Congress. It furthermore enjoins upon all foreigners who may be associated in the enter- prise, to relinquish, in advance, all claims against the repaplie, growing out of its bad faith or in- justice. that he would give a lecture on Hungary, at Tripler Hall, for the purpose of making a provision for these persons; and he has consented to do so, baving previously made up his mind that it would be a very proper exercise of patriotic duty, according to the doctrine of St. Paul, who, in one of his epis- tles, says:—‘'Tle that provideth not for hisown family is worse than an infidel, and hath denied the faith.” It seems that there has been a dispute between Kossuth and some members of the Revolutionary Hungarian Committee, relative to the possession ef the $150,000 which he has bagged, according to the confessions of his own organs. He insists upon hay- ing the exclusive control of this money himself; but they differ in opinion with him. Kossuth diifers with their opinion and holds to his own, and, hay- ing got possession, he is determined to keep it. In this we think he is perfectly right. He hasthe best claim to themoney. He has worked hard for it— harder than a negro driver—harder even than Jenny Lind, who only gave one hundred and fifty concerts for the same sum of money, whereas he has given six hundred speeches for it; and it is, after all, only an average of $2508 picee for them allround. Yetit was a better speculation than that of the Swedish Nightingale—for he has made $150,000 in six months, and she das been three times six months making $150,000. Besides, she has paid all the ex- penses of herself and suite, but Kogsuth has paid none. He has the $150,000 net, and himself aud suite have travelled and lived scot freo, as it was fit he should do, having been invited to this country by the resolutions of Congtess, and a ship of war having been sent to convey him, under the shadoy of the star-spangled banner, to the “home of the brave and the land of the free.” It istrue that the hotel keepers ought to be paid for the good living they supplied, including wine, segars, and the opera- tions of the barber, which appear to be a very heavy item in the bills everywhere. Several of these bills ore still unpaid—one in Cincinnati especially. But we hold that this is not the fault of Kossuth. Congress is responsible, and an appro- priation ought to be made immediat ly to wipe off this national debt. Kossuth has well carned the $150,000, and he hasa right to keep it. He has not only the right, but he shows considerable tact in maintaining it, after the lesson before him in the Flemish account of the $40,000 collected in 1848 to revolutionize Ireland, and placed in the bands of a revolutionary committee or directory, for that purpose. Some of the memb6¥s of that com- | mittee are members of the present Hungarian com- miitee, and Koseuth determined they should not get his money under their thumb. Nobody has ever | heard of the whereabouts of this Irish fund since, | though all kinds of inquiries have been made abcut it. But where does the reader suppose it has been during all this time 2 We have just found out the se- | ret, and no doubt the information will provo high- ly edifying and instructive to that class of men | who are proverbial for casily parting with their cash. It has been, then, for the last three year® loaned on five per cent stocks, and in the hands of a money broker in Wall street, shaving notes, and making a profit of thirty per cent, which, on $40,- 000, would be $12,000 a year, or a sum total, in three years, of $36,000. Such is the patriotic use made of the money of the Irish citizens of New York, and the friends of Ireland. We know the name of the broker who holds it—his relationship to members of Proprietors, baukers, brokers, and money lenders, | very well that the Protestants of both countries | as, on the first class and well-managed steamors, an , rieans. They esteem thom as peculiarly dangerous, | Turkey, leaving the muskets, the men, aud even property formerly acquired by tho clorgy in Italy, aceident of the kind very rarely happens. Engi- | well knowing the enterprising and energetic charac- | Hungary itself, to fall into the hands of the enemy. Now, he has no men and he does not want any mus- ket. As for the bondholders, they never exneoted to be paid, and do not complain. Thoy cheerfully | gave the money, either to get a puff in the newspa- | | pers, or to have the privilege of hearing the great | | speech maker of Hungary. Kossuth is a shrewd | one after all. Ina short time Kossuth intends to leave New | York for Liverpool and London. In the latter me- | | tropolis he will take up his residence, wait and watch | | for the great revolution te break out, and then, with | | his €150,000, give it a direction that will upset all | ihe despots of Eurepe in one fell swoop. | The Temporalities of the Catholic Church— Whe Decrees of the Counel! of Baltimere, Woe briefly adverted, a few days ago, to the Pas- | toral Letter of the First Council of the Catholic | Church in the United States, to “the venerable brethren of the clergy, and beloved children of the | Inity;” but the document is one of such vast im- | | portance, involving as it does so many considerations | affecting the present position and fature pregress of Catholicism in North America, and influenging, perhaps, the mighty destiny of the country itself, that it calls for more than a passing notice. We therefore deem it our duty to return to the subject, and point out in detail the dangerous tendency ofthe principle first broschod by Archbishop Hughes, and new s0 broadly and emphatically asserted by all the bishops in Council assembled. Itis the beginning of the end—the commencement of the same spirit of despotism that, in the ancient church, began ky changing the voluntary principle of Christianity into a compulsory support of the bishops and elergy, who proceeded step by step till they grasped not ouly ehurch property and temporalities, but the whole political power of the old Roman Empire in her decline, aud of Europe after tho close of that cupire, aad even has aimed at @he universal do- minion of the habitable globe ever since. It is curious to trace the rise and progress of the pewer of bishops in the history of Christianity. At first, bishops were simply pastors of churches—that is, each bishop was the minister of a congregs- tion, elected by the people, and subject to be deposed by the people for misconduct. He was indifferently ealled bishop, ‘*episkopos,” or presbyter (elder), ‘* presbuteros.” The only other officers of a church wero the deacons—lay- men—answering to the modern trustees; and their business-was to attend to the temporal concerns of the congregation. In these times the clergy neither had nor wished to have the management of the tom- poralities. Each congregatioa was a distinct chureh, independont of all external control, and there was no such thing as an aggregation of churches being called a church, as we find at the present day. The word translated ** church” is ‘* ekk/esia,” and means assembly, or congregation; and it has the same meaning in Greek profane authors, who applied it to the regularly called meetings of the people. There is no fact more evident in the writings of the in France, in Spain and in England; and we know that at tis moment two-thirds of the rea, j estate of Mexico aro in the hands of the clergy. Hence the political degradation and misery of that country. Will the Catholic laity of the United States permit the same blighting influence to pros- trate them in the dust, and to sap the very founda- tions of republican freedom’? If they do not resist now, it may one day, perhaps, be necessary for Con- grees, or the different State Legislatures throughout the country, to curb the rampant ambition of this spiritual despotism, which has always sought to put the people and all civil government beneath its feet. Lhe Pastoral Letter states that, in days gone by, there has been great ‘forgetfulness of the extent of the authority which the bishops exercise;” and among the melancholy causes of this oblivion, is enumerated ‘the attempt to apply to the Catholic Church, in the administration of the temporalities belonging to™her, principles and rules foreign to her spirit, and irreconcilable with tho authority of her pastors.” Well, then, let us seo what this “authentic declaration” says:— “Whatever is offered to God, and solemnly con to his service, whether it be the material temple in which his worshippers assemble. or the ground set apart for the interment of thore who repose inVod’s field, awaiting the romised resursection, or property. real or 1. i ended for the purpore of Divine service or for the tion, support and maintenance of the clergy—ever; thing issacced. and belongs to the church, and cany withdrawn from the service of God without the guilt of sacrilege. ‘The donor or donors of such gifts can exer- cise no right of ownership over them, With these tem- poral things, (hus separated from common purposes. and set apart for the fervice of the sanctuary, the church cannot allow any interference that is not subordinate to her authority. ‘Ihe bishop of each diocess is the rep- Teeeutatave and organ of that anthority, and, without hie function, Do arrangement, howsoever in ilself of a purely temporal nature, that has reference to religious worsbip, has, or cap have. force or validity. Whenever the bishop decmn it advisable lo cequiesce in arrangements for the administration of church temporaiitics which have not originated with the ecclesiastical authority, or which may have arisen from ignorance of its right’, or froin a apiril of opposition to them, we declare that euch ar- rangements have force and efleet in the Catholic charch, in consequence of such acquiesence, and not from any other cause or principle wha ’ This is pretty plain and candid. ‘The bishops and clergy have not cnongh of authority, and they want more. And this, they say, has led, a3 might be expected, to the disturbance of peace and harmony. Nothing can be mero truce. From the beginning of the world till tho present hour, the enuse of all disturbances, whether in the fimily circle, the church, or the State, is the love of Power, which grows by what it feeds apon, and ever desires more, more, more. Nearly all the in- testine wars, and many of the foreign wars, that de- selated the nstions since tho introduction of Chris- ianity, have had their origin in the desire of the rulers of thechurch to possess more powor; not that Christianity is the cause,or givos any warrant for this ambition, but, on the contrary, ignores it in every doctrine and precept of the Now Testament. ‘‘ Per the purpose of guarding against the recurrence of such evils,” the bishops say, ‘‘ they deem it acces- sary to make apublis and authentic devlaration of Cathelic prineiples on this important subject.” In other words, they make this innovation in the prac- New Testament, and from those fragments of the history of the primitive churches still preserved, than tho independence of each congregation. Such wasthe simple democratic republican principle o church government in the first dawn of Christianity. In process of time, the clorgy held assemblies, or synods; and by a sort of courtesy, the bishops of the most important cities were called to preside at these conventions, which were always held in such cities. What was at first conceded as a courtesy, afterwards grew into a pretended: right, and tho bishops of Rome, Antioch, Constantinople, and Alexandria, were called primates and metropolitans, and at last patriarchs, instead of simple bishops (episkopoi), which only meant overseers, or tiese who watched over the flock—in fact, pastors, er shepherds of souls. The next step in the progress of the spiritual hier- archy, was the creation of diocesan bishops, giving them the rule over the clergy of a diocess. But oven at this time, the Bishop of Rome never pretend- ed to or dreamt of any superiority over the bishops of the churches of the other cities we have named, nor of any jurisdiction over any church or bishop in the world. In fact, the innovation began with ano- ther city, and that only in the end of the sixth cen- tury. {n 588, John of Constantinople, the antitype of John of New York, assumed the title of ‘ Uni- versal Bishop,” and the title was confirmed by a council of that time, in seesion in said city. The successor of John assumed the same title. Gregory the Great,” who was then Bishop of Rome, took um- brage at the boldness of the Bishop of Coastanti- nople, in assuming a title which, in point of pre- cedence, belonged to Rome, if to any city, but which his conscience would not permit him to take. Gregory died in the year 604 of the Christian cra, and Boniface, his successor, not only had no scruple to take the title, but actually sought it from the Emperor Phocas, with the piviloge of transmitting it to his successors. The profligate emperor, to gratify the ambition of his court syeophant, de- prived the Bishop of Constantinople of the title, and conferred it ou Boniface, in the year 606, at the same time declaring the Church of Rome to bo the head of all other churches. Previous to this, the Bishop of Rome had acquired great power and influence; but this was driving home the wedge which had been inserted long be- fere. The Emperor Constantine, in the beginning of the fourth century, was the first to establish Christianity as a etate engine, and te make it a thing ef this world. He succeeded emperors who Persecuted the faith, which seemed to flourish the more for being oppressed, and to be only corrupted and contaminatod by its contact with the state. He gave liberty to his subjects te make bequests to the church, and set @ liberal examplo himself. Constantius succeeded Constantine, and favored Arianism. Julian, called ‘‘the Apostate,” suc ceeded him, and not only placed Paganism on an equal footing with Christianity, but discouraged the latter in every way. Jovian succecded Julian in 963,{and established Christianity again; and from thie time Paganism appeared to die away. But what the faith of the Nazarene gained in tem- poral power, it lost in purity and effulgenee. At this time there was a decided increase in the in- fluence of the Bishop of Rome. We are informed by the historian that he surpassed all his brethren in the magnificence and splendor of the church over which he presided—in the riches of his revenues and poesessions—in the number and variety of his minis- tere—in his credit with the people, aud in his sump- tuous and splendid manner ef living. This led Pratextatus, a heathen, who was magistrate of the city, to say, ‘make me Bishop of Rome, and I, too, will be a Christian.” Thus the power of the Bishop of the Eternal City gradually increased, till at length, in 606, he was invested with the title and authority of ‘‘ Universal Bishop.” But ambition did not stopeven here. The power and influence of the now Universal Bishop went on increasing, till finally he became, a Pope, and the Pope became a temporal sovereign, wielding a epi- ritual pewer which received homage of nearly the whole world, and was mere like the impdsture of Mahomet than the religion of Jesus of Nazareth. How different the sovereign pontiff, claiming to be “vicar of Jesus Christ on earth,” clothed with royal* power, and surrounded with all the pomp and lux- ury of regal state, from the author of Christianity, the Directory, and all the circumstances of the case, and we shall take an carly opportunity of giving the public @ eomplete revelation of the whole mattor. let it go to a shaver in Wall stroet. Nor has be in- yosted it in muskets or Cincinnati saddles, as has been reported. This was allhumbug. George Law hedid not want them. He holds the money in hard cash, and will not part with it, He does not require murkets, for this reason—that when he bad 155,000 of It is well known that the government and people of Mexico are extremely jealous of permitting fo- reigners from any country to get a foothold in that County; but thie is expecially true as regards Aue- | them, with 125,000 men behind them, in Hung | and parks of artillery, oud two of the atrongost fo | tresses in the world in possession of these t | got Srightened atthe Ryssians, and iD away to Kossuth very wisely keeps his moncy, and will not | who had not where te lay his head, and from the | fisherman of Galilee, St. Peter, said to be the first | Bishop of Rome, who declared, when asked for an alms, ‘‘silyer and gold have I none,” and in one of | his epistles exhorts the bishops to “ feed the flock of God, not taking the care of them for filthy lucre, | neither as being lords over God's heritage, but as waited on him to talk about the 100,000 muskets: but | examples to the flock"! Net only do bishops now | or political influence, claim to be called lords temporal and spiritual, bat » Very same tendency is the character of the gre-ping ambition and avarice of ecclosinstics in the United Sintes, threatening to absorb the property of (be people, and perhaps to establish a new pope- We know the extent of the | dom in our midst. tice of the Catholic @hurch in tho United States—aa innovation that gives them enormous power, and strips the laity of every vestige of control over the tomporalities of tho churches to which thoy belong; and, in order to make it-go down, they call it ‘‘Ca- tholie principles,” of which they make ‘an authen- tie declaration.” Who gave them this authority, orwhat makes their declaration authentic in this republic? The modesty of the agrarians voting themselves a farm can only afford a parallel to the bishops voting themselves the whole tem- poralities of every Catholic Chureh in the United States. It has always been laid down asa Catho- lie principle, that it is only a General Council, with the Pope at its head, that can make any authentic declaration of Catholic principles. Indi- vidual bishops, and even assemblages of bishops, . are liable to err; and the assemblage at Baltimore having no more exemption from fullibility than others, we are at a lozs to know whence they derive the authenticity of their deelaration, particularly as it is one to sgeremiise themselves at the expense of the iste hether their declaration will have the effect ey anticipate, of producing ‘peace and harmony,” wo know not ; but if it should, it would be a sad evidence of the progress of spiritual des potism, and its influence over the minds of the peo- pis: It would be the peace of the grave, where the dependence ef the laity was buried. Position or ENGINEERS ON Board Unirep States Wag Sreamers.—We have heard frequent and well founded complaints made in various quar- ters, of the disagreeable position which engineers in the Ameriean navy occupy. The old salt tar com- modores look with no favorable eye on those civil officers—as they are called—who, from tho nature of their avocations, arc, ina great measure, exempt from their control and orders; and they vent their foclings of disappointment by subjecting them to sundry little annoyances and vexatious interferences. The rest of the naval officers proper, down to the middy, fresh from his mama’s apron strings, take their cue from the captain, and exhibit to the engi- heers, in a varicty of ways, the feelings they bear to- ward them. The affect to look down with contempt upon the corps, of whom they speak as mere trades- men, dirty mechanics, and totally unfit to stand on terms of intimacy with them. This treatment is» of course, galling to mon so far the superiors of these sprigs of gentility, and who fecl an honorable pride in being the artificers of their own fortunes, and not dependent for their position on political in- fluence, or sycophancy, at head quarters. But the naval authorities themselves foster this sentiment in the service, by not allowing to enginoers the tame rank whieh they occupy even in the British navy, where aristocracy is dominant. Chief engi- neere are rated lower in grade than pursers and surgeons; and it is this which, ina great measure, contributes to the unpleasantness of their situation. Another cause of complaint is, that by the exist- ing law, the number of enginoors is so limited that they are always kept on active service, either in war, navy yard, or coast survey steamers, and cannot enjoy the privileges accorded to other ponnl, of the service, of returning to their familied at the termination of a cruise. The means proposed to remedy this unjust state of things, is the introduction of a bill into Congress, to which many men of influence have promised their support and advocacy. Thie bill proposes to ang- ment the number of engineers, and to create a new rank—that of Inspeetor of Machinery, one of whom should be appointed to each navy yard, and selected out of the class of chief engineers. By this means, the latter offlcer would not be compelled, as he now is, on the return of his ship from a cruise, to re- main with her and direct repairs, &c., but should be at liberty to proceed to his family, and continue on furlough till he is again ordered to sea. The bill has also reference to the rank which engineers tball hold in the gervice. It provides that such in- spectors of machinery and chief engineers shall take rank with surgeons and pursers; first assistant engineers with masters; second, with passed mid- ehipmen, and third, with midshipmen; in all cases ac- cording to date of warrant or commission. It is to be hoped that this bill will not be defeated by aristo- cratic influence at head quarters, but that the deserts of that learned, able, and practical class of men who compose the emgineer department of our navy, will be recognized by the government, as they are by the popular sentiment. In this repub- lic, enterprise, diligence and mechanical skill hold their proper rank in public estimation; but in our navy, sentiments of an opposite chwracter are too prevalent. There, this democratic principle is re- versed, and men with no brains or abilitios, who ined their rank by flunkeyism o peleal etetae om held in higher considera- tion than those who owe their position to their own skil), study and practical habits. It is time that , THE AUSTRALIAN Movaaunt AND vs Resuurs.ed The recent intelligence frou England describes state of excitement (heiv, and a wholesale tion going forward with che utmost activity, in consequence of the geld discoveries in Australia, which are every day becoming more and more ase tounding ; and these dcscriptions of the Londo papers present the vory samo scenes on another stage, that were enacted here when the news first arrived that the precious motal, which is the object of a uni- versal passion among mankind, could be obtained directly in Califorais, by digging out of the bowels of the earf, in fur greater quantities in the same space of time than ii could be procured by indireo§ means, and through the oidiuary avocations of life. This gave a wouderiv! spring to exertion, and ex. cited the most intousc x to emigrate to the land of gold. Theemigrat 1s enormous from all parts of the United States, and s\ vas been ever since going abead. Fathers left iho childven, husbands aban doned their wives, ard many persons surrendered highly remunerative employnents, inorder tomake & more rapid fortune in the wines. Thousands of per- sons in small businos cold out, iu order to pay theist expenses to the Lew SL f 2, and to invest the balance in mining oper: or, what paid ag well, commercial and mercantile speculations. The whole current of trade and couserce was directed towards the Pacific. The same resulis are now preduced im England in referenes te her Australian colony. But there was eeother result. It was found in the United States thai sailing vessels could not meet the demand, or ho swift enough for the hot haste of men to! become suddenly rich. A line of steamers to California wae hamediately got up, and another followed, and y added new steam- ebips, till now the A nd Pacific are black with them, and they are ontinunily increasing. The same effect will be produced in England. Sailing vessels will not bo fas! enough to convey the eager, keen gold hunters to thei tination. Steam will be {brought under contvibution, and new lines of steamzhipe will be established from England te Aus- tralia. Already there is one in oporation for half the distance. ‘Tiere is ‘he Wost India Mail line di- rect from Londen (o Congres, and all that is wante ed is a line of stenuiers en the Pacific from Syduey,. to meet this line vt tho o bor side of the Isthmus, just as the San Pr: lines of stouraors meet the lines from New York. ‘uthe still waters of the Pa- cific they can steam iifleen miles an hour, and per- form the distance very rap dly A recent occurrence will besten this eonsumma- tion. The last news tha: bad wrrived in England, by a sailing vessel, frou Sydiey direct, is dated Janu- ary 28d. The las! intelligence that had reached at the same time from Syducy, by wey of Valparaiso and New York, was dated the 20:h of February: This news was brovg': tom Sydney to Valparaiso by a Brilsh sailiny: ol, ead affer being delayed for several days there ‘or so English steamer to connect with Panams, it reached England by way’ of New York in a shevter time, by four weeks, than by the other route. iho reute from London to’ Chagres or Navy Bay direct, and from Panama direct to Sydney, is of course still shorter; and with a line of » ~ in the Pacifie ocean, the passage could be accomplished in about three weeks, or, nt mosi, between three and four, from the Isthmus to Australia, thus reducing the whole distance between london and Sydney to about six weeks—-ce:tainly not exceeding seven— instead of the former passuges of four and five months by sailing vees!s. The excitement in Pagland will stimulate this on- terprise into immediuie existence; and when the line is completed, it will, on the other hand, stimu- late the excitement. ond give a new impetus to the emigration to Australia, whose increase will more than keep pace with (J. means of transit, so that it will be necessary to 1un auother line. For years the current of British emigration will flow steadily onward, swelled by tributary streams from the cone tinent, and every hous inercusing in volume, till at. last a revolution of the :nost momentous and extra- ordinary character will bo accomplished in Australia. Nor will the effect be less isfluential on the des- tinies of England aud Murope generally. The restless, ambitious, plo(ting, revolutionary spirits, who are bent on overthrowing dynasties and. thrones, will find a more protiiable ‘ficld for their efforts, and s wider scope for their love of adventure, in the wild mountains and mines vf the British colony. The enterprising, go-ahead part of the population, 8o dangerous to tyranuy, will be carried off, and the spirit of revolution will expend itself in digging out gold in Australia, instead of digging out kings, and emperors, and autocratsat home. Those gold dis- coveries of Australia and Cnlifornia, therefore, will Prove @ safety-valve to let off the superfluous gas which might otherwise burst the boilers, and blow up the framowerk of several governmentsin Europe. KossvTn — ExrraokpinaRy ANNOUNCEMENT.— Last evening, at a very late hour, a slip of the fol- lowing extraordiuary arnouucement was seut ue from the 7) idune offi Gov. Kossuth bas rem: the private boarding hous d from the Irving House to uf Mrs. Cornell, No, 52 East Sixteenth street, where he Will probably remain until he starts for Europe. On Monday evening, Gor. K. will de- liver a lecture in the Broadway Tanernacle, the Proceeds of which will be for the benefit of his mother sisters, who are now on the route to this country, and will join him at his present lodgings on their arrival, Musical and Theatrical, To-day @ number of artists proceed hence in the steam- thip Asia. to Burope, Signor Benedetti, the first fine tenor we had in New York afier the exquisite Garela, and his excellent Iady, Madamo Truffl Benedetti, are among the number, They are much esteemed mmong musical circles here, and their talent and genius have done more to establish the Italian opera in its commencement, in this country, than perhaps any other two pursens since the era of the great Malibiau. They do mot intend to remain in Europe, but, after a hort sojourn, will return to the United States. ‘Truff has stood very high as ay artist, and was a great favorite. The same observation applies to Benedetti. Mire Cushman, accompanied by Miss Anderton, whom she much esteems, will also proceed, to-day, to Europe, where she will give a farewell round of performances in those places where she has been so well received before. Parodi, who gave two concerts in Philodetphia, et $1 each, returned to Europe a few days ago. 80, also, did Miss Davenport. Mr. Brabam has recenily given two successful concerts in Philadelphia—tickets at fifty conté—one rather private, and the other public. Madame Bouchelle was one of the attractions, and was much applauded for her sclentific execution, by good judges of music. The conoert was much enhanced by the addition of a full orchestra and the Philadelphia Band. On Tucsday week, be proposes to give another concert, accompunicd by Miss Kitchings. In July Mr, B. proposes to give u series of concerts at Cape May, astisted by Miss Ritchings. Madame Alboni will give her first concert on the 234 inst., at Metropolitan Hall The price of the tickets is not fixed yet. The whole fashionable and musical world are on the gui vive tonttend her début. We have fre- quently seen and beard Alboni, both in Paris and Lon- don, in some of her best characters, and she is traly both exquisite and magnificent, by turns, as a voealist or as an actress, Great curiosity exists to hear her. Mrs, Sixcuam iv tHe Farncn Drama.—Last evening Mre, Catherine Sinelair (late Forrest) appeered at the Lyceum Theatre, in a French piece entitled Ee est folle, (She's mad,) in which she played the charapter of Lady Anna, It was @ somewhat novel experiment, bat she was- Jed to attempt it as well from her familiavity with the French tongue, which she speaks as fluently and purely as. an educated Parisian, as from her desire to manifest her gratitude to Mr. Robert Kemp— the beneficiary on the oo- casion—-to whom she was indebted for lessoms in the dra- matic art, The novelty of the experiment, and the re-. putation which Mrs, Sinclair has acquired in her very short career as an actress, created a great desire among the French population iu this city, and those who under, stand the language, to see how she woul? perform the arduous taek she had undertaken. The private bexes were sold by auction in the morning, and brought twelve and thirteen dollars each, ‘The orchestra seats were, also: sold in the same way, at two dollars each, and the asmade to undergo @ purgation in this jeden fe we hope thet an eflicient bill will be | respect; ; jorred, of the nature of that alluded to, by which the Mreat services and tslent® of the engincer corps | oil be recognized and properly appreciated. prices to the other portions of the house were doubled: The attendance was large, though not inconveniontly co. The boxes prerented a very brilliant dleplay, being filled with handrome, well dveseed ladies, and the par. quette also contained good numbers. We noticed in one