The New York Herald Newspaper, April 29, 1852, Page 7

IMPORTANT OFFICIAL DOCUMENT ON THE PRODUCTION or GoLp AND SILVER, 1492 to 1852. The following paper on the question, especially interesting at this juncture, of the probable produe- tion of the precious metals in Europe, America, and part of Asia, since the discovery of the New World, is from the pen of an able officer of the Treasury Department at Washington, whose previous pursuits have rendered the subject somewhat familiar to him, and was written in answer to a semi-official inquiry made at the Department by a member of Congress. It is on extremely interesting compilation from the best authoritics, and it has bebn done with a learned earefulness that may entitle it to much consideration with our readers :— TO THE HONORABLE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. March 18, 1852. Sir:—In the agp submitted, as to the aggre- gate production of gold and silver in the different ere of the world, the authorities of McCulloch, lumboldt, and Jacobs, have been consulted; and although the latter enters more diffusely into the subject than the others, and comments upon the in- fluence of the supply of the precious metals upon the prices of other commodities at a very carly age, none of them furnish anything in the 8! ape of fig- ures approaching an estimate of the annual preduc- tion of gold and silver, at any period anterior to the year 1492, nor of the production, iflany, of China or other parts of southern Asia, nor indeed of any other parts of the world, than will be found included in this inquiry. Humboldt cites various authorities in regard to the annual production, from 1492 to 1803, and com- monts upon the degree of credit to which each may be entitled, and terminates with his own estimate of the value of the precious metals derived from America, as follows :— (a) From 1492 to 1500, average _$250.000 2.000.000 © 1500 to 1545, _9,000.000 185,000,009 “ 1545 to 1600, —11,000000 _715.000.000 * 1600 to 1700, ~—-16.000,000 _1.600,000,000 “ 7700 to 1750, ~—-22.500.000 1,125,000.000 “1760 to 1803,“ 35,300,000 1,870,900,000 MOU rcrecsessecscesseeeees ++eee $5,447,900,000 Humboldt further observes that at the commence- ment of the present century the annual product of the American minos was $43,500,000, an (b) That at the same period those of Saxony, Hungary, and northern Asia, were $5,000,000 ; and that at the same period the proportions of gold to bi were in Europoas 1 to 40, and in America as to 46. (©) McCulloch says, that from 1800 to 1810, the roduce of the American mines was considerably inereased. If we construe the expression ‘* con- siderably” so as to admit of six and a half millions being added to Humboldt’s estimate (b.) above the averago for 1803 to 1809 inclusive, 1801 and 1802 being already included in (a), we have a farther product in those seven years of $350,000,000. @) But according to the same author, the ro- strictions growing out of the revolutions in South America caused an abandonment of many of the mines, and a great falling off in the production of others; and Jacobs, who collected and compared all the attainable evidence on the subject, estimates the annual produce of all the American mines for the twenty years, from 1810 to 1829 inclusive, at only £4,036,038, or at 4s. per dollar, at $20,180,190. (@) Since Jacobs’ work (1831,) says McCulloch, ** farther returns have been received from the Brit- ish consuls in South America, &c., which show a eonsiderable increase in the produce of late years,” and he proeceds to estimate, by various authorities, the annual product of Mexico and South Amer: to have been (1542) ee Assuming this average for the years 1830 to 1352, inclusive, tho amount is $676,330,000. (f) In 1880 the gold washings of Siberia produced only six poods in weight, but this production, ne- eording to McCulloch, including those of the Oural mountains, increased until, in the year 1842, the amount reached 971 poods, and the total from 1830 to 1842, inclusive, is stated at 2,094 poods, equiva- lent to £46 142, 6d. per pound English, troy weight, and, at 4s. to the dollar, to $23,389'955 Bat in the appendix to McCulloch's latest edition we find another statement of the same production from 1837 to 1846, inclusive, amounting (at 4s. to the dollar) to $90,806,500 and he adds that the gross produce of 1847 was greater than 1346, by ten per eent, and that he believes that of IS8 and 1349 was still greater, further remarking that the offi- cial returns cannot of course be entirely relied upon, quantities, admitted to be considerable, are not reported, that the government duty may he evaded. 'o obtain anything approaching a reliable res: from these two averages, mingled as one peviod o time is with the other, is almost impossible; but if, in aceordance with McCullodh’s opinion, we ad 10 per cout only to the produce of 1816, (£3,41,- as the annual produce of the five years, 1547 to 1851, inclusive, we make the gross produce from 1837 to 1351, inclusive, at 4s, to the dollar, to be $154,- 691,500; to this sum should be added that part of MeCulloch’s tirst estimate, which is not included in his second, (1820—"36,) which would be 7-13ths there- ef; but considoring the very limited production of ears, 4-13ths is eonsidered sufficient, v $6,889,500, which would make the entire gross pro- duct from 1830 to 1851, inclusive, $191,581,000, or nearly nine millions per annum. (g) McCulloch states that Russie produces some silverworth about $1,000,000 per annum, but for what year or how long he does net state. It may be sufficient for our purposes to average this produc- tion at one million per annum from 1830 to 1851, inelusive. (h) The same author remarks that th: are no Tecent reliable accounts, by which to estimate the present (1842) produce of Hangers Saxony, North- ern Agia, &c., but he thinks it may be pat down at 50,000 perannum. Yet very recent newspaper intelligence puts down the produce-of Austria alone at 600,000 ducats. Perhaps the average production en 1803, may be estimated at $4,000,000 an- a i (The production of gold in the United States is of very reeent date, and wae at first confined to Georgia and Carolina ; but more recently, the almost fabulofs sgt el ok of California have placed the country at the head of all gold ducing countries hitherto known ; the deposits @ such gold at the Mints of the United States, during the year 1851, having exceeded sixty millions of dollars! By the returns of the Mint and branches of the United States to the close of the year 1851, it appears that the deposits therein for coinage:of native gold were, from 1504 to 1851, inclusive, ae‘follows:— California gold..... All other domestic gold. $15,855,000, Total.... seeeeeeereees $114,263.00 (j) There are no means of ascertaining what amount of gold, from the sources indicated above, was exported or applied to manufacturing purposes 5 but.on the first discovery .of the ore in California, it is notorious that, from the course ef trade and the want of secure Ue be rd for the gold, much of it went to Peru, Chili, &c.. to meet the payments for immediate wants of provisions, &c., or to England by the steamers and vessels of war.of that nation ; and althoygh bills on London were obtained in ex- change, the amounts were not included in the pro- duct of the country. There is no doubt, also, that no ineonsiderable sum has been manufactured and others hoarded by the diggers in its crude state, for which not.a few have evinced a fancy not entirely unaccountable. Casual but rather careful inqniries will perhaps justify the estimate of Me gol thus drawn froin California, and not ‘ing through the Minte of the United States, at $51,592,000, makin, the total product of that State, from 1848 to 1851, inclusive, $150,000,000. The product of 1851 sepa- rately, it will ho seen, far oxceeds the highest esti- mated annual production of all Seuth America and Mexioo, and there is every reason to believe that for some yoars x least, there will he no diminution in the ratio of 1851, whilst the more sanguine in- dulge in the expociation of a still greater increase. 'To make, therefore, the very difficult estimate of the production of gold and silver since the year 1492, we must take the following data, as referred $98,408 000 to in the previous observations in detail :— Ist--Humbolde’s estimate oe $6,447,900.060 McCulloch's do, 350,000, 00@ Jacob's do, 403,603,800 MoCulloch’s do, 676,330,000 Total, (Ameries)....., : + $6,877,833,800 2d—Humboldt’s estimate (+) of the annual production (1803) of Hungary, Saxony, and Northern Asia.is $5,000,000; and with. out any means of ascortaining the pre- P hong! let that be m 1492 to 1802, ductions of previous taken as the average inclueive, say... To which add the es mines by McCulloch, marked (h), for 69 $1.555,000,000 200,000,000 Total (Europe and Asia) JW The product of the f Ruseia, aceording to McCulloch (/), was, up to 1862, 191,581,000 And of the $0 1852 22,000,000 Total (Russia alone). ceseseee $219,581,000 4th—The product of the United States other than California, being, by the Mint to (i), add wee 5,855,000, ace $1,145,000 for an estimate of the amounts not brought to the Mint, and the resultis $17,000,000 To which add the actual and estimated produce of California, by remarks (j),... 150,000,000 vee Retysted . 013,414,800 any of the authogi- Total (United States). General total Jt is pot clearly exprossed by bozok vy whether the amounts of the stated to have been produced at it rots (aa atten aie luction, but the inference is vor of the latter. It will bo seen that the actual and estimated productions of the United Stateshave been separately stated. 2 The limited production of gold and silver in the last ‘ols of the fifteenth century, may be very na- turally accounted for in the mit number of peers who as first ventured to explore. the New orld, and in the scarcity of those metals in the lands firat occupied by Columbus ; but it will, per- haps, excite surprise to find that the actual deposits of California gold in the Mints of the United States, in the year 1851, exceed the highest annual produc- tion of gold and silver in Mexico and South Ame- rica by iiearly forty per cont. 4 McCulloch,in commenting upon the ‘extraordinary inerease” in the product of the Russian gold mines, adverts to those of California, which he had tin (1848-'49) hoard estimated as producing $5,000,000 in one year, and for the year to come at $20,000,000, and goes on to say:—‘* And it is plain, unless this estimate be very greatly exaggerated, (which we do not think is the case,) that should the supply be maintained at this level fora few years, it will, combined with the increased supplies from Russia, inoreage the total annual supply of gold to an amount unknown at any former period. nd as there is not, and cannot well be, any corresponding increase in the demand for gold, its value will sus- tain a corresponding fall. And he».ce we think that arise in the prices of most articles may be fairly anticipated. ‘This will, probably, be slow; but should eight or nine millions of pounds sterling of gold be henceforth annually added to tho existing stock of the commercial world, a repetition of the effects consequent on the first diseovery of the Amer- ican mines will most likely be experienced. And we have elsewhere stated our reasons for thinking that such a contingency, or that a gradual and con- siderable fall in the value of gold would be of the greatest advantage to this country.” if MeCulloch’s reasoning be correct, what can we anticipate but a decline in the value of gold in its relation to silver. and a corresponding advance in the prices of all other commodit This result is inevitable, the laws of trade exercising as certain, if not so immediately perceptible an influence on ‘old and silver as upon other merchandise. Much fie been written in regard to the loss of gold and silver by abrasion, by shipwreck, by concealment in time of war without subsequent recovery, and ou the aunual consumption of both metals for manu- facturing purposes ; but such calculations are and uncertain, and perhaps not called for in th quiry, which looks only to production, aud even that can only be ascertained from partially uncertain duta. But it may reasonably be posed, and in- cluded in our anticipations of the effects of the vast productions of the California mines, that the chief Source of consumption of the precious metals other than coinage, that of manufuetures, will be greatly expanded, perhaps it would not be unreasonable to say trebled or quadrupled, as well from their actual decline in value as from the sudden increase of means which the community—whether the miners, or the parties into whose hands the gold ultimately passes, is immaterial—will have acquired through the acquisition of Califori It may not be amiss to observe that at this mo- ment the bullion in the banks of France and Eng- land is estimated at the enormons sum of $220,000,- 000. Those countries have reecived the Cutifornia gold in exchange for our increased importations of necessaries and luxurie ar DIX. Volume 2, page 280 De Bow’s Commercial Reviaw, tains an article (author not named) coins, We nd measures, in which, (p. 295 is stated th ‘according to Humboldt, the and gold received from America, from 1192 to 1500, amounted to £52,000,000 sterling,” and * that Ja- cobs says this enormous supply continued until 1519, b when the quantity in circulation in Europe had | doubled, and reached the enormous amount of £52,000,000." Apart from the evident inconsistency between these two periods and sums, Jacobs’ own work (pp. 126-127) uiterly fails to confirm such dis- crepancies, but on the contrary, completely corrobo- | rates the second par: h following the general re- sumé, in. the preceding report. 296 of the same article, in De Bow, will be ‘ome estimates of that accurate author, A. , in which he states, in round numbers, that which is distinguished by (a) in this report, to be $5,000,000,000 ; and those of (c) and (d), $750,000,- G00, being a very close approximation in estimates of this character; the ostimate (¢) relates to a pe riod subsequent to his investigations. ButGallatin, according to De Bow, is said to have estimated the product of the Russian mines at $600,000,000, a dif- Tenn from that of McCulloch totally irreconcila- ple. Mr. Gallatin does not appear to have made any such estimate asin the preceding report is marked (U), but if Humboldt’s views of the annual product of the mines of Europe and Asia, in 1800, and McCulloch’s of the subsequent product, be ¢ e addition must be mado for the period ante: 800, more cepecially as those mines were for cen- turies the prineipal sources of supply. NOTES FROM HUN?’S MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE. No. 76, p. 395, states that the official report of the Russian government makes the product of gold from 1815 (the first workings of the mines) to TS44, to be 150,000,000 rubles, or six hundred millions of franes ; compare this with the estimates in the preceding re- ports, and with Gallatin’s statement, in which lat- ter it is evident the printer has put dollars for francs, and even for an earlier period than the Rus- sian official report. No. 94, p. 413, Chevalier (Paris) estimates the an- nual product of South America (1846) in gold and silver, at $35,000,000. In the preceding report the average from 1880 to 1852, (¢), is put down at $30,- 710,000. No. 108, p. 661, the official report of the Russian Paks appears to have formed the grounds of {cCulloch’s estimate of the produce of gold in Rus- sia, from 1837 to 1846. No. 109, p. 110, the latest official account, makes the product of gold and silver in Austria, (alone, and presumed to be in 1846,) to be $2,000,000; com: yare this with (h) in the preceding report. No. 113, p- 561; No. 133, p. 129; No. 117, p. 326; No. 142, p. 498; and No. 120, p. 681, more or less confirm the estimated product of the Russian mines at three and a half to four million pounds ster- lings the last, No. 120, referring to a slight falling off. No. 141, a 386, official report of the gold and silver coined in Mexico alone, for eighteen months, ending July 1, 1849, $28,000,000, or nearly nineteen millions per annum, which confirms other state- ments already quoted or referred to. There is nothing in these notes from Hunt to warrant any alteration of the estimates presented in the report of March 18th. The apparent error of Gallatin, is eovrected in Hunt, No. 76, showing the probability of its originating with ‘printers; who, in the use of figures or signs, indicating quantity or value, often commit tho most serious or ludicreus mistakes. The following estimate of the present annual pro- duet of gold and silver in all parts of the world, (exclusive of Australia, from which no reliable data can yet be obtained,) may not be an inapt ter- mination to the present inquiry :— All South America, see (¢)..... $30,710,000 Add for any probable increase according to the best authorit Mungary, Saxony rthern Aria (b) 4.000,000 Kussia—at the highest estimate of late years. 20,000,000 Africa and South Asia, (a rough estimate) 1,000,000 Caratina, Georgia, &e.. 500.000 California. .... eoeeee . 64.500.000 Total * 124,000,000 The long established usage of the addenda of “EK. E.” to an ordinary account among merchants might well be applied to a paper like this—anything approaching accuracy is out of the question. W. THH LATHST NEWS FROM THE Gold Mines of the Pacific, The California Gold Mi A member of the United States Minin; lately found a lump of in the a back of the United States Hotel in Sonora City. It is from the vein worked by Fowler, Van Praag.& Co.—the same vein which has farnish- ed the rich deposits in Holden’s Garden. This lump was found in the red earth, only two or three feet fram the auwface. Being weighed in a hydro- static halanes proves to be worth $565 25. Several quarte mills are in progress of erection at Forbestown. Active pre tions are being made to work quartz a Brown’s Valley the coming season. One claim, of sixteen feet ‘square, at Soldier's Gulch, hae yielded, it is said, $36,000. It is esti- mated that therehsve been extracted from the gulch an aggregate of two millions of dollars. It is said that a Mr. Sparks, mining at Morris’s Ravine, on Feather River, found a virgin lump of gold veighin 12 Ibs., on the 25th inst. Earth boiling to extract gokl is being adopted extensively in Calaveras. , The miners are now working the bed of Big Ra- vine, near Auburn. This ravine has already been ements tan or four na but still continues Oo pay those who are engaged upon it $6 bor das gaged upon it, from $5 to The Gold Crops in Australia, The accounts from Australia, mentioned in the New York Heraxp yesterday, are to the 10th Jan. As far as the richness of the mines is concerned, the details continue of a striking character; but a total failure of water at Mount ‘Alasander in the colony of Victoria, and too much water at the Turon and other localities of the New South Wales mines, had seriously cheeked operations. Upto the exhaustion of the water at Mount Alexander, which seems to have occurred rather suddenly, the returns obtained by all parties realized the most sanguine expecta- tions, ond the correspondent of he Sydney Hergld at C old weighing “lbs. 4 os”, | that place states, that after full and repeated in- to meet with a single person yuccessful. With the dry weather, however, the earth had become eo hard, that iteould only be broken with a pickaxe, and @ genoral de- se! was therefore ta) ing ace. Four months would most probably elapse re work could be re- commenced. This cam paltry retiroment, however, would be likely to lead to new explorations. The ac- counts of the conduct of the population at Melbourne are not favorable. Scenes of violence and depravity had been common, and they are alleged to have been increased by the influx of the convict population of Van Diemen’s Land, which is within thirty hours’ steaming distance, the deck fare from Launceston being pcre shillings. With regard to the New South Wales, or Sydney mines, it appears that all the indications on the Turon conKnee to pro- mise great results after the subsidence of the floods. Meanwhile new deposits had been discovered in hat is called the Maneroo district and about the nowy River, which, it was believed, would prove of a remarkable character. The Sydney writers contend that the Victoria mines are not richer than their own, and that the greater produce is solely owing to the larger number of persons employed. This, however, does not agree with the fact that. disappointments are frequently spoken of at Sydney, while none had oceurred at Mount Alexander. The report made to the government by Mr. Hargrave, upon his return from his exploratory expedition, had not yet been allowed to transpire, and it was consequently rumored that it was too exciting to be published until after the harvest had been got in. he proprietor of the gold field in Frederick’s valley had proposed to make over his title to that spot, consisting of 1,033 acres, to a company to be called tho Wentworth Goldfield Company, with a capital of £30,000, in 3,000 shares, of £10 each, of which £25,000 was to be paid to himself, the remaining £5,000 forming the working funds The price of gold at Sydney had fallen to 60s. per ounce, and the miners in consequence held ack their earnings. Nevertheless, on the 9h January, the ship Kate sailed for London with 49,274 ounces of dust, valued at £3 5s. per ounce, and amounting to £160,141. From Adelaide, South Australia, the latest dates received at Sydney were to the 24th December, and it is probable that the next arrival would bring news of equal wealth in that colony. A reward of £1,000 having been offered by the government for the diseovery of any gold fields that should yield £10,000 within two months, a Mr. Stephen, a barrister, had announced his knowledge of two very extensive districts, and a day had been appointed for him to proceed to peint them out. There were, also, rumors of discoveries in many other localities in the neighborhood of Adelaide. Expectations were likewise entertained of the confirmation of similar statements from Van Diemen’s Land. A fine specimen of quartz gold had been shown by an, who asserted that he had found it at Hobart Town, and that it existed there in abundance ; and there were other less question- able stories of deposits between Launceston and George Town. [From the London Chronicle, April 12.] A Blue Rook which has lately been published, centaining the official correspondence relative to the discoveries of gold in Australia, affords much valua- ble information respecting the rise and progress of themines in New South Wal We suspect that toa large portion of the public, the mere names of the localities in which the precious metal is found convey but a very vague notion of its whereabouts. The two principal gold fields are the “Land of Ophir,” as itis called, situate about 150 miles to the west of Sydney, and containing part of the coun- ties of Wellington, Bathurst, Georgiana, and West- moreland, and a portion of the province of Victoria, about 70 miles inland from Melbourne. It appears from the correspondence before us that the existence of gold in Ophir was first made known tothe govern- ment in the year 1849 by a Mr. Sinith, who had picked up a Specimen near a place called Berrima. He offered to state the exact locality upon the re- ceipt of a considerable sum of money, but the go- | vernment declined to buy his secret, and he was un- | willing to trust to their generosity. He was fol- lowed by a Mr. Hargrave, a gentleman who had had much minining experience in California; and who, after failing in an attempt to get £500 for his discovery, gave the necessary information gratuit- ously, when the Governor at once took steps which confirmed the truth of the statement. The excitement Sydney, when the news be- came public, isdezeribed as having been so intense that, according to Sir C. Fitaroy’s despatch of the 29th May, 1851, **the population had visibly di- minished.” The price of provisions rose to anex- trayagant height, and the whole framework of society appears to have received a violent and even dangerous shock. Such was the panie the supposed economical and social peri covery, that some of the colonist ** recommended that martial law should be proclaimed, and ali digging peremptorily prohibited, in order + ordinary industrial pursuits of the count Hot badatarfered with.” But, happily protection was not strong enough in Sir C uiduce him to accede to this notable piece of advice; aud the measures which he adopted the suggestions of the alarmists. The dig obliged to take out licenses at the .rate o! per inonth, and a force of ten extra mc stables was enrolled. So far as we the Blue Book, the ovly breach of the pexce perpe- trated by any of the diggers in the Laud of Ophir, consisted in a t committed by a traculent butcher on his hbor’s territory ; the offender womptiy brought to a sense of the ‘proper authority” and a pair 3. The license system appears to have met with no resistance in that distric! but there is a considerable controversy as to the amount to be eted in Victoria. Our accounts from the latter colony are to the 20th of December last. The first discovery of gold within its frontiers took place in the month of July, and up to the date of the latest intelligence no less than £730,000 worth of the metal is said to h been obtained, Of this amount, upwards of £100,000 worth is positively ascertained to have been pro- cured; aml the remainder is the estimated value of the gold removed by private individuals, or still in the hands of the miners. It is, however, very diffi- cult to arrive at anything like a precise account of the total produce of the mines, in consequence of the convenient portability of the metal in the form in which it is most eommonly found. It is equally difficult to speak definitely a8 to the extent of the gold fiolds—new discoveries constantly widening the auriferous territory, from month to month, and almost from day today. ‘Thus, in the first despatch of Lieut. Governor Latrobe, received in the course of last January, we are informed that gold had been found within sixteen miles of Melbourne; but we learn from the article upon the subject which we published on Wednesday last from the Melbourne Argus, that the diggings have now reached a dis- tance of 70 miles from that town. It would be premature, under present circum- stances, to enter into any speculations either as to the probable yield of the new mines, or as to the effect which the late discoveries may or may not produce on the relative values of the precious metals. On these points we will simply state our conviction that no- thing can Le more fallacious than the attempts which are often made to turn science into prophecy, and to enunciate mathematical propositions, the elements of which are the probable number of cubic feet of quartz to be found in the gold districts, and the average amount of gold which they contain. A more profitable and more pleasing subject for con- sideration is the prosperity which these discoveries have brought to our Southern colonies. We have already noticed the tranquil condition of the land of “Ophir,” Great, however, as is the contrast be- tween the ten mounted police required in the Aus- tralian El Dorado, and the ‘Hanging committees appointed to keep the body suspended till daylight,” ¢ which figure so largely in the records of California, we must not give the whole credit ofthe difference to the superiority of a British colony over an American republic. The fact is, not only are the minin, operations of Australia conducted mn ®& mucl smaller scale than those of Califormia, but the former country has long had the advantage of a settled government, and its population does not exclusively consistof gold-diggers. Its pastoral and agricultural resources—not to speak of its wealth in other than the precious metals—will doubtless eontinue to exercise a salutary restrainin, influence over the gold fever; and ifany great sti- mulus should be given to emigration by the lato dis- coveries, it is far from improbable that the settlers may ultimately realize the fable of the man who made his sons’ fortune by inducing them, under pretence of having buried a treasure, to bestow ex- tra diligence in turning up the soil of the family es- tate. ‘e cannot, however, be insensiblo to the pos- sible dangers of the situation. Melbourne pa- pers inform us that, ays 2 little or no actual vio- lence has taken place in the mines, the miners are armed to the number of about 15,000, and that they are far from satisfied with the tax levied upon them in the shape of licences. Such a state of things ob- viously requires the firmest and the most skiful management. So far as matters have gone yet, we see no reason to doubt the efficiency of the local au- theritics; though we cannot but fear lest the here- ditary bad luck—to use the mildest word—of his office should descend csi Sir John Pakington. We trust, Lr ia! | tees tl e geceely habits of the groat, mass of the settlers, and the opportune migration 0; the worst elements of the Colonial Nee. to Cale fornia, may save Australia from exhibiting a new illustration of the embarras des richesses. Oar Nicaragua Correspondence. San JUAN DE Nicaragua, April 19, 1852. The Sloop of War Decatur~The City Election— Improvements in Town—The Route, &c. The U. S. ship Decatur is in port. The following is a list of her officers :— ee Tee oe Ming! Lieutenants, Wm. L. jure, Jas, W. Cooke, rt Thompson; Passed Accist- ant Surgeon, Samuel ‘sadkvony, Assistant Jas. B, Whiting; Mpeter, Cha, W. jays; Paseeg ipmppo, dates upon Whom thens rallied. Wm. Btan- Henry 0. Acting Midsbi Win. 1, Dann; Bostordin Sen! Walkers Cenmsn, Sameer Carpenter, Jas. Linn; Seilmaker, John J. This ship has now been here for two months, and for the last year actively cruising in a tropical climate, and both officers and men ae mueh en- ervated by the climate. She has been twice sur- veyed and recommended to be sont to a northern port to be docked, but in consequenco of the few vessels on the station, the Commander-in-chief could not dispence with her services, and she is still detained, though leaking very badly. There is no doubt that she should recalled to the United States to refit, as in her present condition she reflects no credit on the government. I make these obser- vations as an American, feeling pride in our gal- lant little navy, and also having had frequent op- portunities of seeing our national vessels abroad. On the 15th inst., the elections for the municipal officers took place, and passed off very quietly. The Americans failed in electing their ticket. Mr. Mar- tin (American) was elected Mayor, and Dr. Rich- ards Health Officer and Captain of the Port. There are very much needed here a hospital, light house, and one or two buoys. Tho town is improv- ing very rapidly; some oight or ten houses aro in course of erection, and also a chapel. All kinds of vegetables and provisions are much in demand. n the 17th, the Northern Light arrived, and was two Bova testis her passengers. The three iron boats built expressly for the river, are at presont unable to run on account of their draft of water being too great. Two of them aro aground up the river, and the smaller ono of the three succeeded in getting down with the small steamer built here. ‘hey have another small boat in the course of con- struction. Our Albany Correspondence. Ausany, April 15, 1852. Convention of Democratic Delegates — Governor Marcyand Corning gone over to the Barnburners. Since the convention of democratic delegates to Baltimore, held at Albany, on the 7th inst., there can remain no longer a doubt on the mind of any reasonable man, that Governor Marcy has taken position with the barnburners, and committed to them the management and direction of his politica! fortunes and aspirations for the Presidency. Although he had been charged upon evidence satisfactory to many, that such was his ultimate purpose, still there were those who indulged the hope, that on a more full developement of his senti- ments and intentions, the eharge would prove to be unfounded. In that, however, they have been dis- appointed. The proceedings of the convention, and the con- duet of his delegates, furnish indisputable proof of the justice of the charge. Apparently for the pur- yore of confirming the doubting, and couverting suspicion into proof, the preliminaries of the organ- ization, and the adjournment, and the management of the entire proccedings of the convention on the part of the Marcy delegates, wero committed under a pre-arrangement to the barnburners. Tho Cass Celegates, With a view to avoid any imputation of disrespect to Governor Marcy, consistent with their well know preferences for another, and to relieve him, ag far as the selection of delegates at large could do so, from the position, it was hoped it was not his pleasure, but that of others, he should oc- cupy, selected Francis B. Cutting’and Homan J. Redfield, his personal friends, arid well known na- nal democrats, the p of the former bo- ing unknown, but those of the latter known to be for Governor Marcy, believing that they would be acceptable to Governor Marcy and his’ delegates. But they were not—they were by the barn- burners, after a caucus and consultation at Governor Marey’s, and a ticket composed of a **soft. shell”? and a barnburner adopted. I am aware that the soft shells assert that John B. Skinner is a hunker, but it is unfounded; he was a Wilmot provisoist, and a sympathizer with ( sworth, Doo- little, and others of that class. in his vicinity. The barnburners understand this. It is true, he was so timid and feeble in purpose, that it was with diffi- culty he could be got to the polls in 1847-8, and it is a controverted point amon, his friends, how he voted; however that may be. well known that his associations and communications are exclusively with the barnburners. It is useless to say, because Mr. Corning, and the four other ‘soft shells” from the country, acted with the barnburners, that it re- lieves Governor Marcy from the position assigned ‘im. The conduct of Mr. Corning, throughout the con- vention, was marked by a predetermined purpose to sunder his long existing relations with the hunker section of the party, and unite with the most ex- treme ofthe barnburners. He voted with the barn- burners to reverse the majority, and to sustain the minority report of his own committce on the con- tested teat of Mr. O’Conor. ‘The majority report was made by hunkers, and the minority report b barnburners. ‘The former was able, full and lucid, and sustained by overwhelming proof; and the lat ter was impotent, illogical, founded upon negatives, and unsustained by proof—one was advocated by huvkers, and the other by barnburners. The hunk- ers yoted for the admission of Mr. O’Conor; and Mr. Cornin, ith twelve baruburners and four “soft. shells,” voted for his rejection—equally as characteristic and significant was his vote admitting Mr. Clark to his seat. The committee, to whom the subject. was referred, did not seriously expect that Mr. Clark would be admitted to a permanent seat; they merely reported that he was equitably en- titled to his seat; but the barnburners, with their characteristic impudence and disregard of all pre- cedent, finding themselves in superior force with their new allies, insisted upon his admission, which they attained by 2 ypte similar to that which re- jected Mr. O’Conor.” In view of such procecdings— in view of such responsible and public acts, and of the legitimate presumption that they were dictated by and in accordance with the wishes of Governor Marcy, who will assert that the charge of his having ‘‘changed position,” is unjust and unfound- ed? Asa jurist, he knows that such proceedings and acts are an estoppel in pais—that he will not be heard to deny the justness of the charge. As a politician, he knows that the masses will not listen toadenial; disregarding all sophistry and argu- ments of the ‘‘expeditionists,” they will look at tho naked facts. With no less astonishment than regret, they will contrast them with the assault#1aade upon him by the barnburners throughout President Polk's administration—compare them with the ma- lignity with which they pursued those who sought to shield him from those wanton assaults. They will contrast the facts with the oft repeated charges of these same politicians, that Governor Marcy contributed, by his influence and official patronage, to defeat Silas Wright; nor will they overlook the pitiful manifestation, but little more than a year since, of deep rooted enmity in defeating him from being chairman of the State Contral Committee, and in the discharge of their duty, invoked by considerations, paramount to mere friendship, or personal regard; the masses will fearlessly find and declare, that the contrast is so great, and the past and the present so unlike and unnatural, that the conflict cannot, by the application of the ‘ordi- nary rules by which men are judged and governed, be reconciled upon any other Mibettad than that he hasconsigned his name, his influence, and the very nationality and position he acquired under the unwavering support and devotion of those whose as- sociations he bas abandoned, to the unlimited use and control of the barnburners. The force of this conclusion would be somewhat broken, if it could be maintained that the barnbur- ners were sound in doctrine, and sustained Governor Marcy for the Presidency in good faith, and without any ulterior purpose. But neither proposition can be. They are yet the udvocates of the constitution- ality of the Wilmot'proviso and its application to new territory. They are opposed to the admission of any more slave territory, and unalterably opposed to the Fugitive Slavelaw. The votesof tow, and other barnburners from this State in Congress, against the Compromise resolutions, are but the echo of the sentiment of their follows and press at at home. That the barnburners ever thought that Governor Marcy, under their direction, would be nominated, never was seriously pretended, although there is little doubt, but at one time thoy inspired him with the belief that he would be. It is too ob- vious they had an ulterior purpose; without posi- tion or national influence, without a candidate else- where, upon whose name, as against General Cass, they could even found a convention, they obtained and used the name and influence of Governor Mar- ey, with which to obtain delegates, notoriously for the purpose of defeating General Cass, and then transfer their capital to the most ready and accom- modating candidate, willing to deal in contraband wares. No wiles politician ever supposed Go- yernor Marcy could obtain the nomination, unless through the support of General Cass’s friends, as their second choice; and it was equally as clear that such support could not be expected after the barn- burners had beaten down General Cass. Under such circumstances, the impartial mind must be forced to the painful conclusion that Governor Marcy has designedly, or inconsiderately, not only endorsed the treason of the barnburners of 1848, but lent his great name to carry them to Baltimore, that they may there add insult to injury. The great prineiples of the party had been dis- honored, and the ancient usages, by which they are upheld, violated in his own State under such circum- stances, and with such results, that demanded the sacrifice of all personal considerations, for their vin- dication. If he had yielded to this imperious call, dictated ne lots by diity than public sentiment, and cast his influence for and untoward or other causes had rendered it to select some other standard Bearer, ho would have been amongst the first of the many other eminent candi- democracy would hav You Poryur | Our Havana Correspondenee, Havana, April 16th, 1852. Sentiments from Cuba Relative to the Removal of General Concha. I write under a painful state of excitement, hav- ing just witnessed the departure of our worthy Ge- neral Concha, so wrongly deprived of the command which he so well discharged, and by which he had won £0 many sympathies by his honesty, good heart, and the desire to give comfort and unity to the in- habitants of the island. He embarkedat the ‘‘ma- china,” and the people took a personal farewell of him and his family; but that in such a solemn manner that it is impossible for me to express it. All wept, as well as himself and family, in receivin, these silent but eloquent demonstrations of grief. When he embarked on the government boat to go on board of the steamer Isabel la Ca- tolica, the people rushed on board of some of the steamboats prepared in advance, and we accompa- nied him outside of the Moro, amidst the well de- served ‘‘vivas’” of those on board the boats. He sailed at four o’clock in the afternoon, and leaves Havana amazed and disgusted at this act of the government. The General would not permit, and even begged the merchants to have no bands of music to accompany him. The Island of Cuba can never forget the benefits which General Concha has lavished on her, in loss than one year and a half, that sho was under hi eommand, He has been a father to the unfortunat He founded a number of free schools and hosp’ tals, not only in Havana but in all the island, when he went on his tour; in fine, we all justly moura his loss, blacks, whites, Cubans, and Peninsulars, Spa- niards, and foreigners; every one,in fact, regrets a man who has been taken away even as if disgraced. He was apprised of his dismissal by an express from his brother, sent on by the way of England, who only reached here three days before the arrival of General Canedo, who replaces him. It was the in- tention of his enemies to surprise him, so, that he could feel more sensibly the blow. Ido not speak passionately, or by any means in an iaterested manner, but I firmly believe that the salvation of Cuba was in his hands; and if this is the way the home government rewards her good and loyal subjects, what can be expected from it? When there is a Governor, and he is an hon- est, upright, honorable, and generous man, with a good disposition, religious and charitable princi- ples, that man immediately finds enemics, who en- deayor to destroy him at court, and in that court a overnment yeady to listen to every intrigue ; should, on the other hand, a despot who robs and allows others to plunder—who, in fact, is the very reverse—be sent on, why the government is quiet, and perfectly satisfied. ‘‘ Vamos; this is insup- portable, and I can do no more than take my pen, for I feel indignant at the manner in which a man as good and honest as General Concha, has been treated. It would be with pleasure that I would give half of all I possess to reiusiate Concha in his Station, so that he could vindicate his ‘amour pro- qe,” so impaired, and so laugh at his adversaries. Thanks to the timely warning of his brother, he could get ready, so that seven hours after he had given up the command (and received the royal erder), he sailed for Cadiz, where { hope he witl arrive, after afair and prosperous voyage, 80 as to present himself in the Senate with his clear ¢ science, and show,”at the same time s conduct during the short period of his co’ and that, tead of saving money from his pay, he has not puly spent it, but has been obliged to send to Spain (out of his own private moans) for more, to cover the expenses of his donations. Such pheno- mena are very scarce, and, when found, their com- mand is not of long duration. The steamer sails, and I have not time to say more on this subj for I would never end ; less would | say than what T really think, foe such is the affection feel for him, that Ihave mourned him as if Thad lost one of my own family. During the twenty-one years that I have resided at Havana I hever *een one who could be compared to him. General Canedo, who has taken his place, has very good reputation and antecedents ; but to fill the yueaney left by his predecessor, he must do a great deal. App1o. Theatrical and Musical. Bowrny Turatke —The programme aunouneed for to- night presents. as usual, very attractive features—the new and effective drama of the “Corsican Brothers,” which has drawn very large assemblages of the dramatic public if enthusiastic cheers be a criterion to judge hy, veem delighted with the piece throughout. ‘The comedy of the “Two Bonnycasties”’ will commence the performances this evening, ‘and it will be followed by the spectacle drama of the “Corsican Brothers” —the prinei- yal characters being filled by Messrs. Eddy, Stevens Goodall. Leffingwell, Mrs, Jordan, and Miss Yeomans, Broapway Tuearke.—This being the sixty-eighth night, and last but one of Mr. Forrest's engagement, this ¢ tablichment. no doubt. will be crowded trom parquet to uppergallery, emeut is unparatloled in the dramatic history of any country—the more xo. 5 the house has been filled every night, If this be n of public este is, The tr i d—Forrest ap Jaffier. with Madame nts will close with rved"* profitable to his own talented artists who are cng ng dance in this ballet is worth in itse! ce of adinistion, as the -s Rousset dispiny ail the agility and ‘ming mo ts of their pr ¢ entertainments will com- with aon men Bentos’s TH diex which crowd this house every night, will be prose piece. TRY.—AR usual, one of those fine come- 1 this evening. ‘The piece selected is" Dombey aud Son” If there were no other character in this piece but that of Captain Cuttle, which has been always sustained to the very acme of perfection by Mr. Burton, the house, we balieve, would be crowded ; but when many other artists of eminence are also to appear in it, the attraction is con- sequently considerably enhanced, Mary Taylor. who will appear but for two nights more previous to retiring from thestage. will sustain the character of Susan Nipper, All concludes with * Our Clerks”? Nationat TieatRe.—The performances of Mr. Bian- chard, and the surprising sagacity exhibited by his dog, are every night evidenced by large and highly delighted audiences, But elthough Purdy has reason to be pleased at the result of this engagement, he seems still doter- mined to produce additional novelties, in order that his patrovs should consider him worthy the position of the managerial chair. He has produced the new drama of the « Blackemith of Antwerp" in fine style. It will be repeated to-night, with the drama of the “ Watch Dogs,”? d the farce of a * Kiss in the Dark.’ om THeaTne.—The entertainments offered for the amusement of the dramatic public, at this Thespian tem- pl ttendance is by no means com- meneurate with the ¢ ions of Messrs. Corbyn & Buck- land. The entertainments this evening consist of the “Spectre Bridegroom,” the amusing sketch from the French, called “Antony and Cleopatra.” and the fairy extravaganza of the « Fair One with the Golden Locks,” in both of which Miss Julia Bennett will appear in the leading characters, Amentcan Mussum—The popular drama. y Mannering,” is to be presented both this afternoon and evening, in the lecture room of this extensive esta- blisbment. The caet embraces all the leading members of the eompany. Independent of the entertainments given in the lecture room, the public can amuse them- felves by examining the countless curiosities contained in the museum; this departrent alone will amply repay an visiter, for the proprietor is every day adding to its vari- ety and value. Cnnisty’s Orena Hovse.—Christy’s band of minstrels announce another very attractive programme for this evening. comprising vocal and instrumental selections, burleeques, dancing and witticisms. ‘Woov’s Mixernsia were well received again last eve- ning by a full house, in the travestie upon ““Maebeth;” it will be repeateed to-night, together with a fine pro- gramme of other pertormances. Pror. Wiitsry’s farewell “evening with the people,’ will take place this evening, at Metropolitan Hall, when Le will impersonate Hayne, Webster, Clay, Randolph, O'Connell, Sheil, and Wolf-Jim Madame Biscaccrant: has been giving a series of con- certs in San Francivco, The .il’a says in relation to the first concert :--The event which has been looked forward to in our musical and fashionable circles with solicitude and desize for more than a week past, has finally trans- pircd, Madame Bireaccianti has appeared before a Cali- fornia audience, and has met with a most cheering and enthusiastic reeeption, At an early hour last evening, (the American Theatre was filled with an audience, ‘which tor respectability aud intelligence, has never been equalled inthiseity, Such an array of female beauty as was presenton the occasion has no parallel in our city's history. and the evening must, therefore, be set down as anerain our musical, social, and fashionabie pr: 8. It was LL sect of which Californians, and San civeans in particular, may be justly proud; and we doubt if any city in the world, of the same size, could have filled the ead of @ theatre with a finer array of “fair wemenand brave men,” or a more and appre- ciative audience, bd * a oe Ld oe 4 As she came forward to the foothights and bowed, round after round of applause greeted her—she smiled her thanks and bowed again—more applause—another smile and an implortng look from her fascinating and s| Diack eye—thunders of applause—and so it contitued for some minutes, until th began to fear that the interchan, ‘es would never have anend, She had d the reeitative and aria from Donizetti's Linda di Chamounix. “ 1h tardai troppo,” and * Oh luce di quest’ anima,” in which to make her debut, ond as her first notes rang out clear and distinct asa bell, the enthusiastic house was hushed into profound rtillness, It was complete success, The approbation of the audience reemed to know no bounds, and a shower of bravas and bouquets greeted its cone! n, Again she bowed her thanks, and again (be audience were electrified by her sweet and expressive smnifes, All the concerts were well attended, entitled ‘The two theatres are in operation in San Francisco, but the papers do not say much about their success, Loa Montrs.—This artist will appear at the Broad. way theatre, on Saturday evening, in the ballet entitled the ‘ Carnival a Seville.’ She will be assixted by the fame re corps de ballet that gave such crownit ing effect to efforts, when she g i when she last performed here. Mr, ent with Mr. Forrest closing on day evening, having a night to pare previeus tb tite appearance of another bright stat in the dramatic bori- Lola Montes for Saturda: N.—This disti rrest, and will appear on \ ernie her admired sy. ished actress londay evening charasterr— she KOSSUTH IN MASSACHUSETTS. Material Aid in New England. The Legislative Reception Yesterday, in Boston. ke, &e., &e. KOSSUTH IN WORCESTER. SPECIAL REPORT TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. Woncrsrex, Mass., April 25, 1862. Ko-suth arrived here this afternoon, a little after five o’clock, by special train, from Springfield, and met with a reception, which, as far as numbers go, was highly satisfactory, but in other respects it was allsmoke. There is no doubt that, in proportion as Kossuth goes north, ho finds the people more and more congenial to his feelings, that ie, a pertion of them ; for if he only know how many are hambug- ging him, his exultation would be very soon turned to another tune. This movement in Worcester has been planned long since, and is an ingenious device of the Maine Liquor Inw men and the free-soilers, who have coalesced, und taken hold of Kossuth in order to make political capital out of him; and he in turn is endeavoring to sell his Hun, n serip, the interest on which will be paid three days before the day of judgment, and the principal three days after. Hence one of the two local papers hore, the Spy, which is the organ o all the isms, is a Kossuth paper; and the Transcript, which represents the common sense of the people, is not his advo- eate. In this city, the froe-soilers, both whigs and democrats, have placed their own respec tive party principles in abeyance, and have united for the last fow rs in forming a frec~ soil party, which constitutes the majority, and they have ruled everything their own way, The friends of the constitution gained upon them last year, and they will gain more upon them this year; but still the fanatics are ahead. Both the committees—ihat of the Common Council and of the citizens—consisted almost entirely of froe Soilers. Kossuth having shown his hand when ho firs} came to New York, and the abolitionists and their con- geners, the free soilers, being, consequently, his sworn friends all over the Union, they have worked heaven and earth, and the vasty deep,” and they have been organizing not oly Wor » bat the country all around, for this holiday pageant. The object is not to glorify Kossuth, or advanes his euuse—which every one of them, in private conver- sation, will tell 1 is hopeless—and even the most, prominent of the actors im the drama to-day have admitted the fact, in the preliminary inoetings that have been held. The object is to make Kossuth their tool for the coming elections; and if he does not Know that, he is not fit to be a revolutionary leader. Others, toe, have joined inthe movement from jealousy or policy, in order that the free sou ight not have it all their own way. But the aa have been brought to- getl y; a8 Kossuth said at Newark would always be very likely, when the weather was fine, and the van; and, therefore, he thanked God for bad weather aud dirty streets, because they roved the sincerity of the people. In New Haven banked God for the beautiful day, and looked upon that as an omen for good; 80 that, row see, he blows hot and blows cold nearly in the same breath. Here the weather was fine, and tho streets in beautiful condition, and all went to gratify their curiosity to sec and hear the sp -maker from Hungary, who has such skill in arguing and sponk- ing languages, and Who is as great a curiosity im this respect as Jenny Lind is im yooalism. ‘Tho went to see a man, too, who in consequence of this very gift has been talked of ull over the Union, and written about in the newspapers; and thousands. expressed their disappointment after seeing him, as the public generally do. You will hear nothing more common than th Why, he is not the man I took him for at all He declares himself that his object is to get’ money; and every body knows that, and the amount of money given is thesefore the barometer that indicates the amount of 8ym- pathy, not with republi principles, but with his filibustero doctrines. l, let us try the affair of There were about ten non, How many de! Not ove; though in | for this material aid be e vening mecting at the City by Did he get any money there? Just awked at the deor, sold W to-day by that simple test thousand people on the Coun lars did the; for; and this money of accommodation at the meeti stil to gratify the feeling of curiosity. Well, what did it umount to? Not $500. Jenny Lind or Lola Montes, or any celebrity, could bring far more money than th Phe announcement of the e was, that only those who purch be admitted befor ‘clock, or Ki the bail. Yet the cit of the pleasure, curiosity called, of hearing him, rather than give a for at 8 o’clock th were not S00 persons in the houre, only a few in the front, and then when the doors were open for cheap sympathy, there was a rush, and the whole building was densely filled—and Kossuth did not ‘‘speak to the empty air,” because it cost nothing to hear him. And now let me tell you what took place outside the door, before Kossuth came. 1 was a witness of it, and can swear toevery word of it, if necessary. ‘There was mue among the honest mechanics and working asses who stood in front of the building, that they were excluded, or compelled tv pay a dollar, while Sona- tors and Common Ceuneil men and’ the woalthy were lending in their wives, because they could af- ford to pay. One young man said that this arrange- ment was entircly contrary to the wishes of the meoting who appointed the committee; and he said that it wasa hard case that he should be kept out becanse he could not afford to pay a dollar, though perhaps he could half # dollar, or seventy- five cents. But, said an advocate of the arrange- ment, money is what he wants, and other considera- tions innst be sacrificed to that. ‘*What does he want with the money 1?” repliod tho other, ‘* is it to purchase a mansion in England, and to live there upon it! I would be glad to ree Hungary free, but she must first be civilized. She is not yet fit for republican institutions.” This sentiment was re- ceived with much Cacia Treland, he continued, is dearer to us than Hungary, and glad ey yal but we cannot aid in establishing a republie there, because the people are not yet fit ferit. An aged gentleman Tere said he wished to give five dollars to Kossuth himself, but he would not give it through the free svilers who had got a hold of him, and he did not want to purchase their scrip. This is only a specimen of the discussions that took place, and the people were most indignant. Well, the hall was filled to overtlowing, Yes, and so it was last yeur at the Women’s Rights Convention, when the people went to hear what Mrs. Coe, of Ohio, and other ladies had te say in favor of their rights—but it must not be, therefore, inferred that every man whe went to hear the dear creatures was prepared to surrender them the breeches, and wear their petticoats instead. Why, if Daniel Webster were to deliver a speech here, or Henry Clay, in favor of whiggery. all the democrats in the place would go to hear thedistinguished whigs. Kossuth haa yet to learn, among many otherrepublican prin- ciples, what free discussion is in the United States. Kossuth’s deducticn that those who crowd to hear him are in favor of his peculiar notions, is just as lo- gical as that all those independent journals and others who are opposed to him, are necessarily in favor of Russian and Austrian despotiem. It is juy, the reverse. The New York Mexaxp tolls Ko nth the truth, the very thing he says he wants ‘19 know, but really does not want to"know. He says he dood rot wart to be in uncertainty, put to know Low far he can rely upon jhe aid of this country in the #ruciig that is to. come. between Hungary o”, one side, and Austria; Russia, Prussia, Franey, and I know not how many other owers on «nd other side. He says that it would be fan etter for him to know the worst, in order that tha people of Hungary might not nd on re which it will not receive. Tho Hewaxp, ha Eno motive to deceive, and having gained its Vy roud position, as the first paper in the United? States, by always telling the truth, independent parties or individuals, tells Koseuth some plain an wholesome trath about the real state of the case, an® exposes the hollow humbug by which heis ‘fooled to the top of his bent.” He does not like this, and doe@ not believe it, or affects not to believe it, because he does not wish it to be true. Be is unpalatable to him, and mortifying so that self-love and vanity from which Kossuth is nd more exempt than other mortals. Hence his brave attack on the Teporter of the Herat, denouncing hint before a multitude somewhat excited by his cloquence. Butif he thinks he can deter the HeRaLp or (its attaches from doing their duty by such @ course as that, he will find himself vastly mistaken. How in- consistent with the republican ggg ed pro- mulgated a few minutes before by tho ! bg ol indigenous to the soil of Maseaohusetes. Our fath= ers fought for freedom, oivil and religious. Ha’ =< i A ey, laid ~ tions of ei and religious deep an . pote oh yor a free press, a sions. " mos when 6 n bible, have made us whad weare.” What Kossath thought of a free press waa very evident at the close of hid speech, and it ro. pas 13 it ho be spiritual knockor—to tell what Wend do if he had ihe power, HA Ml journals